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Wang CY, Ye YS, Long WH, Li ZL, Zheng H, Lin XR, Zhou W, Tang DH. RNA sequencing and proteomic profiling reveal alterations by MPTP in chronic stomach mucosal injury in tree shrew Chinese (Tupaia belangeri chinensis). Sci Rep 2024; 14:74. [PMID: 38168759 PMCID: PMC10761816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a neurotoxin that can cause gastrointestinal ulcers by affecting dopamine levels. Therefore, MPTP has been considered a toxic substance that causes gastric ulcer disease in experimental animals. In this study, tree shrews were used as the animal model of gastric mucosa injury, and MPTP was intraperitoneally injected at a lower MPTP dosage 2 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks, while tree shrews were not injected as the control group. Under the light microscope, local congestion or diffuse bleeding points of gastric mucosa and multiple redness and swelling bleeding symptoms on the inner wall were observed in the treatment group, as well as immune cell infiltration was found in HE staining, but no such phenomenon was observed in the control group. In order to explore the molecular basis of changes in MPTP induced gastric mucosa injury, the transcriptome and proteome data of gastric mucosa were analyzed. We observed significant differences in mRNA and protein expression levels under the influence of MPTP. The changes in mRNA and proteins are related to increased immune infiltration, cellular processes and angiogenesis. More differentially expressed genes play a role in immune function, especially the candidate genes RPL4 and ANXA1 with significant signal and core role. There are also differentially expressed genes that play a role in mucosal injury and shedding, especially candidate genes GAST and DDC with certain signaling and corresponding functions. Understanding the factors and molecular basis that affect the expression of related genes is crucial for coping with Emotionality gastric mucosa injury disease and developing new treatment methods to establish the ability to resist disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yun Wang
- Medical Primate Research Center of China, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - You-Song Ye
- Medical Primate Research Center of China, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Wei-Hu Long
- Medical Primate Research Center of China, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Zhe-Li Li
- Medical Primate Research Center of China, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Rui Lin
- Medical Primate Research Center of China, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Medical Primate Research Center of China, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Dong-Hong Tang
- Medical Primate Research Center of China, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, China.
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Ouyang Y, Zhang Y, Guo X, Li J, Ao Q, Guo S, Zhang M, Sun J. An analysis of neurovascular disease markers in the hippocampus of Tupaia chinensis at different growth stages. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1083182. [PMID: 36733450 PMCID: PMC9888410 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1083182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is considered that Tupaia chinensis can replace laboratory primates in the study of nervous system diseases. To date, however, protein expression in the brain of Tupaia chinensis has not been fully understood. Method Three age groups of T. chinensis-15 days, 3 months and 1.5 years-were selected to study their hippocampal protein expression profiles. Results A significant difference was observed between the 15-day group and the other two age groups, where as there were no significant differences between the 3-month and 1.5-year age groups. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis found that differentially expressed proteins could be enriched in several pathways related to neurovascular diseases, such as metabolic pathways for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other diseases. The KEGG enrichment also showed that relevant protein involved in oxidative phosphorylation in the hippocampus of T. chinensis for 15days were downregulated, and ribosomal proteins (RPs) were upregulated, compared to those in the hippocampus of the other two age groups. Discussion It was suggested that when the hippocampus of T. chinensis developed from day 15 to 3 months, the expression of oxidatively phosphorylated proteins and RPs would vary over time. Meanwhile, the hippocamppal protein expression profile of T. chinensis after 3 months had become stable. Moreover, the study underlines that, during the early development of the hippocampus of T. chinensis, energy demand increases while protein synthesis decreases. The mitochondria of T. chinensis changes with age, and the oxidative phosphorylation metabolic pathway of mitochondria is closely related to neurovascular diseases, such as stroke and cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Ouyang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Health and Regimen School, Guangxi Vocational and Technical College, School of Food and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qingqing Ao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Songchao Guo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Mingyuan Zhang ✉
| | - Junming Sun
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Junming Sun ✉
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Ni RJ, Shu YM, Li T, Zhou JN. Whole-Brain Afferent Inputs to the Caudate Nucleus, Putamen, and Accumbens Nucleus in the Tree Shrew Striatum. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:763298. [PMID: 34795566 PMCID: PMC8593333 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.763298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Day-active tree shrews have a well-developed internal capsule (ic) that clearly separates the caudate nucleus (Cd) and putamen (Pu). The striatum consists of the Cd, ic, Pu, and accumbens nucleus (Acb). Here, we characterized the cytoarchitecture of the striatum and the whole-brain inputs to the Cd, Pu, and Acb in tree shrews by using immunohistochemistry and the retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold (FG). Our data show the distribution patterns of parvalbumin (PV), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), calretinin (CR), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in the striatum of tree shrews, which were different from those observed in rats. The Cd and Pu mainly received inputs from the thalamus, motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, and other cortical and subcortical regions, whereas the Acb primarily received inputs from the anterior olfactory nucleus, claustrum, infralimbic cortex, thalamus, raphe nucleus, parabrachial nucleus, ventral tegmental area, and so on. The Cd, Pu, and Acb received inputs from different neuronal populations in the ipsilateral (60, 67, and 63 brain regions, respectively) and contralateral (23, 20, and 36 brain regions, respectively) brain hemispheres. Overall, we demonstrate that there are species differences between tree shrews and rats in the density of PV, NOS, CR, and TH immunoreactivity in the striatum. Additionally, we mapped for the first time the distribution of whole-brain input neurons projecting to the striatum of tree shrews with FG injected into the Cd, Pu, and Acb. The similarities and differences in their brain-wide input patterns may provide new insights into the diverse functions of the striatal subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jun Ni
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Mian Shu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Lu C, Li M, Sun X, Li N, Wang W, Tong P, Dai J. Comparing the hippocampal miRNA expression profiles of wild and domesticated Chinese tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis). BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:12. [PMID: 33514308 PMCID: PMC7853310 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01740-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The domestication of tree shrews represents an important advance in the development of standardized laboratory animals. Little is known regarding the miRNA changes that accompany the transformation of wild tree shrews into domestic tree shrews. Results By performing miRNA-seq analysis on wild and domestic tree shrews, we identified 2410 miRNAs and 30 differentially expressed miRNAs in the hippocampus during tree shrew domestication. A KEGG analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs were associated with ECM-receptor interaction, the phosphatidylinositol signaling system, protein digestion and absorption, inositol phosphate metabolism, lysine degradation, fatty acid degradation and focal adhesion. Most of these pathways could be classified under environmental information processing, organismal systems and metabolism. The miRNAs exclusively expressed in wild and tame tree shrews GO enriched in terms of divergent functions. The miRNA-mRNA networks suggested that novel-m1388-5p and novel-m0746-5p might play regulatory roles in domestication of tree shrews. Real–time RT-PCR analysis was employed to verify the presence of these miRNAs. Conclusion We identified a number of candidate miRNA-regulated domestication genes that may represent targets for selection during the domestication of tree shrews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Lu
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China. .,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development On Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.
| | - Mingxue Li
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development On Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Na Li
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development On Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development On Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Pinfen Tong
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development On Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Jiejie Dai
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China. .,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development On Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.
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Huang J, Yang G, Li Z, Leung CK, Wang W, Li Y, Liu L, Shen B, He C, He Y, Zeng X, Li J. Involvement of dopamine D3 receptor and dopamine transporter in methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization in tree shrews. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01533. [PMID: 31943832 PMCID: PMC7010569 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to establish a methamphetamine (METH)-induced behavioral sensitization model using tree shrews, as well as to measure the protein expression of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) and dopamine transporter (DAT). METHODS Forty tree shrews were equally and randomly divided into four experimental groups: those administered with 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg METH and a control group (treated with an equal amount of normal saline). Each experimental group was repeatedly exposed to METH for nine consecutive days to induce the development of behavioral sensitization, followed by four days of withdrawal (without the METH treatment) to induce the transfer of behavioral sensitization, then given 0.5 mg/kg of METH to undergo the expression of behavioral sensitization. Altered locomotor and stereotypic behaviors were measured daily via open-field experiments during the development and expression stages, and weight changes were also recorded. Then, the Western blot method was used to detect the expression levels of D3R and DAT in three brain regions: the nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, and dorsal striatum 24 hr after the last behavioral test. RESULTS METH administration augmented motor-stimulant responses and stereotypic behaviors in all experimental groups, and stereotypic behaviors intensified more in the groups treated with 2 and 4 mg/kg METH. Motion distance, speed, and trajectory were significantly elevated in all experimental, however, METH at 4 mg/kg induced more stereotypic behaviors, decreasing these locomotor activities as compared with the 2 mg/kg METH group. 2 and 4 mg/kg METH significantly upregulated and downregulated D3R and DAT expression levels, respectively, in three brain regions, and these changes are more pronounced in 2 mg/kg METH. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that this animal model may be used to study the neurobiological mechanisms that underly the development and expression of behavioral sensitization to METH. Deregulated D3R and DAT expression may be involved in the METH-induced behavioral sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Genmeng Yang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chi-Kwan Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Innovation Team of Standardization and Application Research in Tree Shrew, the Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Liu Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Baoyu Shen
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cuihua He
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongwang He
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Huang ZH, Ni RJ, Luo PH, Zhou JN. Distribution of tyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus of tree shrews. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:935-952. [PMID: 31674014 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) is the closest living relative of primates. Yet, little is known about the anatomical distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive (ir) structures in the hypothalamus of the tree shrew. Here, we provide the first detailed description of the distribution of TH-ir neurons in the hypothalamus of tree shrews via immunohistochemical techniques. TH-ir neurons were widely distributed throughout the hypothalamus of tree shrew. The majority of hypothalamic TH-ir neurons were found in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON), as was also observed in the human hypothalamus. In contrast, rare TH-ir neurons were localized in the PVN and SON of rats. Vasopressin (AVP) colocalized with TH-ir neurons in the PVN and SON in a large number of neurons, but oxytocin and corticotropin-releasing hormone did not colocalize with TH. In addition, colocalization of TH with AVP was also observed in the other hypothalamic regions. Moreover, TH-ir neurons in the PVN and SON of tree shrews expressed other dopaminergic markers (aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase and vesicular monoamine transporter, Type 2), further supporting that TH-ir neurons in the PVN and SON were catecholaminergic. These findings provide a detailed description of TH-ir neurons in the hypothalamus of tree shrews and demonstrate species differences in the distribution of this enzyme, providing a neurobiological basis for the participation of TH-ir neurons in the regulation of various hypothalamic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Huan Huang
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Jun Ni
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Hao Luo
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Ning Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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Wu ZC, Gao JH, Du TF, Tang DH, Chen NH, Yuan YH, Ma KL. Alpha-synuclein is highly prone to distribution in the hippocampus and midbrain in tree shrews, and its fibrils seed Lewy body-like pathology in primary neurons. Exp Gerontol 2018; 116:37-45. [PMID: 30553024 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese tree shrew (TS) has many unique advantages that make it suitable for use as an experimental animal model for human disease including moderate body size, low cost of feeding, short reproductive cycle and lifespan, and close phylogenetic relationship to primates. Our previous studies have shown that TS treated with the mitochondrial inhibitor MPTP displayed classic Parkinsonian symptoms. Additionally, the structure of TS alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is highly homologous to that found in humans. Previous studies have concluded that misfolded, fibrillar α-syn is a hallmark of α-synucleinopathies. In this study, we examined the distribution and expression levels of α-syn in different TS brain regions. We also obtained recombinant TS α-syn protein to study its aggregation and cytotoxic properties in primary neurons. Our results showed that α-syn was expressed in numerous different brain regions in TS but was most abundant in the hippocampus and midbrain. The recombinant α-syn of TS displayed straight fibrils when incubated for 72 h in vitro, which is very similar to human α-syn. When exposed to primary neurons, the TS and human α-syn fibrils led to cytotoxicity and Lewy-like pathology. Our findings indicated that TS could be a potential animal model to study the pathology of α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Cun Wu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, China; Medical Primate Research Center & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Jia-Hong Gao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, China; Medical Primate Research Center & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Ting-Fu Du
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, China; Medical Primate Research Center & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Dong-Hong Tang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medic, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu-He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medic, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kai-Li Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming 650118, China; Medical Primate Research Center & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China.
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8
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Li J, Wang W, Tong P, Leung CK, Yang G, Li Z, Li N, Sun X, Han Y, Lu C, Kuang D, Dai J, Zeng X. Autophagy Induction by HIV-Tat and Methamphetamine in Primary Midbrain Neuronal Cells of Tree Shrews via the mTOR Signaling and ATG5/ATG7 Pathway. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:921. [PMID: 30574066 PMCID: PMC6291520 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Addictive stimulant drugs, such as methamphetamine (METH), increase the risk of exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection and thus predispose individuals to the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs). Previous studies have indicated that HIV-Tat (the transactivator of transcription) and METH can synergistically induce autophagy in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and that autophagy plays a pivotal role in the neuronal dysfunction in HANDs. However, the underlying mechanism of METH-and HIV-Tat-induced neuronal autophagy remains unclear. Methods: We cultured primary midbrain neuronal cells of tree shrews and treated them with METH and HIV-Tat to study the role of METH and HIV-Tat in inducing autophagy. We evaluated the effects of the single or combined treatment of METH and HIV-Tat on the protein expressions of the autophagy-related genes, including Beclin-1 and LC3B, ATG5, and ATG7 in METH and HIV-Tat-induced autophagy. In addition, the presence of autophagosomes in the METH and/or HIV-Tat treatment was revealed using transmission electron microscopy. Results: The results indicated that METH increased the protein levels of LC3B and Beclin-1, and these effects were significantly enhanced by HIV-Tat. Moreover, the results suggested that ATG5 and ATG7 were involved in the METH and HIV-Tat-induced autophagy. In addition, it was found that mTOR inhibition via pharmacological intervention could trigger autophagy and promote METH and HIV-Tat-induced autophagy. Discussion: Overall, this study contributes to the knowledge of the molecular underpinnings of METH and HIV-Tat-induced autophagy in primary midbrain neuronal cells. Our findings may facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for METH-and HIV-Tat-induced autophagy in HANDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Pinfen Tong
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Chi-Kwan Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Chinese University of Hong Kong - Shandong University (CUHK-SDU) Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Genmeng Yang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Na Li
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Caixia Lu
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Dexuan Kuang
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jiejie Dai
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, The Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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9
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Luo Q, Li Y, Luo L, Diao W. Comparisons of the accuracy of radiation diagnostic modalities in brain tumor: A nonrandomized, nonexperimental, cross-sectional trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11256. [PMID: 30075495 PMCID: PMC6081153 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor morphology improved sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity of the diagnosis, but all diagnostic techniques have attenuation correction issues.To compare computed tomographic (CT), positron emission tomographic (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of patients with brain tumor in a Chinese setting.A nonrandomized, nonexperimental, cross-sectional trial.Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, China.In total, 127 patients who had clinically confirmed a brain tumor were included in the cross-sectional study. Patients were subjected to brain CT, MRI, and PET. The tumors resected after brain surgery were subjected to morphological diagnosis. Statistical analysis of data of surgically removed tumor and that of different methods of diagnosis was performed using Wilcoxon test following Tukey-Kramer test. Spearmen correlation was performed between diagnostic modalities and in vivo morphology. Results were considered significant at 99% of confidence level.The data of diameter and volume of tumor derived from CT (Spearman r = 0.9845 and 0.9706), and MRI (Spearman r = 0.955 and 0.2378) were failed to correlate with that of that of the surgically removed tumor. However, prediction of diameter and volume of the tumor by PET (Spearman r = 0.9922 and 0.9921) were correlated with that of the surgically removed tumor. CT and MRI were failed to quantified pituitary adenomas.The study was recommended PET for assessment of brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lan Luo
- Department of Gynecology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
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10
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Atlas of the Striatum and Globus Pallidus in the Tree Shrew: Comparison with Rat and Mouse. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:405-418. [PMID: 29508249 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The striatum and globus pallidus are principal nuclei of the basal ganglia. Nissl- and acetylcholinesterase-stained sections of the tree shrew brain showed the neuroanatomical features of the caudate nucleus (Cd), internal capsule (ic), putamen (Pu), accumbens, internal globus pallidus, and external globus pallidus. The ic separated the dorsal striatum into the Cd and Pu in the tree shrew, but not in rats and mice. In addition, computer-based 3D images allowed a better understanding of the position and orientation of these structures. These data provided a large-scale atlas of the striatum and globus pallidus in the coronal, sagittal, and horizontal planes, the first detailed distribution of parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells in the tree shrew, and the differences in morphological characteristics and density of parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons between tree shrew and rat. Our findings support the tree shrew as a potential model for human striatal disorders.
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Super-Resolution Track-Density Imaging Reveals Fine Anatomical Features in Tree Shrew Primary Visual Cortex and Hippocampus. Neurosci Bull 2017; 34:438-448. [PMID: 29247318 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is widely used to study white and gray matter (GM) micro-organization and structural connectivity in the brain. Super-resolution track-density imaging (TDI) is an image reconstruction method for dMRI data, which is capable of providing spatial resolution beyond the acquired data, as well as novel and meaningful anatomical contrast that cannot be obtained with conventional reconstruction methods. TDI has been used to reveal anatomical features in human and animal brains. In this study, we used short track TDI (stTDI), a variation of TDI with enhanced contrast for GM structures, to reconstruct direction-encoded color maps of fixed tree shrew brain. The results were compared with those obtained with the traditional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) method. We demonstrated that fine microstructures in the tree shrew brain, such as Baillarger bands in the primary visual cortex and the longitudinal component of the mossy fibers within the hippocampal CA3 subfield, were observable with stTDI, but not with DTI reconstructions from the same dMRI data. The possible mechanisms underlying the enhanced GM contrast are discussed.
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Huang Q, Nie B, Ma C, Wang J, Zhang T, Duan S, Wu S, Liang S, Li P, Liu H, Sun H, Zhou J, Xu L, Shan B. Stereotaxic 18F-FDG PET and MRI templates with three-dimensional digital atlas for statistical parametric mapping analysis of tree shrew brain. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 293:105-116. [PMID: 28917660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tree shrews are proposed as an alternative animal model to nonhuman primates due to their close affinity to primates. Neuroimaging techniques are widely used to study brain functions and structures of humans and animals. However, tree shrews are rarely applied in neuroimaging field partly due to the lack of available species specific analysis methods. NEW METHOD In this study, 10 PET/CT and 10 MRI images of tree shrew brain were used to construct PET and MRI templates; based on histological atlas we reconstructed a three-dimensional digital atlas with 628 structures delineated; then the digital atlas and templates were aligned into a stereotaxic space. Finally, we integrated the digital atlas and templates into a toolbox for tree shrew brain spatial normalization, statistical analysis and results localization. RESULTS We validated the feasibility of the toolbox by simulated data with lesions in laterodorsal thalamic nucleus (LD). The lesion volumes of simulated PET and MRI images were (12.97±3.91)mm3 and (7.04±0.84)mm3. Statistical results at p<0.005 showed the lesion volumes of PET and MRI were 13.18mm3 and 8.06mm3 in LD. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) To our knowledge, we report the first PET template and digital atlas of tree shrew brain. Compared to the existing MRI templates, our MRI template was aligned into stereotaxic space. And the toolbox is the first software dedicated for tree shrew brain analysis. CONCLUSIONS The templates and digital atlas of tree shrew brain, as well as the toolbox, facilitate the use of tree shrews in neuroimaging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Binbin Nie
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, and Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaofeng Duan
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Beijing 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shang Wu
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Beijing 100049, China; Physical Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shengxiang Liang
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Beijing 100049, China; Physical Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Panlong Li
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Beijing 100049, China; Physical Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hua Sun
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The PET/CT Center of Yunnan Tumor Hospital, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Jiangning Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, and Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; KIZ-SU Joint Laboratory of Animal Model and Drug Development, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; CAS Centre for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligent Technology, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Baoci Shan
- Division of Nuclear Technology and Applications, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Centre for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligent Technology, Shanghai 200031, China.
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A diffusion tensor imaging atlas of white matter in tree shrew. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:1733-1751. [PMID: 27624528 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tree shrews are small mammals now commonly classified in the order of Scandentia, but have relatively closer affinity to primates than rodents. The species has a high brain-to-body mass ratio and relatively well-differentiated neocortex, and thus has been frequently used in neuroscience research, especially for studies on vision and neurological/psychiatric diseases. The available atlases on tree shrew brain provided only limited information on white matter (WM) anatomy. In this study, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to study the WM anatomy of tree shrew, with the goal to establish an image-based WM atlas. DTI and T2-weighted anatomical images were acquired in vivo and from fixed brain samples. Deterministic tractography was used for three-dimensional reconstruction and rendering of major WM tracts. Myelin and neurofilaments staining were used to study the microstructural properties of certain WM tracts. Taking into account prior knowledge on tree shrew neuroanatomy, tractography results, and comparisons to the homologous structures in rodents and primates, an image-based WM atlas of tree shrew brain was constructed, which is available to research community upon request.
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Antioxidant-Rich Fraction of Urtica dioica Mediated Rescue of Striatal Mito-Oxidative Damage in MPTP-Induced Behavioral, Cellular, and Neurochemical Alterations in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5632-5645. [PMID: 27624385 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) having a complex and multi-factorial neuropathology includes mainly the degeneration of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway, which is a cumulative effect of depleted endogenous antioxidant enzymes, increased oxidative DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation. The present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of a potent antioxidant from Urtica dioica in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of parkinsonism. MPTP was administered intranigrally for the induction of PD in male Wistar rats. Behavioral alterations were assessed in between the study period. Animals were sacrificed immediately after behavioral session, and different biochemical, cellular, and neurochemical parameters were measured. Intranigrally repeated administration of MPTP showed significant impairment of motor co-ordination and marked increase of mito-oxidative damage and neuroinflammation in rats. Intranigral MPTP significantly decreases the dopamine and its metabolites with impairment of dopaminergic cell density in rat brain. However, post-treatment with the potent antioxidant fraction of Urtica dioica Linn. (UD) (20, 40, 80 mg/kg) improved the motor function, mito-oxidative defense alteration significantly and dose dependently in MPTP-treated rats. In addition, the potent antioxidant fraction of UD attenuated the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-β) and restored the level of dopamine and its metabolites in MPTP-induced PD in rats. Moreover, minocycline (30 mg/kg) with lower dose of UD (20 mg/kg) had significantly potentiated the protective effect of minocycline as compared to its effect with other individual drug-treated groups. In conclusion, Urtica dioica protected the dopaminergic neurons probably by reducing mito-oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, and cellular alteration along with enhanced neurotrophic potential. The above results revealed that the antioxidant rich fraction of UD contain flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which have a promising approach in therapeutics of PD.
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Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection of Tree Shrews Differs from That of Mice in the Severity of Acute Infection and Viral Transcription in the Peripheral Nervous System. J Virol 2015; 90:790-804. [PMID: 26512084 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02258-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Studies of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections of humans are limited by the use of rodent models such as mice, rabbits, and guinea pigs. Tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) are small mammals indigenous to southwest Asia. At behavioral, anatomical, genomic, and evolutionary levels, tree shrews are much closer to primates than rodents are, and tree shrews are susceptible to HSV infection. Thus, we have studied herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection in the tree shrew trigeminal ganglion (TG) following ocular inoculation. In situ hybridization, PCR, and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses confirm that HSV-1 latently infects neurons of the TG. When explant cocultivation of trigeminal ganglia was performed, the virus was recovered after 5 days of cocultivation with high efficiency. Swabbing the corneas of latently infected tree shrews revealed that tree shrews shed virus spontaneously at low frequencies. However, tree shrews differ significantly from mice in the expression of key HSV-1 genes, including ICP0, ICP4, and latency-associated transcript (LAT). In acutely infected tree shrew TGs, no level of ICP4 was observed, suggesting the absence of infection or a very weak, acute infection compared to that of the mouse. Immunofluorescence staining with ICP4 monoclonal antibody, and immunohistochemistry detection by HSV-1 polyclonal antibodies, showed a lack of viral proteins in tree shrew TGs during both acute and latent phases of infection. Cultivation of supernatant from homogenized, acutely infected TGs with RS1 cells also exhibited an absence of infectious HSV-1 from tree shrew TGs. We conclude that the tree shrew has an undetectable, or a much weaker, acute infection in the TGs. Interestingly, compared to mice, tree shrew TGs express high levels of ICP0 transcript in addition to LAT during latency. However, the ICP0 transcript remained nuclear, and no ICP0 protein could be seen during the course of mouse and tree shrew TG infections. Taken together, these observations suggest that the tree shrew TG infection differs significantly from the existing rodent models. IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) establish lifelong infection in more than 80% of the human population, and their reactivation leads to oral and genital herpes. Currently, rodent models are the preferred models for latency studies. Rodents are distant from primates and may not fully represent human latency. The tree shrew is a small mammal, a prosimian primate, indigenous to southwest Asia. In an attempt to further develop the tree shrew as a useful model to study herpesvirus infection, we studied the establishment of latency and reactivation of HSV-1 in tree shrews following ocular inoculation. We found that the latent virus, which resides in the sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion, could be stress reactivated to produce infectious virus, following explant cocultivation and that spontaneous reactivation could be detected by cell culture of tears. Interestingly, the tree shrew model is quite different from the mouse model of HSV infection, in that the virus exhibited only a mild acute infection following inoculation with no detectable infectious virus from the sensory neurons. The mild infection may be more similar to human infection in that the sensory neurons continue to function after herpes reactivation and the affected skin tissue does not lose sensation. Our findings suggest that the tree shrew is a viable model to study HSV latency.
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Huang ZQ, Sun XM, Dai JJ, Gu ML, Ye YS, Yao YF, Jiang RJ, Ma KL. Sequence diversity of the MHC Ⅱ DRB gene in Chinese tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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