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Cioffi E, Coppola G, Musumeci O, Gallone S, Silvestri G, Rossi S, Piemonte F, D'Amico J, Tessa A, Santorelli FM, Casali C. Hereditary spastic paraparesis type 46 (SPG46): new GBA2 variants in a large Italian case series and review of the literature. Neurogenetics 2024; 25:51-67. [PMID: 38334933 PMCID: PMC11076336 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-024-00749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP) is a group of central nervous system diseases primarily affecting the spinal upper motor neurons, with different inheritance patterns and phenotypes. SPG46 is a rare, early-onset and autosomal recessive HSP, linked to biallelic GBA2 mutations. About thirty families have been described worldwide, with different phenotypes like complicated HSP, recessive cerebellar ataxia or Marinesco-Sjögren Syndrome. Herein, we report five SPG46 patients harbouring five novel GBA2 mutations, the largest series described in Italy so far. Probands were enrolled in five different centres and underwent neurological examination, clinical cognitive assessment, column imaging for scoliosis assessment, ophthalmologic examination, brain imaging, GBA2 activity in peripheral blood cells and genetic testing. Their phenotype was consistent with HSP, with notable features like upper gaze palsy and movement disorders. We review demographic, genetic, biochemical and clinical information from all documented cases in the existing literature, focusing on the global distribution of cases, the features of the syndrome, its variable presentation, new potential identifying features and the significance of measuring GBA2 enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Cioffi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Latina, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Coppola
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Latina, Italy
| | - Olimpia Musumeci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gallone
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Neurologia 1, A.O.U. Città Della Salute E Della Scienza, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriella Silvestri
- Dipartimento Di Neuroscienze, Sez. Neurologia, Facoltà Di Medicina E Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Neuroscienze, Organi Di Senso E Torace, UOC Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rossi
- Dipartimento Di Neuroscienze, Sez. Neurologia, Facoltà Di Medicina E Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Piemonte
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica D'Amico
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tessa
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Calambrone, Via Dei Giacinti 2, 56128, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Casali
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Latina, Italy
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Aureli M, Mauri L, Carsana EV, Dobi D, Breviario S, Lunghi G, Sonnino S. Gangliosides and Cell Surface Ganglioside Metabolic Enzymes in the Nervous System. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:305-332. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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3
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Ricca A, Cascino F, Gritti A. Isolation and Culture of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells from the Postnatal Periventricular Region. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2389:11-31. [PMID: 34557998 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1783-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to the complexity of the neural stem cell (NSC) niche organization, the lack of specific NSC markers, and the difficulty of long-term tracking these cells and their progeny in vivo, the functional properties of the endogenous NSCs remain largely unexplored. These limitations have led to the development of methodologies to efficiently isolate, expand, and differentiate NSCs ex vivo. We describe here the peculiarities of the neurosphere assay (NSA) as a methodology that allows to efficiently isolate, expand, and differentiate somatic NSCs derived from the postnatal and adult forebrain periventricular region while preserving proliferation, self-renewal, and multipotency, the main attributes that provide their functional identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ricca
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cascino
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Gritti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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4
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Loberto N, Mancini G, Bassi R, Carsana EV, Tamanini A, Pedemonte N, Dechecchi MC, Sonnino S, Aureli M. Sphingolipids and plasma membrane hydrolases in human primary bronchial cells during differentiation and their altered patterns in cystic fibrosis. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:623-633. [PMID: 32666337 PMCID: PMC7501107 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Human primary bronchial epithelial cells differentiated in vitro represent a valuable tool to study lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF), an inherited disorder caused by mutations in the gene coding for the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator. In CF, sphingolipids, a ubiquitous class of bioactive lipids mainly associated with the outer layer of the plasma membrane, seem to play a crucial role in the establishment of the severe lung complications. Nevertheless, no information on the involvement of sphingolipids and their metabolism in the differentiation of primary bronchial epithelial cells are available so far. Here we show that ceramide and globotriaosylceramide increased during cell differentiation, whereas glucosylceramide and gangliosides content decreased. In addition, we found that apical plasma membrane of differentiated bronchial cells is characterized by a higher content of sphingolipids in comparison to the other cell membranes and that activity of sphingolipids catabolic enzymes associated with this membrane results altered with respect to the total cell activities. In particular, the apical membrane of CF cells was characterized by high levels of ceramide and glucosylceramide, known to have proinflammatory activity. On this basis, our data further support the role of sphingolipids in the onset of CF lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Loberto
- Dip. Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, Milano, 20090, Italy
| | - Giulia Mancini
- Dip. Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, Milano, 20090, Italy
| | - Rosaria Bassi
- Dip. Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, Milano, 20090, Italy
| | - Emma Veronica Carsana
- Dip. Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, Milano, 20090, Italy
| | - Anna Tamanini
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, 37126, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Maria Cristina Dechecchi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Dip. Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, Milano, 20090, Italy
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Dip. Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, LITA, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, Milano, 20090, Italy.
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5
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Huebecker M, Moloney EB, van der Spoel AC, Priestman DA, Isacson O, Hallett PJ, Platt FM. Reduced sphingolipid hydrolase activities, substrate accumulation and ganglioside decline in Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:40. [PMID: 31703585 PMCID: PMC6842240 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haploinsufficiency in the Gaucher disease GBA gene, which encodes the lysosomal glucocerebrosidase GBA, and ageing represent major risk factors for developing Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recently, more than fifty other lysosomal storage disorder gene variants have been identified in PD, implicating lysosomal dysfunction more broadly as a key risk factor for PD. Despite the evidence of multiple lysosomal genetic risks, it remains unclear how sphingolipid hydrolase activities, other than GBA, are altered with ageing or in PD. Moreover, it is not fully known if levels of glycosphingolipid substrates for these enzymes change in vulnerable brain regions of PD. Finally, little is known about the levels of complex gangliosides in substantia nigra which may play a significant role in ageing and PD. Methods To study sphingolipid hydrolase activities and glycosphingolipid expression in ageing and in PD, two independent cohorts of human substantia nigra tissues were obtained. Fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone assays were used to determine multiple enzyme activities. The lysosomal GBA and non-lysosomal GBA2 activities were distinguished using the inhibitor NB-DGJ. Sensitive and quantitative normal-phase HPLC was performed to study glycosphingolipid levels. In addition, glycosphingolipid levels in cerebrospinal fluid and serum were analysed as possible biomarkers for PD. Results The present study demonstrates, in two independent cohorts of human post-mortem substantia nigra, that sporadic PD is associated with deficiencies in multiple lysosomal hydrolases (e.g. α-galactosidase and β-hexosaminidase), in addition to reduced GBA and GBA2 activities and concomitant glycosphingolipid substrate accumulation. Furthermore, the data show significant reductions in levels of complex gangliosides (e.g. GM1a) in substantia nigra, CSF and serum in ageing, PD, and REM sleep behaviour disorder, which is a strong predictor of PD. Conclusions These findings conclusively demonstrate reductions in GBA activity in the parkinsonian midbrain, and for the first time, reductions in the activity of several other sphingolipid hydrolases. Furthermore, significant reductions were seen in complex gangliosides in PD and ageing. The diminished activities of these lysosomal hydrolases, the glycosphingolipid substrate accumulation, and the reduced levels of complex gangliosides are likely major contributors to the primary development of the pathology seen in PD and related disorders with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylene Huebecker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Elizabeth B Moloney
- Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Aarnoud C van der Spoel
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David A Priestman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
| | - Penelope J Hallett
- Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
| | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
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Woeste MA, Stern S, Raju DN, Grahn E, Dittmann D, Gutbrod K, Dörmann P, Hansen JN, Schonauer S, Marx CE, Hamzeh H, Körschen HG, Aerts JMFG, Bönigk W, Endepols H, Sandhoff R, Geyer M, Berger TK, Bradke F, Wachten D. Species-specific differences in nonlysosomal glucosylceramidase GBA2 function underlie locomotor dysfunction arising from loss-of-function mutations. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3853-3871. [PMID: 30662006 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonlysosomal glucosylceramidase β2 (GBA2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucosylceramide to glucose and ceramide. Mutations in the human GBA2 gene have been associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), autosomal-recessive cerebellar ataxia (ARCA), and the Marinesco-Sjögren-like syndrome. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are ill-defined. Here, using biochemistry, immunohistochemistry, structural modeling, and mouse genetics, we demonstrate that all but one of the spastic gait locus #46 (SPG46)-connected mutations cause a loss of GBA2 activity. We demonstrate that GBA2 proteins form oligomeric complexes and that protein-protein interactions are perturbed by some of these mutations. To study the pathogenesis of GBA2-related HSP and ARCA in vivo, we investigated GBA2-KO mice as a mammalian model system. However, these mice exhibited a high phenotypic variance and did not fully resemble the human phenotype, suggesting that mouse and human GBA2 differ in function. Whereas some GBA2-KO mice displayed a strong locomotor defect, others displayed only mild alterations of the gait pattern and no signs of cerebellar defects. On a cellular level, inhibition of GBA2 activity in isolated cerebellar neurons dramatically affected F-actin dynamics and reduced neurite outgrowth, which has been associated with the development of neurological disorders. Our results shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of GBA2-related HSP and ARCA and reveal species-specific differences in GBA2 function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Woeste
- From the Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sina Stern
- the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Diana N Raju
- From the Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Elena Grahn
- the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Dittmann
- From the Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Gutbrod
- the Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- the Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan N Hansen
- From the Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sophie Schonauer
- the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Carina E Marx
- the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hussein Hamzeh
- the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Heinz G Körschen
- the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- the Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CD Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Bönigk
- the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Endepols
- the Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging (IREMB) and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Roger Sandhoff
- the Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,the Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Matthias Geyer
- the Institute of Structural Biology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas K Berger
- the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Bradke
- the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- From the Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany, .,the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (Caesar), 53175 Bonn, Germany
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7
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Samarani M, Loberto N, Soldà G, Straniero L, Asselta R, Duga S, Lunghi G, Zucca FA, Mauri L, Ciampa MG, Schiumarini D, Bassi R, Giussani P, Chiricozzi E, Prinetti A, Aureli M, Sonnino S. A lysosome-plasma membrane-sphingolipid axis linking lysosomal storage to cell growth arrest. FASEB J 2018; 32:5685-5702. [PMID: 29746165 PMCID: PMC6133699 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701512rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal accumulation of undegraded materials is a common feature of lysosomal storage diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and the aging process. To better understand the role of lysosomal storage in the onset of cell damage, we used human fibroblasts loaded with sucrose as a model of lysosomal accumulation. Sucrose-loaded fibroblasts displayed increased lysosomal biogenesis followed by arrested cell proliferation. Notably, we found that reduced lysosomal catabolism and autophagy impairment led to an increase in sphingolipids ( i.e., sphingomyelin, glucosylceramide, ceramide, and the gangliosides GM3 and GD3), at both intracellular and plasma membrane (PM) levels. In addition, we observed an increase in the lysosomal membrane protein Lamp-1 on the PM of sucrose-loaded fibroblasts and a greater release of the soluble lysosomal protein cathepsin D in their extracellular medium compared with controls. These results indicate increased fusion between lysosomes and the PM, as also suggested by the increased activity of lysosomal glycosphingolipid hydrolases on the PM of sucrose-loaded fibroblasts. The inhibition of β-glucocerebrosidase and nonlysosomal glucosylceramidase, both involved in ceramide production resulting from glycosphingolipid catabolism on the PM, partially restored cell proliferation. Our findings indicate the existence of a new molecular mechanism underlying cell damage triggered by lysosomal impairment.-Samarani, M., Loberto, N., Soldà, G., Straniero, L., Asselta, R., Duga, S., Lunghi, G., Zucca, F. A., Mauri, L., Ciampa, M. G., Schiumarini, D., Bassi, R., Giussani, P., Chiricozzi, E., Prinetti, A., Aureli, M., Sonnino, S. A lysosome-plasma membrane-sphingolipid axis linking lysosomal storage to cell growth arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Samarani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Loberto
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Soldà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Straniero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Lunghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio A. Zucca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Italy
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Ciampa
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Domitilla Schiumarini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosaria Bassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Giussani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Chiricozzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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8
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Loberto N, Lunghi G, Schiumarini D, Samarani M, Chiricozzi E, Aureli M. Methods for Assay of Ganglioside Catabolic Enzymes. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1804:383-400. [PMID: 29926419 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8552-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell plasma membrane gangliosides content and pattern is finely regulated by a complex metabolic machinery. Among different pathways, past and new evidence suggests an important role of the sphingolipid catabolic enzymes associated with both lysosomes and plasma membrane. Over the years, several cell-free and cell-based assays are developed in order to evaluate the activities both intracellularly and at the cell surface. Here, we propose a selection of the most efficient, sensitive, and specific assays that allow determining the activity of the main gangliosides-glycohydrolases such as sialidases, ß-hexosaminidases, ß-galactosidases, and ß-glucosidases in both cell/tissue lysates and directly in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Loberto
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Lunghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Domitilla Schiumarini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Samarani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Chiricozzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
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9
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Evidence for the Involvement of Lipid Rafts and Plasma Membrane Sphingolipid Hydrolases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection of Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:1730245. [PMID: 29333001 PMCID: PMC5733190 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1730245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal genetic recessive disease caused by mutations of gene encoding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Patients with CF display a wide spectrum of symptoms, the most severe being chronic lung infection and inflammation, which lead to onset of cystic fibrosis lung disease. Several studies indicate that sphingolipids play a regulatory role in airway inflammation. The inhibition and downregulation of GBA2, the enzyme catabolizing glucosylceramide to ceramide, are associated with a significant reduction of IL-8 production in CF bronchial epithelial cells. Herein, we demonstrate that GBA2 plays a role in the proinflammatory state characterizing CF cells. We also report for the first time that Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection causes a recruitment of plasma membrane-associated glycosphingolipid hydrolases into lipid rafts of CuFi-1-infected cells. This reorganization of cell membrane may be responsible for activation of a signaling cascade, culminating in aberrant inflammatory response in CF bronchial epithelial cells upon bacterial infection. Taken together, the presented data further support the role of sphingolipids and their metabolic enzymes in controlling the inflammatory response in CF.
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10
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Woeste MA, Wachten D. The Enigmatic Role of GBA2 in Controlling Locomotor Function. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:386. [PMID: 29234271 PMCID: PMC5712312 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase GBA2 catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucosylceramide to glucose and ceramide. Loss of GBA2 function results in accumulation of glucosylceramide. Mutations in the human GBA2 gene have been associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and autosomal-recessive cerebellar ataxia (ARCA). Patients suffering from these disorders exhibit impaired locomotion and neurological abnormalities. GBA2 mutations found in these patients have been proposed to impair GBA2 function. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the occurrence of mutations in the GBA2 gene and the development of locomotor dysfunction is not well-understood. In this review, we aim to summarize recent findings regarding mutations in the GBA2 gene and their impact on GBA2 function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Woeste
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Molecular Physiology, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research, Minerva Max Planck Research Group, Bonn, Germany
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11
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Sy LK, Lok CN, Wang JY, Liu Y, Cheng L, Wan PK, Leung CT, Cao B, Kwong WL, Chang RCC, Che CM. Identification of "sarsasapogenin-aglyconed" timosaponins as novel Aβ-lowering modulators of amyloid precursor protein processing. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3206-3214. [PMID: 29997812 PMCID: PMC6005341 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02377g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The “sarsasapogenin-aglyconed” timosaponins are Aβ lowering agents that may be useful for the development of Alzheimer’s disease therapeutics.
The inhibition of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide production is a key approach in the development of therapeutics for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have identified that timosaponins consisting of sarsasapogenin (SSG) as the aglycone can effectively lower the production of Aβ peptides and stimulate neurite outgrowth in neuronal cell cultures. Structure–activity relationship studies revealed that the cis-fused AB ring, 3β-configuration, spiroketal F-ring and 25S-configuration of SSG are the essential structural features responsible for the Aβ-lowering effects and neurite-stimulatory activity. New synthetic derivatives that retain the SSG scaffold also exhibited an Aβ lowering effect. Treatment of cells with timosaponins led to modulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing through the suppression of β-cleavage and preferential lowering of the production of the 42-amino acid Aβ species (Aβ42) without affecting another γ-secretase substrate. The SSG and “SSG-aglyconed” timosaponins also penetrated brain tissue and lowered brain Aβ42 levels in mice. Our studies demonstrate that timosaponins represent a unique class of steroidal saponins that may be useful for the development of AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-King Sy
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Chemical Biology Centre , 8/F., The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5, Sassoon Road, Pokfulam , Hong Kong , China . ; ; Tel: +852-28592154
| | - Chun-Nam Lok
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Chemical Biology Centre , 8/F., The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5, Sassoon Road, Pokfulam , Hong Kong , China . ; ; Tel: +852-28592154
| | - Juan-Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Chemical Biology Centre , 8/F., The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5, Sassoon Road, Pokfulam , Hong Kong , China . ; ; Tel: +852-28592154
| | - Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Chemical Biology Centre , 8/F., The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5, Sassoon Road, Pokfulam , Hong Kong , China . ; ; Tel: +852-28592154
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Chemical Biology Centre , 8/F., The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5, Sassoon Road, Pokfulam , Hong Kong , China . ; ; Tel: +852-28592154
| | - Pui-Ki Wan
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Chemical Biology Centre , 8/F., The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5, Sassoon Road, Pokfulam , Hong Kong , China . ; ; Tel: +852-28592154
| | - Chi-Ting Leung
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Chemical Biology Centre , 8/F., The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5, Sassoon Road, Pokfulam , Hong Kong , China . ; ; Tel: +852-28592154
| | - Bei Cao
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Chemical Biology Centre , 8/F., The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5, Sassoon Road, Pokfulam , Hong Kong , China . ; ; Tel: +852-28592154
| | - Wai-Lun Kwong
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Chemical Biology Centre , 8/F., The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5, Sassoon Road, Pokfulam , Hong Kong , China . ; ; Tel: +852-28592154
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory , School of Biomedical Sciences , LKS Faculty of Medicine , Research Centre of Heart, Brain and Hormone, and Healthy Aging , LKS Faculty of Medicine , State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Chemical Biology Centre , 8/F., The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5, Sassoon Road, Pokfulam , Hong Kong , China . ; ; Tel: +852-28592154
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Ong WY, Herr DR, Farooqui T, Ling EA, Farooqui AA. Role of sphingomyelinases in neurological disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1725-42. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1071794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Gangliosides and Cell Surface Ganglioside Glycohydrolases in the Nervous System. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 9:223-44. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1154-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Sonnino S, Aureli M, Grassi S, Mauri L, Prioni S, Prinetti A. Lipid Rafts in Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 50:130-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Aureli M, Samarani M, Loberto N, Bassi R, Murdica V, Prioni S, Prinetti A, Sonnino S. The Glycosphingolipid Hydrolases in the Central Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 50:76-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Magini A, Polchi A, Urbanelli L, Cesselli D, Beltrami A, Tancini B, Emiliani C. TFEB activation promotes the recruitment of lysosomal glycohydrolases β-hexosaminidase and β-galactosidase to the plasma membrane. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 440:251-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hammer M, Eleuch-Fayache G, Schottlaender L, Nehdi H, Gibbs J, Arepalli S, Chong S, Hernandez D, Sailer A, Liu G, Mistry P, Cai H, Shrader G, Sassi C, Bouhlal Y, Houlden H, Hentati F, Amouri R, Singleton A. Mutations in GBA2 cause autosomal-recessive cerebellar ataxia with spasticity. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 92:245-51. [PMID: 23332917 PMCID: PMC3567281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal-recessive cerebellar ataxia (ARCA) comprises a large and heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders with more than 20 different forms currently recognized, many of which are also associated with increased tone and some of which have limb spasticity. Gaucher disease is a lysosomal storage disease resulting from a defect in the enzyme acid β-glucosidase 1. β-glucosidase 2 is an enzyme with similar glucosylceramidase activity but to date has not been associated with a monogenic disorder. We studied four unrelated consanguineous families of Tunisian decent diagnosed with cerebellar ataxia of unknown origin. We performed homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing in an attempt to identify the genetic origin of their disorder. We were able to identify mutations responsible for autosomal-recessive ataxia in these families within the gene encoding β-glucosidase 2, GBA2. Two nonsense mutations (c.363C>A [p.Tyr121(∗)] and c.1018C>T [p.Arg340(∗)]) and a substitution (c.2618G>A [p.Arg873His]) were identified, probably resulting in nonfunctional enzyme. This study suggests GBA2 mutations are a cause of recessive spastic ataxia and responsible for a form of glucosylceramide storage disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia B. Hammer
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Neuropathology, National Institute of Neurology, La Rabta, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Ghada Eleuch-Fayache
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Neuropathology, National Institute of Neurology, La Rabta, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Lucia V. Schottlaender
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and The MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Houda Nehdi
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Neuropathology, National Institute of Neurology, La Rabta, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - J. Raphael Gibbs
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Reta Lila Weston Laboratories and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Sampath K. Arepalli
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sean B. Chong
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dena G. Hernandez
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Reta Lila Weston Laboratories and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Anna Sailer
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and The MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pramod K. Mistry
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ginamarie Shrader
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Celeste Sassi
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Reta Lila Weston Laboratories and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Yosr Bouhlal
- Institute of Human Genetics, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0793, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and The MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Fayçal Hentati
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Neuropathology, National Institute of Neurology, La Rabta, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Rim Amouri
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Neuropathology, National Institute of Neurology, La Rabta, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Andrew B. Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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