1
|
Gambari R, Waziri AD, Goonasekera H, Peprah E. Pharmacogenomics of Drugs Used in β-Thalassemia and Sickle-Cell Disease: From Basic Research to Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4263. [PMID: 38673849 PMCID: PMC11050010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this short review we have presented and discussed studies on pharmacogenomics (also termed pharmacogenetics) of the drugs employed in the treatment of β-thalassemia or Sickle-cell disease (SCD). This field of investigation is relevant, since it is expected to help clinicians select the appropriate drug and the correct dosage for each patient. We first discussed the search for DNA polymorphisms associated with a high expression of γ-globin genes and identified this using GWAS studies and CRISPR-based gene editing approaches. We then presented validated DNA polymorphisms associated with a high HbF production (including, but not limited to the HBG2 XmnI polymorphism and those related to the BCL11A, MYB, KLF-1, and LYAR genes). The expression of microRNAs involved in the regulation of γ-globin genes was also presented in the context of pharmacomiRNomics. Then, the pharmacogenomics of validated fetal hemoglobin inducers (hydroxyurea, butyrate and butyrate analogues, thalidomide, and sirolimus), of iron chelators, and of analgesics in the pain management of SCD patients were considered. Finally, we discuss current clinical trials, as well as international research networks focusing on clinical issues related to pharmacogenomics in hematological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gambari
- Center “Chiara Gemmo and Elio Zago” for the Research on Thalassemia, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Ferrara University, 40124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Aliyu Dahiru Waziri
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Kaduna 810001, Nigeria;
| | - Hemali Goonasekera
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo P.O. Box 271, Sri Lanka;
| | - Emmanuel Peprah
- Implementing Sustainable Evidence-Based Interventions through Engagement (ISEE) Lab, Department of Global and Environmental Health, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ngo AD, Nguyen HL, Caglayan S, Chu DT. RNA therapeutics for the treatment of blood disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 203:273-286. [PMID: 38360003 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Blood disorders are defined as diseases related to the structure, function, and formation of blood cells. These diseases lead to increased years of life loss, reduced quality of life, and increased financial burden for social security systems around the world. Common blood disorder treatments such as using chemical drugs, organ transplants, or stem cell therapy have not yet approached the best goals, and treatment costs are also very high. RNA with a research history dating back several decades has emerged as a potential method to treat hematological diseases. A number of clinical trials have been conducted to pave the way for the use of RNA molecules to cure blood disorders. This novel approach takes advantage of regulatory mechanisms and the versatility of RNA-based oligonucleotides to target genes and cellular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of specific diseases. Despite positive results, currently, there is no RNA drug to treat blood-related diseases approved or marketed. Before the clinical adoption of RNA-based therapies, challenges such as safe delivery of RNA molecules to the target site and off-target effects of injected RNA in the body need to be addressed. In brief, RNA-based therapies open novel avenues for the treatment of hematological diseases, and clinical trials for approval and practical use of RNA-targeted are crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh Dao Ngo
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Lam Nguyen
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zheng G, Orkin SH. Transcriptional Repressor BCL11A in Erythroid Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1459:199-215. [PMID: 39017845 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62731-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BCL11A, a zinc finger repressor, is a stage-specific transcription factor that controls the switch from fetal (HbF, α2γ2) to adult (HbA, α2β2) hemoglobin in erythroid cells. While BCL11A was known as a factor critical for B-lymphoid cell development, its relationship to erythroid cells and HbF arose through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Subsequent work validated its role as a silencer of γ-globin gene expression in cultured cells and mice. Erythroid-specific loss of BCL11A rescues the phenotype of engineered sickle cell disease (SCD) mice, thereby suggesting that downregulation of BCL11A expression might be beneficial in patients with SCD and β-thalassemia. Common genetic variation in GWAS resides in an erythroid-specific enhancer within the BCL11A gene that is required for its own expression. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing of the enhancer revealed a GATA-binding site that confers a large portion of its regulatory function. Disruption of the GATA site leads to robust HbF reactivation. Advancement of a guide RNA targeting the GATA-binding site in clinical trials has recently led to approval of first-in-man use of ex vivo CRISPR editing of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) as therapy of SCD and β-thalassemia. Future challenges include expanding access and infrastructure for delivery of genetic therapy to eligible patients, reducing potential toxicity and costs, exploring prospects for in vivo targeting of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and developing small molecule drugs that impair function of BCL11A protein as an alternative option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zheng
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School and HHMI, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School and HHMI, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen M, Wang X, Wang H, Zhang M, Chen L, Chen H, Pan Y, Zhang Y, Xu L, Huang H. The clinical value of hsa-miR-190b-5p in peripheral blood of pediatric β-thalassemia and its regulation on BCL11A expression. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292031. [PMID: 37796993 PMCID: PMC10553837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The B cell CLL/lymphoma 11A (BCL11A) is a key regulator of hemoglobin switching in β-thalassemia (β-thal). Previous study has suggested that dysregulated microRNAs are involved in the regulation of BCL11A expression. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical value of hsa-miR-190b-5p in β-thal, and to confirm the regulatory effect of hsa-miR-190b-5p on BCL11A expression. METHODS The peripheral blood of 25 pediatric β-thal patients and 25 healthy controls were selected, and qRT-PCR was used to analyze the levels of hsa-miR-190b-5p and BCL11A mRNA. The relationship between hsa-miR-190b-5p expression and hematological parameters was assessed by Pearson's correlation test. The diagnostic power of hsa-miR-190b-5p was evaluated by ROC curves analysis. The direct integration between hsa-miR-190b-5p and BCL11A 3'-UTR was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Hsa-miR-190b-5p expression in pediatric β-thal was upregulated, and negatively correlated with the MCH and HbA levels, but positively correlated with the HbF level. Hsa-miR-190b-5p showed a good diagnostic capability for pediatric β-thal equivalent to that of HbA2 (AUC: 0.760 vs. 0.758). Moreover, the levels of BCL11A mRNA in pediatric β-thal were decreased, and hsa-miR-190b-5p had a negative correlation with BCL11A mRNA expression (r = -0.403). BCL11A was a target gene of hsa-miR-190b-5p. The mRNA and protein levels of BCL11A were diminished by introduction of hsa-miR-190b-5p, whereas its expression was upregulated by knockdown of hsa-miR-190b-5p. CONCLUSIONS Hsa-miR-190b-5p expression was upregulated in pediatric β-thal and might be an effective diagnostic biomarker. BCL11A was negatively regulated by hsa-miR-190b-5p, which might provide new target for the treatment of pediatric β-thal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meihuan Chen
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Haiwei Wang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lingji Chen
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yali Pan
- Medical Technology and Engineering College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Finotti A, Gambari R. Combined approaches for increasing fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and de novo production of adult hemoglobin (HbA) in erythroid cells from β-thalassemia patients: treatment with HbF inducers and CRISPR-Cas9 based genome editing. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1204536. [PMID: 37529398 PMCID: PMC10387548 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1204536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome editing (GE) is one of the most efficient and useful molecular approaches to correct the effects of gene mutations in hereditary monogenetic diseases, including β-thalassemia. CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing has been proposed for effective correction of the β-thalassemia mutation, obtaining high-level "de novo" production of adult hemoglobin (HbA). In addition to the correction of the primary gene mutations causing β-thalassemia, several reports demonstrate that gene editing can be employed to increase fetal hemoglobin (HbF), obtaining important clinical benefits in treated β-thalassemia patients. This important objective can be achieved through CRISPR-Cas9 disruption of genes encoding transcriptional repressors of γ-globin gene expression (such as BCL11A, SOX6, KLF-1) or their binding sites in the HBG promoter, mimicking non-deletional and deletional HPFH mutations. These two approaches (β-globin gene correction and genome editing of the genes encoding repressors of γ-globin gene transcription) can be, at least in theory, combined. However, since multiplex CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing is associated with documented evidence concerning possible genotoxicity, this review is focused on the possibility to combine pharmacologically-mediated HbF induction protocols with the "de novo" production of HbA using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Finotti
- Center “Chiara Gemmo and Elio Zago” for the Research on Thalassemia, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Center “Chiara Gemmo and Elio Zago” for the Research on Thalassemia, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kargutkar N, Hariharan P, Nadkarni A. Dynamic interplay of microRNA in diseases and therapeutic. Clin Genet 2023; 103:268-276. [PMID: 36310341 PMCID: PMC9874567 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are the major class of small non-coding RNAs, evolutionary conserved post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Since their discovery in 1993, they have been implicated as master regulators in numerous cellular processes. MicroRNA (miRNA)s regulate gene expression by attenuation and/or mRNA degradation and are commonly associated with cell development, differentiation, and homeostasis. Extensive research in past two decades has provided new insights into the potential implications of miRNA in the onset, progression, and therapeutic nature of miRNAs in disease manifestation. Owing to the novel discoveries, "miRNAs" would probably pave a new direction in therapeutic research. However, "micro" in length miRNAs have attracted considerable attention in numerous other fields. Understanding the functionality of miRNAs, in this review article, we discussed the mechanistic role of miRNAs in human diseases and have outlined most of the recent published work in clinical therapeutics. We have constructed different network models for miRNA and its targets which made us understand their interrelationship and association with diseases. Future research would surely overcome challenges and would introduce new strategies for the utility of miRNAs in a broader setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kargutkar
- National Institute of Immunohaematology (ICMR)MumbaiIndia
| | | | - Anita Nadkarni
- National Institute of Immunohaematology (ICMR)MumbaiIndia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mahmoud Ahmed NH, Lai MI. The Novel Role of the B-Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia 11A (BCL11A) Gene in β-Thalassaemia Treatment. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2023; 22:226-236. [PMID: 36734897 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x23666230123140926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
β-thalassaemia is a genetic disorder resulting in a reduction or absence of β-globin gene expression. Due to the high prevalence of β-thalassaemia and the lack of available treatment other than blood transfusion and haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation, the disease represents a considerable burden to clinical and economic systems. Foetal haemoglobin has an appreciated ameliorating effect in β-haemoglobinopathy, as the γ-globin chain substitutes the β-globin chain reduction by pairing with the excess α-globin chain in β-thalassaemia and reduces sickling in sickle cell disease (SCD). BCL11A is a critical regulator and repressor of foetal haemoglobin. Downregulation of BCL11A in adult erythroblasts and cell lines expressing adult haemoglobin led to a significant increase in foetal haemoglobin levels. Disruption of BCL11A erythroid enhancer resulted in disruption of the BCL11A gene solely in the erythroid lineages and increased γ-globin expression in adult erythroid cells. Autologous haematopoietic stem cell gene therapy represents an attractive treatment option to overcome the immune complications and donor availability associated with allogeneic transplantation. Using genome editing technologies, the disruption of BCL11A to induce γ- globin expression in HSCs has emerged as an alternative approach to treat β-thalassaemia. Targeting the +58 BCL11A erythroid enhancer or BCL11A binding motif at the γ-gene promoter with CRISPR-Cas9 or base editors has successfully disrupted the gene and the binding motif with a subsequent increment in HbF levels. This review outlines the critical role of BCL11A in γ-globin gene silencing and discusses the different genome editing approaches to downregulate BCL11A as a means for ameliorating β-thalassaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahil Hassan Mahmoud Ahmed
- Haematology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mei I Lai
- Haematology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma AR, Lee YH, Lee SS. Recent advancements of miRNAs in the treatment of bone diseases and their delivery potential. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 4:100150. [PMID: 36691422 PMCID: PMC9860349 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in understanding miRNAs as endogenous posttranscriptional regulatory units have projected them as novel therapeutics for several untreatable diseases. miRNAs are endogenous non-coding small single-stranded RNA molecules (20-24 nucleotides) with specific gene regulatory functions like repression of mRNA translation by degrading mRNAs. Emerging evidence suggests the role of miRNAs in various stages of bone growth and development. Undoubtedly, due to their critical role in bone remodeling, miRNAs might be projected as a novel approach to treating bone-related diseases. However, the instability associated with miRNAs in their complex environment, such as degradation by nucleases, is a concern. Thus, recent attention is being paid to maintaining the miRNAs' safety and efficacy in the cells. Various efficient delivery systems and chemical modifications of miRNAs are being developed to make them a potential therapeutic option for bone diseases. Here, we have tried to recapitulate the recent advances in the role of miRNAs in bone disease, along with the potential delivery systems for their efficient delivery to the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Corresponding author. Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24252, South Korea.
| | | | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Corresponding author. Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24252, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li H, Lin R, Li H, Ou R, Wang K, Lin J, Li C. MicroRNA-92a-3p-mediated inhibition of BCL11A upregulates γ-globin expression and inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis in erythroid precursor cells. HEMATOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 27:1152-1162. [PMID: 36178486 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2128258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study attempted to investigate miR-92a-3p expression in peripheral blood of patients with severe β-thalassemia, and the effect and action mechanism of miR-92a-3p on γ-globin expression and oxidative stress in erythroid precursor cells. METHODS CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and patients with severe β-thalassemia. The levels of miR-92a-3p, BCL11A, and γ-globin were measured in erythroid precursor cells. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze hemoglobin F (HbF) content. HPCs were induced with erythroid differentiation and erythroid precursor cells were then obtained. The relevance between miR-92a-3p and BCL11A was studied using dual luciferase reporter gene assay, and the correlation between miR-92a-3p and HbF was assayed by Pearson correlation analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in erythroid precursor cells were tested to evaluate oxidative stress. Cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Remarkably higher expression of miR-92a-3p was observed in erythroid precursor cells. Increased expression of miR-92a-3p resulted in elevated levels of γ-globin, GSH, and SOD, reduced expression of ROS and MDA, and decreased cell apoptosis. BCL11A was identified as a target of miR-92a-3p and to be downregulated by miR-92a-3p. Moreover, BCL11A knockdown alone increased the expression of γ-globin, SOD and GSH, and repressed the levels of ROS and MDA and cell apoptosis, and the following inhibition of miR-92a-3p changed these patterns. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that miR-92a-3p might increase γ-globin level and reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis in erythroid precursor cells by downregulating BCL11A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huili Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoping Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Huizhou First Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Laboratory, Nanfang-Chunfu Children's Institute of Hematology & Oncology, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rilan Ou
- Department of Laboratory, Nanfang-Chunfu Children's Institute of Hematology & Oncology, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Huizhou First Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junrong Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Huizhou First Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cyrus C, Vatte C, Al-Nafie A, Chathoth S, Akhtar MS, Darwish M, Almohazey D, AlDubayan SH, Steinberg MH, Al-Ali A. miRNA Expression Associated with HbF in Saudi Sickle Cell Anemia. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58101470. [PMID: 36295630 PMCID: PMC9611475 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a hereditary monogenic disease due to a single β-globin gene mutation that codes for the production of sickle hemoglobin. Its phenotype is modulated by fetal hemoglobin (HbF), a product of γ-globin genes. Exploring the molecules that regulate γ-globin genes at both transcriptional and translational levels, including microRNA (miRNA), might help identify alternative therapeutic targets. Materials and Methods: Using next-generation sequencing we identified pre-miRNAs and mature miRNA expression signatures associated with different HbF levels in patients homozygous for the sickle hemoglobin gene. The involvement of identified miRNAs in potential SCD-related pathways was investigated with the DIANA TOOL and miRWalk 2.0 database. Results: miR-184 were most highly upregulated in reticulocytes. miR-3609 and miR-483-5p were most highly downregulated in sickle cell anemia with high HbF. miR-370-3p that regulates LIN28A, and miR-451a which is effective in modulating α- and β- globin levels were also significantly upregulated. miRNA targeted gene pathway interaction identified BCL7A, BCL2L1, LIN28A, KLF6, GATA6, solute carrier family genes and ZNF genes associated with erythropoiesis, cell cycle regulation, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, cAMP, cGMP-PKG, mTOR, MAPK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways and cancer pathways. Conclusions: miRNA signatures and their target genes identified novel miRNAs that could regulate fetal hemoglobin production and might be exploited therapeutically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Cyrus
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-553241441
| | - Chittibabu Vatte
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif Al-Nafie
- Department of Pathology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34445, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahanas Chathoth
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Akhtar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Darwish
- Ministry of Health, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif 32654, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana Almohazey
- Department of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud H. AlDubayan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Martin H. Steinberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Amein Al-Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Starlard-Davenport A, Gu Q, Pace BS. Targeting Genetic Modifiers of HBG Gene Expression in Sickle Cell Disease: The miRNA Option. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:497-509. [PMID: 35553407 PMCID: PMC9098152 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common inherited hemoglobinopathy disorders that affects millions of people worldwide. Reactivation of HBG (HBG1, HBG2) gene expression and induction of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is an important therapeutic strategy for ameliorating the clinical symptoms and severity of SCD. Hydroxyurea is the only US FDA-approved drug with proven efficacy to induce HbF in SCD patients, yet serious complications have been associated with its use. Over the last three decades, numerous additional pharmacological agents that reactivate HBG transcription in vitro have been investigated, but few have proceeded to FDA approval, with the exception of arginine butyrate and decitabine; however, neither drug met the requirements for routine clinical use due to difficulties with oral delivery and inability to achieve therapeutic levels. Thus, novel approaches that produce sufficient efficacy, specificity, and sustainable HbF induction with low adverse effects are desirable. More recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained attention for their diagnostic and therapeutic potential to treat various diseases ranging from cancer to Alzheimer’s disease via targeting oncogenes and their gene products. Thus, it is plausible that miRNAs that target HBG regulatory genes may be useful for inducing HbF as a treatment for SCD. Our laboratory and others have documented the association of miRNAs with HBG activation or suppression via silencing transcriptional repressors and activators, respectively, of HBG expression. Herein, we review progress made in understanding molecular mechanisms of miRNA-mediated HBG regulation and discuss the extent to which molecular targets of HBG might be suitable prospects for development of SCD clinical therapy. Lastly, we discuss challenges with the application of miRNA delivery in vivo and provide potential strategies for overcoming barriers in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athena Starlard-Davenport
- College of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
| | - Qingqing Gu
- College of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Betty S Pace
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bravo Vázquez LA, Moreno Becerril MY, Mora Hernández EO, de León Carmona GG, Aguirre Padilla ME, Chakraborty S, Bandyopadhyay A, Paul S. The Emerging Role of MicroRNAs in Bone Diseases and Their Therapeutic Potential. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010211. [PMID: 35011442 PMCID: PMC8746945 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small (20-24 nucleotides), highly conserved, non-coding RNA molecules whose main function is the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression through sequence-specific manners, such as mRNA degradation or translational repression. Since these key regulatory molecules are implicated in several biological processes, their altered expression affects the preservation of cellular homeostasis and leads to the development of a wide range of pathologies. Over the last few years, relevant investigations have elucidated that miRNAs participate in different stages of bone growth and development. Moreover, the abnormal expression of these RNA molecules in bone cells and tissues has been significantly associated with the progression of numerous bone diseases, including osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, osteonecrosis and bone metastasis, among others. In fact, miRNAs regulate multiple pathological mechanisms, including altering either osteogenic or osteoblast differentiation, metastasis, osteosarcoma cell proliferation, and bone loss. Therefore, in this present review, aiming to impulse the research arena of the biological implications of miRNA transcriptome in bone diseases and to explore their potentiality as a theragnostic target, we summarize the recent findings associated with the clinical significance of miRNAs in these ailments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Bravo Vázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Querétaro 76130, Mexico; (L.A.B.V.); (M.Y.M.B.); (G.G.d.L.C.); (M.E.A.P.)
| | - Mariana Yunuen Moreno Becerril
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Querétaro 76130, Mexico; (L.A.B.V.); (M.Y.M.B.); (G.G.d.L.C.); (M.E.A.P.)
| | - Erick Octavio Mora Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Mexico City, Calle del Puente, No. 222 Col. Ejidos de Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14380, Mexico;
| | - Gabriela García de León Carmona
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Querétaro 76130, Mexico; (L.A.B.V.); (M.Y.M.B.); (G.G.d.L.C.); (M.E.A.P.)
| | - María Emilia Aguirre Padilla
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Querétaro 76130, Mexico; (L.A.B.V.); (M.Y.M.B.); (G.G.d.L.C.); (M.E.A.P.)
| | - Samik Chakraborty
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Anindya Bandyopadhyay
- International Rice Research Institute, Manila 4031, Philippines;
- Reliance Industries Ltd., Navi Mumbai 400701, India
| | - Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Querétaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500 Fracc. San Pablo, Querétaro 76130, Mexico; (L.A.B.V.); (M.Y.M.B.); (G.G.d.L.C.); (M.E.A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
De Simone G, Quattrocchi A, Mancini B, di Masi A, Nervi C, Ascenzi P. Thalassemias: From gene to therapy. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 84:101028. [PMID: 34649720 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Thalassemias (α, β, γ, δ, δβ, and εγδβ) are the most common genetic disorders worldwide and constitute a heterogeneous group of hereditary diseases characterized by the deficient synthesis of one or more hemoglobin (Hb) chain(s). This leads to the accumulation of unstable non-thalassemic Hb chains, which precipitate and cause intramedullary destruction of erythroid precursors and premature lysis of red blood cells (RBC) in the peripheral blood. Non-thalassemic Hbs display high oxygen affinity and no cooperativity. Thalassemias result from many different genetic and molecular defects leading to either severe or clinically silent hematologic phenotypes. Thalassemias α and β are particularly diffused in the regions spanning from the Mediterranean basin through the Middle East, Indian subcontinent, Burma, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and the Pacific Islands, whereas δβ-thalassemia is prevalent in some Mediterranean regions including Italy, Greece, and Turkey. Although in the world thalassemia and malaria areas overlap apparently, the RBC protection against malaria parasites is openly debated. Here, we provide an overview of the historical, geographic, genetic, structural, and molecular pathophysiological aspects of thalassemias. Moreover, attention has been paid to molecular and epigenetic pathways regulating globin gene expression and globin switching. Challenges of conventional standard treatments, including RBC transfusions and iron chelation therapy, splenectomy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from normal donors are reported. Finally, the progress made by rapidly evolving fields of gene therapy and gene editing strategies, already in pre-clinical and clinical evaluation, and future challenges as novel curative treatments for thalassemia are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna De Simone
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Quattrocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Biotecnologie Medico-Chirurgiche, Facoltà di Farmacia e Medicina, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Corso della Repubblica, 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mancini
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra di Masi
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Clara Nervi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Biotecnologie Medico-Chirurgiche, Facoltà di Farmacia e Medicina, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, Corso della Repubblica, 79, 04100, Latina, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 00146, Roma, Italy; Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Via della Lungara 10, 00165, Roma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang H, Chen M, Xu S, Pan Y, Zhang Y, Huang H, Xu L. Abnormal regulation of microRNAs and related genes in pediatric β-thalassemia. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23945. [PMID: 34398996 PMCID: PMC8418487 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the reactivation of γ‐globin expression in β‐thalassemia. However, the miRNA transcriptional profiles of pediatric β‐thalassemia remain unclear. Accordingly, in this study, we assessed miRNA expression in pediatric patients with β‐thalassemia. Methods Differentially expressed miRNAs in pediatric patients with β‐thalassemia were determined using microRNA sequencing. Results Hsa‐miR‐483‐3p, hsa‐let‐7f‐1‐3p, hsa‐let‐7a‐3p, hsa‐miR‐543, hsa‐miR‐433‐3p, hsa‐miR‐4435, hsa‐miR‐329‐3p, hsa‐miR‐92b‐5p, hsa‐miR‐6747‐3p and hsa‐miR‐495‐3p were significantly upregulated, whereas hsa‐miR‐4508, hsa‐miR‐20a‐5p, hsa‐let‐7b‐5p, hsa‐miR‐93‐5p, hsa‐let‐7i‐5p, hsa‐miR‐6501‐5p, hsa‐miR‐221‐3p, hsa‐let‐7g‐5p, hsa‐miR‐106a‐5p, and hsa‐miR‐17‐5p were significantly downregulated in pediatric patients with β‐thalassemia. After integrating our data with a previously published dataset, we found that hsa‐let‐7b‐5p and hsa‐let‐7i‐5p expression levels were also lower in adolescent or adult patients with β‐thalassemia. The predicted target genes of hsa‐let‐7b‐5p and hsa‐let‐7i‐5p were associated with the transforming growth factor β receptor, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/AKT, FoxO, Hippo, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathways. We also identified 12 target genes of hsa‐let‐7a‐3p and hsa‐let‐7f‐1‐3p and 21 target genes of hsa‐let‐7a‐3p and hsa‐let‐7f‐1‐3p, which were differentially expressed in patients with β‐thalassemia. Finally, we found that hsa‐miR‐190‐5p and hsa‐miR‐1278‐5p may regulate hemoglobin switching by modulation of the B‐cell lymphoma/leukemia 11A gene. Conclusion The results of the study show that several microRNAs are dysregulated in pediatric β‐thalassemia. Further, the results also indicate toward a critical role of let7 miRNAs in the pathogenesis of pediatric β‐thalassemia, which needs to be investigated further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Wang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meihuan Chen
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Xu
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yali Pan
- Medical Technology and Engineering College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|