1
|
Rizk SM, Magdy M. An indigenous inland genotype of the black yeast Hortaea werneckii inhabiting the great pyramid of Giza, Egypt. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:997495. [PMID: 36225378 PMCID: PMC9549061 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.997495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the context of cultural heritage conservation, the biological study of tangible archeological sites is an important task to extend their existence and strengthen the transmission of their cultural value to future generations. In Egypt, a hyper-arid region, a microcolonial fungus with inky black growth was observed on a stone surface in the royal corridor of the Great Pyramid of Giza (King Khufu’s pyramid). The isolate was studied and characterized by microscopic morphometric measurements, evaluation of enzymatic activities, and genotyping techniques. The isolate was identified as Hortaea werneckii, a pleomorphic black yeast that naturally inhabits hypersaline environments and infects human skin. It has been reported from humid temperate, subtropical, and tropical zones, mainly from marine habitats and adjacent areas, and is associated with marine life. Since it was observed in an unusual habitat, it raises the question of its type and origin, whether environmental or clinical. The Egyptian Hortaea werneckii GPS5 isolate was profiled and characterized by adaptive extremophilic tolerance to arid salt stress, low portability to infect human skin, and the capability of solubilizing calcite; besides it was phylogenetically clustered with previous recorded environmental accessions. A profile that matches the biodeterioration fungal agents known as rock-inhabiting fungi, a potential threat to cultural heritage sites that requires attention and prevention plans.
Collapse
|
2
|
Félix CR, Nascimento BEDS, Valente P, Landell MF. Different plant compartments, different yeasts: the example of the bromeliad phyllosphere. Yeast 2022; 39:363-400. [PMID: 35715939 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant phyllosphere is one of the largest sources of microorganisms, including yeasts. In bromeliads, the knowledge of yeasts is dispersed and still incipient. To understand the extent of our knowledge on the subject, this review proposes to compile and synthesize existing knowledge, elucidating possible patterns, biotechnological and taxonomic potentials, bringing to light new knowledge, and identifying information gaps. For such, we systematically review scientific production on yeasts in bromeliads using various databases. The results indicated that the plant compartments flowers, fruits, leaves, and water tank (phytotelma) have been studied when focusing on the yeast community in the bromeliad phyllosphere. More than 180 species of yeasts and yeast-like fungi were recorded from the phyllosphere, 70% were exclusively found in one of these four compartments and only 2% were shared among all. In addition, most of the community had a low frequency of occurrence, and approximately half of the species had a single record. Variables such as bromeliad subfamilies and functional types, as well as plant compartments, were statistically significant, though inconclusive and with low explanatory power. At least 50 yeast species with some biotechnological potentials have been isolated from bromeliads. More than 90% of these species were able to produce extracellular enzymes. In addition, other biotechnological applications have also been recorded. Moreover, new species have been described, though yeasts were only exploited in approximately 1% of the existing bromeliads species, which highlights that there is still much to be explored. Nevertheless, it appears that we are still far from recovering the completeness of the diversity of yeasts in this host. Furthermore, bromeliads proved to be a good ecological model for prospecting new yeasts and for studies on the interaction between plants and yeasts. In addition, the yeast community diverged among plant compartments, establishing bromeliads as a microbiologically complex and heterogeneous mosaic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Ramon Félix
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Maceió, AL, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Diversidade Biológica e Conservação nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Valente
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Melissa Fontes Landell
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Czachura P, Owczarek-Kościelniak M, Piątek M. Salinomyces polonicus: A moderately halophilic kin of the most extremely halotolerant fungus Hortaea werneckii. Fungal Biol 2021; 125:459-468. [PMID: 34024593 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A clade where the most halotolerant fungus in the world - Hortaea werneckii, belongs (hereafter referred to as Hortaea werneckii lineage) includes five species: Hortaea werneckii, H. thailandica, Stenella araguata, Eupenidiella venezuelensis, and Magnuscella marina, of which the first species attracts increasing attention of mycologists. The species diversity and phylogenetic relationships within this lineage are weakly known. In this study two moderately halophilic black yeast strains were isolated from brine of graduation tower in Poland. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (=ITS), rDNA 28S D1-D2 (=LSU), and RNA polymerase II (rpb2) sequences showed that the two strains belong to Hortaea werneckii lineage but cannot be assigned to any described taxa. Accordingly, a new genus and species, Salinomyces and Salinomyces polonicus, are described for this fungus. Furthermore, molecular phylogenetic analyses have revealed that Hortaea thailandica is more closely related to S. polonicus than to H. werneckii. A new combination Salinomyces thailandicus is proposed for this fungus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Czachura
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL-31-512, Kraków, Poland.
| | | | - Marcin Piątek
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL-31-512, Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Casanova Navarro HM, Félix CR, Paulino GVB, Almeida JH, Valente P, Landell MF. Richness and biotechnological potential of the yeast community associated with the bromeliad phylloplane in the Brazilian Neotropical Forest. Mycol Prog 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-020-01631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
Romeo O, Marchetta A, Giosa D, Giuffrè L, Urzì C, De Leo F. Whole Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genome Analysis of the Halotolerant Deep Sea Black Yeast Hortaea werneckii. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E229. [PMID: 33023088 PMCID: PMC7601665 DOI: 10.3390/life10100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hortaea werneckii, an extreme halotolerant black yeast in the order of Capnodiales, was recently isolated from different stations and depths in the Mediterranean Sea, where it was shown to be the dominant fungal species. In order to explore the genome characteristics of these Mediterranean isolates, we carried out a de-novo sequencing of the genome of one strain isolated at a depth of 3400 m (MC873) and a re-sequencing of one strain taken from a depth of 2500 m (MC848), whose genome was previously sequenced but was highly fragmented. A comparative phylogenomic analysis with other published H. werneckii genomes was also carried out to investigate the evolution of the strains from the deep sea in this environment. A high level of genome completeness was obtained for both genomes, for which genome duplication and an extensive level of heterozygosity (~4.6%) were observed, supporting the recent hypothesis that a genome duplication caused by intraspecific hybridization occurred in most H. werneckii strains. Phylogenetic analyses showed environmental and/or geographical specificity, suggesting a possible evolutionary adaptation of marine H. werneckii strains to the deep sea environment. We release high-quality genome assemblies from marine H. werneckii strains, which provides additional data for further genomics analysis, including niche adaptation, fitness and evolution studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Romeo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (O.R.); (A.M.); (L.G.); (C.U.)
| | - Alessia Marchetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (O.R.); (A.M.); (L.G.); (C.U.)
| | - Domenico Giosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Letterio Giuffrè
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (O.R.); (A.M.); (L.G.); (C.U.)
| | - Clara Urzì
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (O.R.); (A.M.); (L.G.); (C.U.)
| | - Filomena De Leo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (O.R.); (A.M.); (L.G.); (C.U.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zalar P, Zupančič J, Gostinčar C, Zajc J, de Hoog GS, De Leo F, Azua-Bustos A, Gunde-Cimerman N. The extremely halotolerant black yeast Hortaea werneckii - a model for intraspecific hybridization in clonal fungi. IMA Fungus 2019; 10:10. [PMID: 32647617 PMCID: PMC7325687 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-019-0007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymorphic black yeast Hortaea werneckii (Capnodiales, Ascomycota) is extremely halotolerant (growth from 0 to 30% [w/v] NaCl) and has been extensively studied as a model for halotolerance in Eukaryotes for over two decades. Its most frequent sources are hypersaline environments and adjacent sea-water habitats in temperate, subtropical and tropical climates. Although typically saprobic, H. werneckii can also act as a commensal coloniser on human skin, causing tinea nigra on hands and soles. Here, we report that addition of NaCl to culture media expands the growth range of H. werneckii to 37 °C, which explains its colonisation of human skin, with its increased salinity. The morphological and physiological plasticity/ versatility of H. werneckii indicate that a species complex might be involved. This was investigated in this polyphasic taxonomic analysis based on the global diversity of H. werneckii strains collected from hypersaline environments, and from humans and animals. Analysis of D1/D2domains of 28S and internal transcribed spacer rDNA revealed 10 and 17 genotypes, respectively, that were not always compliant. The genotypes have global distributions. Human and environmental strains with the same genotypes are intermingled. Due to the limited number of phylogenetically informative characters in the ribosomal DNA dataset, the partial genes encoding for β-tubulin (BTB) and mini-chromosome maintenance protein (MCM7) were also sequenced. The use of these genes was hampered by ambiguous sequences obtained by Sanger sequencing, as a consequence of the diploid and highly heterozygous genome of many H. werneckii strains. Analysis of the BTB and MCM7 genes showed that in some cases two copies of the gene from the same genome are positioned in distant phylogenetic clusters of the intraspecific gene tree. Analysis of whole-genome sequences of selected H. werneckii strains generally confirmed the phylogenetic distances estimated on the basis of ribosomal genes, but also showed substantial reticulation within the phylogenetic history of the strains. This is in line with the hypothesis that the diploid genomes of H. werneckii were formed by hybridizations, which have sometimes occurred between relatively divergent strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Polona Zalar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jerneja Zupančič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cene Gostinčar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao, 266555 China
| | - Janja Zajc
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - G. Sybren de Hoog
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, Utrecht, 3508 AD The Netherlands
- Centre of Expertise in Mycology of RadboudUMC, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Filomena De Leo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Armando Azua-Bustos
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 8910060 Santiago, Chile
| | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Badali H, Al-Hatmi AMS, Fakhim H, Moghaddasi A, Khodavaisy S, Vaezi A, Ahangarkani F, de Hoog GS, Meis JF. In vitro activity of nine antifungal agents against a global collection of Hortaea werneckii isolates, the agent of tinea nigra. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 54:95-98. [PMID: 31071468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro susceptibility of molecularly identified Hortaea werneckii isolates (n = 37), the causative agent of tinea nigra, originating from clinical and environmental sources was determined for nine antifungal agents. Posaconazole had the lowest geometric mean minimum inhibitory concentration (GM MIC) (0.07 µg/mL), followed by voriconazole (0.13 µg/mL), isavuconazole (0.14 µg/mL), itraconazole (0.16 µg/mL), terbinafine (0.19 µg/mL) and amphotericin B (0.92 µg/mL). In contrast, fluconazole (14.56 µg/mL), caspofungin (2.41 µg/mL) and anidulafungin (1.42 µg/mL) demonstrated the highest GM MICs/MECs against H. werneckii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Badali
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Invasive Fungi Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Abdullah M S Al-Hatmi
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Ministry of Health, Directorate General of Health Services, Ibri, Oman; Centre of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Centre/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hamed Fakhim
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Aidan Moghaddasi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sadegh Khodavaisy
- Zoonoses Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsane Vaezi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahangarkani
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - G Sybren de Hoog
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Centre of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Centre/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Centre of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Centre/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Paulino GVB, Félix CR, Broetto L, Landell MF. Diversity of culturable yeasts associated with zoanthids from Brazilian reef and its relation with anthropogenic disturbance. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 123:253-260. [PMID: 28843512 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Some of the main threats to coral reefs come from human actions on marine environment, such as tourism, overfishing and pollution from urban development. While several studies have demonstrated an association between bacteria and corals, demonstrating how these communities react to different anthropogenic stressors, yeast communities associated with corals have received far less attention from researchers. The aim of this work was therefore to describe cultivable yeasts associated with three coral species and to evaluate the influence of sewage discharge on yeasts community. We obtained 130 isolates, mostly belonging to phylum Ascomycota and many of them had previously been isolated from human samples or are considered pathogens. The mycobiota was more similar among corals collected from the same reef, indicating that the composition of reef yeast community is more influenced by environmental conditions than host species. We suggest further studies to elucidate which factors are most influential on the composition of the coral-associated yeast community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Vasconcelos Bastos Paulino
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Diversidade Biológica e Conservação nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, CEP: 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Ciro Ramon Félix
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Diversidade Biológica e Conservação nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, CEP: 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Susceptibility to antifungal agents and enzymatic activity of Candida haemulonii and Cutaneotrichosporon dermatis isolated from soft corals on the Brazilian reefs. Arch Microbiol 2016; 198:963-971. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|