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Oskuye ZZ, Mehri K, Mokhtari B, Bafadam S, Nemati S, Badalzadeh R. Cardioprotective effect of antioxidant combination therapy: A highlight on MitoQ plus alpha-lipoic acid beneficial impact on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in aged rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28158. [PMID: 38524576 PMCID: PMC10957437 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective (s): Considering the poor prognosis of ischemic heart disease and the diminished effectiveness of cardioprotective interventions in the elderly, it becomes necessary to investigate the interaction of aging with protection during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). This study was conducted to assess the impact of mitoquinone (MitoQ) and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) preconditioning on cardioprotection following IRI in aged rats. Methods Fifty aged male Wistar rats (22-24 months old) were divided into five groups including Sham, IR, and treatment groups receiving ALA and/or MitoQ. Treatment groups were received 100 mg/kg/day ALA by oral gavage and/or 10 mg/kg/day MitoQ by intraperitoneal injection for 14 consecutive days. An in vivo model of myocardial IRI was established through ligation of coronary artery for 30 min and it's reopening for 24 h. The left ventricles were removed at the end of reperfusion to assess oxidative stress indicators, mitochondrial function, and expression of mitochondrial dynamic genes. Myocardial infarct size (IS), hemodynamic parameters, and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level were also measured. Results Combination of MitoQ and ALA reduced oxidative stress, LDH level, and IS in aged hearts subjected to IRI. It also enhanced mitochondrial function and upregulated Mfn1, Mfn2, and Foxo1 and downregulated Drp1 and Fis1 gene expression. Co-administration of MitoQ and ALA partially restored IRI-induced hemodynamic changes to normal state. In all measured parameters, the effect of combined treatment was greater than monotherapies. Conclusion The combination therapy of MitoQ and ALA demonstrated considerable therapeutic potential in protecting the aging heart against IRI by improving oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and dynamics in aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Zavvari Oskuye
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Keyvan Mehri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Behnaz Mokhtari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Soleyman Bafadam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Samira Nemati
- Physiology Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Tsai IT, Sun CK. Stem Cell Therapy against Ischemic Heart Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3778. [PMID: 38612587 PMCID: PMC11011361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease, which is one of the top killers worldwide, encompasses a series of heart problems stemming from a compromised coronary blood supply to the myocardium. The severity of the disease ranges from an unstable manifestation of ischemic symptoms, such as unstable angina, to myocardial death, that is, the immediate life-threatening condition of myocardial infarction. Even though patients may survive myocardial infarction, the resulting ischemia-reperfusion injury triggers a cascade of inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress that poses a significant threat to myocardial function following successful revascularization. Moreover, despite evidence suggesting the presence of cardiac stem cells, the fact that cardiomyocytes are terminally differentiated and cannot significantly regenerate after injury accounts for the subsequent progression to ischemic cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart failure, despite the current advancements in cardiac medicine. In the last two decades, researchers have realized the possibility of utilizing stem cell plasticity for therapeutic purposes. Indeed, stem cells of different origin, such as bone-marrow- and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, circulation-derived progenitor cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells, have all been shown to play therapeutic roles in ischemic heart disease. In addition, the discovery of stem-cell-associated paracrine effects has triggered intense investigations into the actions of exosomes. Notwithstanding the seemingly promising outcomes from both experimental and clinical studies regarding the therapeutic use of stem cells against ischemic heart disease, positive results from fraud or false data interpretation need to be taken into consideration. The current review is aimed at overviewing the therapeutic application of stem cells in different categories of ischemic heart disease, including relevant experimental and clinical outcomes, as well as the proposed mechanisms underpinning such observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ting Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Kwan Sun
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Dachang Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 80794, Taiwan
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Ding C, Zhang C. Reducing myocardial infarction by combination of irisin and Dendrobium nobile Lindl through inhibiting nod-like receptor protein-3-related pyroptosis and activating PINK1/Parkin-mitophagy during aging. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2023; 66:351-358. [PMID: 37929346 DOI: 10.4103/cjop.cjop-d-23-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging, a crucial risk factor for ischemic heart disease, has negative impacts on cardioprotective mechanisms. As such, there is still an unmet requirement to explore potential therapies for improving the outcomes of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in elderly subjects. Here, we aimed to confirm the cardioprotective function of irisin/Dendrobium nobile Lindl (DNL) combination therapy against myocardial IR injury in aged rats, with a focus on the involvement of pyroptosis and mitophagy. Male aged Wistar rats (22-24 months old, 400-450 g; n = 54) underwent myocardial IR or sham surgery. Before IR operation, rats were pretreated with irisin (0.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and/or DNL (80 mg/kg, orally) for 1 or 4 weeks, respectively, at corresponding groups. Cardiac function, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cardiac-specific isoform of troponin-I (cTn-I) levels, the expression of proteins involved in pyroptosis (nod-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, c-caspase-1, and GSDMD-N) and mitophagy (PINK1 and Parkin), and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels were evaluated after 24 h of reperfusion. Irisin/DNL combined therapy significantly restored cardiac function and decreased LDH and cTn-I levels. It also downregulated pyroptosis-related proteins, upregulated PINK1 and Parkin, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. Pretreatment with Mdivi-1, as mitophagy inhibitor, abolished the cardioprotective action of dual therapy. This study revealed the cardioprotective effects of irisin/DNL combination therapy against IR-induced myocardial injury in aged rats, and also showed that the mechanism might be associated with suppression of NLRP3-related pyroptosis through enhancing the activity of the PINK1/Parkin mitophagy. This combination therapy is worthy of further detailed studies due to its potential to alleviate myocardial IR injury upon aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, The Nuclear Industry 417 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, XD Group Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Ala M. The beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes on myocardial infarction and critical considerations for enhancing their efficacy. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101980. [PMID: 37302757 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells with regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. MSCs and their exosomes significantly improved structural and functional alterations after myocardial infarction (MI) in preclinical studies and clinical trials. By reprograming intracellular signaling pathways, MSCs attenuate inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and improve angiogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and myocardial remodeling after MI. MSC-derived exosomes contain a mixture of non-coding RNAs, growth factors, anti-inflammatory mediators, and anti-fibrotic factors. Although primary results from clinical trials were promising, greater efficacies can be achieved by controlling several modifiable factors. The optimum timing of transplantation, route of administration, origin of MSCs, number of doses, and number of cells per dose need to be further investigated by future studies. Newly, highly effective MSC delivery systems have been developed to improve the efficacy of MSCs and their exosomes. Moreover, MSCs can be more efficacious after being pretreated with non-coding RNAs, growth factors, anti-inflammatory or inflammatory mediators, and hypoxia. Similarly, viral vector-mediated overexpression of particular genes can augment the protective effects of MSCs on MI. Therefore, future clinical trials must consider these advances in preclinical studies to properly reflect the efficacy of MSCs or their exosomes for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mokhtari B, Hosseini L, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Salehinasab R, Rajabi M, Badalzadeh R. The additive effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide and melatonin on mitochondrial biogenesis and fission/fusion, autophagy, and microRNA-499 in the aged rat heart with reperfusion injury. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1701-1711. [PMID: 36808502 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is poor in elderly patients. Aging increases the susceptibility of the heart to cell death from I/R injury and prevents the optimal effectiveness of cardioprotective modalities. Since the interaction of aging with cardioprotection is multifactorial, combination therapy may overcome the above-mentioned burden through correcting various components of the injury. Here, we explored the effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)/melatonin combination therapy on mitochondrial biogenesis and fission/fusion, autophagy, and microRNA-499 in the aged rat heart with reperfusion injury. Ex vivo model of myocardial I/R injury was established by coronary occlusion and re-opening in 30 aged male Wistar rats (400-450 g, 22-24 months old). NMN (100 mg/kg/48 h, intraperitoneally) was administered over 28 days before I/R, and melatonin (50 µM) was added to the perfusion solution at early reperfusion. CK-MB release and expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes and proteins, mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins, autophagy genes, and microRNA-499 were assessed. NMN/melatonin combination therapy concomitantly decreased CK-MB release in aged reperfused hearts (P < .001). It also upregulated SIRT1/PGC-1α/Nrf1/TFAM profiles at both gene and protein levels, Mfn2 protein, and microRNA-499 expression, and downregulated Drp1 protein and Beclin1, LC3, and p62 genes (P < .05 to P < .001). The effect of combination therapy was greater than individual ones. Co-application of NMN/melatonin within the setting of I/R injury in the aged rat heart induced noticeable cardioprotection through modulation of a coordinated network including microRNA-499 expression along with mitochondrial biogenesis associated with SIRT1/PGC-1α/Nrf1/TFAM profiles, mitochondrial fission/fusion, and autophagy, therefore, appears to prevent the burden of myocardial I/R injury in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Mokhtari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Hosseini
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Alavi Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Poul Flemming Høilund-Carlsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Raheleh Salehinasab
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Rajabi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Alavi Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Nejati-Koshki K, Mokhtari B, Badalzadeh R, Arabzadeh A, Mohammadzadeh A. Mitoprotective effect of mesenchymal stem cells-derived conditioned medium in myocardial reperfusion injury of aged rats: role of SIRT-1/PGC-1α/NRF-2 network. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08499-x. [PMID: 37199864 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aged myocardium experiences various forms of stress that cause reduction of its tolerance to injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Developing effective cardioprotective modalities to prevent the amplification of I/R injury during aging is under focus of investigation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to regenerate infarcted myocardium mostly by producing multiple secretory factors. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of mitoprotection by MSCs-conditioned medium (CM) in myocardial I/R injury of aged rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 72, 400-450 g, 22-24 months old) were randomized into groups with/without I/R and/or MSCs-CM treatment. To establish myocardial I/R injury, the method of LAD occlusion and re-opening was employed. MSCs-CM was administered intramyocardially (150 μl) at the onset of reperfusion in recipient group. After 24 h reperfusion, myocardial infarct size, LDH level, mitochondrial functional endpoints, expression of mitochondrial biogenesis-associated genes, and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. After 28 days reperfusion, echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function was performed. RESULTS MSCs-CM treatment improved myocardial function and decreased infarct size and LDH level in aged I/R rats (P < .05 to P < .001). It also decreased mitochondrial ROS formation, enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content, upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes including SIRT-1, PGC-1α, and NRF-2, and lessened TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels (P < .05 to P < .01). CONCLUSIONS MSCs-CM treatment attenuated myocardial I/R injury in aged rats, in part by improving mitochondrial function and biogenesis and restraining inflammatory reaction. the upregulation of SIRT-1/PGC-1α/NRF-2 profiles is a possible target for the mitoprotective effects of MSCs-CM following I/R injury during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Nejati-Koshki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Behnaz Mokhtari
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - AmirAhmad Arabzadeh
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Yin X, Yin X, Pan X, Zhang J, Fan X, Li J, Zhai X, Jiang L, Hao P, Wang J, Chen Y. Post-myocardial infarction fibrosis: Pathophysiology, examination, and intervention. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1070973. [PMID: 37056987 PMCID: PMC10086160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1070973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis plays an indispensable role in cardiac tissue homeostasis and repair after myocardial infarction (MI). The cardiac fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix collagen deposition are the hallmarks of cardiac fibrosis, which are modulated by multiple signaling pathways and various types of cells in time-dependent manners. Our understanding of the development of cardiac fibrosis after MI has evolved in basic and clinical researches, and the regulation of fibrotic remodeling may facilitate novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and finally improve outcomes. Here, we aim to elaborate pathophysiology, examination and intervention of cardiac fibrosis after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yin
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxin Yin
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinhui Fan
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhai
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Panpan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Farag A, Mandour AS, Hendawy H, Elhaieg A, Elfadadny A, Tanaka R. A review on experimental surgical models and anesthetic protocols of heart failure in rats. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1103229. [PMID: 37051509 PMCID: PMC10083377 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1103229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a serious health and economic burden worldwide, and its prevalence is continuously increasing. Current medications effectively moderate the progression of symptoms, and there is a need for novel preventative and reparative treatments. The development of novel HF treatments requires the testing of potential therapeutic procedures in appropriate animal models of HF. During the past decades, murine models have been extensively used in fundamental and translational research studies to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of HF and develop more effective methods to prevent and control congestive HF. Proper surgical approaches and anesthetic protocols are the first steps in creating these models, and each successful approach requires a proper anesthetic protocol that maintains good recovery and high survival rates after surgery. However, each protocol may have shortcomings that limit the study's outcomes. In addition, the ethical regulations of animal welfare in certain countries prohibit the use of specific anesthetic agents, which are widely used to establish animal models. This review summarizes the most common and recent surgical models of HF and the anesthetic protocols used in rat models. We will highlight the surgical approach of each model, the use of anesthesia, and the limitations of the model in the study of the pathophysiology and therapeutic basis of common cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Farag
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Farag
| | - Ahmed S. Mandour
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Ahmed S. Mandour
| | - Hanan Hendawy
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Asmaa Elhaieg
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Ahmed Elfadadny
- Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Ryou Tanaka
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9
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Mokhtari B, Badalzadeh R. Mitochondria-targeted combination treatment strategy counteracts myocardial reperfusion injury of aged rats by modulating autophagy and inflammatory response. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3973-3983. [PMID: 36829080 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging, as a recognized risk factor for ischemic heart disease, interferes with protective mechanisms and abolishes the optimal effectiveness of cardioprotective interventions, leading to the loss of cardioprotection following myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study was designed to explore the possible interaction of aging with cardioprotection induced by combination therapy with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and mitochondrial transplantation in myocardial I/R injury of aged rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 72, 400-450 g, 22-24 months old) were randomized into groups with/without I/R and/or CoQ10 and mitochondrial transplantation, alone or in a combinational mode. An in vivo model of myocardial I/R injury was established by left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and re-opening. Mitochondria were isolated from donor rats and injected intramyocardially (150 µl of the mitochondrial suspension containing 2 × 105±0.3 × 105 mitochondria) at the onset of reperfusion in recipient groups. CoQ10 (20 mg/kg/day) was injected intramuscularly for 7 days before I/R operation. Lastly, myocardial function, cTn-I level, expression of autophagy-associated proteins (Beclin1, p62, and LC3-II/LC3-I), and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were assessed. RESULTS Co-application of CoQ10 and mitotherapy concomitantly improved myocardial function and decreased cTn-I level in aged reperfused hearts (P < .001). This combination therapy also modulated autophagic activity and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines (P < .01 to P < .001). This combinational approach induced noticeable cardioprotection in comparison with monotherapies-received groups. CONCLUSION We found that combination of CoQ10 and mitochondrial transplantation attenuated myocardial I/R injury in aged rats, in part by modulating autophagy and inflammatory response, hence, appears to restore aging-related loss of cardioprotection in aged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Mokhtari
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Mokhtari B, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Chodari L, Yasami M, Badalzadeh R, Ghaffari S. Melatonin/nicotinamide mononucleotide/ubiquinol: a cocktail providing superior cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in a common co-morbidities modelled rat. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3525-3537. [PMID: 36787055 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic and intracellular abnormalities in aging and diabetes cause loss of cardioprotection by routine interventions against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We aimed to evaluate the possible interaction of aging and type-2 diabetes mellitus with cardioprotection and the potential protective effect of a mitochondrial cocktail (melatonin/nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)/ubiquinol) on myocardial I/R injury in aged diabetic rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 108, 22-24 months old, 400-450 g) received high-fat diet/low dose of streptozotocin to induce type-2 diabetes, then were randomized into 9 groups of 12 rats each with/without I/R and/or melatonin, NMN, and ubiquinol, alone or in dual or triple combinations. Myocardial I/R was induced by LAD occlusion for 30 min followed by 24 h reperfusion. NMN (100 mg/kg/48 h, intraperitoneally) was administered for 28 days before I/R operation. Melatonin (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and/or ubiquinol (30 mg/kg, intravenously) were administered at early reperfusion. Finally, hemodynamic index changes, infarct size, CK-MB levels, mitochondrial functional endpoints, and expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes (SIRT-1/PGC-1α/NRF-2/TFAM) were assessed. RESULTS The solo and dual applications of melatonin, NMN, and ubiquinol did not exert remarkable cardioprotective impacts. However, the triple combination improved myocardial function and decreased infarct size and CK-MB levels following myocardial I/R (P < .05 to P < .01). It also improved mitochondrial function and restored mitochondrial biogenesis genes (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy with melatonin, NMN, and ubiquinol exerted significant cardioprotection and improved mitochondrial function and biogenesis via upregulation of SIRT-1/PGC-1α/NRF-2/TFAM profiles in aged diabetic rats and, thus, offers a promising strategy for providing noticeable cardioprotection against I/R injury also in aged diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Mokhtari
- Alavi Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Poul Flemming Høilund-Carlsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Leila Chodari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Masoud Yasami
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Samad Ghaffari
- Alavi Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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11
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Mokhtari B, Abdi A, Athari SZ, Nozad-Charoudeh H, Alihemmati A, Badalzadeh R. Effect of troxerutin on the expression of genes regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and microRNA-140 in doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 28:35. [PMID: 37213461 PMCID: PMC10199378 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_120_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Application of doxorubicin (DOX) in cancer patients is limited due to its dose-dependent toxicity to nontarget tissues such as testis and subsequent infertility. Due to limitation of our knowledge about the mechanisms of DOX toxicity in the reproductive system, reduction of DOX-induced testicular toxicity remains an actual and primary clinical challenge. Considering the potentials of troxerutin (TXR) in generating a protective phenotype in many tissues, we aimed to examine the effect of TXR on DOX-induced testicular toxicity by evaluating the histological changes and the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes and microRNA-140 (miR-140). Materials and Methods Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were divided in groups with/without DOX and/or TXR. DOX was injected intraperitoneally at 6 consecutive doses over 12 days (cumulative dose: 12 mg/kg). TXR (150 mg/kg/day; orally) was administered for 4 weeks before DOX challenge. One week after the last injection of DOX, testicular histopathological changes, spermatogenesis activity, and expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes and miR-140 were determined. Results DOX challenge significantly increased testicular histopathological changes, decreased testicular expression profiles of sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1) and nuclear respiratory factor-2 (NRF-2), and increased expression of miR-140 (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01). Pretreatment of DOX-received rats with TXR significantly reversed testicular histopathological changes, spermatogenesis activity index, and the expression levels of SIRT-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), NRF-2, and miR-140 (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01). Conclusion Reduction of DOX-induced testicular toxicity following TXR pretreatment was associated with upregulation of SIRT-1/PGC-1α/NRF-2 profiles and better regulation of miR-140 expression. It seems that improving microRNA-mitochondrial biogenesis network can play a role in the beneficial effect of TXR on DOX-induced testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Mokhtari
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezou Abdi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Zanyar Athari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Alihemmati
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Address for correspondence: Prof. Reza Badalzadeh, Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. E-mail:
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12
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Mokhtari B, Badalzadeh R. Protective and deleterious effects of autophagy in the setting of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: an overview. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11081-11099. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Combination of nicotinamide mononucleotide and troxerutin induces full protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by modulating mitochondrial biogenesis and inflammatory response. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8209-8218. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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14
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Mokhtari B, Yavari R, Badalzadeh R, Mahmoodpoor A. An Overview on Mitochondrial-Based Therapies in Sepsis-Related Myocardial Dysfunction: Mitochondrial Transplantation as a Promising Approach. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2022; 2022:3277274. [PMID: 35706715 PMCID: PMC9192296 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3277274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ failure due to dysregulated host response to infection. Despite current advances in our knowledge about sepsis, it is still considered as a major global health challenge. Myocardial dysfunction is a well-defined manifestation of sepsis which is related to worse outcomes in septic patients. Given that the heart is a mitochondria-rich organ and the normal function of mitochondria is essential for successful modulation of septic response, the contribution of mitochondrial damage in sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction has attracted the attention of many scientists. It is widely accepted that mitochondrial damage is involved in sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction; however, effective and potential treatment modalities in clinical setting are still lacking. Mitochondrial-based therapies are potential approaches in sepsis treatment. Although various therapeutic strategies have been used for mitochondrial function improvement, their effects are limited when mitochondria undergo irreversible alterations under septic challenge. Therefore, application of more effective approaches such as mitochondrial transplantation has been suggested. This review highlights the crucial role of mitochondrial damage in sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction, then provides an overview on mitochondrial-based therapies and current approaches to mitochondrial transplantation as a novel strategy, and proposes future directions for more researches in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Mokhtari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Yavari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Intensive Care Unit, Emam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Evidence-Based Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Gholami S, Mokhtari B, Badalzadeh R. Alpha-lipoic acid potentiates the anti-arrhythmic effects of ischemic postconditioning in the setting of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:707-716. [PMID: 35673476 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Prevention of lethal ventricular arrhythmias induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in diabetic patients is the major goal of cardioprotective strategies. Here, we aimed to examine the anti-arrhythmic effect of ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in myocardial I/R injury of type-II diabetic rats, focusing on the involvement of connexin-43 and nitric oxide (NO) in this context. Methods Diabetes (duration of 12 weeks) was induced by high-fat diet and low dose of streptozotocin in thirty male Wistar rats (12 weeks old, 200-250 g). After mounting the hearts on the Langendorff apparatus, I/R was induced by the ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery for 35 min, and reperfusion for 60 min. ALA (100 mg/kg/day) was administered orally in diabetic rats for five weeks before I/R. IPostC was applied immediately at early reperfusion. The arrhythmias were evaluated according to the Lambeth convention. Connexin-43 expression and NO levels were assessed by western blotting and Griess calorimetric method, respectively. Results IPostC could not significantly decrease the number, duration, and incidence of premature ventricular contraction, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation, also the severity of arrhythmias in diabetic hearts. However, IPostC in combination with ALA-preconditioning significantly decreased the above mentioned parameters compared with untreated or monotherapies-received diabetic rats (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). Furthermore, this combination therapy significantly increased connexin-43 expression and NO levels, compared with untreated diabetic rats (P < 0.01). Conclusion Preconditioning with ALA restored anti-arrhythmic effect of IPostC in diabetic hearts. Increased connexin-43 expression and NO levels may be the key players in this cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Gholami
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Behnaz Mokhtari
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Fan C, Wang Q, Chen Y, Ye T, Fan Y. Exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells attenuate myocardial fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro via autophagy activation: the key role of miR-199a-3p/mTOR pathway. Hum Cell 2022; 35:817-835. [PMID: 35190954 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy suppression plays key a role during myocardial fibrosis (MF) progression. Exosomes from stem cells attenuate MF. The current study aimed to explain the antifibrosis effects of exosomes by focusing on microRNAs (miRs). MF was induced in rats using transverse aortic constriction (TAC) method and handled with exosomes from bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The results of in vivo assays were verified with H9c2 cells. MiR expression profile was determined using microarray detection. The influence of miR-199a-3p modulation in vivo and in vitro on the antifibrosis effect of exosomes then was assessed. Exosomes attenuated MF by inhibiting inflammation, improving tissue structure, and inhibiting fibrosis-related indicators in TAC rats, and the effects were associated with autophagy activation. In H9c2 cells, exosomes suppressed cell viability, induced cell apoptosis, inhibited fibrosis-related indicators, while and the inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA would block the effect of exosomes. Based on the microarray detection, miR-199a-3p level was selected as therapeutic target. The inhibition of miR-199a-3p impaired the antifibrosis effects of exosomes on H9c2 cells, which was associated with autophagy inhibition. Collectively, exosomes from BMSCs exerted antifibrosis effects via the distant transfer of miR-199a-3p to heart tissues, which induced autophagy by inhibiting mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenrong Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, No. 333 Chuan'an South Road, Chengxi Street, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qizeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, No. 333 Chuan'an South Road, Chengxi Street, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youjin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, No. 333 Chuan'an South Road, Chengxi Street, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, No. 333 Chuan'an South Road, Chengxi Street, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuncao Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, No. 333 Chuan'an South Road, Chengxi Street, Wenling, 317500, Zhejiang, China.
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Alpha-lipoic acid preconditioning plus ischemic postconditioning provides additional protection against myocardial reperfusion injury of diabetic rats: modulation of autophagy and mitochondrial function. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:1773-1782. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06987-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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The potentials of distinct functions of autophagy to be targeted for attenuation of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in preclinical studies: an up-to-date review. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:377-404. [PMID: 34173955 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite remarkable advances in our knowledge about the function of autophagy in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, the debate continues over whether autophagy is protective or deleterious in cardiac I/R. Due to the complexity of autophagy signaling, autophagy can play a dual role in the pathological processes of myocardial I/R injury. Thus, more researches are needed to shed light on the complex roles of autophagy in cardioprotection for the future clinical development. Such researches can lead to the finding of new therapeutic strategies for improving cardiac I/R outcomes in patients. Several preclinical studies have targeted autophagy flux as a beneficial strategy against myocardial I/R injury. In this review, we aimed to discuss the complex contribution of autophagy in myocardial I/R injury, as well as the therapeutic agents that have been shown to be useful in reducing myocardial I/R injury by targeting autophagy. For this reason, we provided an updated summary of the data from in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro experimental studies about the therapeutic agents that exert positive effects against myocardial I/R injury by modulating autophagy flux. By addressing these valuable studies, we try to provide a motivation for the promising hypothesis of "autophagy modulation as a therapeutic strategy against cardiac I/R" in the future clinical studies.
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