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De Fazio E, Pittarello M, Gans A, Ghosh B, Slika H, Alimonti P, Tyler B. Intrinsic and Microenvironmental Drivers of Glioblastoma Invasion. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2563. [PMID: 38473812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are diffusely infiltrating brain tumors whose prognosis is strongly influenced by their extent of invasion into the surrounding brain tissue. While lower-grade gliomas present more circumscribed borders, high-grade gliomas are aggressive tumors with widespread brain infiltration and dissemination. Glioblastoma (GBM) is known for its high invasiveness and association with poor prognosis. Its low survival rate is due to the certainty of its recurrence, caused by microscopic brain infiltration which makes surgical eradication unattainable. New insights into GBM biology at the single-cell level have enabled the identification of mechanisms exploited by glioma cells for brain invasion. In this review, we explore the current understanding of several molecular pathways and mechanisms used by tumor cells to invade normal brain tissue. We address the intrinsic biological drivers of tumor cell invasion, by tackling how tumor cells interact with each other and with the tumor microenvironment (TME). We focus on the recently discovered neuronal niche in the TME, including local as well as distant neurons, contributing to glioma growth and invasion. We then address the mechanisms of invasion promoted by astrocytes and immune cells. Finally, we review the current literature on the therapeutic targeting of the molecular mechanisms of invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson De Fazio
- Department of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University School of Medicine, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Matilde Pittarello
- Department of Medicine, Humanitas University School of Medicine, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gans
- Department of Neurology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Bikona Ghosh
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Slika
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Paolo Alimonti
- Department of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University School of Medicine, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Betty Tyler
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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2
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Michelucci A, Sforna L, Franciolini F, Catacuzzeno L. Hypoxia, Ion Channels and Glioblastoma Malignancy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1742. [PMID: 38136613 PMCID: PMC10742235 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The malignancy of glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive type of human brain tumor, strongly correlates with the presence of hypoxic areas within the tumor mass. Oxygen levels have been shown to control several critical aspects of tumor aggressiveness, such as migration/invasion and cell death resistance, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. GBM cells express abundant K+ and Cl- channels, whose activity supports cell volume and membrane potential changes, critical for cell proliferation, migration and death. Volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC), which mediate the swelling-activated Cl- current, and the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BK) are both functionally upregulated in GBM cells, where they control different aspects underlying GBM malignancy/aggressiveness. The functional expression/activity of both VRAC and BK channels are under the control of the oxygen levels, and these regulations are involved in the hypoxia-induced GBM cell aggressiveness. The present review will provide a comprehensive overview of the literature supporting the role of these two channels in the hypoxia-mediated GBM malignancy, suggesting them as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Michelucci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (L.S.); (F.F.)
| | | | | | - Luigi Catacuzzeno
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (L.S.); (F.F.)
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3
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Ion Channels in Gliomas-From Molecular Basis to Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032530. [PMID: 36768856 PMCID: PMC9916861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels provide the basis for the nervous system's intrinsic electrical activity. Neuronal excitability is a characteristic property of neurons and is critical for all functions of the nervous system. Glia cells fulfill essential supportive roles, but unlike neurons, they also retain the ability to divide. This can lead to uncontrolled growth and the formation of gliomas. Ion channels are involved in the unique biology of gliomas pertaining to peritumoral pathology and seizures, diffuse invasion, and treatment resistance. The emerging picture shows ion channels in the brain at the crossroads of neurophysiology and fundamental pathophysiological processes of specific cancer behaviors as reflected by uncontrolled proliferation, infiltration, resistance to apoptosis, metabolism, and angiogenesis. Ion channels are highly druggable, making them an enticing therapeutic target. Targeting ion channels in difficult-to-treat brain tumors such as gliomas requires an understanding of their extremely heterogenous tumor microenvironment and highly diverse molecular profiles, both representing major causes of recurrence and treatment resistance. In this review, we survey the current knowledge on ion channels with oncogenic behavior within the heterogeneous group of gliomas, review ion channel gene expression as genomic biomarkers for glioma prognosis and provide an update on therapeutic perspectives for repurposed and novel ion channel inhibitors and electrotherapy.
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4
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Dewdney B, Ursich L, Fletcher EV, Johns TG. Anoctamins and Calcium Signalling: An Obstacle to EGFR Targeted Therapy in Glioblastoma? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235932. [PMID: 36497413 PMCID: PMC9740065 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common form of high-grade glioma in adults and has a poor survival rate with very limited treatment options. There have been no significant advancements in glioblastoma treatment in over 30 years. Epidermal growth factor receptor is upregulated in most glioblastoma tumours and, therefore, has been a drug target in recent targeted therapy clinical trials. However, while many inhibitors and antibodies for epidermal growth factor receptor have demonstrated promising anti-tumour effects in preclinical models, they have failed to improve outcomes for glioblastoma patients in clinical trials. This is likely due to the highly plastic nature of glioblastoma tumours, which results in therapeutic resistance. Ion channels are instrumental in the development of many cancers and may regulate cellular plasticity in glioblastoma. This review will explore the potential involvement of a class of calcium-activated chloride channels called anoctamins in brain cancer. We will also discuss the integrated role of calcium channels and anoctamins in regulating calcium-mediated signalling pathways, such as epidermal growth factor signalling, to promote brain cancer cell growth and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Dewdney
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-6319-1023
| | - Lauren Ursich
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Emily V. Fletcher
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Terrance G. Johns
- Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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5
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Wang Z, Li Y, Zeng Z, Guo S, Chen W, Luo Y. Leucine-rich repeat containing 8A contributes to the expansion of The potential role of leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 8A in central nervous system: current situation and prospect. Neuroscience 2022; 488:122-131. [PMID: 35276302 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell swelling usually initiates the regulatory volume decrease (RVD) process mediated mainly by volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs), which are formed by multiple different leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 8 (LRRC8) family members. VRAC currents have been widely recorded in astrocytes, neurons and microglia in the brain, and VRACs have been suggested to be involved in the important pathogenesis of cell swelling-related central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as ischemic stroke, epilepsy and epileptogenesis, glioblastoma (GBM), and so on. Recently, the increasing studies started to focus on LRRC8A (SWELL1), an obligatory subunit of VRAC indentified in 2014, which may be the key target to regulate the VRAC functions. After cerebral ischemia, the swollen astrocytes, neurons and microglia can activate LRRC8A-dependent VRACs, which may respectively promote the release of excitatory amino acids (EAA), interaction with ionotropic glutamate receptors, and regulating inflammation, suggesting the pleiotropic roles of LRRC8A in swollen brain cells. For the treatment of cell swelling-related CNS diseases, specific targeting LRRC8A may be a superior strategy to inhibit swollen-induced VRAC hyperactivity without blocking the normal VRAC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China; Wuhan Institute for Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yunhui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhikun Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
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Ji D, Fleig A, Horgen FD, Feng ZP, Sun HS. Modulators of TRPM7 and its potential as a drug target for brain tumours. Cell Calcium 2021; 101:102521. [PMID: 34953296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TRPM7 is a non-selective divalent cation channel with an alpha-kinase domain. Corresponding with its broad expression, TRPM7 has a role in a wide range of cell functions, including proliferation, migration, and survival. Growing evidence shows that TRPM7 is also aberrantly expressed in various cancers, including brain cancers. Because ion channels have widespread tissue distribution and result in extensive physiological consequences when dysfunctional, these proteins can be compelling drug targets. In fact, ion channels comprise the third-largest drug target type, following enzymes and receptors. Literature has shown that suppression of TRPM7 results in inhibition of migration, invasion, and proliferation in several human brain tumours. Therefore, TRPM7 presents a potential target for therapeutic brain tumour interventions. This article reviews current literature on TRPM7 as a potential drug target in the context of brain tumours and provides an overview of various selective and non-selective modulators of the channel relevant to pharmacology, oncology, and ion channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Ji
- Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Andrea Fleig
- Center for Biomedical Research at The Queen's Medical Center and John A. Burns School of Medicine and Cancer Center at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - F David Horgen
- Department of Natural Sciences, Hawaii Pacific University, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Department of Pharmacology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2.
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7
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Reduced Graphene Oxides Modulate the Expression of Cell Receptors and Voltage-Dependent Ion Channel Genes of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020515. [PMID: 33419226 PMCID: PMC7825604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of nanotechnology based on graphene and its derivatives has aroused great scientific interest because of their unusual properties. Graphene (GN) and its derivatives, such as reduced graphene oxide (rGO), exhibit antitumor effects on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells in vitro. The antitumor activity of rGO with different contents of oxygen-containing functional groups and GN was compared. Using FTIR (fourier transform infrared) analysis, the content of individual functional groups (GN/exfoliation (ExF), rGO/thermal (Term), rGO/ammonium thiosulphate (ATS), and rGO/ thiourea dioxide (TUD)) was determined. Cell membrane damage, as well as changes in the cell membrane potential, was analyzed. Additionally, the gene expression of voltage-dependent ion channels (clcn3, clcn6, cacna1b, cacna1d, nalcn, kcne4, kcnj10, and kcnb1) and extracellular receptors was determined. A reduction in the potential of the U87 glioma cell membrane was observed after treatment with rGO/ATS and rGO/TUD flakes. Moreover, it was also demonstrated that major changes in the expression of voltage-dependent ion channel genes were observed in clcn3, nalcn, and kcne4 after treatment with rGO/ATS and rGO/TUD flakes. Furthermore, the GN/ExF, rGO/ATS, and rGO/TUD flakes significantly reduced the expression of extracellular receptors (uPar, CD105) in U87 glioblastoma cells. In conclusion, the cytotoxic mechanism of rGO flakes may depend on the presence and types of oxygen-containing functional groups, which are more abundant in rGO compared to GN.
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8
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Inhibition of Radiation and Temozolomide-Induced Glioblastoma Invadopodia Activity Using Ion Channel Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102888. [PMID: 33050088 PMCID: PMC7599723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma accounts for approximately 40–50% of all primary brain cancers and is a highly aggressive cancer that rapidly disseminates within the surrounding normal brain. Dynamic actin-rich protrusions known as invadopodia facilitate this invasive process. Ion channels have also been linked to a pro-invasive phenotype and may contribute to facilitating invadopodia activity in cancer cells. The aim of our study was to screen ion channel-targeting drugs for their cytotoxic efficacy and potential anti-invadopodia properties in glioblastoma cells. We demonstrated that the targeting of ion channels in glioblastoma cells can lead to a reduction in invadopodia activity and protease secretion. Importantly, the candidate drugs exhibited a significant reduction in radiation and temozolomide-induced glioblastoma cell invadopodia activity. These findings support the proposed pro-invasive role of ion channels via invadopodia in glioblastoma, which may be ideal therapeutic targets for the treatment of glioblastoma patients. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and malignant type of primary brain cancer. The rapid invasion and dissemination of tumor cells into the surrounding normal brain is a major driver of tumor recurrence, and long-term survival of GBM patients is extremely rare. Actin-rich cell membrane protrusions known as invadopodia can facilitate the highly invasive properties of GBM cells. Ion channels have been proposed to contribute to a pro-invasive phenotype in cancer cells and may also be involved in the invadopodia activity of GBM cells. GBM cell cytotoxicity screening of several ion channel drugs identified three drugs with potent cell killing efficacy: flunarizine dihydrochloride, econazole nitrate, and quinine hydrochloride dihydrate. These drugs demonstrated a reduction in GBM cell invadopodia activity and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) secretion. Importantly, the treatment of GBM cells with these drugs led to a significant reduction in radiation/temozolomide-induced invadopodia activity. The dual cytotoxic and anti-invasive efficacy of these agents merits further research into targeting ion channels to reduce GBM malignancy, with a potential for future clinical translation in combination with the standard therapy.
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9
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Takayasu T, Kurisu K, Esquenazi Y, Ballester LY. Ion Channels and Their Role in the Pathophysiology of Gliomas. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1959-1969. [PMID: 33008831 PMCID: PMC7577395 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors and their prognosis is very poor. In recent years, ion channels have been demonstrated to play important roles in tumor pathophysiology such as regulation of gene expression, cell migration, and cell proliferation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of ion channels on the development and progression of gliomas. Cell volume changes through the regulation of ion flux, accompanied by water flux, are essential for migration and invasion. Signaling pathways affected by ion channel activity play roles in cell survival and cell proliferation. Moreover, ion channels are involved in glioma-related seizures, sensitivity to chemotherapy, and tumor metabolism. Ion channels are potential targets for the treatment of these lethal tumors. Despite our increased understanding of the contributions of ion channels to glioma biology, this field remains poorly studied. This review summarizes the current literature on this important topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Takayasu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kurisu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshua Esquenazi
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston, Texas.
- Memorial Hermann Hospital-TMC, Houston, Texas
| | - Leomar Y Ballester
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston, Texas
- Memorial Hermann Hospital-TMC, Houston, Texas
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10
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Black KA, Jin R, He S, Gulbis JM. Changing perspectives on how the permeation pathway through potassium channels is regulated. J Physiol 2019; 599:1961-1976. [PMID: 31612997 DOI: 10.1113/jp278682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary means by which ion permeation through potassium channels is controlled, and the key to selective intervention in a range of pathophysiological conditions, is the process by which channels switch between non-conducting and conducting states. Conventionally, this has been explained by a steric mechanism in which the pore alternates between two conformations: a 'closed' state in which the conduction pathway is occluded and an 'open' state in which the pathway is sufficiently wide to accommodate fully hydrated ions. Recently, however, 'non-canonical' mechanisms have been proposed for some classes of K+ channels. The purpose of this review is to illuminate structural and dynamic relationships underpinning permeation control in K+ channels, indicating where additional data might resolve some of the remaining issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina A Black
- Structural Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Ruitao Jin
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Sitong He
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M Gulbis
- Structural Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
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11
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Hutchings CJ, Colussi P, Clark TG. Ion channels as therapeutic antibody targets. MAbs 2018; 11:265-296. [PMID: 30526315 PMCID: PMC6380435 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1548232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that antibodies have numerous potential benefits when developed as therapeutics. Here, we evaluate the technical challenges of raising antibodies to membrane-spanning proteins together with enabling technologies that may facilitate the discovery of antibody therapeutics to ion channels. Additionally, we discuss the potential targeting opportunities in the anti-ion channel antibody landscape, along with a number of case studies where functional antibodies that target ion channels have been reported. Antibodies currently in development and progressing towards the clinic are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Theodore G. Clark
- TetraGenetics Inc, Arlington Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca New York, USA
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12
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Pollak J, Rai KG, Funk CC, Arora S, Lee E, Zhu J, Price ND, Paddison PJ, Ramirez JM, Rostomily RC. Ion channel expression patterns in glioblastoma stem cells with functional and therapeutic implications for malignancy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172884. [PMID: 28264064 PMCID: PMC5338779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels and transporters have increasingly recognized roles in cancer progression through the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and death. Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) are a source of tumor formation and recurrence in glioblastoma multiforme, a highly aggressive brain cancer, suggesting that ion channel expression may be perturbed in this population. However, little is known about the expression and functional relevance of ion channels that may contribute to GSC malignancy. Using RNA sequencing, we assessed the enrichment of ion channels in GSC isolates and non-tumor neural cell types. We identified a unique set of GSC-enriched ion channels using differential expression analysis that is also associated with distinct gene mutation signatures. In support of potential clinical relevance, expression of selected GSC-enriched ion channels evaluated in human glioblastoma databases of The Cancer Genome Atlas and Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project correlated with patient survival times. Finally, genetic knockdown as well as pharmacological inhibition of individual or classes of GSC-enriched ion channels constrained growth of GSCs compared to normal neural stem cells. This first-in-kind global examination characterizes ion channels enriched in GSCs and explores their potential clinical relevance to glioblastoma molecular subtypes, gene mutations, survival outcomes, regional tumor expression, and experimental responses to loss-of-function. Together, the data support the potential biological and therapeutic impact of ion channels on GSC malignancy and provide strong rationale for further examination of their mechanistic and therapeutic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pollak
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Karan G. Rai
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Cory C. Funk
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sonali Arora
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Eunjee Lee
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nathan D. Price
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Paddison
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jan-Marino Ramirez
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Rostomily
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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13
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Morrone FB, Gehring MP, Nicoletti NF. Calcium Channels and Associated Receptors in Malignant Brain Tumor Therapy. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:403-9. [PMID: 27418672 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.103770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors are highly lethal and aggressive. Despite recent advances in the current therapies, which include the combination of surgery and radio/chemotherapy, the average survival rate remains poor. Altered regulation of ion channels is part of the neoplastic transformation, which suggests that ion channels are involved in cancer. Distinct classes of calcium-permeable channels are abnormally expressed in cancer and are likely involved in the alterations underlying malignant growth. Specifically, cytosolic Ca(2+) activity plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, and Ca(2+) signaling is altered in proliferating tumor cells. A series of previous studies emphasized the importance of the T-type low-voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) in different cancer types, including gliomas, and remarkably, pharmacologic inhibition of T-type VGCC caused antiproliferative effects and triggered apoptosis of human glioma cells. Other calcium permeable channels, such as transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, contribute to changes in Ca(2+) by modulating the driving force for Ca(2+) entry, and some TRP channels are required for proliferation and migration in gliomas. Furthermore, recent evidence shows that TRP channels contribute to the progression and survival of the glioblastoma patients. Likewise, the purinergic P2X7 receptor acts as a direct conduit for Ca(2+)-influx and an indirect activator of voltage-gated Ca(2+)-channel. Evidence also shows that P2X7 receptor activation is linked to elevated expression of inflammation promoting factors, tumor cell migration, an increase in intracellular mobilization of Ca(2+), and membrane depolarization in gliomas. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent findings on calcium channels and associated receptors as potential targets to treat malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda B Morrone
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular (F.B.M., M.P.G., N.F.N), Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do RS, Porto Alegre (F.B.M.); Laboratório de Terapia Celular, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul (N.F.N.), Brasil
| | - Marina P Gehring
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular (F.B.M., M.P.G., N.F.N), Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do RS, Porto Alegre (F.B.M.); Laboratório de Terapia Celular, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul (N.F.N.), Brasil
| | - Natália F Nicoletti
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular (F.B.M., M.P.G., N.F.N), Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do RS, Porto Alegre (F.B.M.); Laboratório de Terapia Celular, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul (N.F.N.), Brasil
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14
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Giampà M, Lissel MB, Patschkowski T, Fuchser J, Hans VH, Gembruch O, Bednarz H, Niehaus K. Maleic anhydride proton sponge as a novel MALDI matrix for the visualization of small molecules (<250 m/z) in brain tumors by routine MALDI ToF imaging mass spectrometry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9801-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02387h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel MALDI matrix MAPS, able to visualize deviating metabolism in glioma using a routine MALDI-ToF-MSI procedure, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Giampà
- Center for Biotechnology and Department for Proteome and Metabolome Research
- Faculty of Biology
- Bielefeld University
- 33615 Bielefeld
- Germany
| | - M. B. Lissel
- Center for Biotechnology and Department for Proteome and Metabolome Research
- Faculty of Biology
- Bielefeld University
- 33615 Bielefeld
- Germany
| | - T. Patschkowski
- Center for Biotechnology and Department for Proteome and Metabolome Research
- Faculty of Biology
- Bielefeld University
- 33615 Bielefeld
- Germany
| | - J. Fuchser
- Bruker Daltonics GmbH
- BU Pharma
- 28259 Bremen
- Germany
| | - V. H. Hans
- Institut für Pathologie Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- 44789 Bochum
- Germany
- Institut für Neuropathologie
- Universitätsklinikum Essen (AöR)
| | - O. Gembruch
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie
- Universitätsklinikum Essen (AöR)
- 45147 Essen
- Germany
| | - H. Bednarz
- Center for Biotechnology and Department for Proteome and Metabolome Research
- Faculty of Biology
- Bielefeld University
- 33615 Bielefeld
- Germany
| | - K. Niehaus
- Center for Biotechnology and Department for Proteome and Metabolome Research
- Faculty of Biology
- Bielefeld University
- 33615 Bielefeld
- Germany
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