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Sun Y, Qu H, Niu X, Li T, Wang L, Peng H. Carvacrol improves blood lipid and glucose in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus by regulating short-chain fatty acids and the GPR41/43 pathway. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 28:1-10. [PMID: 38154959 PMCID: PMC10762484 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2024.28.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Carvacrol (CAR) has demonstrated the potential to mitigate dyslipidemia. This study aims to investigate whether CAR can modulate blood glucose and lipid levels in a T2DM rat model by regulating short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the GPR41/43 pathway. The T2DM rat model was induced by a high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozocin injection and treated with oral CAR and/or mixed antibiotics. Fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance tests were assessed. Serum lipid parameters, hepatic and renal function indicators, tissue morphology, and SCFAs were measured. In vitro, high glucose (HG)-induced IEC-6 cells were treated with CAR, and optimal CAR concentration was determined. HG-induced IEC-6 cells were treated with SCFAs or/and GPR41/43 agonists. CAR significantly reduced blood lipid and glucose levels, improved tissue damage, and increased SCFA levels in feces and GPR41/43 expression in colonic tissues of T2DM rats. CAR also attenuated HG-induced apoptosis of IEC-6 cells and enhanced GPR41/43 expression. Overall, these findings suggest that CAR alleviates blood lipid and glucose abnormalities in T2DM rats by modulating SCFAs and the GPR41/43 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Heji Hospital Affilicated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046011, China
| | - Hai Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Heji Hospital Affilicated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046011, China
| | - Xiaohong Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Heji Hospital Affilicated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046011, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Heji Hospital Affilicated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046011, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Heji Hospital Affilicated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046011, China
| | - Hairui Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Heji Hospital Affilicated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046011, China
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Uyar A, Cellat M, Kanat Ö, Etyemez M, Kutlu T, Deveci MYZ, Yavaş İ, Kuzu M. Carvacrol showed a curative effect on reproductive toxicity caused by Bisphenol AF via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 121:108456. [PMID: 37586593 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol AF (BPAF) is an endocrine disruptor, and human exposure to these chemicals is growing in industrialized nations. BPAF has been demonstrated in studies to have toxic effects on reproductive health. This study examined the effects of oral exposure to BPAF on the reproductive system and the protective effects of carvacrol in rats. From 32 Wistar albino rats, four separate groups were set up for this purpose. Carvacrol 75 mg/kg and BPAF 200 mg/kg were administered by oral gavage method. Rat sperm parameters and serum testosterone levels were measured after 28 days of administration. The study looked at the MDA in the testis tissues, as well as CAT, GPx, and GSH as antioxidants parameters, NF-κB and TNF-α as inflammatory markers, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 as apoptosis parameters, and PCNA as cell proliferation markers. In addition, testis tissues underwent histological evaluation. As a result, in rats exposed to only BPAF, sperm counts declined, testosterone levels reduced, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis increased, and cell proliferation decreased. Furthermore, severe disruptions in tissue architecture and decreased spermatogenesis were reported. In contrast, sperm parameters improved, testosterone levels increased, oxidative stress and inflammation decreased, and apoptosis was prevented in the carvacrol-treated group compared to the BPAF-only group. It was also found that spermatogenesis was maintained, and structural abnormalities in testicular tissue were mostly avoided with an increase in PCNA expression. According to the findings, despite BPAF-induced testicular and reproductive toxicity, carvacrol had therapeutic potential due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cell proliferation-increasing, and anti-apoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Uyar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye.
| | - Mustafa Cellat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Özgür Kanat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkiye
| | - Muhammed Etyemez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Tuncer Kutlu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Mehmet Yılmaz Zeki Deveci
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - İlker Yavaş
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Müslüm Kuzu
- Karabuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Karabuk, Turkiye
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Wang Z, Chen H, Rong C, Li A, Hua X, Dong D, Liang D, Liu H. Photocatalytic Degradation of Acetaminophen in Aqueous Environments: A Mini Review. TOXICS 2023; 11:604. [PMID: 37505569 PMCID: PMC10386104 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, acetaminophen (ACT), a typical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has gained global usage, positioning itself as one of the most extensively consumed medications. However, the incomplete metabolism of ACT leads to a substantial discharge into the environment, classifying it as an environmental contaminant with detrimental effects on non-target organisms. Various wastewater treatment technologies have been developed for ACT removal to mitigate its potential environmental risk. Particularly, photocatalytic technology has garnered significant attention as it exhibits high efficiency in oxidizing and degrading a wide range of organic pollutants. This comprehensive review aims to systematically examine and discuss the application of photocatalytic technology for the removal of ACT from aqueous environments. Additionally, the study provides a detailed overview of the limitations associated with the photocatalytic degradation of ACT in practical applications, along with effective strategies to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Haijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chang Rong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Anfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiuyi Hua
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Deming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dapeng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Bazmandegan G, Kamiab Z, Shafiei A, Khademalhosseini M, Kaeidi A. Calcium Dobesilate Ameliorates Cisplatin-induced Hepatotoxicity by Inhibiting Liver Oxidative Stress in Mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2023; 22:e126613. [PMID: 38116553 PMCID: PMC10728838 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-126613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Cisplatin has potent antitumor properties. It has several toxic side effects, such as hepatotoxicity. It is thought that hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin is caused by oxidative stress. Objectives It has shown that calcium dobesilate (CD) has potent antioxidant properties. The present study aimed to assess CD protective effects on cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Methods In this study, 28 mice were selected randomly and were divided into four groups, including control, cisplatin (20 mg/kg, i.p., only on the first day of the experiment), Cisplatin+CD 50 (50 mg/kg CD, orally), and Cisplatin+CD 100 (cisplatin with 100 mg/kg CD, orally). A 4-day oral gavage of CD was applied to the treated groups. The mice were sacrificed on the 5th day, and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activity levels in liver tissue were evaluated. Histopathological evaluation was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin-stained liver tissue sections. Results The results indicated that there was a significant increase in GSPT, SGOT, ALP, and MDA and also a significant reduction in the liver activity of SOD and GPx in cisplatin-treated animals. Treatment with CD (100 mg/kg) remarkably attenuated the GSPT, SGOT, ALP, MDA, and ROS levels. Moreover, CD (100 mg/kg) elevated the SOD and GPx activity in the liver tissue of cisplatin-treated mice. Conclusions The findings showed that CD has a protective effect against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity, at least by improving the antioxidant parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Bazmandegan
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Kamiab
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Amirmohammad Shafiei
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Morteza Khademalhosseini
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ayat Kaeidi
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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