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Diwan R, Bhatt HN, Dong R, Estevao IL, Varela-Ramirez A, Nurunnabi M. Cell selective BCL-2 inhibition enabled by lipid nanoparticles alleviates lung fibrosis. J Control Release 2024; 370:421-437. [PMID: 38701884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating lung disease with a high mortality rate due to limited treatment options. Current therapies cannot effectively reverse the damage caused by IPF. Research suggests that promoting programmed cell death (apoptosis) in myofibroblasts, the key cells driving fibrosis, could be a promising strategy. However, inducing apoptosis in healthy cells like epithelial and endothelial cells can cause unwanted side effects. This project addresses this challenge by developing a targeted approach to induce apoptosis specifically in myofibroblasts. We designed liposomes (LPS) decorated with peptides that recognize VCAM-1, a protein highly expressed on myofibroblasts in fibrotic lungs. These VCAM1-targeted LPS encapsulate Venetoclax (VNT), a small molecule drug that inhibits BCL-2, an anti-apoptotic protein. By delivering VNT directly to myofibroblasts, we hypothesize that VCAM1-VNT-LPS can selectively induce apoptosis in these cells, leading to reduced fibrosis and improved lung function. We successfully characterized VCAM1-VNT-LPS for size, surface charge, and drug loading efficiency. Additionally, we evaluated their stability over three months at different temperatures. In vitro and in vivo studies using a bleomycin-induced mouse model of lung fibrosis demonstrated the therapeutic potential of VCAM1-VNT-LPS. These studies showed a reduction in fibrosis-associated proteins (collagen, α-SMA, VCAM1) and BCL-2, while simultaneously increasing apoptosis in myofibroblasts. These findings suggest that VCAM1-targeted delivery of BCL-2 inhibitors using liposomes presents a promising and potentially selective therapeutic approach for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimpy Diwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Himanshu N Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Igor L Estevao
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States; The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
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Li J, Xie F, Ma X. Advances in nanomedicines: a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic cerebral stroke treatment. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:811-835. [PMID: 38445614 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, prevalent among the elderly, necessitates attention to reperfusion injury post treatment. Limited drug access to the brain, owing to the blood-brain barrier, restricts clinical applications. Identifying efficient drug carriers capable of penetrating this barrier is crucial. Blood-brain barrier transporters play a vital role in nutrient transport to the brain. Recently, nanoparticles emerged as drug carriers, enhancing drug permeability via surface-modified ligands. This article introduces the blood-brain barrier structure, elucidates reperfusion injury pathogenesis, compiles ischemic stroke treatment drugs, explores nanomaterials for drug encapsulation and emphasizes their advantages over conventional drugs. Utilizing nanoparticles as drug-delivery systems offers targeting and efficiency benefits absent in traditional drugs. The prospects for nanomedicine in stroke treatment are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Faculty of Environment & Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Fei Xie
- Faculty of Environment & Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Xuemei Ma
- Faculty of Environment & Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
- Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing, 100124, PR China
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3
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Wu G, Ren Z, Hao Q, Wong Y, Zha D, Cao X, Liu R. The mechanism of Zhenzhu Pills treating intracerebral hemorrhage secondary injury based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36837. [PMID: 38363944 PMCID: PMC10869077 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) secondary injury is serious and affects patient's prognosis. The Zhenzhu Pills used to treat subacute ICH in Tibet has shown to have a certain curative effect. Network pharmacology and molecular docking technology are employed to explore the potential mechanism of Zhenzhu Pills. The components and potential targets of Zhenzhu Pills were screened from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database. The Gene Expression Omnibus Series 24265 was used to screen differentially expressed genes between perihematomal tissue and normal brain. METHODS The herbs-components-targets network was established, with weighted eigenvalue to identify the core components and targets of Zhenzhu Pills treatment of ICH secondary injury. Targets' bioinformatics enrichment was proceeded by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway analysis. Finally, molecular docking was used to identify the hydrogen bonding activity between the key components and action targets. RESULTS Five herbal drugs were screened from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database, with a total of 48 components and 234 targets. The Gene Expression Omnibus Series 24265 dataset was evaluated and 920 differentially expressed genes were identified. A total of 29 intersection targets of Zhenzhu Pills were explored in the treatment of ICH secondary injury. Drugs-components-targets network analysis showed that the pivotal targets were prostaglandin G/H synthase 2, interleukin 6, heme oxygenase-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and the core components were quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that biological processes such as cell chemotaxis, wound healing, leukocyte migration, and regulation of body fluid levels played an important role in the secondary injury of ICH. The results of KEGG pathway analysis were mainly related to advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products signal pathway and tumor necrosis factor signal pathway. Molecular docking of 3 flavonoids with 5 core targets with the results also showed active hydrogen bonding. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the potential mechanisms of Zhenzhu Pills in the treatment of secondary injuries resulting from ICH and highlights specific components, targets, and molecular pathways involved in this therapeutic effect. These possible therapeutic mechanisms include inhibiting inflammation, edema, oxidative stress, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zeng Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Qingpei Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wong
- Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Duo Zha
- Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Ruen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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4
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Zheng S, Zhang Y, Hou Y, Li H, He J, Zhao H, Sun X, Liu Y. Underlying Molecular Mechanism and Construction of a miRNA-Gene Network in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Bioinformatics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13305. [PMID: 37686108 PMCID: PMC10487482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung disease, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. Bioinformatics methods were used to explore the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and to elucidate the pathogenesis of IPF at the genetic level. The microarray datasets GSE110147 and GSE53845 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed using GEO2R to obtain the DEGs. The DEGs were further analyzed for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment using the DAVID database. Then, using the STRING database and Cytoscape, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created and the hub genes were selected. In addition, lung tissue from a mouse model was validated. Lastly, the network between the target microRNAs (miRNAs) and the hub genes was constructed with NetworkAnalyst. A summary of 240 genes were identified as DEGs, and functional analysis highlighted their role in cell adhesion molecules and ECM-receptor interactions in IPF. In addition, eight hub genes were selected. Four of these hub genes (VCAM1, CDH2, SPP1, and POSTN) were screened for animal validation. The IHC and RT-qPCR of lung tissue from a mouse model confirmed the results above. Then, miR-181b-5p, miR-4262, and miR-155-5p were predicted as possible key miRNAs. Eight hub genes may play a key role in the development of IPF. Four of the hub genes were validated in animal experiments. MiR-181b-5p, miR-4262, and miR-155-5p may be involved in the pathophysiological processes of IPF by interacting with hub genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yun Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.H.); (H.L.); (J.H.); (H.Z.); (X.S.)
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De Ramón Ortiz C, Justo Sanz R, Beauverd Y, Humala K, López de la Guia A, De Paz R, Gasior M, Gómez Prieto P, Fabra Urdiola M, Canales Albendea M, Butta N, Jiménez Yuste V. Low Plasma Levels of Hyaluronic Acid Might Rule Out Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. DISEASE MARKERS 2023; 2023:7589017. [PMID: 37101837 PMCID: PMC10125768 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7589017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS) is a potentially fatal complication secondary to hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) conditioning. Endothelial damage plasma biomarkers such as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), hyaluronic acid (HA), and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1) represent potential diagnostic tools for SOS. Methods We prospectively collected serial citrated blood samples (baseline, day 0, day 7, and day 14) in all adult patients undergoing HSCT at La Paz Hospital, Madrid. Samples were later analyzed by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for HA, VCAM1, and PAI-1 concentrations. Results During sixteen months, we prospectively recruited 47 patients. Seven patients (14%) were diagnosed with SOS according to the EBMT criteria for SOS/VOD diagnosis and received treatment with defibrotide. Our study showed a statistically significant elevation of HA on day 7 in SOS patients, preceding clinical SOS diagnosis, with a sensitivity of 100%. Furthermore, we observed a significant increase of HA and VCAM1 levels on day 14. Regarding risk factors, we observed a statistically significant association between SOS diagnosis and the fact that patients received 3 or more previous lines of treatment before HSCT. Conclusions The early significant increase in HA levels observed opens the door to a noninvasive peripheral blood test which could have the potential to improve diagnosis and facilitate prophylactic and therapeutic management of SOS before clinical/histological damage is established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raul Justo Sanz
- Hematology, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yan Beauverd
- Hematology, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karem Humala
- Hematology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raquel De Paz
- Hematology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Nora Butta
- Hematology, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Madrid, Spain
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Susai SR, Mongan D, Healy C, Cannon M, Nelson B, Markulev C, Schäfer MR, Berger M, Mossaheb N, Schlögelhofer M, Smesny S, Hickie IB, Berger GE, Chen EYH, de Haan L, Nieman DH, Nordentoft M, Riecher-Rössler A, Verma S, Thompson A, Yung AR, McGorry PD, Föcking M, Cotter D, Amminger GP. The association of plasma inflammatory markers with omega-3 fatty acids and their mediating role in psychotic symptoms and functioning: An analysis of the NEURAPRO clinical trial. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 99:147-156. [PMID: 34624483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that dysregulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) mediated membrane function plays a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Even though preclinical findings have supported the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 FAs on brain health, their biological roles as anti-inflammatory agents and their therapeutic role on clinical symptoms of psychosis risk are not well understood. In the current study, we investigated the relationship of erythrocyte omega-3 FAs with plasma immune markers in a clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) sample. In addition, a mediation analysis was performed to examine whether previously reported associations between omega-3 FAs and clinical outcomes were mediated via plasma immune markers. Clinical outcomes for CHR participants in the NEURAPRO clinical trial were measured using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Schedule for the Scale of Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) scales. The erythrocyte omega-3 index [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers were quantified at baseline (n = 268) and 6 month follow-up (n = 146) by gas chromatography and multiplex immunoassay, respectively. In linear regression models, the baseline plasma concentrations of Interleukin (IL)-15, Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and Vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 were negatively associated with baseline omega-3 index. In addition, 6-month change in IL-12p40 and TNF-α showed a negative association with change in omega-3 index. In longitudinal analyses, the baseline and 6 month change in omega-3 index was negatively associated with VCAM-1 and TNF-α respectively at follow-up. Mediation analyses provided little evidence for mediating effects of plasma immune markers on the relationship between omega-3 FAs and clinical outcomes (psychotic symptoms and functioning) in CHR participants. Our results indicate a predominantly anti-inflammatory relationship of omega-3 FAs on plasma inflammatory status in CHR individuals, but this did not appear to convey clinical benefits at 6 month and 12 month follow-up. Both immune and non-immune biological effects of omega-3 FAs would be resourceful in understanding the clinical benefits of omega-3 FAs in CHR papulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash Raj Susai
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - David Mongan
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Connie Markulev
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Miriam R Schäfer
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Maximus Berger
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Nilufar Mossaheb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Schlögelhofer
- BioPsyC-Biopsychosocial Corporation - Non-Profit Association for Research Funding, Austria; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Smesny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregor E Berger
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Service of the Canton of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorien H Nieman
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Swapna Verma
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew Thompson
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Alison Ruth Yung
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia; Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Melanie Föcking
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - G Paul Amminger
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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VCAM1 Labels a Subpopulation of Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Hippocampus and Contributes to Spatial Memory. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 14:1093-1106. [PMID: 32521248 PMCID: PMC7355157 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Active neural stem cells (aNSCs) and quiescent neural stem cells (qNSCs) are two distinct subpopulations found in the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). However, to date, no cell surface marker has been established to identify and profile qNSCs in the adult hippocampus. Here, we identified expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) on the cell surface of NSCs, through which we identified a previously unrecognized subpopulation of NSCs in the adult mouse DG. Interestingly, most VCAM1-expressing NSCs were largely quiescent. By injecting virus into Ai14 reporter mice to conduct lineage tracing in the adult DG, we confirmed that VCAM1-expressing cells were multipotent and capable of generating neurons and astrocytes. Furthermore, depletion of Vcam1 during the embryonic or adult stage impaired spatial learning and memory in mice, accompanied by a reduced number of radial glial-like cells and proliferating NSCs in the subgranular zone of Vcam1 knockout mice.
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8
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Varela-Martínez E, Bilbao-Arribas M, Abendaño N, Asín J, Pérez M, de Andrés D, Luján L, Jugo BM. Whole transcriptome approach to evaluate the effect of aluminium hydroxide in ovine encephalon. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15240. [PMID: 32943671 PMCID: PMC7498608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71905-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminium hydroxide adjuvants are crucial for livestock and human vaccines. Few studies have analysed their effect on the central nervous system in vivo. In this work, lambs received three different treatments of parallel subcutaneous inoculations during 16 months with aluminium-containing commercial vaccines, an equivalent dose of aluminium hydroxide or mock injections. Brain samples were sequenced by RNA-seq and miRNA-seq for the expression analysis of mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs and three expression comparisons were made. Although few differentially expressed genes were identified, some dysregulated genes by aluminium hydroxide alone were linked to neurological functions, the lncRNA TUNA among them, or were enriched in mitochondrial energy metabolism related functions. In the same way, the miRNA expression was mainly disrupted by the adjuvant alone treatment. Some differentially expressed miRNAs had been previously linked to neurological diseases, oxidative stress and apoptosis. In brief, in this study aluminium hydroxide alone altered the transcriptome of the encephalon to a higher degree than commercial vaccines that present a milder effect. The expression changes in the animals inoculated with aluminium hydroxide suggest mitochondrial disfunction. Further research is needed to elucidate to which extent these changes could have pathological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endika Varela-Martínez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Martin Bilbao-Arribas
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Naiara Abendaño
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Javier Asín
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Damián de Andrés
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology (CSIC-UPNA-Gov. Navarra), Navarra, Spain
| | - Lluís Luján
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Begoña M Jugo
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
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Hassanin AAI, Tavera-Garcia M, Moorthy B, Zhou GD, Ramos KS. Lung genotoxicity of benzo(a)pyrene in vivo involves reactivation of LINE-1 retrotransposon and early reprogramming of oncogenic regulatory networks. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L816-L822. [PMID: 31596105 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00304.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence have implicated long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) retroelement in the onset and progression of lung cancer. Retrotransposition-dependent mechanisms leading to DNA mobilization give rise to insertion mutations and DNA deletions, whereas retrotransposition-independent mechanisms disrupt epithelial programming and differentiation. Previous work by our group established that tobacco carcinogens such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) reactivate LINE-1 in bronchial epithelial cells through displacement of nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) corepressor complexes and interference with retinoblastoma-regulated epigenetic signaling. Whether LINE-1 in coordination with other genes within its regulatory network contributes to the in vivo genotoxic response to BaP remains largely unknown. Evidence is presented here that intratracheal instillation of ORFeusLSL mice with BaP alone or in combination with adenovirus (adeno)-CRE recombinase is genotoxic to the lung and associated with activation of the human LINE-1 transgene present in these mice. LINE-1 reactivation modulated the expression of genes involved in oncogenic signaling, and these responses were most pronounced in female mice compared with males and synergized by adeno-CRE recombinase. This is the first report linking LINE-1 and genes within its oncogenic regulatory network with early sexually dimorphic responses of the lung in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A I Hassanin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - M Tavera-Garcia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - B Moorthy
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - G D Zhou
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - K S Ramos
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona.,Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
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Lin YY, Lee KY, Ro LS, Lo YS, Huang CC, Chang KH. Clinical and cytokine profile of adult acute necrotizing encephalopathy. Biomed J 2019; 42:178-186. [PMID: 31466711 PMCID: PMC6717751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE), a fulminant encephalopathy, is often found in childhood. It is still uncertain whether adult patients with ANE display clinical features different from patients with typical pediatric onset. Furthermore, alterations in neuroinflammatory factors in patients with ANE have not been well-characterized. Here, we present an adult patient with ANE, and review all reported adult ANE cases in the literature. Methods Serum levels of five cytokines were checked in an adult patient with ANE and compared with gender/age-matched controls. Literature search was performed with PubMed, using the term as “acute necrotizing encephalopathy” with the filter of adult 19 + years. Results A total of 13 adult patients were reviewed. Compared with pediatric patients, adult ANE patients had similar clinical symptoms, biochemical data, and neuroimage findings, whereas adult ANE were more female-biased (female:male, 9:4) with a worse prognosis. Elevated cytokine levels in the serum and/or CSF is found in both adult-onset and pediatric-onset ANE. We found significantly elevated serum levels of IL-6 (17.17 pg/mL; healthy control: 1.43 ± 1.22 pg/mL) and VCAM-1 (3033.92 ng/mL; healthy control: 589.71 ± 133.13 ng/mL), and decreased serum TGF-β1 level (14.78 ng/mL, healthy controls: 25.81 ± 6.97 ng/mL) in our patient. Conclusions Our findings clearly delineate the clinical features and further indicate the potential change in cytokine levels in adult patients with ANE, advancing our understanding of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sun Ro
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shi Lo
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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11
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Voytyuk I, Mueller SA, Herber J, Snellinx A, Moechars D, van Loo G, Lichtenthaler SF, De Strooper B. BACE2 distribution in major brain cell types and identification of novel substrates. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1:e201800026. [PMID: 30456346 PMCID: PMC6238391 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibition is considered one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease, but current BACE1 inhibitors also block BACE2. As the localization and function of BACE2 in the brain remain unknown, it is difficult to predict whether relevant side effects can be caused by off-target inhibition of BACE2 and whether it is important to generate BACE1-specific inhibitors. Here, we show that BACE2 is expressed in discrete subsets of neurons and glia throughout the adult mouse brain. We uncover four new substrates processed by BACE2 in cultured glia: vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, delta and notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, and plexin domain containing 2. Although these substrates were not prominently cleaved by BACE2 in healthy adult mice, proinflammatory TNF induced a drastic increase in BACE2-mediated shedding of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in CSF. Thus, although under steady-state conditions the effect of BACE2 cross-inhibition by BACE1-directed inhibitors is rather subtle, it is important to consider that side effects might become apparent under physiopathological conditions that induce TNF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Voytyuk
- Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Brain and Disease Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan A Mueller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Herber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - An Snellinx
- Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Brain and Disease Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dieder Moechars
- Discovery Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Gent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Bart De Strooper
- Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Brain and Disease Research, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
- Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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12
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Zille M, Karuppagounder SS, Chen Y, Gough PJ, Bertin J, Finger J, Milner TA, Jonas EA, Ratan RR. Neuronal Death After Hemorrhagic Stroke In Vitro and In Vivo Shares Features of Ferroptosis and Necroptosis. Stroke 2017; 48:1033-1043. [PMID: 28250197 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.015609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intracerebral hemorrhage leads to disability or death with few established treatments. Adverse outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage result from irreversible damage to neurons resulting from primary and secondary injury. Secondary injury has been attributed to hemoglobin and its oxidized product hemin from lysed red blood cells. The aim of this study was to identify the underlying cell death mechanisms attributable to secondary injury by hemoglobin and hemin to broaden treatment options. METHODS We investigated cell death mechanisms in cultured neurons exposed to hemoglobin or hemin. Chemical inhibitors implicated in all known cell death pathways were used. Identified cell death mechanisms were confirmed using molecular markers and electron microscopy. RESULTS Chemical inhibitors of ferroptosis and necroptosis protected against hemoglobin- and hemin-induced toxicity. By contrast, inhibitors of caspase-dependent apoptosis, protein or mRNA synthesis, autophagy, mitophagy, or parthanatos had no effect. Accordingly, molecular markers of ferroptosis and necroptosis were increased after intracerebral hemorrhage in vitro and in vivo. Electron microscopy showed that hemin induced a necrotic phenotype. Necroptosis and ferroptosis inhibitors each abrogated death by >80% and had similar therapeutic windows in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Experimental intracerebral hemorrhage shares features of ferroptotic and necroptotic cell death, but not caspase-dependent apoptosis or autophagy. We propose that ferroptosis or necroptotic signaling induced by lysed blood is sufficient to reach a threshold of death that leads to neuronal necrosis and that inhibition of either of these pathways can bring cells below that threshold to survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Zille
- From the Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York (M.Z., S.S.K., Y.C., R.R.R.); Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (M.Z., S.S.K., Y.C., T.A.M., R.R.R.); Host Defense Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases Therapy Area Unit (P.J.G.) and Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area (J.B., J.F.), GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York (T.A.M.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT (E.A.J.)
| | - Saravanan S Karuppagounder
- From the Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York (M.Z., S.S.K., Y.C., R.R.R.); Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (M.Z., S.S.K., Y.C., T.A.M., R.R.R.); Host Defense Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases Therapy Area Unit (P.J.G.) and Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area (J.B., J.F.), GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York (T.A.M.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT (E.A.J.)
| | - Yingxin Chen
- From the Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York (M.Z., S.S.K., Y.C., R.R.R.); Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (M.Z., S.S.K., Y.C., T.A.M., R.R.R.); Host Defense Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases Therapy Area Unit (P.J.G.) and Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area (J.B., J.F.), GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York (T.A.M.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT (E.A.J.)
| | - Peter J Gough
- From the Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York (M.Z., S.S.K., Y.C., R.R.R.); Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (M.Z., S.S.K., Y.C., T.A.M., R.R.R.); Host Defense Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases Therapy Area Unit (P.J.G.) and Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area (J.B., J.F.), GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York (T.A.M.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT (E.A.J.)
| | - John Bertin
- From the Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York (M.Z., S.S.K., Y.C., R.R.R.); Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (M.Z., S.S.K., Y.C., T.A.M., R.R.R.); Host Defense Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases Therapy Area Unit (P.J.G.) and Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area (J.B., J.F.), GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York (T.A.M.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT (E.A.J.)
| | - Joshua Finger
- From the Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York (M.Z., S.S.K., Y.C., R.R.R.); Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (M.Z., S.S.K., Y.C., T.A.M., R.R.R.); Host Defense Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases Therapy Area Unit (P.J.G.) and Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area (J.B., J.F.), GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York (T.A.M.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT (E.A.J.)
| | - Teresa A Milner
- From the Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York (M.Z., S.S.K., Y.C., R.R.R.); Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (M.Z., S.S.K., Y.C., T.A.M., R.R.R.); Host Defense Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases Therapy Area Unit (P.J.G.) and Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area (J.B., J.F.), GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York (T.A.M.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT (E.A.J.)
| | - Elizabeth A Jonas
- From the Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York (M.Z., S.S.K., Y.C., R.R.R.); Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (M.Z., S.S.K., Y.C., T.A.M., R.R.R.); Host Defense Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases Therapy Area Unit (P.J.G.) and Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area (J.B., J.F.), GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York (T.A.M.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT (E.A.J.)
| | - Rajiv R Ratan
- From the Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, New York (M.Z., S.S.K., Y.C., R.R.R.); Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York (M.Z., S.S.K., Y.C., T.A.M., R.R.R.); Host Defense Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases Therapy Area Unit (P.J.G.) and Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area (J.B., J.F.), GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York (T.A.M.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT (E.A.J.).
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13
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Yuan J, Liu W, Zhu H, Zhang X, Feng Y, Chen Y, Feng H, Lin J. Curcumin attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice. J Surg Res 2017; 207:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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14
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Garton T, Keep RF, Hua Y, Xi G. Brain iron overload following intracranial haemorrhage. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2016; 1:172-184. [PMID: 28959481 PMCID: PMC5435218 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2016-000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial haemorrhages, including intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition, haemorrhage contributes to tissue damage in traumatic brain injury (TBI). To date, efforts to treat the long-term consequences of cerebral haemorrhage have been unsatisfactory. Incident rates and mortality have not showed significant improvement in recent years. In terms of secondary damage following haemorrhage, it is becoming increasingly apparent that blood components are of integral importance, with haemoglobin-derived iron playing a major role. However, the damage caused by iron is complex and varied, and therefore, increased investigation into the mechanisms by which iron causes brain injury is required. As ICH, IVH, SAH and TBI are related, this review will discuss the role of iron in each, so that similarities in injury pathologies can be more easily identified. It summarises important components of normal brain iron homeostasis and analyses the existing evidence on iron-related brain injury mechanisms. It further discusses treatment options of particular promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Garton
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ya Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guohua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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15
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Curcumin reduces brain-infiltrating T lymphocytes after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Neurosci Lett 2016; 620:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Choi JH, Jang M, Kim EJ, Kim H, Ye SK, Cho IH. Oriental Medicine Woohwangchungsimwon Attenuates Kainic Acid-Induced Seizures and Neuronal Cell Death in the Hippocampus. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 19:394-405. [PMID: 26981959 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Woohwangchungsimwon (WCW) is an oriental medicine that has been extensively prescribed in Asia to patients with apoplexy, high blood pressure, acute/chronic convulsion, and so on. However, the potential therapeutic value of WCW in treating the pathologic brain has not yet been fully investigated. In the present study, we evaluated whether WCW has beneficial effects on kainic acid (KA)-induced excitotoxicity. An intraperitoneal injection of KA (40 mg/kg) and an intracerebroventricular injection of KA (0.2 μg) produced typical seizure behavior and neuronal cell death in the CA1 and CA3 pyramidal layers of the hippocampus, respectively. However, the systemic administration of WCW significantly attenuated the seizure behavior and neuronal cell death. WCW was found to exert the best protective effect when it was administrated 2 hours before a KA injection. Moreover, this WCW-induced neuroprotection was accompanied by a reduction in microglia activation and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxyganase-2 in the hippocampus. These results suggest that WCW has therapeutic potential to suppress KA-induced pathogenesis in the brain by inhibiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hee Choi
- 1 Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Jang
- 1 Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Kim
- 1 Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheol Kim
- 2 Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,3 Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,4 Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Ye
- 5 Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- 1 Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,4 Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Simats A, García-Berrocoso T, Montaner J. Neuroinflammatory biomarkers: From stroke diagnosis and prognosis to therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:411-24. [PMID: 26524637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the third leading cause of death in industrialized countries and one of the largest causes of permanent disability worldwide. Therapeutic options to fight stroke are still limited and the only approved drug is tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) and/or mechanical thrombectomy. Post-stroke inflammation is well known to contribute to the expansion of the ischemic lesion, whereas its resolution stimulates tissue repair and neuroregeneration processes. As inflammation highly influences susceptibility of stroke patients to overcome the disease, there is an increasing need to develop new diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies for post-stroke inflammation. This review provides a brief overview of the contribution of the inflammatory mechanisms to the pathophysiology of stroke. It specially focuses on the role of inflammatory biomarkers to help predicting stroke patients' outcome since some of those biomarkers might turn out to be targets to be therapeutically altered overcoming the urgent need for the identification of potent drugs to modulate stroke-associated inflammation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuro Inflammation edited by Helga E. de Vries and Markus Schwaninger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Simats
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Teresa García-Berrocoso
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Neurology Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Agassandian M, Tedrow JR, Sembrat J, Kass DJ, Zhang Y, Goncharova EA, Kaminski N, Mallampalli RK, Vuga LJ. VCAM-1 is a TGF-β1 inducible gene upregulated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Signal 2015; 27:2467-73. [PMID: 26386411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lethal interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. We previously reported that high plasma levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) predict mortality in IPF subjects. Here we investigated the cellular origin and potential role of VCAM-1 in regulating primary lung fibroblast behavior. VCAM-1 mRNA was significantly increased in lungs of subjects with IPF compared to lungs from control subjects (p=0.001), and it negatively correlated with two markers of lung function, forced vital capacity (FVC) and pulmonary diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). VCAM-1 protein levels were highly expressed in IPF subjects where it was detected in fibrotic foci and blood vessels of IPF lung. Treatment of human lung fibroblasts with TGF-β1 significantly increased steady-state VCAM1 mRNA and protein levels without affecting VCAM1 mRNA stability. Further, cellular depletion of VCAM-1 inhibited fibroblast cell proliferation and reduced G2/M and S phases of the cell cycle suggestive of cell cycle arrest. These effects on cell cycle progression triggered by VCAM1 depletion were associated with reductions in levels of phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 and cyclin D1. Thus, these observations suggest that VCAM-1 is a TGF-β1 responsive mediator that partakes in fibroblast proliferation in subjects with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Agassandian
- Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John R Tedrow
- Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John Sembrat
- Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Daniel J Kass
- Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Elena A Goncharova
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Heaven, CT, United States
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Medical Specialty Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Louis J Vuga
- Dorothy P and Richard P Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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