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Quincozes-Santos A, Santos CL, de Souza Almeida RR, da Silva A, Thomaz NK, Costa NLF, Weber FB, Schmitz I, Medeiros LS, Medeiros L, Dotto BS, Dias FRP, Sovrani V, Bobermin LD. Gliotoxicity and Glioprotection: the Dual Role of Glial Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6577-6592. [PMID: 34581988 PMCID: PMC8477366 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia) are critical for the central nervous system (CNS) in both physiological and pathological conditions. With this in mind, several studies have indicated that glial cells play key roles in the development and progression of CNS diseases. In this sense, gliotoxicity can be referred as the cellular, molecular, and neurochemical changes that can mediate toxic effects or ultimately lead to impairment of the ability of glial cells to protect neurons and/or other glial cells. On the other hand, glioprotection is associated with specific responses of glial cells, by which they can protect themselves as well as neurons, resulting in an overall improvement of the CNS functioning. In addition, gliotoxic events, including metabolic stresses, inflammation, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress, as well as their related mechanisms, are strongly associated with the pathogenesis of neurological, psychiatric and infectious diseases. However, glioprotective molecules can prevent or improve these glial dysfunctions, representing glial cells-targeting therapies. Therefore, this review will provide a brief summary of types and functions of glial cells and point out cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with gliotoxicity and glioprotection, potential glioprotective molecules and their mechanisms, as well as gliotherapy. In summary, we expect to address the relevance of gliotoxicity and glioprotection in the CNS homeostasis and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Camila Leite Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Rodrigo de Souza Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natalie K Thomaz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Naithan Ludian Fernandes Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Becker Weber
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Izaviany Schmitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lara Scopel Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lívia Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bethina Segabinazzi Dotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Filipe Renato Pereira Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Sovrani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Wang X, Cao G, Ding D, Li F, Zhao X, Wang J, Yang Y. Ferruginol prevents degeneration of dopaminergic neurons by enhancing clearance of α-synuclein in neuronal cells. Fitoterapia 2021; 156:105066. [PMID: 34678438 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lewy bodies are characteristic spherical inclusions in Parkinson's disease (PD) that are formed by α-synuclein fibrils. Ferruginol (Fer) is an amonomeric compound isolated from a traditional Chinese herb. Here, we show that Fer exerted potent neuroprotective effects in both in vitro and in vivo PD models. Neuronal cells transfected with A53T mutant (A53T) α-synuclein plasmids and treated with Fer exhibited attenuated the cytotoxicity induced by pathogenic A53T α-synuclein overexpression. Further, when we transfected neuronal cells with siRNA-SNCA (alpha-synuclein) plasmids and incubated them with Fer, the protective role of Fer decreased. We also found that Fer was a potent α-synuclein inhibitor in neuronal cells, which promotes the clearance of αsynuclein in dopaminergic neurons exposed to 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP +). Fer could inhibit abnormal α-synuclein aggregation and dopaminergic neuron depletion in A53T-Tg mice, suggesting that a role for Fer in α-synuclein accumulation and nigrostriatal pathway injury. Our study revealed that Fer strongly alleviated neurodegeneration by promoting α-synuclein clearance, indicating a neuroprotective role against α-synuclein oligomer-induced neurodegeneration, which makes it a promising candidate for the treatment of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Guiyun Cao
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dongyi Ding
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Zhao
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiahua Wang
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Ribaudo G, Bortoli M, Pavan C, Zagotto G, Orian L. Antioxidant Potential of Psychotropic Drugs: From Clinical Evidence to In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment and toward a New Challenge for in Silico Molecular Design. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E714. [PMID: 32781750 PMCID: PMC7465375 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to high oxygen consumption, the brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress, which is considered an important element in the etiopathogenesis of several mental disorders, including schizophrenia, depression and dependencies. Despite the fact that it is not established yet whether oxidative stress is a cause or a consequence of clinic manifestations, the intake of antioxidant supplements in combination with the psychotropic therapy constitutes a valuable solution in patients' treatment. Anyway, some drugs possess antioxidant capacity themselves and this aspect is discussed in this review, focusing on antipsychotics and antidepressants. In the context of a collection of clinical observations, in vitro and in vivo results are critically reported, often highlighting controversial aspects. Finally, a new challenge is discussed, i.e., the possibility of assessing in silico the antioxidant potential of these drugs, exploiting computational chemistry methodologies and machine learning. Despite the physiological environment being incredibly complex and the detection of meaningful oxidative stress biomarkers being all but an easy task, a rigorous and systematic analysis of the structural and reactivity properties of antioxidant drugs seems to be a promising route to better interpret therapeutic outcomes and provide elements for the rational design of novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ribaudo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Marco Bortoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Chiara Pavan
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy;
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Radice M, Tasambay A, Pérez A, Diéguez-Santana K, Sacchetti G, Buso P, Buzzi R, Vertuani S, Manfredini S, Baldisserotto A. Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Hedyosmum (Chlorantaceae): A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 244:111932. [PMID: 31128149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Hedyosmum (family: Chloranthaceae) represents an interesting source of natural active compounds, and the 45 species of this genus are widespread in Central and South America and to a lesser extent Southeast Asia (southern China and western Malaysia). Several species are traditionally used in folk medicine. However, the data made available in recent years have not been organized and compared. AIM OF THIS REVIEW The present study is a critical assessment of the state-of-the-art concerning the traditional uses, the phytochemistry and the pharmacology of species belonging to the genus Hedyosmum to suggest further research strategies and to facilitate the exploitation of the therapeutic potential of Hedyosmum species for the treatment of human disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present review consists of a systematic overview of scientific literature concerning the genus Hedyosmum published between 1965 and 2018. Moreover, an older text, dated from 1843, concerning the traditional uses of H. bonplandianum Kunth has also been considered. Several databases (Francis & Taylor, Google Scholar, PubMed, SciELO, SciFinder, Springer, Wiley, and The Plant List Database) have been used to perform this work. RESULTS Sixteen species of the genus Hedyosmum have been mentioned as traditional remedies, and a large number of ethnomedicinal uses, including for the treatment of pain, depression, migraine, stomach-ache and ovary diseases, have been reported. Five species have been used as flavouring agents, tea substitutes or foods. Sesterterpenes, sesquiterpene lactones, monoterpenes, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and neolignans have been reported as the most important compounds in these species. Studies concerning their biological activities have shown that members of the Hedyosmum genus possesses promising biological properties, such as analgesic, antinociceptive, antidepressant, anxiolytic, sedative, and hypnotic effects. Preliminary studies concerning the antibacterial, antioxidant, antiplasmodial, and antifungal activities of these plants as well as their cytotoxic activities against different tumour cell lines have been reported. Some active compounds from the Hedyosmum genus have been used as starting points for the innovative and bioinspired development of synthetic molecules. A critical assessment of these papers has been performed, and some conceptual and methodological problems have been identified regarding the materials and methods and the experimental design used in these studies, including a lack of ethnopharmacological research. CONCLUSIONS The present review partially confirms the basis for some of the traditional uses of Hedyosmum species (mainly H. brasiliense) through preclinical studies that demonstrated their antinociceptive and neuroprotective effects. Due to promising preliminary results, further studies should be conducted on 13-hydroxy-8,9-dehydroshizukanolide and podoandin. Moreover, several essential oils (EOs) from this genus have been preliminarily investigated, and the cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of H. brasiliense and H. sprucei EOs certainly deserve further investigation. From the promising findings of the present analysis, we can affirm that this genus deserves further research from ethnopharmacological and toxicological perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Radice
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Km 2 ½ Via Puyo-Tena, Puyo, Ecuador
| | | | - Amaury Pérez
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Km 2 ½ Via Puyo-Tena, Puyo, Ecuador
| | - Karel Diéguez-Santana
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Km 2 ½ Via Puyo-Tena, Puyo, Ecuador; IKIAM - Universidad Regional Amazónica, km 7 Vía Muyuna, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Gianni Sacchetti
- University of Ferrara, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Master in Cosmetic Science and Technology, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Piergiacomo Buso
- University of Ferrara, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Master in Cosmetic Science and Technology, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Raissa Buzzi
- University of Ferrara, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Master in Cosmetic Science and Technology, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Vertuani
- University of Ferrara, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Master in Cosmetic Science and Technology, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Stefano Manfredini
- University of Ferrara, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Master in Cosmetic Science and Technology, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Anna Baldisserotto
- University of Ferrara, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Master in Cosmetic Science and Technology, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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Rutin and Selenium Co-administration Reverse 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Neurochemical and Molecular Impairments in a Mouse Model of Huntington’s Disease. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:77-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zolezzi JM, Lindsay CB, Serrano FG, Ureta RC, Theoduloz C, Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Inestrosa NC. Neuroprotective Effects of Ferruginol, Jatrophone, and Junicedric Acid Against Amyloid-β Injury in Hippocampal Neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:705-723. [PMID: 29660932 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers have been recognized as early neurotoxic intermediates with a key role in the synaptic dysfunction observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ oligomers block hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and impair rodent spatial memory. Additionally, the presence of Aβ oligomers is associated with imbalanced intracellular calcium levels and apoptosis in neurons. In this context, we evaluated the effects of three diterpenes (ferruginol, jatrophone, and junicedric acid) that are found in medicinal plants and have several forms of biological activity. The intracellular calcium levels in hippocampal neurons increased in the presence of ferruginol, jatrophone, and junicedric acid, a result that was consistent with the observed increase in CA1 synaptic transmission in mouse hippocampal slices. Additionally, assays using Aβ peptide demonstrated that diterpenes, particularly ferruginol, restore LTP and reduce apoptosis. Recovery of the Aβ oligomer-induced loss of the synaptic proteins PSD-95, synapsin, VGlut, and NMDA receptor subunit 2A was observed in mouse hippocampal slices treated with junicedric acid. This cascade of events may be associated with the regulation of kinases, e.g., protein kinase C (PKC) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), in addition to the activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and could thus provide protection against Aβ oligomers, which trigger synaptic dysfunction. Our results suggest a potential neuroprotective role for diterpenes against the Aβ oligomers-induced neurodegenerative alterations, which make them interesting molecules to be further studied in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Zolezzi
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Carolina B Lindsay
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe G Serrano
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roxana C Ureta
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristina Theoduloz
- Laboratorio de Cultivo Celular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center of Healthy Brain Aging, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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Gürağaç Dereli FT, Ilhan M, Küpeli Akkol E. Discovery of new antidepressant agents: In vivo study on Anthemis wiedemanniana Fisch. & Mey. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 226:11-16. [PMID: 30031141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Many of the currently available antidepressants have serious adverse effects and are also expensive. Traditional medicines are major sources of original drugs, and their role in effective treatment is remarkable. In Turkish folk medicine, decoctions and infusions are prepared from the flowers of Anthemis wiedemanniana Fisch. & Mey. They exert antispasmodic and sedative effects and are also used for treating urinary inflammations. The present study was designed to evaluate the antidepressant activity of A. wiedemanniana, which is used against central nervous system disorders in Turkish folk medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol (MeOH) extracts were prepared from the flowers of the plant. The antidepressant potentials of these extracts were evaluated in mouse models using the forced swimming test, tail suspension test, and antagonism of tetrabenazine-induced ptosis, hypothermia, and suppression of locomotor activity. The results were compared with those in control and reference groups, and active constituents of the plant were determined. The MeOH extract of A. wiedemanniana was subjected to various chromatographic separation techniques, leading to the isolation and identification of the active component(s). RESULTS After confirmation of the antidepressant activity, the MeOH extract was subjected to successive solvent partitioning using solvents of increasing polarity, yielding four subextracts. Each subextract was tested on the same biological activity models. Fraction B was found to have the highest activity and subjected to further chromatographic separation. Isolated germacronolide-type sesquiterpene lactones were elucidated as tatridin A (1) and tanachin (1-epi-tatridin B) (2), which were responsible for the antidepressant activity of the flowers. CONCLUSIONS This study explored the antidepressant potential of A. wiedemanniana. Using bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation techniques, tatridin A and tanachin (1-epi-tatridin B) were determined as the main active components of the flowers. Further antidepressant mechanistic studies should be conducted for exploring the activity of these compounds against depression. This study can be an important step in the discovery of newer antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mert Ilhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 6330 Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yüzüncü Yıl University, Tuşba, 65080 Van, Turkey
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 6330 Ankara, Turkey.
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Antidepressant Flavonoids and Their Relationship with Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5762172. [PMID: 29410733 PMCID: PMC5749298 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5762172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a serious disorder that affects hundreds of millions of people around the world and causes poor quality of life, problem behaviors, and limitations in activities of daily living. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic options is of high interest and growth. Research on the relationship between depression and oxidative stress has shown important biochemical aspects in the development of this disease. Flavonoids are a class of natural products that exhibit several pharmacological properties, including antidepressant-like activity, and affects various physiological and biochemical functions in the body. Studies show the clinical potential of antioxidant flavonoids in treating depressive disorders and strongly suggest that these natural products are interesting prototype compounds in the study of new antidepressant drugs. So, this review will summarize the chemical and pharmacological perspectives related to the discovery of flavonoids with antidepressant activity. The mechanisms of action of these compounds are also discussed, including their actions on oxidative stress relating to depression.
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Ganzella M, Moreira JD, Almeida RF, Böhmer AE, Saute JAM, Holmseth S, Souza DO. Effects of 3 weeks GMP oral administration on glutamatergic parameters in mice neocortex. Purinergic Signal 2011; 8:49-58. [PMID: 21881961 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-011-9258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overstimulation of the glutamatergic system (excitotoxicity) is involved in various acute and chronic brain diseases. Several studies support the hypothesis that guanosine-5'-monophosphate (GMP) can modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronically administered GMP on brain cortical glutamatergic parameters in mice. Additionally, we investigated the neuroprotective potential of the GMP treatment submitting cortical brain slices to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Moreover, measurements of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) purine levels were performed after the treatment. Mice received an oral administration of saline or GMP during 3 weeks. GMP significantly decreases the cortical brain glutamate binding and uptake. Accordingly, GMP reduced the immunocontent of the glutamate receptors subunits, NR2A/B and GluR1 (NMDA and AMPA receptors, respectively) and glutamate transporters EAAC1 and GLT1. GMP treatment significantly reduced the immunocontent of PSD-95 while did not affect the content of Snap 25, GLAST and GFAP. Moreover, GMP treatment increased the resistance of neocortex to OGD insult. The chronic GMP administration increased the CSF levels of GMP and its metabolites. Altogether, these findings suggest a potential modulatory role of GMP on neocortex glutamatergic system by promoting functional and plastic changes associated to more resistance of mice neocortex against an in vitro excitotoxicity event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Ganzella
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-anexo, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
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Makambila- MC, Mbatchi B, Ardid D, Gelot A, Henrion C, Janisson R, A. Abena A, Banzouzi JT. Pharmacological Studies of Ten Medicinal Plants Used for Analgesic Purposes in Congo Brazzaville. INT J PHARMACOL 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2011.608.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Golechha M, Chaudhry U, Bhatia J, Saluja D, Arya DS. Naringin Protects against Kainic Acid-Induced Status Epilepticus in Rats: Evidence for an Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Neuroprotective Intervention. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:360-5. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Uma Chaudhry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Delhi
| | - Jagriti Bhatia
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences
| | - Daman Saluja
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Delhi
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Tolardo R, Zetterman L, Bitencourtt DR, Mora TC, de Oliveira FL, Biavatti MW, Amoah SKS, Bürger C, de Souza MM. Evaluation of behavioral and pharmacological effects of Hedyosmum brasiliense and isolated sesquiterpene lactones in rodents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 128:63-70. [PMID: 20038449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hedyosmum brasiliense Miq. (Chloranthaceae) is an essential Brazilian species largely found in the Atlantic Forest. It is popularly known as "cidrão" and in folk medicine, this aromatic species is widely used as a calmative/tranquilizer and to treat sleep disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY To examine the neurochemical properties of ethanol extract (EEHb), fractions and compounds of fresh leaves of Hedyosmum brasiliense and the antidepressant effect of the isolated sesquiterpene lactones podoandin and 13-hydroxy-8,9-dehydroshizukanolide. MATERIALS, METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of EEHb were demonstrated by the open field, elevated-plus-maze, forced swimming, pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, PTZ-induced seizure, and inhibitory avoidance tests. EEHb did not show a protective effect against PTZ-induced convulsions. In the plus-maze test, EEHb (100mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited an anxiolytic effect through the effective enhancement of the frequency and time spent in the open arms of the maze. Conversely, the time spent and the number of entrances to the closed arms were decreased. All these effects were also completely reversed by pre-treatment with flumazenil (2.5mg/kg, i.p./a benzodiazepine receptor agonist), similar to the results observed with diazepam used as a positive standard. In this test, the anxiolytic effect of EEHb was also totally blocked by pre-treatment with reserpine (2.0mg/kg, i.p.), a drug known to induce depletion of biogenic amines. In the forced swimming test, the treatment of EEHb (100mg/kg, i.p. or 100mg/kg, p.o.) given in acute and chronic form (10, 50 and 100mg/kg), produced a decrease in immobility time, similar to that of imipramine (10mg/kg, i.p.), the positive control. The dichloromethane and hexane fractions (100mg/kg, p.o.) also produced a decrease in immobility time. In addition, the two isolated compounds tested in a single dose (10mg/kg, i.p.), the antidepressant effect was observed only with the compound podoandin, which also caused a decrease in immobility time. EEHb (10-100mg/kg) a dose-dependent manner also caused a decrease in barbiturate sleeping time in mice, and in high doses (100mg/kg), did not interfere in memory consolidation. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that EEHb presents psychopharmacological activities, including anxiolytic, antidepressant, and hypnotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Tolardo
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, CCS, Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas/UNIVALI, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
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