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Weathers SP, Han X, Liu DD, Conrad CA, Gilbert MR, Loghin ME, O'Brien BJ, Penas-Prado M, Puduvalli VK, Tremont-Lukats I, Colen RR, Yung WKA, de Groot JF. A randomized phase II trial of standard dose bevacizumab versus low dose bevacizumab plus lomustine (CCNU) in adults with recurrent glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2016; 129:487-494. [PMID: 27406589 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapy can rapidly reduce vascular permeability and cerebral edema but high doses of bevacizumab may induce selective pressure to promote resistance. This trial evaluated the efficacy of low dose bevacizumab in combination with lomustine (CCNU) compared to standard dose bevacizumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Patients (N = 71) with recurrent glioblastoma who previously received radiation and temozolomide were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive bevacizumab monotherapy (10 mg/kg) or low dose bevacizumab (5 mg/kg) in combination with lomustine (90 mg/m(2)). The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) based on a blinded, independent radiographic assessment of post-contrast T1-weighted and non-contrast T2/FLAIR weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using RANO criteria. For 69 evaluable patients, median PFS was not significantly longer in the low dose bevacizumab + lomustine arm (4.34 months, CI 2.96-8.34) compared to the bevacizumab alone arm (4.11 months, CI 2.69-5.55, p = 0.19). In patients with first recurrence, there was a trend towards longer median PFS time in the low dose bevacizumab + lomustine arm (4.96 months, CI 4.17-13.44) compared to the bevacizumab alone arm (3.22 months CI 2.5-6.01, p = 0.08). The combination of low dose bevacizumab plus lomustine was not superior to standard dose bevacizumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Although the study was not designed to exclusively evaluate patients at first recurrence, a strong trend towards improved PFS was seen in that subgroup for the combination of low dose bevacizumab plus lomustine. Further studies are needed to better identify such subgroups that may most benefit from the combination treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiao-Pei Weathers
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 431, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Xiaosi Han
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1020 Faculty Office Tower, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Diane D Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Charles A Conrad
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 431, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Texas Oncology, 901 W. 38th Street, Austin, TX, 78705, USA
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 431, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,National Institutes of Health, 9030 Old Georgetown Rd., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Monica E Loghin
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 431, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Barbara J O'Brien
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 431, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marta Penas-Prado
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 431, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vinay K Puduvalli
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 431, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,M410 Starling Loving Hall, 320 W., 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ivo Tremont-Lukats
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 431, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6560 Fannin, Scurlock Suite 900, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rivka R Colen
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St Unit 1482, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - W K Alfred Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 431, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John F de Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 431, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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9
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Rahman R, Hempfling K, Norden AD, Reardon DA, Nayak L, Rinne ML, Beroukhim R, Doherty L, Ruland S, Rai A, Rifenburg J, LaFrankie D, Alexander BM, Huang RY, Wen PY, Lee EQ. Retrospective study of carmustine or lomustine with bevacizumab in recurrent glioblastoma patients who have failed prior bevacizumab. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:1523-9. [PMID: 24958095 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there are no known effective treatments for recurrent glioblastoma once patients have progressed on a bevacizumab-containing regimen. We examined the efficacy of adding nitrosoureas to bevacizumab in patients who progressed while on an initial bevacizumab-containing regimen. METHODS In this retrospective study, we identified adult patients with histologically confirmed glioblastoma (WHO grade IV) who were treated with lomustine or carmustine in combination with bevacizumab as a second or third regimen after failing an alternative initial bevacizumab-containing regimen. Response rate (RR), 6-month progression free survival (PFS6), and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed for each treatment. RESULTS Forty-two patients were identified (28 males) with a median age of 49 years (range, 24-78 y). Of 42 patients, 28 received lomustine (n = 22) or carmustine (n = 6) with bevacizumab as their second bevacizumab-containing regimen, and 14 received lomustine (n = 11) or carmustine (n = 3) as their third bevacizumab-containing regimen. While the median PFS for the initial bevacizumab-containing regimen was 16.3 weeks, the median PFS for the nitrosourea-containing bevacizumab regimen was 6.3 weeks. Patients had an RR of 44% and a PFS6 rate of 26% during the initial bevacizumab regimen and an RR of 0% and a PFS6 rate of 3% during the nitrosourea-containing bevacizumab regimen. There was increased grade 3-4 toxicity (45% vs 19%, P = .010) during the nitrosourea-containing bevacizumab regimen relative to the initial bevacizumab regimen. Median overall survival was 18.7 weeks from initiation of the nitrosourea-containing bevacizumab regimen. CONCLUSION The addition of lomustine or carmustine to bevacizumab after a patient has already progressed on a bevacizumab-containing regimen does not appear to provide benefit for most patients and is associated with additional toxicity with the doses used in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifaquat Rahman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.R., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., B.M.A., R.Y.H., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.H., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., L.D., S.R., J.R., D.L., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.A.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (R.Y.H.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.)
| | - Kelly Hempfling
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.R., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., B.M.A., R.Y.H., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.H., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., L.D., S.R., J.R., D.L., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.A.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (R.Y.H.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.)
| | - Andrew D Norden
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.R., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., B.M.A., R.Y.H., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.H., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., L.D., S.R., J.R., D.L., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.A.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (R.Y.H.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.)
| | - David A Reardon
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.R., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., B.M.A., R.Y.H., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.H., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., L.D., S.R., J.R., D.L., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.A.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (R.Y.H.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.)
| | - Lakshmi Nayak
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.R., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., B.M.A., R.Y.H., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.H., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., L.D., S.R., J.R., D.L., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.A.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (R.Y.H.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.)
| | - Mikael L Rinne
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.R., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., B.M.A., R.Y.H., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.H., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., L.D., S.R., J.R., D.L., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.A.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (R.Y.H.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.)
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.R., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., B.M.A., R.Y.H., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.H., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., L.D., S.R., J.R., D.L., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.A.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (R.Y.H.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.)
| | - Lisa Doherty
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.R., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., B.M.A., R.Y.H., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.H., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., L.D., S.R., J.R., D.L., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.A.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (R.Y.H.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.)
| | - Sandra Ruland
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.R., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., B.M.A., R.Y.H., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.H., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., L.D., S.R., J.R., D.L., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.A.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (R.Y.H.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.)
| | - Arun Rai
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.R., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., B.M.A., R.Y.H., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.H., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., L.D., S.R., J.R., D.L., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.A.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (R.Y.H.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.)
| | - Jennifer Rifenburg
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.R., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., B.M.A., R.Y.H., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.H., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., L.D., S.R., J.R., D.L., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.A.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (R.Y.H.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.)
| | - Debra LaFrankie
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.R., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., B.M.A., R.Y.H., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.H., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., L.D., S.R., J.R., D.L., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.A.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (R.Y.H.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.)
| | - Brian M Alexander
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.R., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., B.M.A., R.Y.H., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.H., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., L.D., S.R., J.R., D.L., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.A.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (R.Y.H.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.)
| | - Raymond Y Huang
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.R., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., B.M.A., R.Y.H., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.H., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., L.D., S.R., J.R., D.L., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.A.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (R.Y.H.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.)
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.R., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., B.M.A., R.Y.H., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.H., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., L.D., S.R., J.R., D.L., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.A.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (R.Y.H.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.)
| | - Eudocia Q Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.R., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., B.M.A., R.Y.H., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Center of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (K.H., A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., L.D., S.R., J.R., D.L., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.D.N., D.A.R., L.N., M.L.R., R.B., P.Y.W., E.Q.L.); Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (B.M.A.); Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (R.Y.H.); Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (A.R.)
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