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Kwon HH, Lee JS, Park H, Shin J, Yin Y, Shin N, Shin HJ, Hwang JA, Kim DW, Kang JW. Vitamin E reduces spasms caused by prenatal stress by lowering calpain expression. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 114:107609. [PMID: 33257295 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal stress increases the susceptibility of infants to seizures and is known to be associated with oxidative stress. Recent studies suggest that vitamin E has beneficial effects in various neurological diseases due to its antioxidant properties. In this study, we investigated the relationship between prenatal stress and vitamin E treatment on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced spasms. METHODS We used pregnant female Sprague Dawley rats and induced prenatal stress with an injection of betamethasone on G15. They were then treated orally with 200 mg/kg vitamin E or saline twice a day from G15-G21. On postnatal day 15, NMDA was administered to trigger spasms in offspring. The total number of spasms and latency to the first spasm were recorded. We also measured oxidative stress in the medial cortex using western blot, and calpain activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH)/GSH/glutathione disulfide (GSSG), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase activity, and nitric oxide (NO) assays. RESULTS We observed that rats treated with vitamin E while exposed to prenatal stress demonstrated reduced total number and frequency of spasms. Expression of glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) and K+/Cl- co-transporter (KCC2) were reduced after prenatal stress; this recovered in the vitamin E treated group. Further, expression of calpain 2 was decreased and various markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), GSH/GSSG, SOD, catalase, and NO) were reduced in the vitamin E treated group. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that vitamin E lowers oxidative stress and decreases seizure susceptibility in rat offspring exposed to prenatal stress. Given the well-known safety profile of vitamin E, these results indicate its potential as a strategy for preventing seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeok Hee Kwon
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Park
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Shin
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhua Yin
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Shin
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ah Hwang
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon Won Kang
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Cao S, Yu L, Mao J, Wang Q, Ruan J. Uncovering the Molecular Mechanism of Actions between Pharmaceuticals and Proteins on the AD Network. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144387. [PMID: 26650760 PMCID: PMC4674063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study begins with constructing the mini metabolic networks (MMNs) of beta amyloid (Aβ) and acetylcholine (ACh) which stimulate the Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Then we generate the AD network by incorporating MMNs of Aβ and ACh, and other MMNs of stimuli of AD. The panel of proteins contains 49 enzymes/receptors on the AD network which have the 3D-structure in PDB. The panel of drugs is formed by 5 AD drugs and 5 AD nutraceutical drugs, and 20 non-AD drugs. All of these complexes formed by these 30 drugs and 49 proteins are transformed into dyadic arrays. Utilizing the prior knowledge learned from the drug panel, we propose a statistical classification (dry-lab). According to the wet-lab for the complex of amiloride and insulin degrading enzyme, and the complex of amiloride and neutral endopeptidase, we are confident that this dry-lab is reliable. As the consequences of the dry-lab, we discover many interesting implications. Especially, we show that possible causes of Tacrine, donepezil, galantamine and huperzine A cannot improve the level of ACh which is against to their original design purpose but they still prevent AD to be worse as Aβ deposition appeared. On the other hand, we recommend Miglitol and Atenolol as the safe and potent drugs to improve the level of ACh before Aβ deposition appearing. Moreover, some nutrients such as NADH and Vitamin E should be controlled because they may harm health if being used in wrong way and wrong time. Anyway, the insights shown in this study are valuable to be developed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Cao
- College of Mathematical Sciences and LPMC, Nankai University, Tianjin, PRC
| | - Liang Yu
- College of Mathematical Sciences and LPMC, Nankai University, Tianjin, PRC
| | - Jingyuan Mao
- Internal Medicine for the Heart, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PRC
| | - Quan Wang
- National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, PRC
- High Throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, TEDA, Tianjin, PRC
| | - Jishou Ruan
- College of Mathematical Sciences and LPMC, Nankai University, Tianjin, PRC
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Chemical and Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, PRC
- * E-mail:
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Yorulmaz H, Seker FB, Demir G, Yalçın IE, Oztaş B. The effects of zinc treatment on the blood-brain barrier permeability and brain element levels during convulsions. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 151:256-62. [PMID: 23179348 PMCID: PMC3548102 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of zinc treatment on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and the levels of zinc (Zn), natrium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and copper (Cu) in the brain tissue during epileptic seizures. The Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups, each as follows: (1) control group, (2) pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) group: rats treated with PTZ to induce seizures, (3) Zn group: rats treated with ZnCl(2) added to drinking water for 2 months, and (4) Zn + PTZ group. The brains were divided into left, right hemispheres, and cerebellum + brain stem regions. Evans blue was used as BBB tracer. Element concentrations were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The BBB permeability has been found to be increased in all experimental groups (p < 0.05). Zn concentrations in all brain regions in Zn-supplemented groups (p < 0.05) showed an increase. BBB permeability and Zn level in cerebellum + brain stem region were significantly high compared to cerebral hemispheres (p < 0.05). In all experimental groups, Cu concentration decreased, whereas Na concentrations showed an increase (p < 0.05). Mg content in all the brain regions decreased in the Zn group and Zn + PTZ groups compared to other groups (p < 0.001). We also found that all elements' levels showed hemispheric differences in all groups. During convulsions, Zn treatment did not show any protective effect on BBB permeability. Chronic Zn treatment decreased Mg and Cu concentration and increased Na levels in the brain tissue. Our results indicated that Zn treatment showed proconvulsant activity and increased BBB permeability, possibly changing prooxidant/antioxidant balance and neuronal excitability during seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Yorulmaz
- Halic University School of Nursing, Halic University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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