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Jacobson E, Morton JM, Woerde DJ, Thompson MF, Spillane AM, Tebb A, Della Valle Z, Birnie G, Malik R. Clinical features, outcomes, and long-term survival times of cats and dogs with central nervous system cryptococcosis in Australia: 50 cases (2000-2020). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 261:246-257. [PMID: 36434766 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.08.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical findings and outcomes of Australian cats and dogs with CNS cryptococcosis. ANIMALS 19 cats and 31 dogs with CNS cryptococcosis diagnosed between 2000 and 2020. PROCEDURES A case series and cohort study were performed using the same 50 animals. Both studies were multi-institutional and both retrospective and prospective. Disease features were compared between cats and dogs, and associations between putative risk factors and survival time (ST) were assessed. RESULTS Dogs were younger at initial presentation than cats and had lower latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination titers. Extraneurologic signs were common and frequently involved sinonasal and contiguous tissues. Neuroanatomic localization was predominantly forebrain, central vestibular (including cerebellum), multifocal, or diffuse. CSF analysis predominantly showed pleocytosis, with eosinophilic inflammation common in dogs. Seventy-eight percent (39/50) of patients received antifungal treatment. Median STs (from presentation) in treated patients were 1,678 days for cats and 679 days for dogs. Abnormal mentation at presentation (in dogs) and CSF collection (in cats) were associated with shorter STs. In treated dogs, those that received glucocorticoids prior to diagnosis, or single rather than multiple antifungal agents, had shorter STs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The prognosis for feline and canine CNS cryptococcosis is guarded, yet long STs are possible with appropriate treatment. Presence of subtle upper respiratory tract signs may suggest cryptococcosis in patients with neurologic signs, while the absence of neurologic signs does not preclude CNS involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else Jacobson
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Veterinary Specialist Services, Underwood, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Dennis J Woerde
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Animal Referral Hospital, Homebush West, NSW, Australia
| | - Mary F Thompson
- 4Department of Internal Medicine, The Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Amanda M Spillane
- 5Department of Internal Medicine, Queensland Veterinary Specialists, Stafford, QLD, Australia
| | - Anna Tebb
- 6Department of Internal Medicine, Western Australian Veterinary Emergency and Specialty, Success, WA, Australia
| | - Zoe Della Valle
- 7Department of Internal Medicine, Melbourne Veterinary Specialist Centre, Glen Waverley, VIC, Australia
| | - Gemma Birnie
- 8Department of Internal Medicine, Brisbane Veterinary Specialist Centre, Albany Creek, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard Malik
- 9Centre for Veterinary Education, Veterinary Science Conference Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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6
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Headley SA, Pimentel LA, Michelazzo MZ, Toma HS, Pretto-Giordano LG, Marcasso RA, Amude AM, Oliveira TE, Santos MD, Krockenberger M. Pathologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical findings in pulmonary and encephalitic cryptococcosis in a goat. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 31:69-73. [PMID: 30541419 DOI: 10.1177/1040638718816358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the pathologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical findings associated with pulmonary and encephalitic cryptococcosis in a 3-y-old, mixed-breed, nanny goat from central-west Brazil. The goat had progressive neurologic signs over 30 d; cryptococcosis was diagnosed antemortem by cytologic evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment was initiated, but the animal died spontaneously shortly thereafter. Grossly, there was a large space-occupying gelatinous mass (cryptococcoma) in the left lung and smaller masses in the cerebral temporal and frontal cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, basal nuclei, and mesencephalon with consequent internal hydrocephalus. Histologic evaluation revealed marked granulomatous cryptococcal pneumonia and meningoencephalitis. Intralesional narrow-necked budding cryptococcal yeasts were identified on special stains (Mayer mucicarmine and Grocott methenamine silver) in sections of lung and brain. Immunohistochemistry utilizing a panel of monoclonal antibodies that selectively label capsules of Cryptococcus spp. was consistent with C. neoformans var. grubii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn A Headley
- Laboratories of Animal Pathology (Headley, Michelazzo, Oliveira), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Mycology (Pretto-Giordano), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Sector of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil (Pimentel).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Headley, Pimentel, Toma, Amude, Santos).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil (Marcasso).,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (Krockenberger)
| | - Luciano A Pimentel
- Laboratories of Animal Pathology (Headley, Michelazzo, Oliveira), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Mycology (Pretto-Giordano), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Sector of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil (Pimentel).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Headley, Pimentel, Toma, Amude, Santos).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil (Marcasso).,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (Krockenberger)
| | - Mariana Z Michelazzo
- Laboratories of Animal Pathology (Headley, Michelazzo, Oliveira), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Mycology (Pretto-Giordano), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Sector of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil (Pimentel).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Headley, Pimentel, Toma, Amude, Santos).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil (Marcasso).,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (Krockenberger)
| | - Hugo S Toma
- Laboratories of Animal Pathology (Headley, Michelazzo, Oliveira), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Mycology (Pretto-Giordano), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Sector of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil (Pimentel).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Headley, Pimentel, Toma, Amude, Santos).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil (Marcasso).,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (Krockenberger)
| | - Lucienne G Pretto-Giordano
- Laboratories of Animal Pathology (Headley, Michelazzo, Oliveira), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Mycology (Pretto-Giordano), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Sector of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil (Pimentel).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Headley, Pimentel, Toma, Amude, Santos).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil (Marcasso).,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (Krockenberger)
| | - Rogério A Marcasso
- Laboratories of Animal Pathology (Headley, Michelazzo, Oliveira), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Mycology (Pretto-Giordano), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Sector of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil (Pimentel).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Headley, Pimentel, Toma, Amude, Santos).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil (Marcasso).,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (Krockenberger)
| | - Alexandre M Amude
- Laboratories of Animal Pathology (Headley, Michelazzo, Oliveira), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Mycology (Pretto-Giordano), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Sector of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil (Pimentel).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Headley, Pimentel, Toma, Amude, Santos).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil (Marcasso).,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (Krockenberger)
| | - Thalita E Oliveira
- Laboratories of Animal Pathology (Headley, Michelazzo, Oliveira), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Mycology (Pretto-Giordano), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Sector of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil (Pimentel).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Headley, Pimentel, Toma, Amude, Santos).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil (Marcasso).,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (Krockenberger)
| | - Marcelo D Santos
- Laboratories of Animal Pathology (Headley, Michelazzo, Oliveira), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Mycology (Pretto-Giordano), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Sector of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil (Pimentel).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Headley, Pimentel, Toma, Amude, Santos).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil (Marcasso).,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (Krockenberger)
| | - Mark Krockenberger
- Laboratories of Animal Pathology (Headley, Michelazzo, Oliveira), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Mycology (Pretto-Giordano), Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Sector of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil (Pimentel).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Headley, Pimentel, Toma, Amude, Santos).,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil (Marcasso).,Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Australia (Krockenberger)
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7
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Seyedmousavi S, Bosco SDMG, de Hoog S, Ebel F, Elad D, Gomes RR, Jacobsen ID, Jensen HE, Martel A, Mignon B, Pasmans F, Piecková E, Rodrigues AM, Singh K, Vicente VA, Wibbelt G, Wiederhold NP, Guillot J. Fungal infections in animals: a patchwork of different situations. Med Mycol 2018. [PMID: 29538732 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of fungal infections in both human and animals has increased over the last decades. This article represents an overview of the different categories of fungal infections that can be encountered in animals originating from environmental sources without transmission to humans. In addition, the endemic infections with indirect transmission from the environment, the zoophilic fungal pathogens with near-direct transmission, the zoonotic fungi that can be directly transmitted from animals to humans, mycotoxicoses and antifungal resistance in animals will also be discussed. Opportunistic mycoses are responsible for a wide range of diseases from localized infections to fatal disseminated diseases, such as aspergillosis, mucormycosis, candidiasis, cryptococcosis and infections caused by melanized fungi. The amphibian fungal disease chytridiomycosis and the Bat White-nose syndrome are due to obligatory fungal pathogens. Zoonotic agents are naturally transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans and vice versa. The list of zoonotic fungal agents is limited but some species, like Microsporum canis and Sporothrix brasiliensis from cats, have a strong public health impact. Mycotoxins are defined as the chemicals of fungal origin being toxic for warm-blooded vertebrates. Intoxications by aflatoxins and ochratoxins represent a threat for both human and animal health. Resistance to antifungals can occur in different animal species that receive these drugs, although the true epidemiology of resistance in animals is unknown, and options to treat infections caused by resistant infections are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi
- Molecular Microbiology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology (LCMI), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra de M G Bosco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences-UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, and Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Ebel
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin und Zoonosen, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Elad
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Renata R Gomes
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Graduate Programme, Curitiba Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | | | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bernard Mignon
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH (Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Elena Piecková
- Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karuna Singh
- Department of Zoology, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vania A Vicente
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Gudrun Wibbelt
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathan P Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jacques Guillot
- Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Dermatology, EA Dynamyc UPEC, EnvA, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
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10
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Headley SA, Pretto-Giordano LG, Lima SC, Suhett WG, Pereira AHT, Freitas LA, Suphoronski SA, Oliveira TES, Alfieri AF, Pereira EC, Vilas-Boas LA, Alfieri AA. Pneumonia due to Talaromyces marneffei in a Dog from Southern Brazil with Concomitant Canine Distemper Virus Infection. J Comp Pathol 2017; 157:61-66. [PMID: 28735673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathological and molecular findings associated with Talaromyces marneffei-induced pneumonia with concomitant infection by canine distemper virus (CDV) are described in a dog. The principal pathological alteration occurred in the lungs. Histopathology confirmed multifocal granulomatous pneumonia associated with numerous intralesional and intracellular septate fission cells consistent with T. marneffei. A molecular assay designed to amplify a partial fragment of the 18S rRNA gene of T. marneffei provided positive results from two fungal cultures derived from the lung. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, antigens of the CDV N protein were identified within the bronchial epithelium by immunohistochemistry and a PCR assay amplified the CDV N gene from hepatic and pulmonary fragments. Collectively, the pathological and molecular techniques confirmed a diagnosis of T. marneffei-induced pneumonia with concomitant infection by CDV. These findings represent the first description of pulmonary penicilliosis in the dog and extend the geographical niche of this emerging infectious pathogen. In this case, infection by CDV may have induced immunosuppression, which facilitated the development of pulmonary penicilliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | - S C Lima
- Laboratory of Genetics and Bacterial Taxonomy, Department of General Biology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - W G Suhett
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A H T Pereira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - L A Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - S A Suphoronski
- Laboratory of Mycology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - T E S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A F Alfieri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - E C Pereira
- Laboratory of Mycology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - L A Vilas-Boas
- Laboratory of Genetics and Bacterial Taxonomy, Department of General Biology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A A Alfieri
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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