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Zhang S, Cheng L, Su Y, Qian Z, Wang Z, Chen C, Li R, Zhang A, He J, Mao J, Wang H, Chen J. AGBL4 promotes malignant progression of glioblastoma via modulation of MMP-1 and inflammatory pathways. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1420182. [PMID: 39007144 PMCID: PMC11246717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1420182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor, is notorious for its aggressive growth and dismal prognosis. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of GBM, particularly focusing on the role of AGBL4 and its connection to inflammatory pathways, to discover viable therapeutic targets. Methods Single-cell sequencing was utilized to examine the expression levels of AGBL4 and functional assays were performed to assess the effects of AGBL4 modulation. Results Our findings identified the significant upregulation of AGBL4 in GBM, which correlated with adverse clinical outcomes. Functional assays demonstrated that AGBL4 knockdown inhibited GBM cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and influenced inflammatory response pathways, while AGBL4 overexpression promoted these activities. Further investigation revealed that AGBL4 exerted its oncogenic effects through modulation of MMP-1, establishing a novel regulatory axis critical for GBM progression and inflammation. Discussion Both AGBL4 and MMP-1 may be pivotal molecular targets, offering new avenues for targeted therapy in GBM management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lilin Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yandong Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongrun Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aikang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangxin Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juxiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Zhu W, Zhang F, Wang M, Meng S, Ren F. Temozolomide alleviates breast carcinoma via the inhibition of EGFR/ERK/ MMP-1 pathway with induction of apoptotic events. Acta Cir Bras 2024; 39:e391624. [PMID: 38808816 PMCID: PMC11126306 DOI: 10.1590/acb391624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the chemotherapeutic activity of temozolomide counter to mammary carcinoma. METHODS In-vitro anticancer activity has been conducted on MCF7 cells, and mammary carcinoma has been induced in Wistar rats by introduction of 7, 12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), which was sustained for 24 weeks. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, cell proliferation study and apoptosis assay via TUNEL method was conducted to evaluate an antineoplastic activity of temozolomide in rat breast tissue. RESULTS IC50 value of temozolomide in MCF7 cell has been obtained as 103 μM, which demonstrated an initiation of apoptosis. The temozolomide treatment facilitated cell cycle arrest in G2/M and S phase dose dependently. The treatment with temozolomide suggested decrease of the hyperplastic abrasions and renovation of the typical histological features of mammary tissue. Moreover, temozolomide therapy caused the downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and metalloproteinase-1 expression and upstream of p53 and caspase-3 proliferation to indicate an initiation of apoptotic events. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of mammary carcinoma has been significantly decreased by activation of apoptotic pathway and abrogation of cellular propagation that allowable for developing a suitable mechanistic pathway of temozolomide in order to facilitate chemotherapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Zhu
- Taizhou Municipal Hospital – Department of Pathology – Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengjun Zhang
- The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA – Department of Mammary Gland – Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Maoyun Wang
- First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital – Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine – Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Meng
- First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital – Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine – Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ren
- First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital – Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine – Beijing, China
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Liang C, Zhang B, Li R, Guo S, Fan X. Network pharmacology -based study on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:342. [PMID: 37759283 PMCID: PMC10523639 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common primary malignant brain tumors. Yi Qi Qu Yu Jie Du Fang (YYQQJDF) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription for GBM. The present study aimed to use a network pharmacology method to analyze the underlying mechanism of YQQYJDF in treating GBM. METHODS GBM sample data, active ingredients and potential targets of YQQYJDF were obtained from databases. R language was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between GBM tissues and normal tissues, and to perform enrichment analysis and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database was used to perform a protein‒protein interaction (PPI) analysis. A Venn diagram was used to obtain the core target genes of YQQYJDF for GBM treatment. Molecular docking was used to verify the binding between the active ingredient molecules and the proteins corresponding to the core target genes. Cell proliferation assays and invasion assays were used to verify the effect of active ingredients on the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. RESULTS A total of 73 potential targets of YQQYJDF in the treatment of GBM were obtained. Enrichment analyses showed that the biological processes and molecular functions involved in these target genes were related to the activation of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathway and the regulation of hypoxia. The neuroactive ligand‒receptor pathway, the cellular senescence pathway, the calcium signaling pathway, the cell cycle pathway and the p53 signaling pathway might play important roles. Combining the results of WGCNA and PPI analysis, five core target genes and their corresponding four core active ingredients were screened. Molecular docking indicated that the core active ingredient molecules and the proteins corresponding to the core target genes had strong binding affinities. Cell proliferation and invasion assays showed that the core active ingredients of YQQYJDF significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The present study predicted the possible active ingredients and targets of YQQYJDF in treating GBM, and analyzed its possible mechanism. These results may provide a basis and ideas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ruichun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Shiwen Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, China.
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13-Butoxyberberine Bromide Inhibits Migration and Invasion in Skin Cancer A431 Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030991. [PMID: 36770659 PMCID: PMC9921070 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. Anti-metastasis mechanism of skin cancer by 13-butoxyberberine bromide, a novel berberine derivative, has not yet been reported. This study investigated the effects of 13-butoxyberberine bromide on migration and invasion of skin cancer A431 cells. The cytotoxicity of 13-butoxyberberine bromide was determined by MTT assay. The effect of 13-butoxyberberine bromide on cell migration and invasion were examined using a wound-healing assay, transwell migration assay, and transwell invasion assay, respectively. The cell adhesion ability was determined by an adhesion assay. Protein expressions that play important roles in cancer migration and invasion were evaluated by Western blot analysis. The results showed that 13-butoxyberberine bromide effectively inhibited cell migration, invasion, and adhesion in A431 cells. Interestingly, 13-butoxyberberine bromide was more effective for cell migration inhibition than berberine. In addition, 13-butoxyberberine bromide showed anti-migration and anti-invasion effects by down-regulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and up-regulated TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression in A431 cells. Moreover, pretreatment with 13-butoxyberberine bromide significantly inhibited EGF-induced cell migration and p-EGFR, ERK, p-ERK, STAT3, and p-STAT3 expressions in A431 cells at lower concentrations when compared with the berberine. These findings indicated that 13-butoxyberberine bromide could be further developed as an anticancer agent.
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Tune BXJ, Sim MS, Poh CL, Guad RM, Woon CK, Hazarika I, Das A, Gopinath SCB, Rajan M, Sekar M, Subramaniyan V, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S, Batumalaie K, Wu YS. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Chemoresistance: Regulatory Roles, Molecular Interactions, and Potential Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3249766. [PMID: 35586209 PMCID: PMC9110224 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3249766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Its treatments usually fail when the tumor has become malignant and metastasized. Metastasis is a key source of cancer recurrence, which often leads to resistance towards chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, most cancer-related deaths are linked to the occurrence of chemoresistance. Although chemoresistance can emerge through a multitude of mechanisms, chemoresistance and metastasis share a similar pathway, which is an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a class of zinc and calcium-chelated enzymes, are found to be key players in driving cancer migration and metastasis through EMT induction. The aim of this review is to discuss the regulatory roles and associated molecular mechanisms of specific MMPs in regulating chemoresistance, particularly EMT initiation and resistance to apoptosis. A brief presentation on their potential diagnostic and prognostic values was also deciphered. It also aimed to describe existing MMP inhibitors and the potential of utilizing other strategies to inhibit MMPs to reduce chemoresistance, such as upstream inhibition of MMP expressions and MMP-responsive nanomaterials to deliver drugs as well as epigenetic regulations. Hence, manipulation of MMP expression can be a powerful tool to aid in treating patients with chemo-resistant cancers. However, much still needs to be done to bring the solution from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Xin Jie Tune
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Maw Shin Sim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Rhanye Mac Guad
- Department of Biomedical Science and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, 88400 Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Choy Ker Woon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Iswar Hazarika
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Guwahati 781017, India
| | - Anju Das
- Department of Pharmacology, Royal School of Pharmacy, Royal Global University, Guwahati 781035, India
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
| | | | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong, Kedah 08100, Malaysia
| | - Kalaivani Batumalaie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Asia Metropolitan University, 81750 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
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Oh JH, Nam GB, Karadeniz F, Kong CS, Ko J. Evaluation and enzyme-aided enhancement of anti-photoaging properties of Camellia japonica in UVA-irradiated keratinocytes. Z NATURFORSCH C 2022; 77:287-296. [PMID: 35072988 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the main reason behind extrinsic skin aging. Changes due to chronic UV exposure are called photoaging. Natural products are effective ingredients against UV-mediated skin damage. Present study investigated the anti-photoaging properties of Camellia japonica flowers which possess various bioactivities. To enrich the extracts of C. japonica flowers, pectinase and beta-glucosidase treatment was employed. Anti-photoaging effect was screened using the changes in MMP-1 and collagen levels in UVA-irradiated human HaCaT keratinocytes. The crude extract of C. japonica flowers (CE) was shown to decrease the UVA-induced MMP-1 secretion while attenuating the collagen levels. Pectinase and beta-glucosidase treated CE (ECE) showed increased anti-photoaging effects against UVA-induced changes in MMP-1 and collagen production. Camellenodiol (CMD), a known triterpenoid from C. japonica, isolated as the active ingredient of ECE and its anti-photoaging effect was screened. Results showed that CMD ameliorated the UVA-induced deterioration in collagen levels by suppressing MMP-1 production in transcriptional level. CMD treatment downregulated the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK MAPKs along their downstream effectors, c-Fos, and c-Jun. In conclusion, enzyme-assisted extraction of C. japonica flowers was suggested to enhance the anti-photoaging properties suggestively through high bioactive content such as CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Oh
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
| | - Gi Baeg Nam
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, Yongin 17074, Korea
| | - Fatih Karadeniz
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
| | - Chang-Suk Kong
- Marine Biotechnology Center for Pharmaceuticals and Foods, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Ko
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, Yongin 17074, Korea
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Wang C, He Q, Yin Y, Wu Y, Li X. Clonorchis sinensis Granulin Promotes Malignant Transformation of Hepatocyte Through EGFR-Mediated RAS/MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:734750. [PMID: 34858869 PMCID: PMC8631275 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.734750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological functions of growth factor, such as granulins, have been explored in parasites, and we elucidated that Clonorchis sinensis granulin (CsGRN) promoted the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in our previous study. However, it is still unclear for the malignant transformation role of CsGRN in normal human hepatocytes. In this study, by transfecting pEGFP-C1-CsGRN eukaryotic expression plasmid, a cell line with stable overexpression of CsGRN in normal hepatocyte (LO2-GRN cells) was constructed. The effects on cell proliferation were detected by carrying out cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay and colony formation assay. Additionally, we conducted flow cytometry analysis to determine whether the proliferation of CsGRN was due to cell cycle arrest. Subsequently, the migration ability and the invasion ability of LO2-GRN cells were evaluated through wound-healing assay and transwell assay. Meanwhile, the levels of the markers of RAS/MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways activation in LO2-GRN cells were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. Our results indicated that CsGRN promoted the proliferation of LO2 cells by regulating the expression of cell-cycle-related genes. Moreover, the overexpression of CsGRN regulates malignant metastasis of liver cells by inducing the upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker proteins. Furthermore, both mRNA and protein expression levels of p-EGFR, RAS, p-ERK, p-AKT, p-PI3K, and p-braf have been enhanced by CsGRN. These results showed that CsGRN promoted the malignant transformation of hepatocytes by regulating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated RAS/MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, which suggested that CsGRN could serve as a novel oncoprotein during Clonorchis sinensis-associated malignant transformation of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China.,China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA) Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China.,China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA) Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxuan Yin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China.,China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA) Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yinjuan Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China.,China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA) Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xuerong Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China.,China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA) Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Beijing, China
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Coniglio SJ, Segall JE. Microglial-stimulation of glioma invasion involves the EGFR ligand amphiregulin. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260252. [PMID: 34843542 PMCID: PMC8629255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High grade glioma is one of the deadliest human cancers with a median survival rate of only one year following diagnosis. The highly motile and invasive nature of high grade glioma makes it difficult to completely remove surgically. Therefore, increasing our knowledge of the mechanisms glioma cells use to invade normal brain is of critical importance in designing novel therapies. It was previously shown by our laboratory that tumor-associated microglia (TAMs) stimulate glioma cell invasion and this process is dependent on CSF-1R signaling. In this study, we seek to identify pro-invasive factors that are upregulated in microglia in a CSF-1R-dependent manner. We assayed cDNA and protein from microglia treated with conditioned media from the murine glioma cell line GL261, and discovered that several EGFR ligands including amphiregulin (AREG) are strongly upregulated. This upregulation is blocked by addition of a pharmacological CSF-1R inhibitor. Using RNA interference, we show that AREG-depleted microglia are less effective at promoting invasion of GL261 cells into Matrigel-coated invasion chambers. In addition, an AREG blocking antibody strongly attenuates the ability of THP-1 macrophages to activate human glioma cell line U87 invasion. Furthermore, we have identified a signaling pathway which involves CSF-1 signaling through ERK to upregulate AREG expression in microglia. Interfering with ERK using pharmacological inhibitors prevents AREG upregulation in microglia and microglia-stimulated GL261 invasion. These data highlight AREG as a key factor in produced by tumor associated microglia in promoting glioma invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore J. Coniglio
- New Jersey Center for Science Technology and Mathematics, Kean University, Union, NJ, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey E. Segall
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Bronx, NY, United States of America
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Basheer AS, Abas F, Othman I, Naidu R. Role of Inflammatory Mediators, Macrophages, and Neutrophils in Glioma Maintenance and Progression: Mechanistic Understanding and Potential Therapeutic Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4226. [PMID: 34439380 PMCID: PMC8393628 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common, highly malignant, and deadliest forms of brain tumors. These intra-cranial solid tumors are comprised of both cancerous and non-cancerous cells, which contribute to tumor development, progression, and resistance to the therapeutic regimen. A variety of soluble inflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines, chemokines, and chemotactic factors) are secreted by these cells, which help in creating an inflammatory microenvironment and contribute to the various stages of cancer development, maintenance, and progression. The major tumor infiltrating immune cells of the tumor microenvironment include TAMs and TANs, which are either recruited peripherally or present as brain-resident macrophages (microglia) and support stroma for cancer cell expansion and invasion. These cells are highly plastic in nature and can be polarized into different phenotypes depending upon different types of stimuli. During neuroinflammation, glioma cells interact with TAMs and TANs, facilitating tumor cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Targeting inflammatory mediators along with the reprogramming of TAMs and TANs could be of great importance in glioma treatment and may delay disease progression. In addition, an inhibition of the key signaling pathways such as NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and TLRs, which are activated during neuroinflammation and have an oncogenic role in glioblastoma (GBM), can exert more pronounced anti-glioma effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Samad Basheer
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (A.S.B.); (I.O.)
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 434000, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (A.S.B.); (I.O.)
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (A.S.B.); (I.O.)
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10
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Zhu D, Trinh P, Li J, Grant GA, Yang F. Gradient hydrogels for screening stiffness effects on patient-derived glioblastoma xenograft cellfates in 3D. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:1027-1035. [PMID: 32862485 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain cancer is a devastating disease given its extreme invasiveness and intricate location. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common forms of brain cancer, and cancer progression is often correlated with significantly altered tissue stiffness. To elucidate the effect of matrix stiffness on GBM cell fates, previous research is largely limited to 2D studies using immortalized cell lines, which has limited physiological relevance. The objective of the study is to develop gradient hydrogels with brain-mimicking stiffness range as a 3Din vitro GBM model for screening of the effects of matrix stiffness on GBM. To increase the physiological relevance, patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) GBM cells were used. Our gradient platform allows formation of cell-containing hydrogels with stiffness ranging from 40 Pa to 1,300 Pa within a few minutes. By focusing on a brain-mimicking stiffness range, this gradient hydrogel platform is designed for investigating brain cancer. Increasing stiffness led to decreased GBM proliferation and less spreading, which is accompanied by downregulation of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs). Using temozolomide (TMZ) as a model drug, we demonstrate that increasing stiffness led to higher drug resistance by PDTX GBM cells in 3D, suggesting matrix stiffness can directly modulate how GBM cells respond to drug treatment. While the current study focuses on stiffness gradient, the setup may also be adapted for screening other cancer niche cues such as how biochemical ligand gradient modulates brain cancer progression and drug responses using reduced materials and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Pavin Trinh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gerry A Grant
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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11
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Zhang T, Liu Q, Yu M, Lan Y, Zhou J. Expression Profiles Reveal Involvement of VEGF, IGF1, BIRC5, and MMP1 in Vulvar Carcinogenesis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211004922. [PMID: 33888009 PMCID: PMC8071978 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211004922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify key genes and shed light on the underlying molecular mechanisms of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). METHODS Bioinformatic software was utilized for the identification and characterization of key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from microarrays GSE63678 and GSE38228, which contain VSCC and normal vulvar tissue data. These microarrays were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Immunohistochemical assays (55 VSCC and 50 normal vulvar tissues) were utilized to validate the expression of VEGF, IGF1, BIRC5, and MMP1 screened from the identified DEGs. SPSS 18.0 software was used for statistical analyses of the relationships between IGF1, BIRC5, VEGF, MMP1 expression levels and patient clinicopathological characteristics. RESULTS A total of 141 DEGs were identified, among which 18 genes were closely correlated with the biological characteristics of VSCC. Four of the 18 genes (VEGF, IGF1, BIRC5, and MMP1) screened from the GEO database were markedly enriched in pathways in cancer (P < 0.05), and could be considered key genes in VSCC based on KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analysis in DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery).The expression levels of these 4 hub genes, determined by immunohistochemical assays, were consistent with the bioinformatics results. Higher expression of IGF1 showed significant association with well-differentiated carcinomas (P = 0.017).BIRC5 expression levels showed a positive correlation with clinical stage (P = 0.039); compared with those in menopause for over 10 years, patients in menopause for less than 10 years at the time of diagnosis tended to have significantly higher expression of BIRC5 (P = 0.003). VEGF and MMP1 expression levels were not correlated with any of the tested clinicopathological characteristics. CONCLUSION VEGF, IGF1, BIRC5, and MMP1 were identified as being associated with VSCC using integrated bioinformatic methods, which may provide important insights into the pathogenesis of this disease and help to identify new biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghua Yu
- Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibing Lan
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghong Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Lu Y, Li W, Liu G, Yang Y, Xiao E, Mu S, Guo Y, Li D, Yan G. Identification of critical pathways and potential therapeutic targets in poorly differentiated duodenal papilla adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:9. [PMID: 33407508 PMCID: PMC7789135 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Duodenal papilla carcinoma (DPC) is a rare malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract with high recurrence rate, and the pathogenesis of this highly malignant neoplasm is yet to be fully elucidated. This study aims to identify key genes to further understand the biology and pathogenesis underlying the molecular alterations driving DPC, which could be potential diagnostic or therapeutic targets. Methods Tumor samples of three DPC patients were collected and integrating RNA-seq analysis of tumor tissues and matched normal tissues were performed to discover differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were carried out to understand the potential bio-functions of the DPC differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed for functional modules analysis and identification of hub genes. qRT-PCR of clinical samples was conducted to validate the expression level of the hub genes. Results A total of 110 DEGs were identified from our RNA-seq data, GO and KEGG analyses showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in multiple cancer-related functions and pathways, such as cell proliferation, IL-17signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway. The PPI network screened out five hub genes including IL-6, LCN2, FABP4, LEP and MMP1, which were identified as core genes in the network and the expression value were validated by qRT-PCR. The hub genes identified in this work were suggested to be potential therapeutic targets of DPC. Discussion The current study may provide new insight into the exploration of DPC pathogenesis and the screened hub genes may serve as potential diagnostic indicator and novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiang Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wensen Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yongbo Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongmou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Erwei Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Senmao Mu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China. .,School of Clinical Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Guoyi Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China. .,School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
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13
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Wolin IAV, Heinrich IA, Nascimento APM, Welter PG, Sosa LDV, De Paul AL, Zanotto-Filho A, Nedel CB, Lima LD, Osterne VJS, Pinto-Junior VR, Nascimento KS, Cavada BS, Leal RB. ConBr lectin modulates MAPKs and Akt pathways and triggers autophagic glioma cell death by a mechanism dependent upon caspase-8 activation. Biochimie 2020; 180:186-204. [PMID: 33171216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive type of glioma, with limited treatment and poor prognosis. Despite some advances over the last decade, validation of novel and selective antiglioma agents remains a challenge in clinical pharmacology. Prior studies have shown that leguminous lectins may exert various biological effects, including antitumor properties. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the antiglioma activity of ConBr, a lectin extracted from the Canavalia brasiliensis seeds. ConBr at lower concentrations inhibited C6 glioma cell migration while higher levels promoted cell death dependent upon carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) structure. ConBr increased p38MAPK and JNK and decreased ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation. Moreover, ConBr inhibited mTORC1 phosphorylation associated with accumulation of autophagic markers, such as acidic vacuoles and LC3 cleavage. Inhibition of early steps of autophagy with 3-methyl-adenine (3-MA) partially protected whereas the later autophagy inhibitor Chloroquine (CQ) had no protective effect upon ConBr cytotoxicity. ConBr also augmented caspase-3 activation without affecting mitochondrial function. Noteworthy, the caspase-8 inhibitor IETF-fmk attenuated ConBr induced autophagy and C6 glioma cell death. Finally, ConBr did not show cytotoxicity against primary astrocytes, suggesting a selective antiglioma activity. In summary, our results indicate that ConBr requires functional CRD lectin domain to exert antiglioma activity, and its cytotoxicity is associated with MAPKs and Akt pathways modulation and autophagy- and caspase-8- dependent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid A V Wolin
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Programa de Pós-graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Isabella A Heinrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Programa de Pós-graduação Em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula M Nascimento
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Programa de Pós-graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Priscilla G Welter
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Programa de Pós-graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Liliana Del V Sosa
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Salud (INICSA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Lucia De Paul
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Salud (INICSA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alfeu Zanotto-Filho
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Programa de Pós-graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Beatriz Nedel
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Gliomas, Programa de Pós-graduação Em Biologia Celular e Do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lara Dias Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, BioMolLab, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, CEP, 60020-181, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Jose Silva Osterne
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, BioMolLab, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, CEP, 60020-181, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Kyria S Nascimento
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, BioMolLab, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, CEP, 60020-181, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Benildo S Cavada
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, BioMolLab, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, CEP, 60020-181, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B Leal
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Programa de Pós-graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Programa de Pós-graduação Em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Quesnel A, Karagiannis GS, Filippou PS. Extracellular proteolysis in glioblastoma progression and therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188428. [PMID: 32956761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas encompass highly invasive primary central nervous system (CNS) tumours of glial cell origin with an often-poor clinical prognosis. Of all gliomas, glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of primary brain cancer. Current treatments in glioblastoma are insufficient due to the invasive nature of brain tumour cells, which typically results in local tumour recurrence following treatment. The latter represents the most important cause of mortality in glioblastoma and underscores the necessity for an in-depth understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Interestingly, increased synthesis and secretion of several proteolytic enzymes within the tumour microenvironment, such as matrix metalloproteinases, lysosomal proteases, cathepsins and kallikreins for extracellular-matrix component degradation may play a major role in the aforementioned glioblastoma invasion mechanisms. These proteolytic networks are key players in establishing and maintaining a tumour microenvironment that promotes tumour cell survival, proliferation, and migration. Indeed, the targeted inhibition of these proteolytic enzymes has been a promisingly useful therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma management in both preclinical and clinical development. We hereby summarize current advances on the biology of the glioblastoma tumour microenvironment, with a particular emphasis on the role of proteolytic enzyme families in glioblastoma invasion and progression, as well as on their subsequent prognostic value as biomarkers and their therapeutic targeting in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Quesnel
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, United Kingdom; National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, 38 John Dixon Ln, Darlington, DL1 1HG, United Kingdom
| | - George S Karagiannis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA; Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Panagiota S Filippou
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, United Kingdom; National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, 38 John Dixon Ln, Darlington, DL1 1HG, United Kingdom.
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Recent Trends of microRNA Significance in Pediatric Population Glioblastoma and Current Knowledge of Micro RNA Function in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093046. [PMID: 32349263 PMCID: PMC7246719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system tumors are a significant problem for modern medicine because of their location. The explanation of the importance of microRNA (miRNA) in the development of cancerous changes plays an important role in this respect. The first papers describing the presence of miRNA were published in the 1990s. The role of miRNA has been pointed out in many medical conditions such as kidney disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorder, arthritis and cancer. There are several miRNAs responsible for invasiveness, apoptosis, resistance to treatment, angiogenesis, proliferation and immunology, and many others. The research conducted in recent years analyzing this group of tumors has shown the important role of miRNA in the course of gliomagenesis. These particles seem to participate in many stages of the development of cancer processes, such as proliferation, angiogenesis, regulation of apoptosis or cell resistance to cytostatics.
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16
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Zhang WJ, Song B, Yang T. MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:10675-10681. [PMID: 31920377 PMCID: PMC6934124 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s233776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to assess the clinical significance of determining the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and TIMP-2 in the peripheral blood of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). METHODS Forty-nine patients with benign thyroid lesions and 57 patients with DTC were examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method preoperatively and 1 month after operation. RESULTS The levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in the peripheral blood of patients with DTC were significantly higher than those measured in patients with benign thyroid disease (P<0.05). After surgery, these levels in the peripheral blood of patients with benign thyroid lesions were not significantly changed (P>0.05). However, after operation, these levels in the peripheral blood of patients with DTC were significantly lower (P<0.05). These levels in the serum of patients with DTC which were tumor-node-metastasis stage, tumor diameter ≥l cm, infiltrating capsula outside or existing lymph metastasis were significantly higher than those reported in patients with early tumor-node-metastasis stage, tumor diameter DISCUSSION Detecting the levels of these factors in peripheral blood is helpful in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid lesions, and can be used as a basis for the prognosis of DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-jing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin300192, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Song
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin300192, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin300192, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Agraval H, Yadav UCS. MMP-2 and MMP-9 mediate cigarette smoke extract-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in airway epithelial cells via EGFR/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway: Amelioration by fisetin. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 314:108846. [PMID: 31606474 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in EMT but their role in the regulation of cigarette smoke-induced EMT in airway epithelium is not clear. We have therefore investigated the potential role of MMP-2 and -9 in cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induced EMT using A549 lung epithelial cells and human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC). The cells were treated with different concentration of CSE, and MTT and trypan blue assays, acridine orange-ethidium bromide assay, gelatin zymography, Western blotting, immunofluorescence studies, Boyden-chamber assay, wound healing assay and air-liquid interface (ALI) culture were used to assess different cellular and molecular changes associated with EMT. The results depict that CSE increased the cytotoxicity along with a concurrent increase in the expression and activity of MMP-2 and -9. CSE further altered EMT markers like E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, and the molecular modulators of EMT such as β-catenin and pGSK-3β. Further, CSE also upregulated EGFR, AKT, and ERK1/2 in airway epithelial cells. SB-3CT, a known inhibitor of MMP-2 and -9, altered and reversed the expression of markers of EMT and kinases, validating the role of MMP-2 and -9 in CSE-induced EMT. Fisetin, a plant-derived bioflavonoid, also reversed the expression of EMT markers and molecular regulators in a similar fashion as SB-3CT. In summary, this study highlights the role of MMP-2 and -9 in CSE-induced EMT and curate its molecular cascade through EGFR/AKT/ERK/β-catenin axis, which could be restored by MMP-2 and -9 inhibitor and fisetin. Fisetin is hitherto unknown to modulate CSE-induced MMPs activity in airway epithelial cells, and our study suggests its potential role as a therapeutic approach in CSE-induced EMT in lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Agraval
- Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Pathologies Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Sector 30, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Umesh C S Yadav
- Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Pathologies Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Sector 30, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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Litak J, Mazurek M, Grochowski C, Kamieniak P, Roliński J. PD-L1/PD-1 Axis in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5347. [PMID: 31661771 PMCID: PMC6862444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most popular primary central nervous system cancer and has an extremely expansive course. Aggressive tumor growth correlates with short median overall survival (OS) oscillating between 14 and 17 months. The survival rate of patients in a three-year follow up oscillates around 10%. The interaction of the proteins programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1) creates an immunoregulatory axis promoting invasion of glioblastoma multiforme cells in the brain tissue. The PD-1 pathway maintains immunological homeostasis and protects against autoimmunity. PD-L1 expression on glioblastoma surface promotes PD-1 receptor activation in microglia, resulting in the negative regulation of T cell responses. Glioblastoma multiforme cells induce PD-L1 secretion by activation of various receptors such as toll like receptor (TLR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), interferon alpha receptor (IFNAR), interferon-gamma receptor (IFNGR). Binding of the PD-1 ligand to the PD-1 receptor activates the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, which dephosphorylates Zap 70, and this inhibits T cell proliferation and downregulates lymphocyte cytotoxic activity. Relevant studies demonstrated that the expression of PD-L1 in glioma correlates with WHO grading and could be considered as a tumor biomarker. Studies in preclinical GBM mouse models confirmed the safety and efficiency of monoclonal antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Satisfactory results such as significant regression of tumor mass and longer animal survival time were observed. Monoclonal antibodies inhibiting PD-1 and PD-L1 are being tested in clinical trials concerning patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marek Mazurek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
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Kalli M, Voutouri C, Minia A, Pliaka V, Fotis C, Alexopoulos LG, Stylianopoulos T. Mechanical Compression Regulates Brain Cancer Cell Migration Through MEK1/Erk1 Pathway Activation and GDF15 Expression. Front Oncol 2019; 9:992. [PMID: 31612114 PMCID: PMC6777415 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical compression is a common abnormality of brain tumors that has been shown to be responsible for the severe neurological defects of brain cancer patients representing a negative prognostic factor. Indeed, it is of note that patients that undergo resection exhibited higher survival rates than those subjected to biopsy only, suggesting that compressive forces generated during brain tumor growth play a key role in tumor progression. Despite the importance of mechanical compression in brain tumors, there is a lack of studies examining its direct effects on brain cancer cells and the mechanisms involved. In the present study, we used two brain cancer cell lines with distinct metastatic potential, the less aggressive H4 and the highly aggressive A172 cell lines, in order to study the effect of compression on their proliferative and migratory ability. Specifically, we used multicellular tumor spheroids (MCS) embedded in agarose matrix to show that compression strongly impaired their growth. Using mathematical modeling, we estimated the levels of compressive stress generated during the growth of brain MCS and then we applied the respective stress levels on brain cancer cell monolayers using our previously established transmembrane pressure device. By performing a scratch assay, we found that compression strongly induced the migration of the less aggressive H4 cells, while a less pronounced effect was observed for A172 cells. Analysis of the gene expression profile of both cell lines revealed that GDF15 and small GTPases are strongly regulated by mechanical compression, while GDF15 was further shown to be necessary for cells to migrate under compression. Through a phospho-proteomic screening, we further found that compressive stimulus is transmitted through the MEK1/Erk1 signaling pathway, which is also necessary for the migration of brain cancer cells. Finally, our results gave the first indication that GDF15 could regulate and being regulated by MEK1/Erk1 signaling pathway in order to facilitate the compression-induced brain cancer cell migration, rendering them along with small GTPases as potential targets for future anti-metastatic therapeutic innovations to treat brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kalli
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chrysovalantis Voutouri
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Christos Fotis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas G Alexopoulos
- ProtATonce Ltd, Athens, Greece.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Wang C, Wang X, Liu J, Huang Z, Li C, Liu Y, Sang X, Yang L, Wang S, Su Y, Liu C, Liu Y, Wang Z. Embryonic stem cell microenvironment suppresses the malignancy of cutaneous melanoma cells by down-regulating PI3K/AKT pathway. Cancer Med 2019; 8:4265-4277. [PMID: 31173492 PMCID: PMC6675703 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant cancer cells engage in a dynamic reciprocity with the tumor microenvironment (TME) that promotes tumor growth, development, and resistance to therapy. Early embryonic blastocyst microenvironments can reverse the tumorigenic phenotype of malignant cancer cells via ameliorating of TME. It is potential to apply embryonic stem cell (ESC) microenvironment to suppress the malignant behaviors of cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate a better method and the mechanism of ESC microenvironment supplied by ESCs on suppressing the malignancy of cutaneous melanoma cells. Cutaneous melanoma cell line A2058 were cultured and divided into four groups: (a) A2058-only (Control); (b) A2058 and ESCs continuously co-cultured (Group One); (c) A2058 co-cultured with daily refreshed ESCs (Group two); (d) Group one with VO-Ohpic, inhibitor of PTEN (VO-Ohpic Group). The results showed that, compared to control group, A2058 cells in group one exhibited decreased cellular proliferation, migration, invasiveness and vasculogenic mimicry concomitant with an increase in cell apoptosis, accompanied by down-regulation of PI3K/AKT pathway. Besides, the above mentioned anti-tumor effects on A2058 cells were significantly enhanced in group two but statistically weakened after administration of VO-Ohpic compared to group one. We demonstrate that ESC microenvironment reduces the malignancy of A2058 by down-regulating PI3K/AKT pathway. Notably, such anti-tumor effects can be enhanced by appropriately increasing the quality and quantity of ESCs in co-culture system. Our results suggest that ESC microenvironment could be an effective and safe approach to treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060China
| | - Zheqian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060China
| | - Chaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060China
| | - Xuan Sang
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060China
| | - Shoubi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060China
| | - Yaru Su
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060China
| | - Chengxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060China
| | - Zhichong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of OphthalmologyZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060China
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Xie C, Lu D, Xu M, Qu Z, Zhang W, Wang H. Knockdown of RAD18 inhibits glioblastoma development. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21100-21112. [PMID: 31081138 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the role of RAD18 in the regulation of glioblastoma development as well as the underlying mechanisms. The human glioblastoma U251 and U87MG cells were transfected with siRNAs specifically targeting RAD18, and the effects of knockdown of RAD18 on the viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of U251 and U87MG cells were investigated. Transcriptome sequencing of the siRNA-RAD18-tranfected and siRNA-NC-transfected U251 cells was performed, followed by bioinformatic analyses for sequencing data. The results showed that knockdown of RAD18 significantly inhibited cell viability, promoted apoptosis, and suppressed migration and invasion of U251 and U87MG cells. Bioinformatic analyses of sequencing data identified 1,051 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (369 up- and 682 downregulated genes) in the siRNA-RAD18-transfected U251 cells compared with siRNA-NC-transfected U251 cells. Eleven DEGs, including nerve growth factor (NGF), colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1), platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA), and heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), were identified as the hub nodes in protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Moreover, the aforementioned 11 hub genes were significantly enriched in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and GO functions associated with the extracellular region. Notably, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction further confirmed that the expression levels of NGF, CSF2, HMOX1, and MMP1 were significantly downregulated, while that of PDGFRA was markedly upregulated in the siRNA-RAD18-transfected U251 cells than in the siRNA-NC cells. In conclusion, the knockdown of RAD18 may inhibit glioblastoma development by regulating the expression of the aforementioned key DEGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejuan Lu
- Department of Endoscope, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First People's Hospital of Heihe, Heihe, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyi Qu
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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22
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Yang F, Xu J, Li H, Tan M, Xiong X, Sun Y. FBXW2 suppresses migration and invasion of lung cancer cells via promoting β-catenin ubiquitylation and degradation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1382. [PMID: 30918250 PMCID: PMC6437151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
FBXW2 inhibits proliferation of lung cancer cells by targeting SKP2 for degradation. Whether and how FBXW2 regulates tumor invasion and metastasis is previously unknown. Here, we report that FBXW2 is an E3 ligase for β-catenin. FBXW2 binds to β-catenin upon EGF-AKT1-mediated phosphorylation on Ser552, and promotes its ubiquitylation and degradation. FBXW2 overexpression reduces β-catenin levels and protein half-life, whereas FBXW2 knockdown increases β-catenin levels, protein half-life and transcriptional activity. Functionally, FBXW2 overexpression inhibits migration and invasion by blocking transactivation of MMPs driven by β-catenin, whereas FXBW2 knockdown promotes migration, invasion and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo lung cancer models. In human lung cancer specimens, while FBXW2 levels are inversely correlated with β-catenin levels and lymph-node metastasis, lower FBXW2 coupled with higher β-catenin, predict a worse patient survival. Collectively, our study demonstrates that FBXW2 inhibits tumor migration, invasion and metastasis in lung cancer cells by targeting β-catenin for degradation. FBXW2 is an F-box protein that target substrates for degradation through SCF E3 ligase. Here, the authors show that FBXW2 suppresses lung cancer migration and invasion by promoting degradation of β-catenin and this is dependent on EGF-AKT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310029, Hangzhou, China.,Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, 4424B MS-1, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, MI48109, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, 4424B MS-1, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, MI48109, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, 4424B MS-1, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, MI48109, USA
| | - Mingjia Tan
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, 4424B MS-1, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, MI48109, USA
| | - Xiufang Xiong
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310029, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310029, Hangzhou, China. .,Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, 4424B MS-1, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, MI48109, USA.
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23
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Binder ZA, Thorne AH, Bakas S, Wileyto EP, Bilello M, Akbari H, Rathore S, Ha SM, Zhang L, Ferguson CJ, Dahiya S, Bi WL, Reardon DA, Idbaih A, Felsberg J, Hentschel B, Weller M, Bagley SJ, Morrissette JJD, Nasrallah MP, Ma J, Zanca C, Scott AM, Orellana L, Davatzikos C, Furnari FB, O'Rourke DM. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Extracellular Domain Mutations in Glioblastoma Present Opportunities for Clinical Imaging and Therapeutic Development. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:163-177.e7. [PMID: 29990498 PMCID: PMC6424337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We explored the clinical and pathological impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) extracellular domain missense mutations. Retrospective assessment of 260 de novo glioblastoma patients revealed a significant reduction in overall survival of patients having tumors with EGFR mutations at alanine 289 (EGFRA289D/T/V). Quantitative multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging analyses indicated increased tumor invasion for EGFRA289D/T/V mutants, corroborated in mice bearing intracranial tumors expressing EGFRA289V and dependent on ERK-mediated expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1. EGFRA289V tumor growth was attenuated with an antibody against a cryptic epitope, based on in silico simulation. The findings of this study indicate a highly invasive phenotype associated with the EGFRA289V mutation in glioblastoma, postulating EGFRA289V as a molecular marker for responsiveness to therapy with EGFR-targeting antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zev A Binder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Spyridon Bakas
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E Paul Wileyto
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michel Bilello
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hamed Akbari
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Saima Rathore
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sung Min Ha
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Logan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cole J Ferguson
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Sonika Dahiya
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Wenya Linda Bi
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Reardon
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris 75013, France
| | - Joerg Felsberg
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Moorenstrasse 5, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Bettina Hentschel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Härtelstrasse 16, Leipzig 04107, Germany
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Stephen J Bagley
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer J D Morrissette
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - MacLean P Nasrallah
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jianhui Ma
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, USA
| | - Ciro Zanca
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, USA
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura Orellana
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Frank B Furnari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, San Diego 92093, USA.
| | - Donald M O'Rourke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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24
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Tian R, Li X, Gao Y, Li Y, Yang P, Wang K. Identification and validation of the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in cervical cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1198-1208. [PMID: 29436615 PMCID: PMC5843389 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) metastasis at an early stage of cervical cancer is often an indicator of poor prognosis and is critical for subsequent adjuvant therapy. The current study aimed to identify aberrant gene signatures and biomarkers of metastasis for patients with cervical cancer. RNA-sequencing data of 132 LN negative (N0) and 60 LN positive (N1) cervical cancer samples obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes were identified using R packages 'edgeR' and 'limma'. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were conducted. The GSE9750 dataset obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus was analyzed to identify genes that are persistently aberrantly expressed during the development of cervical cancer. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway was screened out to be significant during LN metastasis. In the two analyzed datasets, 11 genes were aberrantly expressed, while matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) was the only gene that was persistently overexpressed. Cell viability, wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the effects of MMP1 knockdown in cervical cancer cell lines, and the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers was detected. Finally, the clinical significance of MMP1 was investigated. The current study identified that MMP1 was overexpressed and the PPAR signaling pathway was associated LN metastasis in patients with cervical cancer. Following knockdown of MMP1, the proliferation, migration and invasion of cervical cancer cell lines were weakened, the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin was increased, and the expression of metastasis-associated gene vimentin was decreased. MMP1 was an independent prognostic factor for cervical cancer. The current study indicated that MMP1 has a key role in the regulation of cervical tumor growth and LN metastasis via EMT to a certain extent. The results suggest that MMP1 may be a biomarker for LN metastasis of cervical cancer, and further validation should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yan'e Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Kunzheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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25
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Zheng LQ, Wang R, Chi SM, Li CX. Matrix metalloproteinase 1: a better biomarker for squamous cell carcinoma by multiple microarray analyses. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2017; 154:327-337. [PMID: 29249121 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.17.05770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to validate MMP1 role in the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by bioinformatics methods. METHODS Gene expression data of 10 GSE series (5 HNSCCs and 5 cSCCs) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RESULTS Higher expression of MMP1 was found rank number one in 9/10 GSE series of SCC. MMP1 was mainly focused on Gene Ontology (GO) terms of collagen catabolic process, extracellular matrix disassembly. The analysis results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways mainly involved Rheumatoid arthritis, Bladder cancer and Pathways in cancer. Also, MMP1 was identified as a hub protein in the PPI network by using Cytoscape software. In addition, others MMPs members of family were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that MMP1 may be pivotal to the transition from normal skin to premalignant lesions to SCC, thus representing a potential therapeutic target gene of diagnosis and prevention in SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Dermatology, the 251st Hospital of Chinese PLA, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Min Chi
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Cheng-Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China -
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26
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Keller S, Schmidt MHH. EGFR and EGFRvIII Promote Angiogenesis and Cell Invasion in Glioblastoma: Combination Therapies for an Effective Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28629170 PMCID: PMC5486116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the mutant EGFRvIII are major focal points in current concepts of targeted cancer therapy for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most malignant primary brain tumor. The receptors participate in the key processes of tumor cell invasion and tumor-related angiogenesis and their upregulation correlates with the poor prognosis of glioma patients. Glioma cell invasion and increased angiogenesis share mechanisms of the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) through upregulation of ECM-degrading proteases as well as the activation of aberrant signaling pathways. This review describes the role of EGFR and EGFRvIII in those mechanisms which might offer new combined therapeutic approaches targeting EGFR or EGFRvIII together with drug treatments against proteases of the ECM or downstream signaling to increase the inhibitory effects of mono-therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Keller
- Molecular Signal Transduction Laboratories, Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Mainz Neuroscience Network (rmn2), Johannes Gutenberg University, School of Medicine, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Mirko H H Schmidt
- Molecular Signal Transduction Laboratories, Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Mainz Neuroscience Network (rmn2), Johannes Gutenberg University, School of Medicine, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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27
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Schötterl S, Hübner M, Armento A, Veninga V, Wirsik NM, Bernatz S, Lentzen H, Mittelbronn M, Naumann U. Viscumins functionally modulate cell motility-associated gene expression. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:684-696. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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28
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Makowiecka A, Simiczyjew A, Nowak D, Mazur AJ. Varying effects of EGF, HGF and TGFβ on formation of invadopodia and invasiveness of melanoma cell lines of different origin. Eur J Histochem 2016; 60:2728. [PMID: 28076931 PMCID: PMC5178804 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2016.2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of melanoma malignancy mechanisms is essential for patient survival, because melanoma is responsible for ca. 75% of deaths related to skin cancers. Enhanced formation of invadopodia and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation are two important drivers of cell invasion, and actin dynamics facilitate protrusive activity by providing a driving force to push through the ECM. We focused on the influence of epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) on melanoma cell invasiveness, since they are observed in the melanoma microenvironment. All three factors stimulated invasion of A375 and WM1341D cells derived from primary tumor sites. In contrast, only EGF and HGF stimulated invasion of WM9 and Hs294T cells isolated from lymph node metastasis. Enhanced formation of invadopodia and ECM degradation underlie the increased amount of invasive cells after stimulation with the tested agents. Generally, a rise in invasive potential was accompanied by a decrease in actin polymerization state (F:G ratio). The F:G ratio remained unchanged or was even increased in cell lines from a metastasis treated with TGFβ. Our findings indicate that the effects of stimulation with EGF, HGF and TGFβ on melanoma cell invasiveness could depend on melanoma cell progression stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Makowiecka
- University of Wrocław, Department of Cell Pathology.
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29
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Matrix metalloproteinase-1 induction by diethyldithiocarbamate is regulated via Akt and ERK/miR222/ETS-1 pathways in hepatic stellate cells. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160111. [PMID: 27412967 PMCID: PMC4995499 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) plays an important role in fibrolysis by degrading excessively deposited collagen I and III. We previously demonstrated that diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) up-regulates MMP-1 in hepatic stellate cells via the ERK1/2 and Akt signalling pathways. In the current study, we attempted to further explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of MMP-1. We treated a co-cultured system that included hepatocytes (C3A) and hepatic stellate cells (LX-2) with DDC. The data revealed that the transcriptional factor ETS-1, which is an important regulator of MMP-1, was up-regulated in LX-2 cells following DDC treatment. Furthermore, the up-regulation of MMP-1 by DDC has been abrogated through employing si-ETS-1 to block expression of ETS-1. We found that DDC significantly inhibited the expression of miR-222 in LX-2 cells. We transfected miR-222 mimic into LX-2 cells and then co-cultured the cells with C3A. The up-regulation of ETS-1 and MMP-1 in LX-2 cells treated with DDC were inhibited after miR-222 mimic transfection. These data indicate that DDC up-regulated MMP-1 in LX-2 cells through the miR-222/ETS-1 pathway. Finally, we treated the co-cultured system with an Akt inhibitor (T3830) and an ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126). Both T3830 and U0126 blocked the suppression of miR-222 by DDC in LX-2. Collectively, these data indicate that DDC up-regulated MMP-1 in LX-2 cells through the Akt and ERK/miR-222/ETS-1 pathways. Our study provides experimental data that will aid the control of the process of fibrolysis in liver fibrosis prevention and treatment.
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30
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Liu M, Hu Y, Zhang MF, Luo KJ, Xie XY, Wen J, Fu JH, Yang H. MMP1 promotes tumor growth and metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2016; 377:97-104. [PMID: 27130665 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases play an essential role in the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Here, we show that MMP1 expression was markedly increased in a majority of ESCC compared with nontumorous tissue. High expressions of MMP1 were closely associated with lymph node metastasis, microvessel density and advanced TNM stage. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analyses indicated MMP1 as an independent factor for overall survival in two independent cohorts of 613 patients with ESCC. In vitro studies demonstrated that MMP1 overexpression resulted in enhanced cell viability, abilities of colony formation and cell migration. The knockdown of MMP1 in ESCC cells resulted in the opposite phenomenon. Consistently, in vivo data showed that ectopic expression of MMP1 promoted tumor growth and metastasis. Further study revealed that MMP1 facilitated ESCC through the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway by LY294002 significantly attenuated MMP1-mediated cell proliferation and migration. Taken together, our data suggest that MMP1 functions as an oncogene and serves as a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Fang Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kong-Jia Luo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Xie
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Fu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Kawal P, Chandra A, Rajkumar, Dhole TN, Ojha B. Correlations of polymorphisms in matrix metalloproteinase-1, -2, and -7 promoters to susceptibility to malignant gliomas. Asian J Neurosurg 2016; 11:160-6. [PMID: 27057223 PMCID: PMC4802938 DOI: 10.4103/1793-5482.145338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oligodendrogliomas are infiltrative astrocytic tumors. They constitute about 1-5% of intracranial tumors. These have been graded into benign and malignant grades. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter regions of MMP genes may influence tumor development and progression. This study was done to explore the correlations of the promoter SNPs in MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-7 genes susceptibility in development and progression of oligodendrogliomas. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the association of MMP1 (−1607A > G), MMP-2 (−1306 C/T) and MMP-7(−181A > G) gene polymorphism in oligodendrogliomas (grade I, II, III). Materials and Methods: In the present case control study, we enrolled a total of 30 cases of oligodendrogliomas (grade I to III) confirmed by histopathology and 30 healthy cases as control. Polymorphism for MMP-1 gene (−1607A > G), MMP-2 (−1306 C/T), MMP-7(−181A > G) were genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: Frequencies of MMP-1 (−1607A > G) genotypes and 2G alleles were significantly associated with the cases of oligodendrogliomas (30%) in relation to healthy controls (13%). [OR = 6.89; P = 0.02; 95%CI= (1.33-35.62)] and [OR = 2.66; P =0.01; 95% CI= (1.26-5.64)]. A significant association of MMP-2 (−1306C/T) polymorphism with oligodendroglioma (P = 0.54) was not found, suggesting that MMP-2 (−1306C/T) polymorphism is not associated with increased oligodendroglioma susceptibility. Frequencies of MMP-7(−181A > G) genotypes and 2G alleles were significantly associated with the cases of oligodendrogliomas (33.33%) in relation to healthy controls (13.33%). [OR = 5.65; P = 0.02; 95%CI= (1.26-25.36)] and [OR = 2.49; P =0.01; 95% CI= (1.17-5.27)]. Conclusions: MMP-1 (−1607 A > G), MMP-7(−181A > G) genotypes and 2G alleles were significantly associated with oligodendroglioma (grade I, II, III), but MMP-2 (−1306C/T) polymorphism is not associated with increased oligodendroglioma susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kawal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Chandra
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Neurosurgery, Chatrapati Shri Shahuji Mharaj Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajkumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan N Dhole
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Balkrishna Ojha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Casticin Inhibits A375.S2 Human Melanoma Cell Migration/Invasion through Downregulating NF-κB and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -1. Molecules 2016; 21:384. [PMID: 27007357 PMCID: PMC6274196 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Casticin is one of the main components from Fructus Viticis, which is widely used as an anti-inflammatory agent. The mechanism of how casticin affects melanoma cell migration and invasion is still not well known. Here we studied the anti-metastasis effects of casticin on A375.S2 melanoma cells by using a non-lethal concentration. First; we used an adhesion assay to test the A375.S2 cells’ adhesion ability after treatment with casticin. We next investigated the cell migration ability after casticin treatment by using a wound healing assay to prove that the migration of A375.S2 cells can be inhibited by casticin and double checked the results using the transwell-migration assay. The suppressive effects on matrix metalloproteinase-2; and -9 (MMP-2; and -9) activities were examined by gelatin zymography. Furthermore, western blotting was used to investigate the protein level changes in A375.S2 cells. We found that p-EGFR; Ras and p-ERK1/2 are decreased by casticin, indicating that casticin can down-regulate the migration and invasion ability of A375.S2 cells via the p-EGFR/Ras/p-ERK pathway. The NF-κB p65 and p-ERK levels in nuclear proteins are also decreased by treatment with casticin. An EMSA assay also discovered that the NF-κB p65 and DNA interaction is decreased. NF-κB p65 protein level was examined by immunofluorescence staining and also decreased. Our findings suggest that casticin has anti-metastatic potential by decreasing the invasiveness of A375.S2 cells. We also found that casticin suppressed A375.S2 cell proliferation and cell adhesion ability, but did not affect cell death, as examined using cytometry and a collagen adhesion assay. Based on these observations, casticin could be used as an inhibitor of migration and invasion of human melanoma cells in the future.
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Kaempferol and inflammation: From chemistry to medicine. Pharmacol Res 2015; 99:1-10. [PMID: 25982933 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an important process of human healing response, wherein the tissues respond to injuries induced by many agents including pathogens. It is characterized by pain, redness and heat in the injured tissues. Chronic inflammation seems to be associated with different types of diseases such as arthritis, allergies, atherosclerosis, and even cancer. In recent years natural product based drugs are considered as the novel therapeutic strategy for prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. Among the different types of phyto-constituents present in natural products, flavonoids which occur in many vegetable foods and herbal medicines are considered as the most active constituent, which has the potency to ameliorate inflammation under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Kaempferol is a natural flavonol present in different plant species, which has been described to possess potent anti-inflammatory properties. Despite the voluminous literature on the anti-inflammatory effects of kaempferol, only very limited review articles has been published on this topic. Hence the present review is aimed to provide a critical overview on the anti-inflammatory effects and the mechanisms of action of kaempferol, based on the current scientific literature. In addition, emphasis is also given on the chemistry, natural sources, bioavailability and toxicity of kaempferol.
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MERCAPIDE JAVIER, LORICO AURELIO. Adhesion signaling promotes protease-driven polyploidization of glioblastoma cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:1365-71. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Huang HC, Tsai LL, Tsai JP, Hsieh SC, Yang SF, Hsueh JT, Hsieh YH. Licochalcone A inhibits the migration and invasion of human lung cancer cells via inactivation of the Akt signaling pathway with downregulation of MMP-1/-3 expression. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:12139-49. [PMID: 25149157 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Licochalcone A (LicA), a major phenolic constituent of Glycyrrhiza inflata, has been reported to exhibit anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-metastatic properties in various cancer cells and animal models. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-tumor effects of LicA on lung cancer cells. The results indicated that LicA exhibited effective inhibition of cell migration and invasion of A549 and H460 cells under non-cytotoxic concentrations. Furthermore, LicA was also found to significantly inhibit the proteins and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in A549 cells. Moreover, treatment of A549 cells with LicA-inhibited activation of the phosphorylation of Akt and inhibition of Akt by LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) or transfection with the constitutive active-Akt (CA-Akt) expression vector significantly abolished the LicA-inhibited migration and invasion through activation of the Akt pathway. Further mechanistic studies revealed that LicA inhibits Akt signaling pathways and downstream transcription factors Sp1 expression. These findings imply a critical role for Akt inhibition in the LicA-inhibited migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Thus, LicA might be used as an anti-invasive agent in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Che Huang
- Visiting staff, Division of General thoracic Surgery, Department of surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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Collaborative overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor-C predicts adverse prognosis in patients with gliomas. Cancer Epidemiol 2013; 37:697-702. [PMID: 23870768 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), a member of the MMP family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases, has been detected to be strongly expressed in gliomas with high tumor grade and to be correlated with increased tumor invasiveness. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), which is able to induce MMP-1 transcription, has been found to be upregulated in glioblastoma compared to low grade gliomas and non-neoplastic brain. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical significance of the co-expression of MMP-1 and VEGF-C in glioma patients on determining the prognosis. METHODS One hundred and sixteen glioma patients (26 World Health Organization (WHO) grade I, 30 WHO grade II, 30 WHO grade III, and 30 WHO grade IV) and 15 non-neoplastic brain specimens acquired from 15 patients undergoing surgery for epilepsy as control were collected. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of MMP-1 and VEGF-C in glioma and non-neoplastic brain tissues. The correlations of collaborative MMP-1 and VEGF-C expression with selected clinicopathologic parameters and clinical outcome of glioma patients were also assessed. RESULTS Both MMP-1 and VEGF-C expression were significantly higher in glioma tissues compared to non-neoplastic brain tissues (both P<0.001). Of 116 glioma patients, 68 (58.62%) overexpressed MMP-1 and VEGF-C simultaneously. In addition, combined MMP-1 and VEGF-C expression was significantly associated with WHO grade (P<0.001) and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score (P=0.01). Moreover, glioma patients expressing both MMP-1 and VEGF-C exhibited markedly poorer overall survival (P<0.001). According to the multivariate analyses, collaborative overexpression of MMP-1 and VEGF-C was found to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated for the first time that overexpression of both MMP-1 and VEGF-C may be an independent poor prognostic factor in gliomas, suggesting the interaction between MMP-1 and VEGF-C collaboratively stimulated advanced tumor progression and adverse outcome. Inhibiting both MMP-1 and VEGF-C could be a novel therapeutic approach for gliomas.
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Liu T, Wang P, Cong M, Xu Y, Jia J, You H. The CYP2E1 inhibitor DDC up-regulates MMP-1 expression in hepatic stellate cells via an ERK1/2- and Akt-dependent mechanism. Biosci Rep 2013; 33:BSR20130033. [PMID: 23577625 PMCID: PMC3673035 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20130033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DDC (diethyldithiocarbamate) could block collagen synthesis in HSC (hepatic stellate cells) through the inhibition of ROS (reactive oxygen species) derived from hepatocyte CYP2E1 (cytochrome P450 2E1). However, the effect of DDC on MMP-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1), which is the main collagen degrading matrix metalloproteinase, has not been reported. In co-culture experiments, we found that DDC significantly enhanced MMP-1 expression in human HSC (LX-2) that were cultured with hepatocyte C3A cells either expressing or not expressing CYP2E1. The levels of both proenzyme and active MMP-1 enzyme were up-regulated in LX-2 cells, accompanied by elevated enzyme activity of MMP-1 and decreased collagen I, in both LX-2 cells and the culture medium. H2O2 treatment abrogated DDC-induced MMP-1 up-regulation and collagen I decrease, while catalase treatment slightly up-regulated MMP-1 expression. These data suggested that the decrease in ROS by DDC was partially responsible for the MMP-1 up-regulation. ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2), Akt (protein kinase B) and p38 were significantly activated by DDC. The ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) and Akt inhibitor (T3830) abrogated the DDC-induced MMP-1 up-regulation. In addition, a p38 inhibitor (SB203580) improved MMP-1 up-regulation through the stimulation of ERK1/2. Our data indicate that DDC significantly up-regulates the expression of MMP-1 in LX-2 cells which results in greater MMP-1 enzyme activity and decreased collagen I. The enhancement of MMP-1 expression by DDC was associated with H2O2 inhibition and coordinated regulation by the ERK1/2 and Akt pathways. These data provide some new insights into treatment strategies for hepatic fibrosis.
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Key Words
- collagen
- cytochrome p450 2e1
- diethyldithiocarbamate
- matrix metalloproteinase-1
- mitogen-activated protein kinases
- reactive oxygen species
- akt, protein kinase b
- ash, alcoholic steatohepatitis
- cyp2e1, cytochrome p450 2e1
- dcf, dichlorofluorescin
- ddc, diethyldithiocarbamate
- ecm, extracellular matrix
- erk, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- hsc, hepatic stellate cell
- mapk, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- mmp-1, matrix metalloproteinase-1
- nash, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- ros, reactive oxygen species
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Liu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Cong
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Youqing Xu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong You
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Overexpression of CD97 confers an invasive phenotype in glioblastoma cells and is associated with decreased survival of glioblastoma patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62765. [PMID: 23658650 PMCID: PMC3637305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of invasion in glioblastoma (GBM) relate to differential expression of proteins conferring increased motility and penetration of the extracellular matrix. CD97 is a member of the epidermal growth factor seven-span transmembrane family of adhesion G-protein coupled receptors. These proteins facilitate mobility of leukocytes into tissue. In this study we show that CD97 is expressed in glioma, has functional effects on invasion, and is associated with poor overall survival. Glioma cell lines and low passage primary cultures were analyzed. Functional significance was assessed by transient knockdown using siRNA targeting CD97 or a non-target control sequence. Invasion was assessed 48 hours after siRNA-mediated knockdown using a Matrigel-coated invasion chamber. Migration was quantified using a scratch assay over 12 hours. Proliferation was measured 24 and 48 hours after confirmed protein knockdown. GBM cell lines and primary cultures were found to express CD97. Knockdown of CD97 decreased invasion and migration in GBM cell lines, with no difference in proliferation. Gene-expression based Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed using The Cancer Genome Atlas, demonstrating an inverse relationship between CD97 expression and survival. GBMs expressing high levels of CD97 were associated with decreased survival compared to those with low CD97 (p = 0.007). CD97 promotes invasion and migration in GBM, but has no effect on tumor proliferation. This phenotype may explain the discrepancy in survival between high and low CD97-expressing tumors. This data provides impetus for further studies to determine its viability as a therapeutic target in the treatment of GBM.
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Bernhart E, Damm S, Wintersperger A, DeVaney T, Zimmer A, Raynham T, Ireson C, Sattler W. Protein kinase D2 regulates migration and invasion of U87MG glioblastoma cells in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:2037-2048. [PMID: 23562655 PMCID: PMC3715702 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor, which, despite combined modality treatment, reoccurs and is invariably fatal for affected patients. Recently, a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase D (PRKD) family, PRKD2, was shown to be a potent mediator of glioblastoma growth. Here we studied the role of PRKD2 in U87MG glioblastoma cell migration and invasion in response to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), an activator of PRKD2 and a GBM mitogen. Time-lapse microscopy demonstrated that random cell migration was significantly diminished in response to PRKD2 silencing. The pharmacological PRKD family inhibitor CRT0066101 decreased chemotactic migration and invasion across uncoated or matrigel-coated Transwell inserts. Silencing of PRKD2 attenuated migration and invasion of U87MG cells even more effectively. In terms of downstream signaling, CRT0066101 prevented PRKD2 autophosphorylation and inhibited p44/42 MAPK and to a smaller extent p54/46 JNK and p38 MAPK activation. PRKD2 silencing impaired activation of p44/42 MAPK and p54/46 JNK, downregulated nuclear c-Jun protein levels and decreased c-JunS73 phosphorylation without affecting the NFκB pathway. Finally, qPCR array analyses revealed that silencing of PRKD2 downregulates mRNA levels of integrin alpha-2 and -4 (ITGA2 and -4), plasminogen activator urokinase (PLAU), plasminogen activator urokinase receptor (PLAUR), and matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1). Findings of the present study identify PRKD2 as a potential target to interfere with glioblastoma cell migration and invasion, two major determinants contributing to recurrence of glioblastoma after multimodality treatment. Sphingosine-1-phosphate induces glioma cell migration and invasion. Part of the effects is mediated by protein kinase D2 (PRKD2) activation. Inactivation of PRKD2 attenuates glioblastoma cell migration and invasion. Both, RNAi and pharmacological inhibition of PRKD2 inhibits MAPK signaling. PRKD2 regulates transcription of gene products implicated in migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bernhart
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Damm
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Wintersperger
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Trevor DeVaney
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Ajeawung NF, Joshi HC, Kamnasaran D. The microtubule binding drug EM011 inhibits the growth of paediatric low grade gliomas. Cancer Lett 2013; 335:109-18. [PMID: 23402815 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Low grade gliomas are a heterogeneous group of tumours representing the most common form of neoplasms in the central nervous system among children. Although gross total resection remains the principal treatment, it is often impractical especially for the resection of tumours within eloquent regions of the brain. Instead Radiotherapy is utilised in such cases, but because of its associated toxicities, it is refrained from use among younger children. These limitations coupled with hypersensitivity and toxicities associated with some commonly used chemotherapeutic agents, have ignited the need to search for safer and more effective treatments for paediatric low grade gliomas. In this study, we investigated the EM011 drug on the growth of two pilocytic and one diffuse paediatric astrocytoma cell lines, using an assortment of cancer assays. We discovered that treatments of low grade gliomas with EM011 abrogated cell viability by inducing a decrease in cell proliferation and an arrest in the S and G2M cell cycle phases, followed by a converse increase in apoptosis in a dose and time dependent manner. The cell migratory and invasion indices, as well as anchorage independent growth in soft agarose, were significantly attenuated. These findings were mechanistically associated with a transient release of AIF, a disruption of microtubule architecture, and a decline in the expression of key genes which drive cancer progression including EGFR, mTORC1, JUN and multiple MMPs. In fact, the activity of MMP2 was also perturbed by EM011. These findings, in conjunction with the insignificant adverse side effects established from other studies, make EM011 an appealing chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of paediatric low grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert F Ajeawung
- Pediatric Research Unit, Centre de Recherche du CHUL, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
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Fluid shear stress regulates metalloproteinase-1 and 2 in human periodontal ligament cells: Involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and P38 signaling pathways. J Biomech 2012; 45:2368-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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EphrinA1 is released in three forms from cancer cells by matrix metalloproteases. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:3253-64. [PMID: 22688511 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.06791-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
EphrinA1 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked ligand for the EphA2 receptor, which is overexpressed in glioblastoma (GBM), among other cancers. Activation of the receptor by ephrinA1 leads to a suppression of oncogenic properties of GBM cells. We documented that a monomeric functional form of ephrinA1 is released from cancer cells and thus explored the mechanism of ephrinA1 release and the primary protein sequence. We demonstrate here that multiple metalloproteases (MMPs) are able to cleave ephrinA1, most notably MMP-1, -2, -9, and -13. The proteolytic cleavage that releases ephrinA1 occurs at three positions near the C terminus, producing three forms ending in valine-175, histidine-177, or serine-178. Moreover, deletion of amino acids 174 to 181 or 175 to 181 yields ephrinA1 that is still GPI linked but not released by proteolysis, underlining the necessity of amino acids 175 to 181 for release from the membrane. Furthermore, recombinant ephrinA1 ending at residue 175 retains activity toward the EphA2 receptor. These findings suggest a mechanism of release and provide evidence for the existence of several forms of monomeric ephrinA1. Moreover, ephrinA1 should be truncated at a minimum at amino acid 175 in fusions or conjugates with other molecules in order to prevent likely proteolysis within physiological and pathobiological environments.
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Rice KD, Aay N, Anand NK, Blazey CM, Bowles OJ, Bussenius J, Costanzo S, Curtis JK, Defina SC, Dubenko L, Engst S, Joshi AA, Kennedy AR, Kim AI, Koltun ES, Lougheed JC, Manalo JCL, Martini JF, Nuss JM, Peto CJ, Tsang TH, Yu P, Johnston S. Novel Carboxamide-Based Allosteric MEK Inhibitors: Discovery and Optimization Efforts toward XL518 (GDC-0973). ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:416-21. [PMID: 24900486 DOI: 10.1021/ml300049d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ERK/MAP kinase cascade is a key mechanism subject to dysregulation in cancer and is constitutively activated or highly upregulated in many tumor types. Mutations associated with upstream pathway components RAS and Raf occur frequently and contribute to the oncogenic phenotype through activation of MEK and then ERK. Inhibitors of MEK have been shown to effectively block upregulated ERK/MAPK signaling in a range of cancer cell lines and have further demonstrated early evidence of efficacy in the clinic for the treatment of cancer. Guided by structural insight, a strategy aimed at the identification of an optimal diphenylamine-based MEK inhibitor with an improved metabolism and safety profile versus PD-0325901 led to the discovery of development candidate 1-({3,4-difluoro-2-[(2-fluoro-4-iodophenyl)amino]phenyl}carbonyl)-3-[(2S)-piperidin-2-yl]azetidin-3-ol (XL518, GDC-0973) (1). XL518 exhibits robust in vitro and in vivo potency and efficacy in preclinical models with sustained duration of action and is currently in early stage clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D. Rice
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Naing Aay
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Neel K. Anand
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Charles M. Blazey
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Owen J. Bowles
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joerg Bussenius
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeffry K. Curtis
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steven C. Defina
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Larisa Dubenko
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Stefan Engst
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Anagha A. Joshi
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Abigail R. Kennedy
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Angie I. Kim
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Elena S. Koltun
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Julie C. Lougheed
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jean-Claire L. Manalo
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jean-Francois Martini
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John M. Nuss
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Csaba J. Peto
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tsze H. Tsang
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Peiwen Yu
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Stuart Johnston
- Exelixis Inc., 210 East
Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Garzon-Muvdi T, Schiapparelli P, ap Rhys C, Guerrero-Cazares H, Smith C, Kim DH, Kone L, Farber H, Lee DY, An SS, Levchenko A, Quiñones-Hinojosa A. Regulation of brain tumor dispersal by NKCC1 through a novel role in focal adhesion regulation. PLoS Biol 2012; 10:e1001320. [PMID: 22570591 PMCID: PMC3341330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is a highly invasive and lethal brain tumor due to its universal recurrence. Although it has been suggested that the electroneutral Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) can play a role in glioma cell migration, the precise mechanism by which this ion transporter contributes to GB aggressiveness remains poorly understood. Here, we focused on the role of NKCC1 in the invasion of human primary glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. NKCC1 expression levels were significantly higher in GB and anaplastic astrocytoma tissues than in grade II glioma and normal cortex. Pharmacological inhibition and shRNA-mediated knockdown of NKCC1 expression led to decreased cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, knockdown of NKCC1 in glioma cells resulted in the formation of significantly larger focal adhesions and cell traction forces that were approximately 40% lower than control cells. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), which promotes migration of glioma cells, increased the phosphorylation of NKCC1 through a PI3K-dependant mechanism. This finding is potentially related to WNK kinases. Taken together, our findings suggest that NKCC1 modulates migration of glioma cells by two distinct mechanisms: (1) through the regulation of focal adhesion dynamics and cell contractility and (2) through regulation of cell volume through ion transport. Due to the ubiquitous expression of NKCC1 in mammalian tissues, its regulation by WNK kinases may serve as new therapeutic targets for GB aggressiveness and can be exploited by other highly invasive neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Garzon-Muvdi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paula Schiapparelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Colette ap Rhys
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hugo Guerrero-Cazares
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Christopher Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lyonell Kone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Harrison Farber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Danielle Y. Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven S. An
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andre Levchenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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45
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[Relationship of epidermal growth factor receptor in lung development]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2012; 34:27-32. [PMID: 22306870 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2012.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a transmembrane protein receptor, is a member of ErbB family with signal-transducing tyrosine kinase activity. After combined with the ligand, EGFR homologous or heterologous dimers are formed to induce intracellular signal transduction, activate downstream signal transduction pathways, and then produce a series of biological effects. RAF/MEK/RAS/ERK pathway is relevant to cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis; while PDK1/AKT /PI3K pathway is involved in cell migration and adhesion. EGFR can promote the maturity of pulmonary type II epithelial cells and the synthesis and secretion of pulmonary surfactant. EGFR shows the effect on mammal lungs in a time-space and dose-dependent manner. The down-regulated expression of it will lead to immature lung development, while the over-expression can promote the cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis of the lung cancer cells. This paper reviewed advances in the study for EGFR and its signal pathway, as well as the relationship among EGFR, atelectasis and lung cancer.
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