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Kishk A, Pires Pacheco M, Heurtaux T, Sauter T. Metabolic models predict fotemustine and the combination of eflornithine/rifamycin and adapalene/cannabidiol for the treatment of gliomas. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae199. [PMID: 38701414 PMCID: PMC11066901 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common type of malignant brain tumors, with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) having a median survival of 15 months due to drug resistance and relapse. The treatment of gliomas relies on surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Only 12 anti-brain tumor chemotherapies (AntiBCs), mostly alkylating agents, have been approved so far. Glioma subtype-specific metabolic models were reconstructed to simulate metabolite exchanges, in silico knockouts and the prediction of drug and drug combinations for all three subtypes. The simulations were confronted with literature, high-throughput screenings (HTSs), xenograft and clinical trial data to validate the workflow and further prioritize the drug candidates. The three subtype models accurately displayed different degrees of dependencies toward glutamine and glutamate. Furthermore, 33 single drugs, mainly antimetabolites and TXNRD1-inhibitors, as well as 17 drug combinations were predicted as potential candidates for gliomas. Half of these drug candidates have been previously tested in HTSs. Half of the tested drug candidates reduce proliferation in cell lines and two-thirds in xenografts. Most combinations were predicted to be efficient for all three glioma types. However, eflornithine/rifamycin and cannabidiol/adapalene were predicted specifically for GBM and low-grade glioma, respectively. Most drug candidates had comparable efficiency in preclinical tests, cerebrospinal fluid bioavailability and mode-of-action to AntiBCs. However, fotemustine and valganciclovir alone and eflornithine and celecoxib in combination with AntiBCs improved the survival compared to AntiBCs in two-arms, phase I/II and higher glioma clinical trials. Our work highlights the potential of metabolic modeling in advancing glioma drug discovery, which accurately predicted metabolic vulnerabilities, repurposable drugs and combinations for the glioma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kishk
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Maria Pires Pacheco
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Heurtaux
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology, L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
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2
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Mo H, Yu H, Jiang Z, Chen Y, Yao M, Liu K, Li Y, Yu J, Wang L. Molecular cloning, tissues distribution, and function analysis of thioredoxin-like protein-1 (TXNL1) in Chinese giant salamanders Andrias davidianus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 144:104691. [PMID: 36967023 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-like protein-1 (TXNL1) is the member of thioredoxin superfamily, a family of thiol oxidoreductases. TXNL1 plays an important role in scavenging ROS and the maintenance of cellular redox balance. However, its physiological functions in Andrias davidianus have not been well understood. In the present study, the full-length cDNA encoding thioredoxin-like protein-1 (AdTXNL1) of A. davidianus was cloned, the mRNA tissue distribution was analyzed, and the function was characterized. The Adtxnl1 cDNA contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 870 bp encoding a polypeptide of 289 amino acids with the N-terminal TRX domain, a Cys34-Ala35-Pro36-Cys37 (CAPC) motif, and the C-terminal proteasome-interacting thioredoxin domain (PITH). The mRNA of AdTXNL1 was expressed in a wide range of tissues, with the highest level in the liver. The transcript level of AdTXNL1 was significantly up-regulated post Aeromonas hydrophila challenge in liver tissue. Moreover, the recombinant AdTXNL1 protein was produced and purified, and used to investigate the antioxidant activity. In the insulin disulfide reduction assay, rAdTXNL1 exhibited strong antioxidant capability. Altogether, the thioredoxin-like protein-1 may be involved in reduction/oxidation (redox) balance and as an important immunological gene in A. davidianus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Huixia Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zebin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yongqing Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Mingxing Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jiajia Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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3
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Kılıç N, Boyacıoğlu Ö, Saltoğlu GT, Bulduk EB, Kurt G, Korkusuz P. Thioredoxin System and miR-21, miR-23a/b and let-7a as Potential Biomarkers for Brain Tumor Progression: Preliminary Case Data. World Neurosurg 2022; 167:e1299-e1309. [PMID: 36096386 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thioredoxin system and microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential targets for both cancer progression and treatment. However, the role of miRNAs and their relation with the expression profile of thioredoxin system in brain tumor progression remains unclear. METHODS In this study, we aimed to determine the expression profiles of redox components Trx-1, TrxR-1 and PRDX-1, and oncogenic miR-21, miR-23a/b and let-7a and oncosuppressor miR-125 in different brain tumor tissues and their association with increasing tumor grade. We studied Trx-1, TrxR-1, and PRDX-1 messenger RNA expression levels by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and protein levels by Western blot and miR-23a, miR-23b, miR-125a, miR-21, and let-7a miRNA expression levels by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 16 glioma, 15 meningioma, 5 metastatic, and 2 benign tumor samples. We also examined Trx-1, TrxR-1, and PRDX-1 protein levels in serum samples of 36 patients with brain tumor and 37 healthy volunteers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS We found that Trx-1, TrxR-1, and PRDX-1 presented high messenger RNA expression but low protein expression in low-grade brain tumor tissues, whereas they showed higher protein expression in sera of patients with low-grade brain tumors. miR-23b, miR-21, miR-23a, and let-7a were highly expressed in low-grade brain tumor tissues and positively correlated with the increase in thioredoxin system activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that Trx-1, TrxR-1, miR-21, miR-23a/b, and let-7a might be used for brain tumor diagnosis in the clinic. Further prospective studies including molecular pathway analyses are required to validate the miRNA/Trx system regulatory axis in brain tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedret Kılıç
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Atılım University, Gölbaşı, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Özge Boyacıoğlu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Atılım University, Gölbaşı, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gamze Turna Saltoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Bağbaşı, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Erkut Baha Bulduk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Atılım University, Gölbaşı, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Kurt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Yao A, Storr SJ, Al-Hadyan K, Rahman R, Smith S, Grundy R, Paine S, Martin SG. Thioredoxin System Protein Expression Is Associated with Poor Clinical Outcome in Adult and Paediatric Gliomas and Medulloblastomas. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2889-2901. [PMID: 32418115 PMCID: PMC7320063 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The thioredoxin (Trx) system is an important enzyme family that regulates cellular redox homeostasis. Protein expression of Trx system family members has been assessed in various cancers and linked to various clinicopathological variables, disease progression, treatment response and survival outcomes but information is lacking in brain tumours. Expression of the system was therefore examined, by immunohistochemistry in different brain tumour types, adult and paediatric cases, to determine if expression was of importance to clinical outcome. Trx system proteins were expressed, to variable levels, across all brain tumour types with significant variations in expression between different tumour types/grades/regions. High Trx reductase (TrxR) expression was linked to worse prognosis across all cohorts. High cytoplasmic TrxR expression was significantly associated with adverse overall survival (OS) in adult glioblastoma (P = 0.027) and paediatric low-grade glioma (LGG) patients (P = 0.012). High expression of nuclear TrxR, cytoplasmic and nuclear Trx and Trx-interacting protein (TxNIP) was associated with improved OS in paediatric LGGs (P = 0.031, P < 0.001, P = 0.044 and P = 0.018, respectively). For patients with high-grade gliomas, both high cytoplasmic TrxR and Trx expression were associated with poor OS (P = 0.002 and P = 0.007, respectively). In medulloblastoma, high expression of cytoplasmic TrxR and Trx and nuclear Trx was associated with worse prognosis (P = 0.013, P = 0.033 and P = 0.007, respectively); with cytoplasmic TrxR and nuclear Trx remaining so in multivariate analysis (P = 0.009 and P = 0.013, respectively). The consistent finding that high levels of cytoplasmic TrxR are associated with a worse prognosis across all cohorts suggests that TrxR is an important therapeutic target in brain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Yao
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Sarah J Storr
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Khaled Al-Hadyan
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,Radiation Biology Section, Biomedical Physics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruman Rahman
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stuart Smith
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Richard Grundy
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Simon Paine
- Department of Neuropathology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Stewart G Martin
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. .,Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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5
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Insights into the Dichotomous Regulation of SOD2 in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6040086. [PMID: 29099803 PMCID: PMC5745496 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While loss of antioxidant expression and the resultant oxidant-dependent damage to cellular macromolecules is key to tumorigenesis, it has become evident that effective oxidant scavenging is conversely necessary for successful metastatic spread. This dichotomous role of antioxidant enzymes in cancer highlights their context-dependent regulation during different stages of tumor development. A prominent example of an antioxidant enzyme with such a dichotomous role and regulation is the mitochondria-localized manganese superoxide dismutase SOD2 (MnSOD). SOD2 has both tumor suppressive and promoting functions, which are primarily related to its role as a mitochondrial superoxide scavenger and H₂O₂ regulator. However, unlike true tumor suppressor- or onco-genes, the SOD2 gene is not frequently lost, or rarely mutated or amplified in cancer. This allows SOD2 to be either repressed or activated contingent on context-dependent stimuli, leading to its dichotomous function in cancer. Here, we describe some of the mechanisms that underlie SOD2 regulation in tumor cells. While much is known about the transcriptional regulation of the SOD2 gene, including downregulation by epigenetics and activation by stress response transcription factors, further research is required to understand the post-translational modifications that regulate SOD2 activity in cancer cells. Moreover, future work examining the spatio-temporal nature of SOD2 regulation in the context of changing tumor microenvironments is necessary to allows us to better design oxidant- or antioxidant-based therapeutic strategies that target the adaptable antioxidant repertoire of tumor cells.
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6
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Zhang Y, Chen F, Tai G, Wang J, Shang J, Zhang B, Wang P, Huang B, Du J, Yu J, Zhang H, Liu F. TIGAR knockdown radiosensitizes TrxR1-overexpressing glioma in vitro and in vivo via inhibiting Trx1 nuclear transport. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42928. [PMID: 28338004 PMCID: PMC5364507 DOI: 10.1038/srep42928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The up-regulation of thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1) is detected in more than half of gliomas, which is significantly associated with increased malignancy grade and recurrence rate. The biological functions of NADPH-dependent TrxR1 are mainly associated with reduced thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) which plays critical roles in cellular redox signaling and tumour radio-resistance. Our previous work has proved that TP53 induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) knockdown could notably radiosensitize glioma cells. However, whether TrxR1-overexpressing glioma cells could be re-radiosensitized by TIGAR silence is still far from clear. In the present study, TrxR1 was stably over-expressed in U-87MG and T98G glioma cells. Both in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated that the radiosensitivity of glioma cells was considerably diminished by TrxR1 overexpression. TIGAR abrogation was able to radiosensitize TrxR1-overexpressing gliomas by inhibiting IR-induced Trx1 nuclear transport. Post-radiotherapy, TIGAR low-expression predicted significant longer survival time for animals suffering from TrxR1-overexpessing xenografts, which suggested that TIGAR abrogation might be a promising strategy for radiosensitizing TrxR1-overexpressing glial tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuo Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fei Chen
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guomei Tai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226321, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jun Shang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Baoxing Huang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jie Du
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiahua Yu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haowen Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fenju Liu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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7
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Ansenberger-Fricano K, Ganini DDS, Mao M, Chatterjee S, Dallas S, Mason RP, Stadler K, Santos JH, Bonini MG. The peroxidase activity of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 54:116-24. [PMID: 22982047 PMCID: PMC4155036 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.08.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an integral mitochondrial protein known as a first-line antioxidant defense against superoxide radical anions produced as by-products of the electron transport chain. Recent studies have shaped the idea that by regulating the mitochondrial redox status and H(2)O(2) outflow, MnSOD acts as a fundamental regulator of cellular proliferation, metabolism, and apoptosis, thereby assuming roles that extend far beyond its proposed antioxidant functions. Accordingly, allelic variations of MnSOD that have been shown to augment levels of MnSOD in mitochondria result in a 10-fold increase in prostate cancer risk. In addition, epidemiologic studies indicate that reduced glutathione peroxidase activity along with increases in H(2)O(2) further increase cancer risk in the face of MnSOD overexpression. These facts led us to hypothesize that, like its Cu,ZnSOD counterpart, MnSOD may work as a peroxidase, utilizing H(2)O(2) to promote mitochondrial damage, a known cancer risk factor. Here we report that MnSOD indeed possesses peroxidase activity that manifests in mitochondria when the enzyme is overexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Ansenberger-Fricano
- Section of Cardiology and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., COMRB 3020, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Douglas da Silva Ganini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Mao Mao
- Section of Cardiology and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., COMRB 3020, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Shannon Dallas
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Ronald P. Mason
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Krisztian Stadler
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Janine H. Santos
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School of the UMDNJ, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Marcelo G. Bonini
- Section of Cardiology and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., COMRB 3020, Chicago, IL, 60612
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
- To whom correspondence should be sent: Marcelo G. Bonini, Section of Cardiology and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Avenue, COMRB 1168, Chicago, IL, 60612, Telephone Number: 312-355-5948,
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8
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Hempel N, Carrico PM, Melendez JA. Manganese superoxide dismutase (Sod2) and redox-control of signaling events that drive metastasis. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2011; 11:191-201. [PMID: 21434856 DOI: 10.2174/187152011795255911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Manganese superoxide dismutase (Sod2) has emerged as a key enzyme with a dual role in tumorigenic progression. Early studies were primarily directed at defining the tumor suppressive function of Sod2 based on its low level expression in many tumor types. It is now commonly held that loss of Sod2 expression is likely an early event in tumor progression allowing for further propagation of the tumorigenic phenotype resulting from steady state increases in free radical production. Increases in free radical load have also been linked to defects in mitochondrial function and metastatic disease progression. It was initially believed that Sod2 loss may propagate metastatic disease progression, in reality both epidemiologic and experimental evidence indicate that Sod2 levels increase in many tumor types as they progress from early stage non-invasive disease to late stage metastatic disease. Sod2 overexpression in many instances enhances the metastatic phenotype that is reversed by efficient H(2)O(2) scavenging. This review evaluates the many sequelae associated with increases in Sod2 that impinge on the metastatic phenotype. The ability to use Sod2 to modulate the cellular redox-environment has allowed for the identification of redox-responsive signaling events that drive malignancy, such as invasion, migration and prolonged tumor cell survival. Further studies of these redox-driven events will help in the development of targeted therapeutic strategies to efficiently restrict redox-signaling essential for malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hempel
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Diseases, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany NY 12208, USA
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9
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Dunn LL, Buckle AM, Cooke JP, Ng MKC. The emerging role of the thioredoxin system in angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:2089-98. [PMID: 20798378 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.209643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although there have been a multitude of studies, the mechanisms of angiogenesis remain incompletely understood. Increasing evidence suggests that cellular redox homeostasis is an important regulator of angiogenesis. The thioredoxin (TRX) system functions as an endogenous antioxidant that can exert influence over endothelial cell function via modulation of cellular redox status. It has become apparent that the cytosolic TRX1 isoform participates in both canonical and novel angiogenic signaling pathways and may represent an avenue for therapeutic exploitation. Recent studies have further identified a role for the mitochondrial isoform TRX2 in ischemia-induced angiogenesis. TRX-interacting protein (TXNIP) is the endogenous inhibitor of TRX redox activity that has been implicated in growth factor-mediated angiogenesis. As TXNIP is strongly induced by glucose, this molecule could be of consequence to disordered angiogenesis manifest in diabetes mellitus. This review will focus on data implicating the TRX system in endothelial cell homeostasis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise L Dunn
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Rd, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
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10
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DeLorenze GN, McCoy L, Tsai AL, Quesenberry CP, Rice T, Il'yasova D, Wrensch M. Daily intake of antioxidants in relation to survival among adult patients diagnosed with malignant glioma. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:215. [PMID: 20482871 PMCID: PMC2880992 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant glioma is a rare cancer with poor survival. The influence of diet and antioxidant intake on glioma survival is not well understood. The current study examines the association between antioxidant intake and survival after glioma diagnosis. METHODS Adult patients diagnosed with malignant glioma during 1991-1994 and 1997-2001 were enrolled in a population-based study. Diagnosis was confirmed by review of pathology specimens. A modified food-frequency questionnaire interview was completed by each glioma patient or a designated proxy. Intake of each food item was converted to grams consumed/day. From this nutrient database, 16 antioxidants, calcium, a total antioxidant index and 3 macronutrients were available for survival analysis. Cox regression estimated mortality hazard ratios associated with each nutrient and the antioxidant index adjusting for potential confounders. Nutrient values were categorized into tertiles. Models were stratified by histology (Grades II, III, and IV) and conducted for all (including proxy) subjects and for a subset of self-reported subjects. RESULTS Geometric mean values for 11 fat-soluble and 6 water-soluble individual antioxidants, antioxidant index and 3 macronutrients were virtually the same when comparing all cases (n=748) to self-reported cases only (n=450). For patients diagnosed with Grade II and Grade III histology, moderate (915.8-2118.3 mcg) intake of fat-soluble lycopene was associated with poorer survival when compared to low intake (0.0-914.8 mcg), for self-reported cases only. High intake of vitamin E and moderate/high intake of secoisolariciresinol among Grade III patients indicated greater survival for all cases. In Grade IV patients, moderate/high intake of cryptoxanthin and high intake of secoisolariciresinol were associated with poorer survival among all cases. Among Grade II patients, moderate intake of water-soluble folate was associated with greater survival for all cases; high intake of vitamin C and genistein and the highest level of the antioxidant index were associated with poorer survival for all cases. CONCLUSIONS The associations observed in our study suggest that the influence of some antioxidants on survival following a diagnosis of malignant glioma are inconsistent and vary by histology group. Further research in a large sample of glioma patients is needed to confirm/refute our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald N DeLorenze
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, USA.
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11
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Selenius M, Rundlöf AK, Olm E, Fernandes AP, Björnstedt M. Selenium and the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase in the prevention, treatment and diagnostics of cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 12:867-80. [PMID: 19769465 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential element that is specifically incorporated as selenocystein into selenoproteins. It is a potent modulator of eukaryotic cell growth with strictly concentration-dependant effects. Lower concentrations are necessary for cell survival and growth, whereas higher concentrations inhibit growth and induce cell death. It is well established that selenium has cancer preventive effects, and several studies also have shown that it has strong anticancer effects with a selective cytotoxicity on malignant drug-resistant cells while only exerting marginal effects on normal and benign cells. This cancer-specific cytotoxicity is likely explained by high affinity selenium uptake dependent on proteins connected to multidrug resistance. One of the most studied selenoproteins in cancer is thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) that has important functions in neoplastic growth and is an important component of the resistant phenotype. Several reports have shown that TrxR is induced in tumor cells and pre-neoplastic cells, and several commonly used drugs interact with the protein. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of selenium as a potent preventive and tumor selective anticancer drug, and we also discuss the potential of using the expression and modulation of the selenoprotein TrxR in the diagnostics and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Selenius
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Il'yasova D, Marcello JE, McCoy L, Rice T, Wrensch M. Total dietary antioxidant index and survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Causes Control 2009; 20:1255-60. [PMID: 19363672 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-009-9338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of antioxidants in survival of cancer patients is controversial. No data on the relationships between antioxidant intake and survival of glioma patients are available. Our objective was to examine such association in a large series of cases. METHODS The study population includes 814 glioblastoma multiforme cases that were newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed, aged 20 or older, and residing in the San Francisco Bay Area at diagnosis. Cases were identified via the regional cancer registry's rapid case ascertainment system during 1991-1994 (series I), 1997-2000 (series II), and 2001-2004 (series III). Daily dietary antioxidant intake at diagnosis was assessed via food-frequency questionnaire and was expressed as total antioxidant index, calculated based on Trolox equivalent per gram of food. In addition, the study collected information on supplements/vitamin intake. RESULTS Overall, our results indicated no consistent, significant association of survival with dietary antioxidant intake or its combination with vitamin supplements. However, in series III, we observed a significant association between higher antioxidant index and better survival: HR = 0.58 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.74) for each unit of antioxidant index on a log-scale. CONCLUSIONS Although it is possible that this is a chance finding, the association between dietary antioxidants and survival in the most recently recruited patients warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Il'yasova
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2949, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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13
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Mukherjee A, Martin SG. The thioredoxin system: a key target in tumour and endothelial cells. Br J Radiol 2008; 81 Spec No 1:S57-68. [PMID: 18819999 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/34180435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin is a redox-sensitive molecule that has pleiotropic cellular effects, such as the control of proliferation, redox states and apoptosis, and is often upregulated in malignancy. The system controls the activation of a number of transcription factors through sulphydryl transfer and, through its activity on hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha, it is able to regulate vascular endothelial growth factor levels and hence angiogenesis. The thioredoxin protein has been shown to be upregulated in hypoxic regions of certain tumours, suggesting that inhibitors could potentially exhibit enhanced hypoxic toxicity and/or indirect anti-angiogenic effects. Evidence of this is becoming apparent in the literature. The current report reviews the thioredoxin system as an anticancer drug target and focuses upon two recent compounds, PMX464 and PX12, which reportedly inhibit this important pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mukherjee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
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14
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Järvelä S, Parkkila S, Bragge H, Kähkönen M, Parkkila AK, Soini Y, Pastorekova S, Pastorek J, Haapasalo H. Carbonic anhydrase IX in oligodendroglial brain tumors. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:1. [PMID: 18173856 PMCID: PMC2245965 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbonic anhydrase IX is a hypoxia-induced enzyme that has many biologically important functions, including its role in cell adhesion and invasion. METHODS This study was set out to investigate the role of CA IX in a series of 86 oligodendroglial brain tumors (71 primary and 15 recurrent; 48 pure oligodendrogliomas and 40 mixed oligoastrocytomas). RESULTS 80% of the tumors showed CA IX expression by immunohistochemistry. Tumors with moderate or strong CA IX expression had decreased level of cell proliferation compared to weak or no CA IX expression (median 2.9 vs. 5.8, p = 0.015). CA IX correlated with two antioxidative enzymes, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and regulatory gammaglutamylcysteine synthetase (GLCL-R): CA IX expression was significantly higher in MnSOD-positive tumors (p = 0.008) and decreased in GLCL-R-positive tumors (p = 0.044). In Cox multivariate analysis CA IX expression, patient age and histological component (pure oligodendroglioma vs. mixed oligoastrocytoma) showed independent prognostic values (p = 0.009, p = 0.003 and p = 0.022, respectively), CA IX positivity predicting poorer outcome. CONCLUSION CA IX was proved to be an independent prognostic indicator in oligodendroglial brain tumors, and it also correlates reversely with cell proliferation. It may have a role in the biology of oligodendrogliomas, and most interestingly, as it is mainly expressed in tumor tissue, CA IX could serve as a target molecule for anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Järvelä
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
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15
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Tanriverdi T, Hanimoglu H, Kacira T, Sanus GZ, Kemerdere R, Atukeren P, Gumustas K, Canbaz B, Kaynar MY. Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and protein oxidation in patients with glioblastoma multiforme and transitional meningioma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2007; 133:627-33. [PMID: 17457608 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-007-0212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRx) and protein oxidation (POx) levels in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and transitional meningioma (TM) and to compare with normal brain tissues. METHODS GPx, GRx and POx levels were measured in 48 brain tumors obtained during surgery and 15 normal brain tissues that were collected during autopsy. Results were compared between two groups. RESULTS GPx and GRx activities were significantly lower in GBM and TM when compared to controls and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.0001). Furthermore, the decrease in enzyme activities was more evident in GBM than in TM. In contrast, POx levels were found to be higher in both GBM and TM compared to controls and showed statistically significant difference (P = 0.00001). Increase in POx levels was clearer in GBM than TM. CONCLUSIONS GPx and GRx decreased and POx increased significantly in both GBM and TM when compared to normal brain tissues. Further, clinical studies with a larger patient population are required to show the role(s) of antioxidant enzymes in brain tumors more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taner Tanriverdi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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