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Kamara MM, Mansour E, Khalaf AEA, Eid MAM, Hassanin AA, Abdelghany AM, Kheir AMS, Galal AA, Behiry SI, Silvar C, El-Hendawy S. Molecular Diversity and Combining Ability in Newly Developed Maize Inbred Lines under Low-Nitrogen Conditions. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:641. [PMID: 38792661 PMCID: PMC11122723 DOI: 10.3390/life14050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential element for maize growth, but excessive application can lead to various environmental and ecological issues, including water pollution, air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity loss. Hence, developing maize hybrids resilient to low-N conditions is vital for sustainable agriculture, particularly in nitrogen-deficient soils. Combining ability and genetic relationships among parental lines is crucial for breeding superior hybrids under diverse nitrogen levels. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity of maize inbred lines using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and evaluate their combining ability to identify superior hybrids under low-N and recommended conditions. Local and exotic inbred lines were genotyped using SSR markers, revealing substantial genetic variation with high gene diversity (He = 0.60), moderate polymorphism information content (PIC = 0.54), and an average of 3.64 alleles per locus. Twenty-one F1 hybrids were generated through a diallel mating design using these diverse lines. These hybrids and a high yielding commercial check (SC-131) were field-tested under low-N and recommended N conditions. Significant variations (p < 0.01) were observed among nitrogen levels, hybrids, and their interaction for all recorded traits. Additive genetic variances predominated over non-additive genetic variances for grain yield and most traits. Inbred IL3 emerged as an effective combiner for developing early maturing genotypes with lower ear placement. Additionally, inbreds IL1, IL2, and IL3 showed promise as superior combiners for enhancing grain yield and related traits under both low-N and recommended conditions. Notably, hybrids IL1×IL4, IL2×IL5, IL2×IL6, and IL5×IL7 exhibited specific combining abilities for increasing grain yield and associated traits under low-N stress conditions. Furthermore, strong positive associations were identified between grain yield and specific traits like plant height, ear length, number of rows per ear, and number of kernels per row. Due to their straightforward measurability, these relationships underscore the potential of using these traits as proxies for indirect selection in early breeding generations, particularly under low-N stress. This research contributes to breeding nitrogen-efficient maize hybrids and advances our understanding of the genetic foundations for tolerance to nitrogen limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Kamara
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (M.M.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed E. A. Khalaf
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (A.E.A.K.); (M.A.M.E.)
| | - Mohamed A. M. Eid
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt; (A.E.A.K.); (M.A.M.E.)
| | - Abdallah A. Hassanin
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Abdelghany
- Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. S. Kheir
- Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. Galal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (M.M.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Said I. Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt;
| | - Cristina Silvar
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioloxía Evolutiva, CICA—Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Salah El-Hendawy
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang Y, Chen J, Gao Z, Wang H, Liang D, Guo Q, Zhang X, Fan X, Wu Y, Liu Q. Identification of heterosis and combining ability in the hybrids of male sterile and restorer sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] lines. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296416. [PMID: 38166022 PMCID: PMC10760902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], combining ability and heterosis analysis are commonly used to evaluate superior parental lines and to screen for strongly heterotic hybrids, which helps in sorghum variety selection and breeding. In this context, combining ability and heterosis analysis were assessed using 14 restorer lines and seven cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines in 2019 and 2020. The analysis of variance of all cross combinations had highly significant differences for all characters studied, which indicated a wide variation across the parents, lines, testers, and crosses. Combining ability analysis showed that the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of the different parents were differed significantly among different traits. Most combinations with high SCA also showed high GCA in their parent lines. The heritability in the narrow sense of grain weight per panicle and grain yield was relatively low, indicating that the ability of these traits to be directly inherited by offspring was weak, that they were greatly affected by the environment. The better-parent heterosis for plant height, grain weight per panicle, panicle length, and 1000-grain weight was consistent with the order of mid-parent heterosis from strong to weak. The GCA effects of two lines 10480A, 3765A and three testers 0-30R, R111, and JY15R were significant for the majority of the agronomic traits including grain yield and might be used for improving the yield of grains in sorghum as parents of excellent specific combining ability. Seven strongly heterotic F1 hybrids were screened; of these, hybrids 3765A × R111, 1102A × L2R, and 3765A × JY15R showed significant increases in seed iristectorigenin A content and will feature into the creation of new sorghum varieties rich in iristectorigenin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhong Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuci, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding (in preparation), State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiyan Wang
- Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuci, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding (in preparation), State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Du Liang
- Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuci, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding (in preparation), State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Guo
- Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuci, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding (in preparation), State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuci, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding (in preparation), State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinqi Fan
- Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuci, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding (in preparation), State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingshan Liu
- National Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding (in preparation), State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
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Kim J, Chang YH, Lee Y. Effects of NaCl on the Physical Properties of Cornstarch-Methyl Cellulose Blend and on Its Gel Prepared with Rice Flour in a Model System. Foods 2023; 12:4390. [PMID: 38137196 PMCID: PMC10742538 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of NaCl on the physical properties of cornstarch-methyl cellulose (CS-MC) mixtures and their gels prepared with rice flour in a model system. Opposite trends were observed, showing that NaCl led to decreased viscosity of the CS-MC mixtures (liquid-based), whereas a more stable and robust structure was observed for the rice-flour-added gels (solid-based) with the addition of NaCl. The interference of NaCl with the CS-MS blend's ability to form a stable gel network resulted in a thinner consistency, as the molecules of the CS-MS blend may not bind together as effectively. On the contrary, NaCl showed the potential to enhance the protein network within CS-MC gels prepared with rice flour, thereby contributing to an augmentation in the stability or firmness of the cooked gels. Careful utilization of NaCl to optimize the physical properties of the CS-MC blends, as well as the gels based on rice flour, should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yoon Hyuk Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea;
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Lu C, Li L, Liu X, Chen M, Wan S, Li G. Salt Stress Inhibits Photosynthesis and Destroys Chloroplast Structure by Downregulating Chloroplast Development-Related Genes in Robinia pseudoacacia Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1283. [PMID: 36986971 PMCID: PMC10054032 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is an important factor limiting food security and ecological stability. As a commonly used greening tree species, Robinia pseudoacacia often suffers from salt stress that can manifest as leaf yellowing, decreased photosynthesis, disintegrated chloroplasts, growth stagnation, and even death. To elucidate how salt stress decreases photosynthesis and damages photosynthetic structures, we treated R. pseudoacacia seedlings with different concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM) for 2 weeks and then measured their biomass, ion content, organic soluble substance content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic parameters, chloroplast ultrastructure, and chloroplast development-related gene expression. NaCl treatment significantly decreased biomass and photosynthetic parameters, but increased ion content, organic soluble substances, and ROS content. High NaCl concentrations (100-200 mM) also led to distorted chloroplasts, scattered and deformed grana lamellae, disintegrated thylakoid structures, irregularly swollen starch granules, and larger, more numerous lipid spheres. Compared to control (0 mM NaCl), the 50 mM NaCl treatment significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activity while upregulating the expression of the ion transport-related genes Na+/H+ exchanger 1(NHX 1) and salt overly sensitive 1 (SOS 1) and the chloroplast development-related genes psaA, psbA, psaB, psbD, psaC, psbC, ndhH, ndhE, rps7, and ropA. Additionally, high concentrations of NaCl (100-200 mM) decreased antioxidant enzyme activity and downregulated the expression of ion transport- and chloroplast development-related genes. These results showed that although R. pseudoacacia can tolerate low concentrations of NaCl, high concentrations (100-200 mM) can damage chloroplast structure and disturb metabolic processes by downregulating gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxia Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Dezhou Graduate School, North University of China, Kangbo Road, Dezhou 253034, China
| | - Xiuling Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Min Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shubo Wan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guowei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
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