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Duong TN, Le M, Beardsley J, Denning DW, Le N, Nguyen BT. Updated estimation of the burden of fungal disease in Vietnam. Mycoses 2023; 66:346-353. [PMID: 36564981 PMCID: PMC10953305 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anecdotally, the burden of fungal diseases in Vietnam is rapidly rising, but there has been no updated estimate on this issue since a previous report in 2015. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed at estimating the incidence and prevalence of serious fungal infections for the year 2020. METHODS We made estimates with a previously described methodology, using reports on the incidence and prevalence of various established risk factors for fungal infections from local, regional or global sources. RESULTS We estimated 2,389,661 cases of serious fungal infection occurred in Vietnam in 2020. The most common condition was recurrent vaginal candidiasis (4047/100,000 women annually). Among people living with HIV, we estimated 451 cases of cryptococcal meningitis, 1030 of pneumocystis pneumonia, 166 of histoplasmosis and 1612 of talaromycosis annually. Candidaemia incidence was estimated at 12/100,000 population each year. Owing to its high burden of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases, Vietnam had high rates of severe infections caused by Aspergillus species. Incidence of invasive aspergillosis is 24/100,000 population, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 78/100,000 and severe asthma with fungal sensitisation 102/100,000. Five-year period prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis is 120/100,000 population /5-year period. Mucormycosis, fungal keratitis and tinea capitis were estimated at 192, 14,431 and 201 episodes each year, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The number of patients with mycoses in Vietnam is likely underestimated due to a lack of local data and limited diagnostic capacity, but at least 2.5% of the population might have some form of serious fungal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tra‐My N. Duong
- Sydney Infectious Diseases InstituteThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical ResearchHanoiVietnam
| | - Minh‐Hang Le
- Sydney Infectious Diseases InstituteThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical ResearchHanoiVietnam
| | - Justin Beardsley
- Sydney Infectious Diseases InstituteThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Westmead Institute for Medical ResearchWestmeadNew South WalesAustralia
| | - David W. Denning
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
- Global Action for Fungal InfectionsManchesterSwitzerland
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Santos DWCL, de Azevedo CDMPES, Vicente VA, Queiroz-Telles F, Rodrigues AM, de Hoog GS, Denning DW, Colombo AL. The global burden of chromoblastomycosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009611. [PMID: 34383752 PMCID: PMC8360387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromoblastomycosis (CBM), represents one of the primary implantation mycoses caused by melanized fungi widely found in nature. It is characterized as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) and mainly affects populations living in poverty with significant morbidity, including stigma and discrimination. METHODS AND FINDINGS In order to estimate the global burden of CBM, we retrospectively reviewed the published literature from 1914 to 2020. Over the 106-year period, a total of 7,740 patients with CBM were identified on all continents except Antarctica. Most of the cases were reported from South America (2,619 cases), followed by Africa (1,875 cases), Central America and Mexico (1,628 cases), Asia (1,390 cases), Oceania (168 cases), Europe (35 cases), and USA and Canada (25 cases). We described 4,022 (81.7%) male and 896 (18.3%) female patients, with the median age of 52.5 years. The average time between the onset of the first lesion and CBM diagnosis was 9.2 years (range between 1 month to 50 years). The main sites involved were the lower limbs (56.7%), followed by the upper limbs (19.9%), head and neck (2.9%), and trunk (2.4%). Itching and pain were reported by 21.5% and 11%, respectively. Malignant transformation was described in 22 cases. A total of 3,817 fungal isolates were cultured, being 3,089 (80.9%) Fonsecaea spp., 552 (14.5%) Cladophialophora spp., and 56 Phialophora spp. (1.5%). CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE This review represents our current knowledge on the burden of CBM world-wide. The global incidence remains unclear and local epidemiological studies are required to improve these data, especially in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The recognition of CBM as NTD emphasizes the need for public health efforts to promote support for all local governments interested in developing specific policies and actions for preventing, diagnosing and assisting patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wagner C. L. Santos
- Special Mycology Laboratory—LEMI, Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Vania Aparecida Vicente
- Microbiology, Parasitology, and Pathology Post Graduation Program, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Flávio Queiroz-Telles
- Department of Public Health, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - G. Sybren de Hoog
- Microbiology, Parasitology, and Pathology Post Graduation Program, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David W. Denning
- Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections, Geneva, Switzerland
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Core Technology Facility, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Arnaldo Lopes Colombo
- Special Mycology Laboratory—LEMI, Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Joseph JJ, Paul A, Sebastian S, Saijan S, Vilapurathu JK. Chromoblastomycosis. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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