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Nawaz M, Afridi MN, Ullah I, Khan IA, Ishaq MS, Su Y, Rizwan HM, Cheng KW, Zhou Q, Wang M. The inhibitory effects of endophytic metabolites on glycated proteins under non-communicable disease conditions: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131869. [PMID: 38670195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Protein glycation in human body is closely linked to the onset/progression of diabetes associated complications. These glycated proteins are commonly known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Recent literature has also highlighted the involvement of AGEs in other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular, cancer, and Alzheimer's diseases and explored the impact of plant metabolites on AGEs formation. However, the significance of endophytic metabolites against AGEs has recently garnered attention but has not been thoroughly summarized thus far. Therefore, the objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the importance of endophytic metabolites in combating AGEs under NCDs conditions. Additionally, this review aims to elucidate the processes of AGEs formation, absorption, metabolism, and their harmful effects. Collectively, endophytic metabolites play a crucial role in modulating signaling pathways and enhancing the digestibility properties of gut microbiota (GM) by targeting on AGEs/RAGE (receptor for AGEs) axis. Furthermore, these metabolites exhibit anti-AGEs activities similar to those derived from host plants, but at a lower cost and higher production rate. The use of endophytes as a source of such metabolites offers a risk-free and sustainable approach that holds substantial potential for the treatment and management of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nawaz
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Naveed Afridi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Irfan Ullah
- CPSP/REU/SGR-2016-021-8421, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ali Khan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Saqib Ishaq
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | - Yuting Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ka-Wing Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Mingfu Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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2
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Dharavath R, A S. Employing soil isolated fungi for production of bioactive phenolic compounds: a fermentative approach. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38477871 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2326882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
An efficient method of solid-state fermentation (SSF) is reported for producing bioactive phenolic compounds using soil-isolated fungi. Antioxidant activity using a rapid DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl), was employed to screen the 120 fungal isolates from soil. Aspergillus terreus 1, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus terreus 2, Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus wentii1, Aspergillus wentii 2, Penicillium expansum and Penicillium granulatum were chosen, concerning their antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. These fungal strains were applied on agro residues viz. sugarcane bagasse, corn cob, rice straw, pea pod and wheat straw, to evaluate the release of phenolic compounds. The fermented extracts from various agro-residues showed good antioxidant activity against DPPH, ferric ion, and nitric oxide radicals. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in fermented extracts of sugarcane bagasse, followed by pea pod. Additionally, the total phenolic content in the fermented extracts positively correlated with antioxidant potential. This study highlights the significant potential of solid substrate fermentation using soil-isolated fungi and agro-residues to produce bioactive phenolic compounds with potent antioxidant properties. The utilization of SSF for the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural sources not only offers a clean and sustainable approach but also contributes to the valorization of agro-industrial residues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Srividya A
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India
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3
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Bhat MP, Rudrappa M, Hugar A, Gunagambhire PV, Suresh Kumar R, Nayaka S, Almansour AI, Perumal K. In-vitro investigation on the biological activities of squalene derived from the soil fungus Talaromyces pinophilus. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21461. [PMID: 38027970 PMCID: PMC10654146 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The consistent increase in multidrug resistance among pathogens and increased cancer incidence are serious public health concerns and threaten humans by killing countless lives. In the present study, Talaromyces pinophilus CJ15 was characterized and evaluated for its antibacterial, candidicidal and cytotoxic activities. The selected isolate Talaromyces pinophilus CJ15 with 18S rRNA gene sequence of 1021 base pairs exhibited antifungal activity on plant pathogens via dual culture. The GC-MS profiling of crude extract illustrated the existence of many bioactive macromolecules which include squalene belonging to the terpenoids family. The biological macromolecules in the bioactive fraction of CJ15 exhibited increasing antibacterial activity with an increase in concentration such that the highest activity was recorded against Shigella flexneri with 15, 18, 20, and 24 mm inhibition zones at 25, 50, 75 and 100 μl concentrations, respectively. The squalene, having a molecular weight of 410.718 g/mol, displayed candidicidal activity with a right-side shifted log phase in the growth curve of all the treated Candida species, indicating delayed exponential growth. In cytotoxic activity, the extracted squalene exhibited an IC50 concentration of 26.22 μg/ml against JURKAT cells and induced apoptosis-induced cell death. This study's outcomes encourage the researchers to explore further the development of new and improved bioactive macromolecules that could help to prevent infections and human blood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muthuraj Rudrappa
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580001, Karnataka, India
| | - Anil Hugar
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580001, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sreenivasa Nayaka
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580001, Karnataka, India
| | - Abdulrahman I. Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karthikeyan Perumal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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4
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Gurgel RS, de Melo Pereira DÍ, Garcia AVF, Fernandes de Souza AT, Mendes da Silva T, de Andrade CP, Lima da Silva W, Nunez CV, Fantin C, de Lima Procópio RE, Albuquerque PM. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Arrabidaea chica (Bignoniaceae). J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:864. [PMID: 37623634 PMCID: PMC10455555 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The endophytic fungal community of the Amazonian medicinal plant Arrabidaea chica (Bignoniaceae) was evaluated based on the hypothesis that microbial communities associated with plant species in the Amazon region may produce metabolites with interesting bioactive properties. Therefore, the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the fungal extracts were investigated. A total of 107 endophytic fungi were grown in liquid medium and the metabolites were extracted with ethyl acetate. In the screening of fungal extracts for antimicrobial activity, the fungus identified as Botryosphaeria mamane CF2-13 was the most promising, with activity against E. coli, S. epidermidis, P. mirabilis, B. subtilis, S. marcescens, K. pneumoniae, S. enterica, A. brasiliensis, C. albicans, C. tropicalis and, especially, against S. aureus and C. parapsilosis (MIC = 0.312 mg/mL). Screening for antioxidant potential using the DPPH elimination assay showed that the Colletotrichum sp. CG1-7 endophyte extract exhibited potential activity with an EC50 of 11 µg/mL, which is equivalent to quercetin (8 µg/mL). The FRAP method confirmed the antioxidant potential of the fungal extracts. The presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the active extracts was confirmed using TLC. These results indicate that two of the fungi isolated from A. chica exhibit significant antimicrobial and antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiana Silveira Gurgel
- Programa Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the Bionorte Network, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050-010, Brazil; (R.S.G.); (D.Í.d.M.P.); (C.P.d.A.)
- Research Group on Chemistry Applied to Technology, School of Technology, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050-020, Brazil; (A.V.F.G.); (A.T.F.d.S.); (T.M.d.S.); (R.E.d.L.P.)
| | - Dorothy Ívila de Melo Pereira
- Programa Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the Bionorte Network, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050-010, Brazil; (R.S.G.); (D.Í.d.M.P.); (C.P.d.A.)
- Research Group on Chemistry Applied to Technology, School of Technology, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050-020, Brazil; (A.V.F.G.); (A.T.F.d.S.); (T.M.d.S.); (R.E.d.L.P.)
| | - Ana Vyktória França Garcia
- Research Group on Chemistry Applied to Technology, School of Technology, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050-020, Brazil; (A.V.F.G.); (A.T.F.d.S.); (T.M.d.S.); (R.E.d.L.P.)
| | - Anne Terezinha Fernandes de Souza
- Research Group on Chemistry Applied to Technology, School of Technology, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050-020, Brazil; (A.V.F.G.); (A.T.F.d.S.); (T.M.d.S.); (R.E.d.L.P.)
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Natural Resources of the Amazon, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050-010, Brazil; (C.V.N.); (C.F.)
| | - Thaysa Mendes da Silva
- Research Group on Chemistry Applied to Technology, School of Technology, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050-020, Brazil; (A.V.F.G.); (A.T.F.d.S.); (T.M.d.S.); (R.E.d.L.P.)
| | - Cleudiane Pereira de Andrade
- Programa Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the Bionorte Network, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050-010, Brazil; (R.S.G.); (D.Í.d.M.P.); (C.P.d.A.)
- Research Group on Chemistry Applied to Technology, School of Technology, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050-020, Brazil; (A.V.F.G.); (A.T.F.d.S.); (T.M.d.S.); (R.E.d.L.P.)
| | - Weison Lima da Silva
- Bioprospection and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus 69067-375, Brazil;
| | - Cecilia Veronica Nunez
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Natural Resources of the Amazon, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050-010, Brazil; (C.V.N.); (C.F.)
- Bioprospection and Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus 69067-375, Brazil;
| | - Cleiton Fantin
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Natural Resources of the Amazon, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050-010, Brazil; (C.V.N.); (C.F.)
- Multicentric Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050-010, Brazil
| | - Rudi Emerson de Lima Procópio
- Research Group on Chemistry Applied to Technology, School of Technology, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050-020, Brazil; (A.V.F.G.); (A.T.F.d.S.); (T.M.d.S.); (R.E.d.L.P.)
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Natural Resources of the Amazon, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050-010, Brazil; (C.V.N.); (C.F.)
| | - Patrícia Melchionna Albuquerque
- Programa Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the Bionorte Network, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050-010, Brazil; (R.S.G.); (D.Í.d.M.P.); (C.P.d.A.)
- Research Group on Chemistry Applied to Technology, School of Technology, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050-020, Brazil; (A.V.F.G.); (A.T.F.d.S.); (T.M.d.S.); (R.E.d.L.P.)
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Natural Resources of the Amazon, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050-010, Brazil; (C.V.N.); (C.F.)
- Multicentric Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69050-010, Brazil
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Gupta A, Meshram V, Gupta M, Goyal S, Qureshi KA, Jaremko M, Shukla KK. Fungal Endophytes: Microfactories of Novel Bioactive Compounds with Therapeutic Interventions; A Comprehensive Review on the Biotechnological Developments in the Field of Fungal Endophytic Biology over the Last Decade. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1038. [PMID: 37509074 PMCID: PMC10377637 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The seminal discovery of paclitaxel from endophytic fungus Taxomyces andreanae was a milestone in recognizing the immense potential of endophytic fungi as prolific producers of bioactive secondary metabolites of use in medicine, agriculture, and food industries. Following the discovery of paclitaxel, the research community has intensified efforts to harness endophytic fungi as putative producers of lead molecules with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cardio-protective, and immunomodulatory properties. Endophytic fungi have been a valuable source of bioactive compounds over the last three decades. Compounds such as taxol, podophyllotoxin, huperzine, camptothecin, and resveratrol have been effectively isolated and characterized after extraction from endophytic fungi. These findings have expanded the applications of endophytic fungi in medicine and related fields. In the present review, we systematically compile and analyze several important compounds derived from endophytic fungi, encompassing the period from 2011 to 2022. Our systematic approach focuses on elucidating the origins of endophytic fungi, exploring the structural diversity and biological activities exhibited by these compounds, and giving special emphasis to the pharmacological activities and mechanism of action of certain compounds. We highlight the tremendous potential of endophytic fungi as alternate sources of bioactive metabolites, with implications for combating major global diseases. This underscores the significant role that fungi can play in the discovery and development of novel therapeutic agents that address the challenges posed by prevalent diseases worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Gupta
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Vineet Meshram
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Mahiti Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Soniya Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Kamal Ahmad Qureshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamlesh Kumar Shukla
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
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6
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Bhat MP, Chakraborty B, Nagaraja SK, Gunagambhire PV, Kumar RS, Nayaka S, Almansour AI, Perumal K. Aspergillus niger CJ6 extract with antimicrobial potential promotes in-vitro cytotoxicity and induced apoptosis against MIA PaCa-2 cell line. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:116008. [PMID: 37121347 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the increased number of multidrug-resistant strains among pathogens is a severe public health concern and cancer is posing a great threat for humans. These problems should be tackled with the development of novel and broad-spectrum antimicrobials from microbial origin. During the present study, the bioactive secondary metabolites from Aspergillus niger CJ6 were extracted, characterized; their biological properties were evaluated by subjecting them for antimicrobial, antifungal and anticancer activities. The potent isolate Aspergillus niger CJ6 with nucleotide sequence of 959 base pairs showed antagonistic activity against fungal pathogens in dual culture. The chemical profiling of crude ethyl acetate extract indicated the presence of various bioactive molecules belonging to phenolic, hydrocarbons, and phthalate derivative classes. In antimicrobial activity, the crude extract displayed increasing activity with increased concentration; the highest activity observed against Shigella flexneri with 15 ± 1.0, 19 ± 0.5, 20 ± 1.0 and 24 ± 1.0 mm zones of inhibition at 25, 50, 75 and 100 μl concentrations. The MTT assay illustrated deformed cells of MIA PaCa-2 cell line in in-vitro cytotoxic activity; outflow of cell matrix and membrane rupture; the IC50 of 90.78 μg/ml suggested moderate potential of extract to prevent cancer cell growth. The apoptosis/necrosis study by flow cytometer exhibited 8.98 ± 0.85% early and 73 ± 0.7% of late apoptotic population with 3.8 ± 1.1% necrotic cells; only 14.22 ± 0.6% of healthy cells suggested the increased apoptosis inducing capacity of Aspergillus niger CJ6 crude extract. The outcomes of this study persuade further exploration on the identification, purification and development of novel bioactive agents that could help battle fatal diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bidhayak Chakraborty
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580001, Karnataka, India.
| | | | | | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sreenivasa Nayaka
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580001, Karnataka, India.
| | - Abdulrahman I Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Karthikeyan Perumal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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7
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Devi R, Abdulhaq A, Verma R, Sharma K, Kumar D, Kumar A, Tapwal A, Yadav R, Mohan S. Improvement in the Phytochemical Content and Biological Properties of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni Plant Using Endophytic Fungi Fusarium fujikuroi. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12051151. [PMID: 36904011 PMCID: PMC10005530 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to increase the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants through inoculation with endophytic fungi. As endophytes influence medicinal plants' biological properties, twenty fungal strains were isolated from the medicinal plant Ocimum tenuiflorum. Among all fungal isolates, the R2 strain showed the highest antagonistic activity towards plant pathogenic fungi Rosellinia necatrix and Fusarium oxysporum. The partial ITS region of the R2 strain was deposited in the GenBank nucleotide sequence databases under accession number ON652311 as Fusarium fujikuroi isolate R2 OS. To ascertain the impact of an endophytic fungus on the biological functions of medicinal plants, Stevia rebaudiana seeds were inoculated with Fusarium fujikuroi (ON652311). In the DPPH assay, the IC50 value of the inoculated Stevia plant extracts (methanol, chloroform, and positive control) was 72.082 µg/mL, 85.78 µg/mL, and 18.86 µg/mL, respectively. In the FRAP assay, the IC50 value of the inoculated Stevia extracts (methanol, chloroform extract, and positive control) was 97.064 µM Fe2+ equivalents, 117.662 µM Fe2+ equivalents, and 53.384 µM Fe2+ equivalents, respectively. In the extracts of the plant inoculated with endophytic fungus, rutin and syringic acid (polyphenols) concentrations were 20.8793 mg/L and 5.4389 mg/L, respectively, which were higher than in the control plant extracts. This approach can be further utilized for other medicinal plants to increase their phytochemical content and hence medicinal potential in a sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Devi
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Ahmed Abdulhaq
- Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
- Correspondence: (R.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Kiran Sharma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Business Management, Solan 173229, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Conifer Campus, Shimla 171013, India
| | - Ashwani Tapwal
- Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Conifer Campus, Shimla 171013, India
| | - Rahul Yadav
- Shoolini Life Sciences, Private Limited, Solan 173229, India
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
- Correspondence: (R.V.); (S.M.)
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8
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Bora P, Devi NN. Exploration of the chemical constituents and its antioxidant, antibacterial activities of endophytic fungi isolated from the medicinal plant Dillenia indica. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:67. [PMID: 36653666 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Assam, India being the pool for ethnomedicinal plants harbors diverse endophytic fungi constituting major bioactive metabolites. The present study was designed to screen the antioxidant, antibacterial activities along with the chemical constituents of the endophytic fungi isolated from the fruits of Dillenia indica (commonly known as Otenga in Assam). Screening of such metabolic compounds and their antioxidant, antibacterial activities can have tremendous potential in suppressing certain diseases. Agar well diffusion method has been used to carry out the antibacterial assay against three pathogenic bacteria two gram positive [Bacillus subtilis (MTCC No. 441); Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC No. 740)] and one gram negative [Escherichia coli (MTCC No. 739)]. Aspergillus fumigatus of ethyl acetate extract showed a prominent activity against Staphylococcus aureus followed by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Antioxidants have the potential to neutralize and inhibit the action of free radicals. The highest scavenging activity was exhibited by ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus fumigatus in DPPH assay. Furthermore, the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and saponins. Result showed that ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus fumigatus showed the highest phenolic content (236.81 ± 0.2 mg.g-1) and least was shown by Aspergillus flavus (92.12 ± 1.4 mg.g-1). Total flavonoids content for Aspergillus fumigatus (39.08 ± 0.2 mg.g-1) was found to be highest compared to other isolates. Molecular identification of the endophytic fungus showing highest activity was done based on 18S rRNA. The sequenced was submitted in Genbank with accession number MH540721 showing high similarities with Aspergillus fumigatus strain 3,162,954. A. fumigatus strain is subjected to GC/MS analysis that revealed the chemical constituents 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1-heptanol, dodecane, 1-fluoro-pentanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester, 1-octanol, 2-butyl-1-dodecanol. Thus, the present work reveals that endophytic fungi colonizing in ethnomedicinal plant Dillenia indica could be a promising source for antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Further work is needed to add value in various therapeutic and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Bora
- Cotton University, Guwahati, India, 781001
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9
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Gupta P, Rai N, Verma A, Saikia D, Singh SP, Kumar R, Singh SK, Kumar D, Gautam V. Green-Based Approach to Synthesize Silver Nanoparticles Using the Fungal Endophyte Penicillium oxalicum and Their Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and In Vitro Anticancer Potential. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:46653-46673. [PMID: 36570288 PMCID: PMC9774420 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A green-based approach for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles has gained tremendous attention in biomedical applications. Fungal endophytes have been recognized as a remarkable biological source for the synthesis of potential nanodrugs. The present study focuses on the fabrication of silver nanoparticles using the fungal endophyte Penicillium oxalicum (POAgNPs) associated with the leaf of the Amoora rohituka plant. Sharp UV-visible spectra at 420 nm appeared due to the surface plasmon resonance of POAgNPs and the reduction of silver salt. FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of functional groups of bioactive compounds of P. oxalicum responsible for the reduction of silver salt and validated the synthesis of POAgNPs. A high degree of crystallinity was revealed through XRD analysis, and microscopy-based characterizations such as AFM, TEM, and FESEM showed uniformly distributed, and spherically shaped nanoparticles. Furthermore, POAgNPs showed a potential inhibitory effect against bacterial and fungal strains of pathogenic nature. POAgNPs also exhibited potential antioxidant activity against the synthetically generated free radicals such as DPPH, superoxide, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide with EC50 values of 9.034 ± 0.449, 56.378 ± 1.137, 34.094 ± 1.944, and 61.219 ± 0.69 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, POAgNPs exhibited cytotoxic potential against the breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 with IC50 values of 20.080 ± 0.761 and 40.038 ± 1.022 μg/mL, respectively. POAgNPs showed anticancer potential through inhibition of wound closure and by altering the nuclear morphology of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Further anticancer activity revealed that POAgNPs induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells by differential expression of genes related to apoptosis, tumor suppression, and cell cycle arrest and increased the level of Caspase-3. The novel study showed that P. oxalicum-mediated silver nanoparticles exhibit potential biological activity, which can be exploited as nanodrugs in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute
of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Nilesh Rai
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute
of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute
of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Dimple Saikia
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad 580011, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad 580011, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute
of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute
of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department
of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute
of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Rochín-Hernández LS, Rochín-Hernández LJ, Flores-Cotera LB. Endophytes, a Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds to Curtail the Formation–Accumulation of Advanced Glycation End Products: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144469. [PMID: 35889349 PMCID: PMC9322667 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes, microorganisms that live in the internal tissues and organs of the plants, are known to produce numerous bioactive compounds, including, at times, some phytochemicals of their host plant. For such reason, endophytes have been quoted as a potential source for discovering bioactive compounds, particularly, of medical interest. Currently, many non-communicable diseases are threatening global human health, noticeably: diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and other ailment related to chronic inflammation and ageing. Intriguingly, the pathogenesis and development of these diseases have been linked to an excessive formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are a heterogeneous group of compounds that can alter the conformation, function, and lifetime of proteins. Therefore, compounds that prevent the formation and consequent accumulation of AGEs (AntiAGEs compounds) could be useful to delay the progress of some chronic diseases, and/or harmful effects of undue AGEs accumulation. Despite the remarkable ability of endophytes to produce bioactive compounds, most of the natural antiAGEs compounds reported in the literature are derived from plants. Accordingly, this work covers 26 plant antiAGEs compounds and some derivatives that have been reported as endophytic metabolites, and discusses the importance, possible advantages, and challenges of using endophytes as a potential source of antiAGEs compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lory Sthephany Rochín-Hernández
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Lory Jhenifer Rochín-Hernández
- Department of Biomedicine and Molecular Biology, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Luis Bernardo Flores-Cotera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-13499526
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Sharma M, Mallubhotla S. Diversity, Antimicrobial Activity, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Endophytic Bacteria Sourced From Cordia dichotoma L. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:879386. [PMID: 35633730 PMCID: PMC9136406 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.879386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria isolated from medicinal plants are crucial for the production of antimicrobial agents since they are capable of possessing bioactive compounds with diverse structures and activities. Cordia dichotoma, a plant of medicinal importance native to the Jammu region of India, was selected for the isolation and characterization of culturable endophytic bacteria and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities. Standardized surface sterilization methods were employed to isolate thirty-three phenotypically distinguishable endophytic bacteria from the root, stem, and leaf parts of the plant. Shannon Wiener diversity index clearly divulged diverse endophytes in roots (0.85), stem (0.61), and leaf (0.54) tissues. Physio-biochemical features of the isolates differentiated the distinct variations in their carbohydrate utilization profile and NaCl tolerance. The endophytes produced an array of enzymes, namely, catalase, oxidase, amylase, cellulase, nitrate reductase, and lipase. The bacterial isolates belong to the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Paenibacillus, Acidomonas, Streptococcus, Ralstonia, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, and Alcalignes predominantly. However, the antibiotic susceptibility pattern indicated that the isolates were mostly sensitive to erythromycin and streptomycin, while they were resistant to rifampicin, amoxicillin, and bacitracin. Interestingly, majority of the bacterial endophytes of C. dichotoma showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. The 16S rRNA sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis has been deposited in the NCBI GenBank database under accession number OM320575. The major compounds of the crude extract derived from endophytic B. thuringiensis OM320575, according to the metabolic profile examination by GC-MS, are dibutyl phthalate, eicosane, tetrapentacontane, heneicosane, and hexadecane, which possessed antibacterial activities. In conclusion, results indicated the potential of C. dichotoma to host a plethora of bacterial endophytes that produce therapeutic bioactive metabolites.
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Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Production in Zea mays L. Using Endophytic Aspergillus fumigatus. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050482. [PMID: 35628738 PMCID: PMC9146429 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus infection of vegetative tissues can affect the development and integrity of the plant and poses dangerous risks on human and animal health. Thus, safe and easily applied approaches are employed to inhibit A. flavus growth. To this end, the fungal endophyte, i.e., Aspergillus fumigatus, was used as a safe biocontrol agent to reduce the growth of A. flavus and its infection in maize seedlings. Interestingly, the safe endophytic A. fumigatus exhibited antifungal activity (e.g., 77% of growth inhibition) against A. flavus. It also reduced the creation of aflatoxins, particularly aflatoxin B1 (AFB1, 90.9%). At plant level, maize seedling growth, leaves and root anatomy and the changes in redox status were estimated. Infected seeds treated with A. fumigatus significantly improved the germination rate by 88.53%. The ultrastructure of the infected leaves showed severe disturbances in the internal structures, such as lack of differentiation in cells, cracking, and lysis in the cell wall and destruction in the nucleus semi-lysis of chloroplasts. Ultrastructure observations indicated that A. fumigatus treatment increased maize (leaf and root) cell wall thickness that consequentially reduced the invasion of the pathogenic A. flavus. It was also interesting that the infected seedlings recovered after being treated with A. fumigatus, as it was observed in growth characteristics and photosynthetic pigments. Moreover, infected maize plants showed increased oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation and H2O2), which was significantly mitigated by A. fumigatus treatment. This mitigation was at least partially explained by inducing the antioxidant defense system, i.e., increased phenols and proline levels (23.3 and 31.17%, respectively) and POD, PPO, SOD and CAT enzymes activity (29.50, 57.58, 32.14 and 29.52%, respectively). Overall, our study suggests that endophytic A. fumigatus treatment could be commercially used for the safe control of aflatoxins production and for inducing biotic stress tolerance of A. flavus-infected maize plants.
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Production and characterization of a broad-spectrum antimicrobial 5-butyl-2-pyridine carboxylic acid from Aspergillus fumigatus nHF-01. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6006. [PMID: 35397665 PMCID: PMC8994762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09925-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims at the production optimization, purification, and characterization of a potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound (AMC) produced by Aspergillus fumigatus nHF-01 (GenBank Ac. No. MN190286). The culture conditions were optimized for a higher amount of AMC. The AMC was solvent extracted and characterized by UV–Vis, FT–IR, ESI–MS, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The MIC, MBC and mode of action were determined against a set of Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria. Its antibiofilm, synergistic and cytotoxic effects were also tested. The putative target site of action was evaluated through in silico molecular docking study. The stain A. fumigatus nHF-01 produced the maximum AMC (5-butyl-2-pyridine carboxylic acid) in 2% MEB (w/v) and 4% YE (w/v) at pH 6.0 and 20 °C temperature with 100 rpm agitation for ten days. It caused complete lethality of the Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria at a 129 µg/mL dose by rupture and entire dissolution of cell integrity. It showed moderate antibiofilm activity and had a synergistic activity with streptomycin and additive effects with ciprofloxacin and vancomycin. It targets a respiratory enzyme, Quinol-Fumarate Reductase (1l0v), with the highest binding affinities. It had cytotoxicity against human lung carcinoma A549 cell line and was stable up to 100 °C. Thus, the study revealed that the strain A. fumigatus nHF-01 produces a potent broad-spectrum AMC 5-butyl-2-pyridine carboxylic acid that could be used against human food and topical pathogenic bacteria. This is the first report of such a compound produced from the A. fumigatus.
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Rai N, Keshri PK, Gupta P, Verma A, Kamble SC, Singh SK, Gautam V. Bioprospecting of fungal endophytes from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz with antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264673. [PMID: 35298472 PMCID: PMC8929595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, a medicinal plant, shows numerous pharmacological properties which may be attributed to the bioactive compounds produced by O. indicum or due to associated endophytes. In the present study, leaf of O. indicum was evaluated for the presence of associated fungal endophytes, and antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of bioactive compounds produced from them. Using culture-dependent approach, eight fungal endophytes belonging to five different genera were identified. Two endophytes Daldinia eschscholtzii and Ectophoma multirostrata have been reported for the first time from the leaf of O. indicum plant. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) of ethyl acetate (EA) extract of isolated fungal endophytes showed a distinct fingerprinting profile in EA extract of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Among identified endophytes, EA extract of C. gloeosporioides showed significant antioxidant activity against DPPH free radical, superoxide anion radical, nitric oxide radical and hydroxyl radical with EC50 values of 22.24±1.302 μg/mL, 67.46±0.576 μg/mL, 80.10±0.706 μg/mL and 61.55±1.360 μg/mL, respectively. EA extract of C. gloeosporioides exhibited potential cytotoxicity against HCT116, HeLa and HepG2 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 76.59 μg/mL, 176.20 μg/mL and 1750.70 μg/mL, respectively. A comparative HPTLC fingerprinting and the antioxidant activity of C. gloeosporioides associated with two different hosts (leaf of O. indicum and dead twigs of other plant) showed that C. gloeosporioides produces bioactive compounds in a host-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Priyanka Kumari Keshri
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Swapnil C. Kamble
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Kaur N, Arora DS, Kaur S, Kumar A, Kaur S. Antiproliferative and Oxidative Damage Protection Activities of Endophytic Fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Chaetomium globosum from Moringa oleifera Lam. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3570-3585. [PMID: 34313919 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to evaluate the antiproliferative and oxidative damage protection potential of endophytic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Chaetomium globosum isolated from Moringa oleifera. The chloroformic extract (CE) of both the fungi showed dose dependent antiproliferative activity against human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3) cell line with (IC50) value of 0.055 mg/ml and 0.008 mg/ml, respectively. Further, CE of both the fungi was studied for their ability to induce apoptosis in PC-3 cell line. Various deformities in the cancerous cells treated with CE of both the fungi have been observed by confocal microscopy which indicates the cell death by apoptosis. Further apoptosis inducing ability of CE of both the fungi was observed using various flow cytometric studies. The chloroformic extract of both the fungi showed slight increase in the level of reactive oxygen species to induce apoptosis. It also showed arrest of cancerous cells at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle to induce apoptosis. The externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) to induce apoptosis was also observed when analysed using Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay where the CE of A. fumigatus and C. globosum showed the total apoptosis of 94.2% and 90.3%, respectively, at the highest tested concentration of GI70. The CE of both the fungi further showed the protective behaviour for plasmid DNA pBR322, when tested for their effect against the oxidative stress caused by the Fenton's reagent. Thus, the studies demonstrated a good antiproliferative and oxidative damage protection potential of the endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Daljit Singh Arora
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
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Al-Obaidi JR, Jambari NN, Ahmad-Kamil EI. Mycopharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals: Promising Agents to Improve Human Well-Being and Life Quality. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7070503. [PMID: 34202552 PMCID: PMC8304235 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi, especially edible mushrooms, are considered as high-quality food with nutritive and functional values. They are of considerable interest and have been used in the synthesis of nutraceutical supplements due to their medicinal properties and economic significance. Specific fungal groups, including predominantly filamentous endophytic fungi from Ascomycete phylum and several Basidiomycetes, produce secondary metabolites (SMs) with bioactive properties that are involved in the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. These beneficial fungi, while high in protein and important fat contents, are also a great source of several minerals and vitamins, in particular B vitamins that play important roles in carbohydrate and fat metabolism and the maintenance of the nervous system. This review article will summarize and discuss the abilities of fungi to produce antioxidant, anticancer, antiobesity, and antidiabetic molecules while also reviewing the evidence from the last decade on the importance of research in fungi related products with direct and indirect impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel R. Al-Obaidi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim 35900, Perak, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (J.R.A.-O.); (N.N.J.)
| | - Nuzul Noorahya Jambari
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (J.R.A.-O.); (N.N.J.)
| | - E. I. Ahmad-Kamil
- Malaysian Nature Society (MNS), JKR 641, Jalan Kelantan, Bukit Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur 50480, Malaysia;
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17
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Yadav G, Meena M. Bioprospecting of endophytes in medicinal plants of Thar Desert: An attractive resource for biopharmaceuticals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e00629. [PMID: 34136363 PMCID: PMC8182382 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endophytes act as chemical synthesizers of the secondary metabolites of the host plant. Endophytic microflora has been isolated from a wide array of plants. It can serve as a good alternative source for pharmaceutically important compounds. The arid ecosystem of Thar Desert is a rich repository of ethnomedicinal plants. Role of endophytes in the synthesis of bioactive molecules used to enhance production.
Endophytes live asymptomatically within the healthy tissues of plant parts of the host, has grabbed the attention of ecologists, chemists, and researchers to have a broad spectral of biotechnological potential. It has been proven that almost all plants harbor endophytes within themselves. Numerous studies indicated that endophytes act as chemical synthesizers of the secondary metabolites of their host plant. Various medicinal plants of the Thar Desert have been used by the local folks of the Rajasthan to treat several diseases ailments for time immemorial. On the basis of their prior knowledge of ethnopharmacological usage of medicinally important plants of Thar Desert, several researchers directed their studies in search of endophytic microflora of such medicinally important plants for the discovery of novel bioactive molecules of pharmaceutical importance, for instance, taxol producing endophytic fungus Phoma sp. isolated from Calotropis gigantea as well as Aspergillus fumigatus, an endophytic fungus reported from Moringa oleifera demonstrated an effective antibiofilm, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activity. This review sheds light on the endophytic microflora of the ethnomedicinal plants of the Thar Desert and their biopotential as a promising source of pharmaceutically important naturally derived compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Yadav
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India
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18
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Zhao S, Wu X, Duan X, Zhou C, Zhao Z, Chen H, Tang Z, Wan Y, Xiao Y, Chen H. Optimal extraction, purification and antioxidant activity of total flavonoids from endophytic fungi of Conyza blinii H. Lév. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11223. [PMID: 33889449 PMCID: PMC8040863 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flavonoids are widely used in the market because of their antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant activities. But the production speed of flavonoids is limited by the growth of plants. CBL9 (Chaetomium cruentum) is a flavonoid-producing endophytic fungi from Conyza blinii H. Lév, which has potential to produce flavonoids. Methods In this study, we isolated total flavonoids from endophytic fungus CBL9 of Conyza blinii H. Lév using macroporous resin D101. The process was optimized by response surface and the best extraction process was obtained. The antioxidant activities of total flavonoids were analyzed in vitro. Results It was found that the best parameters were 25 °C pH 2.80, 1.85 h, and the adsorption ratio reached (64.14 ± 0.04)%. A total of 60% ethanol was the best elution solvent. The elution ratio of total flavonoid reached to (81.54 ± 0.03)%, and the purity was 7.13%, which was increased by 14.55 times compared with the original fermentation broth. Moreover its purity could rise to 13.69% after precipitated by ethanol, which is very close to 14.10% prepared by ethyl acetate extraction. In the antioxidant research, the clearance ratio of L9F-M on DPPH, ABTS, •OH, •O2−, (96.44 ± 0.04)% and (75.33 ± 0.03)%, (73.79 ± 0.02)%, (31.14 ± 0.01)% at maximum mass concentration, was higher than L9F. Conclusion The result indicated using macroporous resin in the extraction of total flavonoid from endophytic fungus is better than organic solvents with higher extraction ratio, safety and lower cost. In vitro testing indicated that the flavonoid extracted by macroporous resin have good antioxidant activity, providing more evidence for the production of flavonoid by biological fermentation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuheng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Xulong Wu
- Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Duan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Caixia Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zhiqiao Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zizhong Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yujun Wan
- Sichuan Food Fermentation Industry Research and Design Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Yirong Xiao
- Sichuan Agricultural University Hospital, Ya'an, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
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Singla RK, Agarwal T, He X, Shen B. Herbal Resources to Combat a Progressive & Degenerative Nervous System Disorder- Parkinson's Disease. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:609-630. [PMID: 33050857 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201013155202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is one of the most common adult-onset, a chronic disorder involving neurodegeneration, which progressively leads to deprivation of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra, causing a subsequent reduction of dopamine levels in the striatum resulting in tremor, myotonia, and dyskinesia. Genetics and environmental factors are believed to be responsible for the onset of Parkinson's disease. The exact pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is quite complicated and the present anti-Parkinson's disease treatments appear to be clinically insufficient. Comprehensive researches have demonstrated the use of natural products such as ginseng, curcumin, ashwagandha, baicalein, etc. for the symptomatic treatment of this disease. The neuroprotective effects exhibited by these natural products are mainly due to their ability to increase dopamine levels in the striatum, manage oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, glutathione levels, clear the aggregation of α- synuclein, induce autophagy and decrease the pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipid peroxidation. This paper reviews various natural product studies conducted by scientists to establish the role of natural products (both metabolite extracts as well as pure metabolites) as adjunctive neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tanya Agarwal
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Sohna Road, Gurugram-122103, India
| | - Xuefei He
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Kaur N, Arora DS, Kalia N, Kaur M. Bioactive potential of endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum and GC-MS analysis of its responsible components. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18792. [PMID: 33139805 PMCID: PMC7606472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75722-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent exploration of various medicinal plants for bioactive potential has led to the growing interest to explore their endophytes for such bioactive potential which may turn out to be better option than the plants. In the present study, Chaetomium globosum, an endophytic fungus isolated from Moringa oleifera Lam has been explored for its various biological activities. The chloroformic extract of C. globosum showed good antimutagenicity against the reactive carcinogenic mutagen, 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) in Ames test. The antiproliferative activity against various cell lines such as HCT-15, HeLa and U87-MG was found to be dose dependent and the viability reduced to 9.26%, 15.7% and 16.3%, respectively. Further, the chloroformic fungal extract was investigated for free radical scavenging activity using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) assay which showed the IC50 value of 45.16 µg/ml and 50.55 µg/ml, respectively. The fungal extract also showed good ferric reducing power. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was found to be in linear relationship with the antioxidant potential of the fungal extract. High performance liquid chromatography showed the presence of phenolics which may help to combat the free radicals. The presence of various bioactive compounds was analysed by GC–MS which endorsed Chaetomium globosum to be a promising candidate for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Daljit Singh Arora
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Namarta Kalia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
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