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Gadre M, Kasturi M, Agarwal P, Vasanthan KS. Decellularization and Their Significance for Tissue Regeneration in the Era of 3D Bioprinting. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:7375-7392. [PMID: 38405516 PMCID: PMC10883024 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional bioprinting is an emerging technology that has high potential application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Increasing advancement and improvement in the decellularization process have led to an increase in the demand for using a decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) to fabricate tissue engineered products. Decellularization is the process of retaining the extracellular matrix (ECM) while the cellular components are completely removed to harvest the ECM for the regeneration of various tissues and across different sources. Post decellularization of tissues and organs, they act as natural biomaterials to provide the biochemical and structural support to establish cell communication. Selection of an effective method for decellularization is crucial, and various factors like tissue density, geometric organization, and ECM composition affect the regenerative potential which has an impact on the end product. The dECM is a versatile material which is added as an important ingredient to formulate the bioink component for constructing tissue and organs for various significant studies. Bioink consisting of dECM from various sources is used to generate tissue-specific bioink that is unique and to mimic different biometric microenvironments. At present, there are many different techniques applied for decellularization, and the process is not standardized and regulated due to broad application. This review aims to provide an overview of different decellularization procedures, and we also emphasize the different dECM-derived bioinks present in the current global market and the major clinical outcomes. We have also highlighted an overview of benefits and limitations of different decellularization methods and various characteristic validations of decellularization and dECM-derived bioinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrunmayi Gadre
- Manipal
Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal
Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Meghana Kasturi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Michigan, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, United States
| | - Prachi Agarwal
- Manipal
Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal
Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kirthanashri S. Vasanthan
- Manipal
Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal
Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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2
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Das P, Rajesh K, Lalzawmliana V, Bavya Devi K, Basak P, Lahiri D, Kundu B, Roy M, Nandi SK. Development and Characterization of Acellular Caprine Choncal Cartilage Matrix for Tissue Engineering Applications. Cartilage 2021; 13:1292S-1308S. [PMID: 31215790 PMCID: PMC8804783 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519855769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of poor regenerative capabilities of cartilage, reconstruction of similar rigidity and flexibility is difficult, challenging, and restricted. The aim of the present investigation was to develop cost-effective acellular xenogeneic biomaterial as cartilage substitution. Two novel biometrics have been developed using different chemical processes (Na-deoxycholate + SDS and GndHCl + NaOH) to decellularize caprine (goat) ear cartilage and further extensively characterized before preclinical investigation. Complete cell removal was ascertained by hematoxylin and eosin staining followed by DNA estimation. No adverse effect on extracellular matrix (ECM) was found by quantifying collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) content as well as collagen, sGAG and elastin staining. Results showed no drastic changes in ECM structure apart from desired sGAG loss. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed cellular loss and unaltered orientation. Nano-indentation study on cartilage matrices indicated interesting output showing better results among decellularized groups. Increased elastic modulus and hardness indicated better stiffness and more active energy dissipation mechanism due to decellularization. Fluid uptake and retention property remained unchanged after decellularization as analyzed by swelling behavior study. Additionally, acellular materials were confirmed to be nonreactive and nonhemolytic as assessed by in vitro hemocompatibility study. In vivo study (up to 3 months) on rabbits showed no symptoms of graft rejection/ tissue necrosis, established through postoperative histology and biochemical analyses of tissue explants. With regard to size, shape, biomechanics, source of origin and nonimmunogenic properties, these developed materials can play versatile role in biomedical/ clinical applications and pave a new insight as alternatives in cartilage reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Das
- School of Biosciences and Engineering,
Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kanike Rajesh
- Department of Metallurgical and
Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand,
India
| | - V. Lalzawmliana
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and
Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West
Bengal, India
| | - K. Bavya Devi
- Department of Metallurgical and
Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology–Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West
Bengal, India
| | - Piyali Basak
- School of Biosciences and Engineering,
Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debrupa Lahiri
- Department of Metallurgical and
Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand,
India
| | - Biswanath Kundu
- Bioceramics and Coating Division,
CSIR–Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mangal Roy
- Department of Metallurgical and
Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology–Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West
Bengal, India
| | - Samit Kumar Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and
Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West
Bengal, India,Samit Kumar Nandi, Department of Veterinary
Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences,
37, K. B. Sarani, Kolkata 700037, West Bengal, India.
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Bashiri Z, Amiri I, Gholipourmalekabadi M, Falak R, Asgari H, Maki CB, Moghaddaszadeh A, Koruji M. Artificial testis: a testicular tissue extracellular matrix as a potential bio-ink for 3D printing. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3465-3484. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02209h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A summary of the study design showing the extraction of extracellular matrix of testicular tissue and the printing of hydrogel scaffolds and the interaction of testicular cells on three-dimensional scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bashiri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center
- Iran University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
- Department of Anatomy
| | - Iraj Amiri
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
- Hamadan
- Iran
- Endometrium and Research Center
| | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research center
- Iran University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine
| | - Reza Falak
- Immunology Research Center (IRC)
- Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases
- Iran University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Hamidreza Asgari
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center
- Iran University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
- Department of Anatomy
| | | | - Ali Moghaddaszadeh
- Departement of Biomedical Engineering
- Science and Research Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Morteza Koruji
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center
- Iran University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
- Department of Anatomy
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4
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Kim BS, Das S, Jang J, Cho DW. Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-based Bioinks for Engineering Tissue- and Organ-specific Microenvironments. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10608-10661. [PMID: 32786425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials-based biofabrication methods have gained much attention in recent years. Among them, 3D cell printing is a pioneering technology to facilitate the recapitulation of unique features of complex human tissues and organs with high process flexibility and versatility. Bioinks, combinations of printable hydrogel and cells, can be utilized to create 3D cell-printed constructs. The bioactive cues of bioinks directly trigger cells to induce tissue morphogenesis. Among the various printable hydrogels, the tissue- and organ-specific decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) can exert synergistic effects in supporting various cells at any component by facilitating specific physiological properties. In this review, we aim to discuss a new paradigm of dECM-based bioinks able to recapitulate the inherent microenvironmental niche in 3D cell-printed constructs. This review can serve as a toolbox for biomedical engineers who want to understand the beneficial characteristics of the dECM-based bioinks and a basic set of fundamental criteria for printing functional human tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Soo Kim
- Future IT Innovation Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu,, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanskrita Das
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinah Jang
- Future IT Innovation Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu,, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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5
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Sakina R, Llucià-Valldeperas A, Henriques Lourenço A, Harichandan A, Gelsomino S, Wieringa P, Mota C, Moroni L. Decellularization of porcine heart tissue to obtain extracellular matrix based hydrogels. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 157:3-21. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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6
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Dong M, Zhao L, Wang F, Hu X, Li H, Liu T, Zhou Q, Shi W. Rapid porcine corneal decellularization through the use of sodium N-lauroyl glutamate and supernuclease. J Tissue Eng 2019; 10:2041731419875876. [PMID: 31588337 PMCID: PMC6740050 DOI: 10.1177/2041731419875876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal decellularization represents a promising alternative source of human donor with global shortage. Multiple methods have been developed for the preparation of decellularized porcine corneal stroma. However, most strategies relied on long-time treatment to facilitate the entry of detergents or nucleases, which may cause irreversible ultrastructural damage. Here, we developed a rapid decellularization method for porcine corneal stroma through the combined mild detergent sodium N-lauroyl glutamate (SLG) and supernuclease. Compared with traditional methods, the novel decellularization method allowed the efficient removal of xenoantigen DNA within 3 h, while retaining the ultrastructure, transparency, and mechanical properties of porcine corneas. When transplanted in rabbit model for 1 month, the decellularized porcine corneal grafts presented favorable transparency and biocompatibility without immune rejection. Therefore, the combined use of detergent SLG and supernuclease may serve as a promising method for the clinical use of decellularized porcine cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muchen Dong
- Shandong Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Weiyun Shi
- Shandong Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
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7
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Shinoka T, Miyachi H. Current Status of Tissue Engineering Heart Valve. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2016; 7:677-684. [DOI: 10.1177/2150135116664873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of surgically implantable heart valve prostheses has contributed to improved outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, there are drawbacks, such as risk of infection and lack of growth potential. Tissue-engineered heart valve (TEHV) holds great promise to address these drawbacks as the ideal TEHV is easily implanted, biocompatible, non-thrombogenic, durable, degradable, and ultimately remodels into native-like tissue. In general, three main components used in creating a tissue-engineered construct are (1) a scaffold material, (2) a cell type for seeding the scaffold, and (3) a subsequent remodeling process driven by cell accumulation and proliferation, and/or biochemical and mechanical signaling. Despite rapid progress in the field over the past decade, TEHVs have not been translated into clinical applications successfully. To successfully utilize TEHVs clinically, further elucidation of the mechanisms for TEHV remodeling and further translational research outcome evaluations will be required. Tissue engineering is a major breakthrough in cardiovascular medicine that holds amazing promise for the future of reconstructive surgical procedures. In this article, we review the history of regenerative medicine, advances in the field, and state-of-the-art in valvular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Shinoka
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hideki Miyachi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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8
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Boccafoschi F, Botta M, Fusaro L, Copes F, Ramella M, Cannas M. Decellularized biological matrices: an interesting approach for cardiovascular tissue repair and regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1648-1657. [PMID: 26511323 DOI: 10.1002/term.2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The repair and replacement of blood vessels is one of the most challenging topics for biomedical research. Autologous vessels are preferred as graft materials, but they still have many issues to overcome: for instance, they need multiple surgical procedures and often patients may not have healthy and surgically valuable arteries useful as an autograft. A tissue-engineering approach is widely desirable to generate biological vascular prostheses. Recently, decellularization of native tissue has gained significant attention in the biomedical research field. This method is used to obtain biological scaffolds that are expected to maintain the complex three-dimensional structure of the extracellular matrix, preserving the biomechanical properties of the native tissues. The decellularizing methods and the biomechanical characteristics of these products are presented in this review. Decellularization of biological matrices induces the loss of major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which is expected to promote an immunological response by the host. All the studies showed that decellularized biomaterials possess adequate properties for xenografting. Concerning their mechanical properties, several studies have demonstrated that, although chemical decellularization methods do not affect the scaffolds' mechanical properties, these materials can be modified through different treatments in order to provide the desired mechanical characteristics, depending on the specific application. A short overview of legislative issues concerning the use of decellularized substitutes and future perspectives in surgical applications is also presented. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Boccafoschi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale 'A. Avogadro', Novara, Italy
| | - Margherita Botta
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale 'A. Avogadro', Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Fusaro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale 'A. Avogadro', Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Copes
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale 'A. Avogadro', Novara, Italy
| | - Martina Ramella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale 'A. Avogadro', Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Cannas
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale 'A. Avogadro', Novara, Italy
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9
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Xing Q, Yates K, Tahtinen M, Shearier E, Qian Z, Zhao F. Decellularization of fibroblast cell sheets for natural extracellular matrix scaffold preparation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:77-87. [PMID: 24866751 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissue engineering has gained increasing interest because it can provide a naturally occurring, complex set of physiologically functional signals for cell growth. The ECM scaffolds produced from decellularized fibroblast cell sheets contain high amounts of ECM substances, such as collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans. They can serve as cell adhesion sites and mechanically strong supports for tissue-engineered constructs. An efficient method that can largely remove cellular materials while maintaining minimal disruption of ECM ultrastructure and content during the decellularization process is critical. In this study, three decellularization methods were investigated: high concentration (0.5 wt%) of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), low concentration (0.05 wt%) of SDS, and freeze-thaw cycling method. They were compared by characterization of ECM preservation, mechanical properties, in vitro immune response, and cell repopulation ability of the resulted ECM scaffolds. The results demonstrated that the high SDS treatment could efficiently remove around 90% of DNA from the cell sheet, but significantly compromised their ECM content and mechanical strength. The elastic and viscous modulus of the ECM decreased around 80% and 62%, respectively, after the high SDS treatment. The freeze-thaw cycling method maintained the ECM structure as well as the mechanical strength, but also preserved a large amount of cellular components in the ECM scaffold. Around 88% of DNA was left in the ECM after the freeze-thaw treatment. In vitro inflammatory tests suggested that the amount of DNA fragments in ECM scaffolds does not cause a significantly different immune response. All three ECM scaffolds showed comparable ability to support in vitro cell repopulation. The ECM scaffolds possess great potential to be selectively used in different tissue engineering applications according to the practical requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, Michigan
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10
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Jana S, Tefft BJ, Spoon DB, Simari RD. Scaffolds for tissue engineering of cardiac valves. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2877-93. [PMID: 24675108 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineered heart valves offer a promising alternative for the replacement of diseased heart valves avoiding the limitations faced with currently available bioprosthetic and mechanical heart valves. In the paradigm of tissue engineering, a three-dimensional platform - the so-called scaffold - is essential for cell proliferation, growth and differentiation, as well as the ultimate generation of a functional tissue. A foundation for success in heart valve tissue engineering is a recapitulation of the complex design and diverse mechanical properties of a native valve. This article reviews technological details of the scaffolds that have been applied to date in heart valve tissue engineering research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jana
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - B J Tefft
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - D B Spoon
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - R D Simari
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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11
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Teodori L, Costa A, Marzio R, Perniconi B, Coletti D, Adamo S, Gupta B, Tarnok A. Native extracellular matrix: a new scaffolding platform for repair of damaged muscle. Front Physiol 2014; 5:218. [PMID: 24982637 PMCID: PMC4058757 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective clinical treatments for volumetric muscle loss resulting from traumatic injury or resection of a large amount of muscle mass are not available to date. Tissue engineering may represent an alternative treatment approach. Decellularization of tissues and whole organs is a recently introduced platform technology for creating scaffolding materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The muscle stem cell niche is composed of a three-dimensional architecture of fibrous proteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans, synthesized by the resident cells that form an intricate extracellular matrix (ECM) network in equilibrium with the surrounding cells and growth factors. A consistent body of evidence indicates that ECM proteins regulate stem cell differentiation and renewal and are highly relevant to tissue engineering applications. The ECM also provides a supportive medium for blood or lymphatic vessels and for nerves. Thus, the ECM is the nature's ideal biological scaffold material. ECM-based bioscaffolds can be recellularized to create potentially functional constructs as a regenerative medicine strategy for organ replacement or tissue repopulation. This article reviews current strategies for the repair of damaged muscle using bioscaffolds obtained from animal ECM by decellularization of small intestinal submucosa (SIS), urinary bladder mucosa (UB), and skeletal muscle, and proposes some innovative approaches for the application of such strategies in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Teodori
- UTAPRAD-DIM, ENEA Frascati Rome, Italy ; Fondazione San Raffaele Ceglie Messapica, Italy
| | - Alessandra Costa
- Fondazione San Raffaele Ceglie Messapica, Italy ; Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rosa Marzio
- Fondazione San Raffaele Ceglie Messapica, Italy
| | - Barbara Perniconi
- UMR 8256 CNRS Biology of Adaptation and Aging, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06 Paris, France
| | - Dario Coletti
- UMR 8256 CNRS Biology of Adaptation and Aging, University Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06 Paris, France ; Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Adamo
- Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Bhuvanesh Gupta
- Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi, India
| | - Attila Tarnok
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Heart Centre Leipzig, and Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Keeping an eye on decellularized corneas: a review of methods, characterization and applications. J Funct Biomater 2013; 4:114-61. [PMID: 24956084 PMCID: PMC4030906 DOI: 10.3390/jfb4030114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide limited availability of suitable corneal donor tissue has led to the development of alternatives, including keratoprostheses (Kpros) and tissue engineered (TE) constructs. Despite advances in bioscaffold design, there is yet to be a corneal equivalent that effectively mimics both the native tissue ultrastructure and biomechanical properties. Human decellularized corneas (DCs) could offer a safe, sustainable source of corneal tissue, increasing the donor pool and potentially reducing the risk of immune rejection after corneal graft surgery. Appropriate, human-specific, decellularization techniques and high-resolution, non-destructive analysis systems are required to ensure reproducible outputs can be achieved. If robust treatment and characterization processes can be developed, DCs could offer a supplement to the donor corneal pool, alongside superior cell culture systems for pharmacology, toxicology and drug discovery studies.
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13
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Giusti S, Fiszer de Plazas S. Neuroprotection by hypoxic preconditioning involves upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in a prenatal model of acute hypoxia. J Neurosci Res 2011; 90:468-78. [PMID: 21953610 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The molecular pathways underlying the neuroprotective effects of preconditioning are promising, potentially drugable targets to promote cell survival. However, these pathways are complex and are not yet fully understood. In this study we have established a paradigm of hypoxic preconditioning based on a chick embryo model of normobaric acute hypoxia previously developed by our group. With this model, we analyzed the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) stabilization during preconditioning in HIF-1 signaling after the hypoxic injury and in the development of a neuroprotective effect against the insult. To this end, we used a pharmacological approach, based on the in vivo administration of positive (Fe(2+), ascorbate) and negative (CoCl(2)) modulators of the activity of HIF-prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs), the main regulators of HIF-1. We have found that preconditioning has a reinforcing effect on HIF-1 accumulation during the subsequent hypoxic injury. In addition, we have also demonstrated that HIF-1 induction during hypoxic preconditioning is necessary to obtain an enhancement in HIF-1 accumulation and to develop a tolerance against a subsequent hypoxic injury. We provide in vivo evidence that administration of Fe(2+) and ascorbate modulates HIF accumulation, suggesting that PHDs might be targets for neuroprotection in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Giusti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience Prof. E De Robertis, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Crapo PM, Gilbert TW, Badylak SF. An overview of tissue and whole organ decellularization processes. Biomaterials 2011; 32:3233-43. [PMID: 21296410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2201] [Impact Index Per Article: 169.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biologic scaffold materials composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) are typically derived by processes that involve decellularization of tissues or organs. Preservation of the complex composition and three-dimensional ultrastructure of the ECM is highly desirable but it is recognized that all methods of decellularization result in disruption of the architecture and potential loss of surface structure and composition. Physical methods and chemical and biologic agents are used in combination to lyse cells, followed by rinsing to remove cell remnants. Effective decellularization methodology is dictated by factors such as tissue density and organization, geometric and biologic properties desired for the end product, and the targeted clinical application. Tissue decellularization with preservation of ECM integrity and bioactivity can be optimized by making educated decisions regarding the agents and techniques utilized during processing. An overview of decellularization methods, their effect upon resulting ECM structure and composition, and recently described perfusion techniques for whole organ decellularization techniques are presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Crapo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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Kuszczak I, Samson SE, Pande J, Shen DQ, Grover AK. Sodium-calcium exchanger and lipid rafts in pig coronary artery smooth muscle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1808:589-96. [PMID: 21130729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pig coronary artery smooth muscle expresses, among many other proteins, Na+-Ca²+-exchanger NCX1 and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²+ pump SERCA2. NCX1 has been proposed to play a role in refilling the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²+ pool suggesting a functional linkage between the two proteins. We hypothesized that this functional linkage may require close apposition of SERCA2 and NCX1 involving regions of plasma membrane like lipid rafts. Lipid rafts are specialized membrane microdomains that appear as platforms to co-localize proteins. To determine the distribution of NCX1, SERCA2 and lipid rafts, we isolated microsomes from the smooth muscle tissue, treated them with non-ionic detergent and obtained fractions of different densities by sucrose density gradient centrifugal flotation. We examined the distribution of NCX1; SERCA2; non-lipid raft plasma membrane marker transferrin receptor protein; lipid raft markers caveolin-1, flotillin-2, prion protein, GM1-gangliosides and cholesterol; and cytoskeletal markers clathrin, actin and myosin. Distribution of markers identified two subsets of lipid rafts that differ in their components. One subset is rich in caveolin-1 and flotillin-2 and the other in GM1-gangliosides, prion protein and cholesterol. NCX1 distribution correlated strongly with SERCA2, caveolin-1 and flotillin-2, less strongly with the other membrane markers and negatively with the cytoskeletal markers. These experiments were repeated with a non-detergent method of treating microsomes with sonication at high pH and similar results were obtained. These observations are consistent with the observed functional linkage between NCX1 and SERCA2 and suggest a role for NCX1 in supplying Ca²+ for refilling the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Kuszczak
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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