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Wang C, Feng Y, Patel D, Xie H, Lv Y, Zhao H. The role of CD47 in non-neoplastic diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22905. [PMID: 38125492 PMCID: PMC10731077 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
CD47 is a 50 kDa five-spanning membrane receptor that plays a crucial role in multiple cellular processes, including myeloid cell activation, neutrophils transmigration, vascular remodeling, leukocyte adhesion and trans-endothelial migration. Recent studies have revealed that CD47 is a highly expressed anti-phagocytic signal in several types of cancer, and therefore, blocking of CD47 has shown an effective therapeutic potential in cancer immunotherapy. In addition, CD47 has been found to be involved in a complex interplay with microglia and other types of cells, and increasing evidence indicates that CD47 can be targeted as part of immune modulatory strategies for non-neoplastic diseases as well. In this review, we focus on CD47 and its role in non-neoplastic diseases, including neurological disorders, atherosclerosis and autoimmune diseases. In addition, we discuss the major challenges and potential remedies associated with CD47-SIRPα-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266005, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Emergency, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266005, China
| | - Deepali Patel
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Hongwei Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266005, China
| | - Yaqing Lv
- Department of Outpatient, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266005, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266005, China
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2
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Kaur S, Isenberg JS, Roberts DD. CD47 (Cluster of Differentiation 47). ATLAS OF GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS IN ONCOLOGY AND HAEMATOLOGY 2021; 25:83-102. [PMID: 34707698 PMCID: PMC8547767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CD47, also known as integrin-associated protein, is a constitutively and ubiquitously expressed transmembrane receptor. CD47 is conserved across amniotes including mammals, reptiles, and birds. Expression is increased in many cancers and, in non-malignant cells, by stress and with aging. The up-regulation of CD47 expression is generally epigenetic, whereas gene amplification occurs with low frequency in some cancers. CD47 is a high affinity signaling receptor for the secreted protein thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) and the counter-receptor for signal regulatory protein-α (SIRPA, SIRPα) and SIRPγ (SIRPG). CD47 interaction with SIRPα serves as a marker of self to innate immune cells and thereby protects cancer cells from phagocytic clearance. Consequently, higher CD47 correlates with a poor prognosis in some cancers, and therapeutic blockade can suppress tumor growth by enhancing innate antitumor immunity. CD47 expressed on cytotoxic T cells, dendritic cells, and NK cells mediates inhibitory THBS1 signaling that further limits antitumor immunity. CD47 laterally associates with several integrins and thereby regulates cell adhesion and migration. CD47 has additional lateral binding partners in specific cell types, and ligation of CD47 in some cases modulates their function. THBS1-CD47 signaling in non-malignant cells inhibits nitric oxide/cGMP, calcium, and VEGF signaling, mitochondrial homeostasis, stem cell maintenance, protective autophagy, and DNA damage response, and promotes NADPH oxidase activity. CD47 signaling is a physiological regulator of platelet activation, angiogenesis and blood flow. THBS1/CD47 signaling is frequently dysregulated in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - David D Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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3
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Yang H, Zhou T, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N, Liu B. Myeloid-Derived TSP1 (Thrombospondin-1) Contributes to Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Through Suppressing Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e350-e366. [PMID: 33028100 PMCID: PMC7686278 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal aortic aneurysm is characterized by the progressive loss of aortic integrity and accumulation of inflammatory cells primarily macrophages. We previously reported that global deletion of matricellular protein TSP1 (thrombospondin-1) protects mice from aneurysm formation. The objective of the current study is to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying TSP1's action in aneurysm. Approach and Results: Using RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization, we identified macrophages being the major source of TSP1 in human and mouse aneurysmal tissues, accounting for over 70% of cells that actively expressed Thbs1 mRNA. Lack of TSP1 in macrophages decreased solution-based gelatinase activities by elevating TIMP1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1) without affecting the major MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases). Knocking down Timp1 restored the ability of Thbs1-/- macrophages to invade matrix. Finally, we generated Thbs1flox/flox mice and crossed them with Lyz2-cre mice. In the CaCl2-induced model of abdominal aortic aneurysm, lacking TSP1 in myeloid cells was sufficient to protect mice from aneurysm by reducing macrophage accumulation and preserving aortic integrity. CONCLUSIONS TSP1 contributes to aneurysm pathogenesis, at least in part, by suppressing TIMP1 expression, which subsequently enables inflammatory macrophages to infiltrate vascular tissues.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Down-Regulation
- Humans
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Signal Transduction
- Thrombospondin 1/deficiency
- Thrombospondin 1/genetics
- Thrombospondin 1/metabolism
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/genetics
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Department of Surgery,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Surgery,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Christine M. Sorenson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Surgery,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
- Department of Cellular and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
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4
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Recent Advancements in CD47 Signal Transduction Pathways Involved in Vascular Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4749135. [PMID: 32733941 PMCID: PMC7378613 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4749135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis have a high disability rate and reduce the quality of life of the population. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of atherosclerosis and its control may interfere with the progression of atherosclerosis and thus control the occurrence of diseases closely related to atherosclerosis. TSP-1 is a factor that has been found to have an antiangiogenic effect, and CD47, as the receptor of TSP-1, can participate in the regulation of antiangiogenesis of atherosclerosis. VEGF is an important regulator of angiogenesis, and TSP-1/CD47 can cause VEGF and its downstream expression. Therefore, the TSP-1/CD47/VEGF/VEGFR2 signal may have an important influence on atherosclerosis. In addition, some inflammatory factors, such as IL-1 and NLRP3, can also affect atherosclerosis. This review will be expounded focusing on the pathogenesis and influencing factors of atherosclerosis.
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Xing C, Li W, Deng W, Ning M, Lo EH. A potential gliovascular mechanism for microglial activation: differential phenotypic switching of microglia by endothelium versus astrocytes. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:143. [PMID: 29764475 PMCID: PMC5952884 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of microglia can result in phenotypic and functional diversity. However, the pathways that trigger different states of microglial activation remain to be fully understood. Here, we hypothesized that after injury, astrocytes and endothelium may contribute to a gliovascular switch for microglial activation. METHODS Astrocytes or cerebral endothelial cells were subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation, then conditioned media were transferred to microglia. The release of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-10, and IGF-1 was measured using ELISA. Surface markers of CD11b, CD45, CD86, and MHC class II were detected by flow cytometry. mRNA expression of iNOS, CD86, CD206, Arginase1, and transcription factors was measured using real-time PCR. Microglial function including migration and phagocytosis was assessed. Dendritogenesis was determined by counting the number of primary dendrites, secondary dendrites, and dendritic ends in the neurons exposed to either endothelial- or astrocyte-activated microglia. RESULTS Exposure to conditioned media from oxygen-glucose-deprived cerebral endothelial cells or oxygen-glucose-deprived astrocytes activated microglia into different forms. The endothelium converted ramified microglia into amoeboid shapes; increased the release of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-10; decreased IGF-1; upregulated iNOS expression; and inhibited microglial migration and phagocytosis. In contrast, astrocytes increased microglial production of IGF-1, upregulated CD206 expression, and enhanced microglial phagocytosis. These opposing effects of the endothelium versus astrocyte crosstalk partly mirror potentially deleterious versus potentially beneficial microglial phenotypes. Consistent with this idea, endothelial-activated microglia were neurotoxic, whereas astrocyte-activated microglia did not affect neuronal viability but instead promoted neuronal dendritogenesis. CONCLUSION These findings provide proof of concept that endothelial cells and astrocytes provide differing signals to microglia that influence their activation states and suggest that a gliovascular switch may be involved in the balance between beneficial versus deleterious microglial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Xing
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MGH East 149-2401, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
| | - Wenlu Li
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MGH East 149-2401, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
| | - Wenjun Deng
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - MingMing Ning
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Eng H. Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MGH East 149-2401, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
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Vibhuti, Khan R, Sharma A, Jain S, Mohanty S, Prasad K. Intra-arterial transplantation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) improves behavioral deficits and alters gene expression in rodent stroke model. J Neurochem 2017; 143:722-735. [PMID: 29049855 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a multi-factorial polygenic disease and is a major cause of death and adult disability. Administration of bone marrow stem cells protects ischemic rat brain by facilitating recovery of neurological functions. But the molecular mechanism of stem cells action and their effect on gene expression is not well explored. In this study, we have transplanted 1 × 106 human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) in middle cerebral artery occluded (MCAo) adult male Wistar rats through intracarotid artery route at 24 h after surgery. Motor behavioral tests (rotarod and open field) were performed to assess the changes in motor functions at day 0 and day1, 4, 8 and 14. The expression of studied genes at mRNA and protein level was quantified by using Q-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Further, we have assessed the methylation pattern of promoter of these genes by using methylation-specific PCR. Data were analyzed statistically and correlated. A significant improvement in behavioral deficits was observed in stem cells treated group after 14th day post stroke. Significantly (p < 0.05) increased mRNA and protein levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor and ANP genes in hBMMSCs treated group along with decrease in methylation level at their promoter was observed. On the other hand, significantly decreased mRNA and protein level of TSP1 and WNK1 in hBMMSCs treated group was observed. In conclusion, hBMMSCs administration significantly improves the behavioral deficits by improving motor and locomotor coordination. The promoter of TSP1 and WNK1 genes was found to be hyper-methylated in hBMMSCs group resulting in their decreased expression while the promoter of ANP and brain derived neurotrophic factor was found to be hypo-methylated. This study might shed a light on how hBMMSCs affect the gene expression by modulating methylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Rehan Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Suman Jain
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Kameshwar Prasad
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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7
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Li P, Wang L, Zhou Y, Gan Y, Zhu W, Xia Y, Jiang X, Watkins S, Vazquez A, Thomson AW, Chen J, Yu W, Hu X. C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 5 (CCR5)-Mediated Docking of Transferred Tregs Protects Against Early Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption After Stroke. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e006387. [PMID: 28768648 PMCID: PMC5586468 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite recent evidence demonstrating a potent protective effect of adoptively transferred regulatory T cells (Tregs) in ischemic stroke, the mechanism for Treg mobilization and activation in the ischemic brain is, remarkably, unknown. This study determines the role of C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) in mediating the docking and activation of transferred Tregs in their protection of early blood-brain barrier disruption after stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS Adoptive transfer of CCR5-/- Tregs failed to reduce brain infarct or neurological deficits, indicating an indispensable role of CCR5 in Treg-afforded protection against cerebral ischemia. Two-photon live imaging demonstrated that CCR5 was critical for Treg docking at the injured vessel wall, where they interact with blood-borne neutrophils/macrophages after cerebral ischemic injury. CCR5 deficiency on donor Tregs deprived of their early protection against blood-brain barrier damage. Using flow cytometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunostaining, we confirmed that the expression of CCL5, a CCR5 ligand, was significantly elevated on the injured endothelium after cerebral ischemia, accompanied by CCR5 upregulation on circulating Tregs. In a Treg-endothelial cell coculture, CCR5 expression was induced on Tregs on their exposure to ischemia-injured endothelial cells. Furthermore, CCR5 induction on Tregs enhanced expression of the inhibitory molecule programmed death ligand 1, which in turn inhibited neutrophil-derived matrix metallopeptidase 9. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CCR5 is a critical molecule for Treg-mediated blood-brain barrier protection and a potential target to optimize Treg therapy for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxi Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yuguo Xia
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Simon Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alberto Vazquez
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Angus W Thomson
- Department of Surgery, Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jun Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institute of Brain Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Cheng C, Yu Z, Zhao S, Liao Z, Xing C, Jiang Y, Yang YG, Whalen MJ, Lo EH, Sun X, Wang X. Thrombospondin-1 Gene Deficiency Worsens the Neurological Outcomes of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:927-936. [PMID: 28924363 PMCID: PMC5599915 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.18812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is an extracellular matrix protein that plays multiple physiological and pathophysiological roles in the brain. Experimental reports suggest that TSP-1 may have an adverse role in neuronal function recovery under certain injury conditions. However, the roles of TSP-1 in traumatic brain injury (TBI) have not been elucidated. In this study we for the first time investigated the roles of TSP-1 in a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI in TSP-1 knockout (TSP-1 KO) and wild type (WT) mice. Methods: We examined blood brain-barrier (BBB) damage using at 1 day post-TBI by measuring Evans Blue leakage, and neurological functional recovery at 3 weeks post-TBI by measuring neurological severity score (NSS), wire gripping, corner test and Morris Water Maze (MWM). Mechanistically, we quantified pro-angiogenic biomarkers including cerebral vessel density, vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) protein expression, synaptic biomarker synaptophysin, and synaptogenesis marker brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein expression in contralateral and ipsilateral (peri-lesion) cortex at 21 days after TBI using immunohistochemistry and Western Blot. Results: TSP-1 is upregulated at early phase of TBI in WT mice. Compared to WT mice, TSP-1 KO (1) significantly worsened TBI-induced BBB leakage at 1 day after TBI; (2) had similar lesion size as WT mice at 3 weeks after TBI; (3) exhibited a significantly worse neurological deficits in motor and cognitive functions; (4) had no significant difference in cerebral vessel density, but significant increase of VEGF and Ang-1 protein expressions in peri-lesion cortex; (5) significantly increased BDNF but not synaptophysin protein level in peri-lesion cortex compared to sham, but both synaptophysin and BDNF expressions were significantly decreased in contralateral cortex compared to WT. Conclusion: Our results suggest that TSP-1 may be beneficial for maintaining BBB integrity in the early phase and functional recovery in late phase after TBI. The molecular mechanisms of TSP-1 in early BBB pathophysiology, and long-term neurological function recovery after TBI need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjie Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Zhanyang Yu
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Song Zhao
- Departments of Orthopedic and Neurosurgery, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhengbu Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Changhong Xing
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yinghua Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J. Whalen
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Eng H. Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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9
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Lumniczky K, Szatmári T, Sáfrány G. Ionizing Radiation-Induced Immune and Inflammatory Reactions in the Brain. Front Immunol 2017; 8:517. [PMID: 28529513 PMCID: PMC5418235 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced late brain injury consisting of vascular abnormalities, demyelination, white matter necrosis, and cognitive impairment has been described in patients subjected to cranial radiotherapy for brain tumors. Accumulating evidence suggests that various degrees of cognitive deficit can develop after much lower doses of ionizing radiation, as well. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these alterations are not elucidated so far. A permanent deficit in neurogenesis, chronic microvascular alterations, and blood–brain barrier dysfunctionality are considered among the main causative factors. Chronic neuroinflammation and altered immune reactions in the brain, which are inherent complications of brain irradiation, have also been directly implicated in the development of cognitive decline after radiation. This review aims to give a comprehensive overview on radiation-induced immune alterations and inflammatory reactions in the brain and summarizes how these processes can influence cognitive performance. The available data on the risk of low-dose radiation exposure in the development of cognitive impairment and the underlying mechanisms are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Lumniczky
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Szatmári
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
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10
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Du Y, Deng W, Wang Z, Ning M, Zhang W, Zhou Y, Lo EH, Xing C. Differential subnetwork of chemokines/cytokines in human, mouse, and rat brain cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:1425-1434. [PMID: 27328691 PMCID: PMC5453462 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16656199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mice and rats are the most commonly used animals for preclinical stroke studies, but it is unclear whether targets and mechanisms are always the same across different species. Here, we mapped the baseline expression of a chemokine/cytokine subnetwork and compared responses after oxygen-glucose deprivation in primary neurons, astrocytes, and microglia from mouse, rat, and human. Baseline profiles of chemokines (CX3CL1, CXCL12, CCL2, CCL3, and CXCL10) and cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα) showed significant differences between human and rodents. The response of chemokines/cytokines to oxygen-glucose deprivation was also significantly different between species. After 4 h oxygen-glucose deprivation and 4 h reoxygenation, human and rat neurons showed similar changes with a downregulation in many chemokines, whereas mouse neurons showed a mixed response with up- and down-regulated genes. For astrocytes, subnetwork response patterns were more similar in rats and mice compared to humans. For microglia, rat cells showed an upregulation in all chemokines/cytokines, mouse cells had many down-regulated genes, and human cells showed a mixed response with up- and down-regulated genes. This study provides proof-of-concept that species differences exist in chemokine/cytokine subnetworks in brain cells that may be relevant to stroke pathophysiology. Further investigation of differential gene pathways across species is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- 1 Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,3 Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Deng
- 4 Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zixing Wang
- 5 Departments of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - MingMing Ning
- 4 Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- 1 Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,3 Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- 2 Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Eng H Lo
- 2 Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Changhong Xing
- 2 Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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11
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Roslavtceva V, Salmina A, Prokopenko S, Pozhilenkova E, Kobanenko I, Rezvitskaya G. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the regulation of development and functioning of the brain: new target molecules for pharmacotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 62:124-33. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20166202124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) have been shown to participate in atherosclerosis, arteriogenesis, cerebral edema, neuroprotection, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, postischemic brain and vessel repair. Most of these actions involve VEGF-A and the VEGFR-2 receptor. VEGF signaling pathways represent an important potential for treatment of neurological diseases affecting the brain
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Affiliation(s)
- V.V. Roslavtceva
- Voyno-Yasenetski Krasnoyarsk State Medical Academy, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - A.B. Salmina
- Voyno-Yasenetski Krasnoyarsk State Medical Academy, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - S.V. Prokopenko
- Voyno-Yasenetski Krasnoyarsk State Medical Academy, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - E.A. Pozhilenkova
- Voyno-Yasenetski Krasnoyarsk State Medical Academy, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - I.V. Kobanenko
- Berzon Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Hospital N 20, Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | - G.G. Rezvitskaya
- Berzon Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Hospital N 20, Krasnoyarsk Russia
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12
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Zhang H, Li F, Yang Y, Chen J, Hu X. SIRP/CD47 signaling in neurological disorders. Brain Res 2015; 1623:74-80. [PMID: 25795378 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Microglia play important roles in the process of neuronal injury and recovery. Numeous surface receptors have been described to regulate microglial activation. These receptors tightly mediate normal microglial functions including cell mobility, phagocytosis, and production of inflammatory mediators or trophic factors. In recent years, significant progresses have been achieved for understanding the signaling mechanisms underlying these receptors. Their specific roles in neurological diseases have been documented. This review will focus on the signal regulatory protein (SIRP) and its ligand CD47, two surface receptors expressed on microglia and other cells in the central nervous system (CNS) such as neurons. We will discuss the involvement of SIRP/CD47 signaling in microglial activation and in the interplay between microglia and other CNS cells. Current studies reveal the importance of CD47 and SIRPα in the process of neuroinflammation in the CNS disorders. The dual and contradictory role of CD47 suggests that targeting the SIRPα/CD47 signaling may achieve different effects depending on disease stage. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Cell Interactions In Stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Zhang
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Xianaya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fengwu Li
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Xianaya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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13
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Takahashi Y, Maki T, Liang AC, Itoh K, Lok J, Osumi N, Arai K. p38 MAP kinase mediates transforming-growth factor-β1-induced upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 but not -2 in human brain pericytes. Brain Res 2014; 1593:1-8. [PMID: 25451097 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pericytes are vascular mural cells embedded within the basal lamina of blood micro-vessels. Within the neurovascular unit, pericytes play important roles in regulating neurovascular homeostasis by secreting soluble factors, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). However, little is known about the regulatory signaling pathways in brain pericytes. Here we show that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) induces MMP-9 upregulation in pericytes via p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling. Cultured human brain vascular pericytes were used in this study. When the brain pericytes were treated with purified human TGF-β1 (0.1-10ng/mL for 24h), the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in culture media were significantly increased in a concentration dependent manner as measured by gelatin zymography. WST assay confirmed that TGF-β1 did not affect cell survival of the brain pericytes. A TGF-β-receptor inhibitor SB431542 (0.5-5μM) decreased the TGF-β1-induced upregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9. To assess the underlying intracellular mechanisms, we focused on p38 MAP kinase signaling, which is one of the major downstream kinases for TGF-β1. A well-validated p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 (0.5-5μM) cancelled the effect of TGF-β1 in upregulation of MMP-9 but not MMP-2. Western blotting confirmed that TGF-β1 treatment increased the level of p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation in pericytes, and again, the TGF-β-receptor inhibitor SB431542 (0.5-5μM) blocked the TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase. Both TGF-β1 and MMP-9 are major neurovascular mediators, and therefore, our current finding may suggest a novel mechanism for how pericytes regulate neurovascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Takahashi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Takakuni Maki
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Anna C Liang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kanako Itoh
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Josephine Lok
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Noriko Osumi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Miyata Y, Watanabe SI, Kanetake H, Sakai H. Thrombospondin-1-derived 4N1K peptide expression is negatively associated with malignant aggressiveness and prognosis in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:372. [PMID: 22928942 PMCID: PMC3502595 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombospondin (TSP) is a multi-functional protein that appears to have dual roles in cancer, that is, either as a promoter or a suppressor. 4N1K is a TSP-derived peptide that has been reported to be associated with neovascularity, cell survival, and invasion. There is a little information regarding its pathological roles in human cancer tissues. Our aim was to clarify clinical significance and prognostic value of 4N1K expression in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UC-UUT). Methods We investigated 4N1K expression in 97 surgically excised, non-metastasized UC-UUT specimens and five normal tissues via immunohistochemistry. Microvessel density (MVD), lymph vessel density (LVD), cancer cell proliferation (PI), apoptotic index (AI), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression was also determined. The relationships 4N1K expression and pT stage, grade, and prognosis were analysed. In addition, correlations with these cancer-related and TSP-related factors were also investigated. Results Strong and moderate 4N1K expression was found in normal urothelial tissues. Of the 97 specimens, 45 patients were positive for 4N1K expression, which was primarily located in the interstitial areas of the cancer tissue. 4N1K expression was negatively associated with pT stage (p = 0.003) and grade (p = 0.002). Survival analyses revealed that 4N1K is a predictor of metastasis-free (p = 0.036) and cause-specific survival (p = 0.009). 4N1K expression was closely associated with malignant behaviour, specifically MVD (p = 0.001), AI (p = 0.013), and MMP-9 expression (p = 0.036), but not PI and LVD, as determined via multivariate analysis models. Conclusions 4N1K expression appears to be associated with cancer cell progression and survival in UC-UUT patients via the regulation of angiogenesis, apoptosis, and MMP-9 expression. There is a possibility that the 4N1K-peptide may be a useful marker and novel therapeutic target in patients with UC-UUT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Chao MP, Majeti R, Weissman IL. Programmed cell removal: a new obstacle in the road to developing cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2011; 12:58-67. [PMID: 22158022 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of cancer involves mechanisms by which aberrant cells overcome normal regulatory pathways that limit their numbers and their migration. The evasion of programmed cell death is one of several key early events that need to be overcome in the progression from normal cellular homeostasis to malignant transformation. Recently, we provided evidence in mouse and human cancers that successful cancer clones must also overcome programmed cell removal. In this Opinion article, we explore the role of programmed cell removal in both normal and neoplastic cells, and we place this pathway in the context of the initiation of programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Chao
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Institute, Division of Haematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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Coulon S, Heindryckx F, Geerts A, Van Steenkiste C, Colle I, Van Vlierberghe H. Angiogenesis in chronic liver disease and its complications. Liver Int 2011; 31:146-62. [PMID: 21073649 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, liver cancer, cirrhosis and other liver-related diseases are the fifth most common cause of mortality in the UK. Furthermore, chronic liver diseases (CLDs) are one of the major causes of death, which are still increasing year-on-year. Therefore, knowledge about the pathophysiology of CLDs and its complications is of uttermost importance. The goal of this review is to clarify the role of angiogenesis in the disease progression of various liver diseases. Looking closer at the pathophysiology of portal hypertension (PH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we find that angiogenesis is a recurring factor in the disease progression. In PH, several factors involved in its pathogenesis, such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, inflammation and shear stress are potential mediators for the angiogenic response. The progression from fibrosis to cirrhosis, the end-point of CLDs, is distinguished by a prolonged inflammatory and fibrogenic process that leads to an abnormal angioarchitecture distinctive for cirrhosis. In several stages of NASH, a link might be made between the disease progression and hepatic microvasculature changes. HCC is one of the most vascular solid tumours in which angiogenesis plays an important role in its development, progression and metastasis. The close relationship between the progression of CLDs and angiogenesis emphasises the need for anti-angiogenic therapy as a tool for blocking or slowing down the disease progression. The fact that angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in CLDs gives rise to new opportunities for treating CLDs and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Coulon
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Bonkowski D, Katyshev V, Balabanov RD, Borisov A, Dore-Duffy P. The CNS microvascular pericyte: pericyte-astrocyte crosstalk in the regulation of tissue survival. Fluids Barriers CNS 2011; 8:8. [PMID: 21349156 PMCID: PMC3042982 DOI: 10.1186/2045-8118-8-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The French scientist Charles Benjamin Rouget identified the pericyte nearly 140 years ago. Since that time the role of the pericyte in vascular function has been difficult to elucidate. It was not until the development of techniques to isolate and culture pericytes that scientists have begun to understand the true impact of this unique cell in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In the brain the pericyte is an integral cellular component of the blood-brain barrier and, together with other cells of the neurovascular unit (endothelial cells, astrocytes and neurons) the pericyte makes fine-tuned regulatory adjustments and adaptations to promote tissue survival. These regulatory changes involve trans-cellular communication networks between cells. In this review we consider evidence for cell-to-cell crosstalk between pericytes and astrocytes during development and in adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Bonkowski
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 421 East Canfield Road, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
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