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Ghafoor S, Abbasi MH, Khawar MB, Tayyeb A, Saleem T, Ashfaq I, Sheikh N. Bisphenol S induced dysregulations in liver; iron regulatory genes and inflammatory mediators in male Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:83711-83722. [PMID: 35771333 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21672-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS), an analog of bisphenol A (BPA), has been frequently detected in consumer products, food wrappers, plastics, and thermal papers. Since the liver is a hub of metabolic and detoxification pathways, thus intimately related to BPS presence in the environment and body. The current study was designed to investigate the effects of BPS administration in an animal model. Twenty-five male Wistar rats weighing 175 ± 25 g were randomly divided into control and treated groups. The control group was further divided into group I (no treatment) and group II (corn oil), whereas the treatment group was divided into D-I (40 mg/kg/day), D-II (200 mg/kg/day), and D-III (400 mg/kg/day) groups, getting oral doses of BPS for 15 days. Data analysis showed a significant statistical increase in hepatic enzymes ALT (33.4%), AST (25.4%), and ALP (529.6%) in the D-III group along with the development of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in all BPS groups. Aberrant mRNA expressions of some key hepatic iron regulatory genes and inflammatory mediators were evident through qRT-PCR. Bisphenol S caused congestion of central vein from mild to moderate in hepatic sections. In conclusion, our investigation insinuates BPS intoxication potential and therefore may not be a safe alternative to BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Ghafoor
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Q-A-Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Asima Tayyeb
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), University of the Punjab, Q-A-Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Saleem
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Q-A-Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Isbah Ashfaq
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), University of the Punjab, Q-A-Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Q-A-Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
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Ott F, Körner C, Werner K, Gericke M, Liebscher I, Lobsien D, Radrezza S, Shevchenko A, Hofmann U, Kratzsch J, Gebhardt R, Berg T, Matz-Soja M. Hepatic Hedgehog Signaling Participates in the Crosstalk between Liver and Adipose Tissue in Mice by Regulating FGF21. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101680. [PMID: 35626717 PMCID: PMC9139566 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog signaling pathway regulates many processes during embryogenesis and the homeostasis of adult organs. Recent data suggest that central metabolic processes and signaling cascades in the liver are controlled by the Hedgehog pathway and that changes in hepatic Hedgehog activity also affect peripheral tissues, such as the reproductive organs in females. Here, we show that hepatocyte-specific deletion of the Hedgehog pathway is associated with the dramatic expansion of adipose tissue in mice, the overall phenotype of which does not correspond to the classical outcome of insulin resistance-associated diabetes type 2 obesity. Rather, we show that alterations in the Hedgehog signaling pathway in the liver lead to a metabolic phenotype that is resembling metabolically healthy obesity. Mechanistically, we identified an indirect influence on the hepatic secretion of the fibroblast growth factor 21, which is regulated by a series of signaling cascades that are directly transcriptionally linked to the activity of the Hedgehog transcription factor GLI1. The results of this study impressively show that the metabolic balance of the entire organism is maintained via the activity of morphogenic signaling pathways, such as the Hedgehog cascade. Obviously, several pathways are orchestrated to facilitate liver metabolic status to peripheral organs, such as adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritzi Ott
- Rudolf-Schönheimer Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.O.); (C.K.); (K.W.); (I.L.); (R.G.)
- Division of Hepatology, Clinic and Polyclinic for Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, and Pneumology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Christiane Körner
- Rudolf-Schönheimer Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.O.); (C.K.); (K.W.); (I.L.); (R.G.)
- Division of Hepatology, Clinic and Polyclinic for Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, and Pneumology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Kim Werner
- Rudolf-Schönheimer Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.O.); (C.K.); (K.W.); (I.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute for Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Ines Liebscher
- Rudolf-Schönheimer Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.O.); (C.K.); (K.W.); (I.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Donald Lobsien
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Helios Clinic Erfurt, 99089 Erfurt, Germany;
- Institute for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Silvia Radrezza
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tübingen, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Rudolf-Schönheimer Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.O.); (C.K.); (K.W.); (I.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Thomas Berg
- Division of Hepatology, Clinic and Polyclinic for Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, and Pneumology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Madlen Matz-Soja
- Rudolf-Schönheimer Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (F.O.); (C.K.); (K.W.); (I.L.); (R.G.)
- Division of Hepatology, Clinic and Polyclinic for Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, and Pneumology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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