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Taurine Supplementation as a Neuroprotective Strategy upon Brain Dysfunction in Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061292. [PMID: 35334949 PMCID: PMC8952284 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and their associated comorbidities impact brain metabolism and function and constitute risk factors for cognitive impairment. Alterations to taurine homeostasis can impact a number of biological processes, such as osmolarity control, calcium homeostasis, and inhibitory neurotransmission, and have been reported in both metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. Models of neurodegenerative disorders show reduced brain taurine concentrations. On the other hand, models of insulin-dependent diabetes, insulin resistance, and diet-induced obesity display taurine accumulation in the hippocampus. Given the possible cytoprotective actions of taurine, such cerebral accumulation of taurine might constitute a compensatory mechanism that attempts to prevent neurodegeneration. The present article provides an overview of brain taurine homeostasis and reviews the mechanisms by which taurine can afford neuroprotection in individuals with obesity and diabetes. We conclude that further research is needed for understanding taurine homeostasis in metabolic disorders with an impact on brain function.
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Zhu S, Sai X, Lin J, Deng G, Zhao M, Nasser MI, Zhu P. Mechanisms of perioperative brain damage in children with congenital heart disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110957. [PMID: 33254442 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease, particularly cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD), may lead to a neurodevelopmental delay through central nervous system injury, more unstable central nervous system development, and increased vulnerability of the nervous system. Neurodevelopmental disease is the most serious disorder of childhood, affecting the quality of life of children and their families. Therefore, the monitoring and optimization of nerve damage treatments are important. The factors contributing to neurodevelopmental disease are primarily related to preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative, genetic, and environmental causes, with intraoperative causes being the most influential. Nevertheless, few studies have examined these factors, particularly the influencing factors during early postoperative care. Children with congenital heart disease may experience brain damage during early heart intensive care due to unstable haemodynamics and total body oxygen transfer, particularly early postoperative inflammatory reactions in the brain, blood glucose levels, and other factors that potentially influence long-term neural development. This study analyses the forms of structural and functional brain damage in the early postoperative period, along with the recent evolution of research on its contributing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoji Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China
| | - Xiyalatu Sai
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianxin Lin
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China.
| | - M I Nasser
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China.
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Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia is still one of the greatest threats to the newborn child, even in developed countries. However, there is a lack of works which summarize up-to-date information about that huge topic. Our review covers a broader spectrum of recent results from studies on mechanisms leading to hypoxia-induced injury. It also resumes possible primary causes and observed behavioral outcomes of perinatal hypoxia. In this review, we recognize two types of hypoxia, according to the localization of its primary cause: environmental and placental. Later we analyze possible pathways of prenatal hypoxia-induced injury including gene expression changes, glutaminergic excitatory damage (and a role of NMDA receptors in it), oxidative stress with ROS and RNS production, inflammation and apoptosis. Moreover, we focus on the impact of these pathophysiological changes on the structure and development of the brain, especially on its regions: corpus striatum and hippocampus. These brain changes of the offspring lead to impairments in their postnatal growth and sensorimotor development, and in their motor functions, activity, emotionality and learning ability in adulthood. Later we compare various animal models used to investigate the impact of prenatal and postnatal injury (hypoxic, ischemic or combinatory) on living organisms, and show their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Piešová
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Pierre WC, Akakpo L, Londono I, Pouliot P, Chemtob S, Lesage F, Lodygensky GA. Assessing therapeutic response non-invasively in a neonatal rat model of acute inflammatory white matter injury using high-field MRI. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:348-360. [PMID: 31247289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal infection and inflammatory episodes in preterm infants are associated with diffuse white matter injury (WMI) and adverse neurological outcomes. Inflammation-induced WMI was previously shown to be linked with later hippocampal atrophy as well as learning and memory impairments in preterm infants. Early evaluation of injury load and therapeutic response with non-invasive tools such as multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) would greatly improve the search of new therapeutic approaches in preterm infants. Our aim was to evaluate the potential of multimodal MRI to detect the response of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) treatment, known for its neuroprotective properties, during the acute phase of injury on a model of neonatal WMI. Rat pups at postnatal day 3 (P3) received intracerebral injection of lipopolysaccharide with systemic IL-1Ra therapy. 24 h later (P4), rats were imaged with multimodal MRI to assess microstructure by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurochemical profile of the hippocampus with 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Astrocyte and microglial activation, apoptosis and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory and necroptotic markers were assessed. During the acute phase of injury, neonatal LPS exposure altered the concentration of hippocampus metabolites related to neuronal integrity, neurotransmission and membrane integrity and induced diffusivity restriction. Just 24 h after initiation of therapy, early indication of IL-1Ra neuroprotective effect could be detected in vivo by non-invasive spectroscopy and DTI, and confirmed with immunohistochemical evaluation and mRNA expression of inflammatory markers and cell death. In conclusion, multimodal MRI, particularly DTI, can detect not only injury but also the acute therapeutic effect of IL-1Ra suggesting that MRI could be a useful non-invasive tool to follow, at early time points, the therapeutic response in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyston C Pierre
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Luis Akakpo
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Canada; École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Irène Londono
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Philippe Pouliot
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Frédéric Lesage
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gregory A Lodygensky
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montréal, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Morrison JL, Botting KJ, Darby JRT, David AL, Dyson RM, Gatford KL, Gray C, Herrera EA, Hirst JJ, Kim B, Kind KL, Krause BJ, Matthews SG, Palliser HK, Regnault TRH, Richardson BS, Sasaki A, Thompson LP, Berry MJ. Guinea pig models for translation of the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis into the clinic. J Physiol 2018; 596:5535-5569. [PMID: 29633280 PMCID: PMC6265540 DOI: 10.1113/jp274948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 30 years ago Professor David Barker first proposed the theory that events in early life could explain an individual's risk of non-communicable disease in later life: the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis. During the 1990s the validity of the DOHaD hypothesis was extensively tested in a number of human populations and the mechanisms underpinning it characterised in a range of experimental animal models. Over the past decade, researchers have sought to use this mechanistic understanding of DOHaD to develop therapeutic interventions during pregnancy and early life to improve adult health. A variety of animal models have been used to develop and evaluate interventions, each with strengths and limitations. It is becoming apparent that effective translational research requires that the animal paradigm selected mirrors the tempo of human fetal growth and development as closely as possible so that the effect of a perinatal insult and/or therapeutic intervention can be fully assessed. The guinea pig is one such animal model that over the past two decades has demonstrated itself to be a very useful platform for these important reproductive studies. This review highlights similarities in the in utero development between humans and guinea pigs, the strengths and limitations of the guinea pig as an experimental model of DOHaD and the guinea pig's potential to enhance clinical therapeutic innovation to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health ResearchUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Kimberley J. Botting
- Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jack R. T. Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health ResearchUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Anna L. David
- Research Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rebecca M. Dyson
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health and Centre for Translational PhysiologyUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Kathryn L. Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical SchoolUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Clint Gray
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health and Centre for Translational PhysiologyUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Emilio A. Herrera
- Pathophysiology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBM), Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Jonathan J. Hirst
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Bona Kim
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Karen L. Kind
- School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Bernardo J. Krause
- Division of Paediatrics, Faculty of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | | | - Hannah K. Palliser
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Timothy R. H. Regnault
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Physiology and PharmacologyWestern University, and Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Bryan S. Richardson
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Physiology and PharmacologyWestern University, and Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Aya Sasaki
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Loren P. Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive SciencesUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Mary J. Berry
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health and Centre for Translational PhysiologyUniversity of OtagoWellingtonNew Zealand
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Nalivaeva NN, Turner AJ, Zhuravin IA. Role of Prenatal Hypoxia in Brain Development, Cognitive Functions, and Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:825. [PMID: 30510498 PMCID: PMC6254649 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of prenatal hypoxia in the development of brain functions in the postnatal period and subsequent increased risk of neurodegenerative disorders in later life. Accumulating evidence suggests that prenatal hypoxia in critical periods of brain formation results in significant changes in development of cognitive functions at various stages of postnatal life which correlate with morphological changes in brain structures involved in learning and memory. Prenatal hypoxia also leads to a decrease in brain adaptive potential and plasticity due to the disturbance in the process of formation of new contacts between cells and propagation of neuronal stimuli, especially in the cortex and hippocampus. On the other hand, prenatal hypoxia has a significant impact on expression and processing of a variety of genes involved in normal brain function and their epigenetic regulation. This results in changes in the patterns of mRNA and protein expression and their post-translational modifications, including protein misfolding and clearance. Among proteins affected by prenatal hypoxia are a key enzyme of the cholinergic system-acetylcholinesterase, and the amyloid precursor protein (APP), both of which have important roles in brain function. Disruption of their expression and metabolism caused by prenatal hypoxia can also result, apart from early cognitive dysfunctions, in development of neurodegeneration in later life. Another group of enzymes affected by prenatal hypoxia are peptidases involved in catabolism of neuropeptides, including amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). The decrease in the activity of neprilysin and other amyloid-degrading enzymes observed after prenatal hypoxia could result over the years in an Aβ clearance deficit and accumulation of its toxic species which cause neuronal cell death and development of neurodegeneration. Applying various approaches to restore expression of neuronal genes disrupted by prenatal hypoxia during postnatal development opens an avenue for therapeutic compensation of cognitive dysfunctions and prevention of Aβ accumulation in the aging brain and the model of prenatal hypoxia in rodents can be used as a reliable tool for assessment of their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia N. Nalivaeva
- I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J. Turner
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Igor A. Zhuravin
- I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Lepping RJ, Honea RA, Martin LE, Liao K, Choi IY, Lee P, Papa VB, Brooks WM, Shaddy DJ, Carlson SE, Colombo J, Gustafson KM. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in the first year of life affects brain function, structure, and metabolism at age nine years. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 61:5-16. [PMID: 30311214 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study sought to determine whether supplementation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) during the first year of life influenced brain function, structure, and metabolism at 9 years of age. Newborns were randomly assigned to consume formula containing either no LCPUFA (control) or formula with 0.64% of total fatty acids as arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n6) and variable amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n3) (0.32%, 0.64%, or 0.96% of total fatty acids) from birth to 12 months. At age 9 years (±0.6), 42 children enrolled in a follow-up multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study including functional (fMRI, Flanker task), resting state (rsMRI), anatomic, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H MRS). fMRI analysis using the Flanker task found that trials requiring greater inhibition elicited greater brain activation in LCPUFA-supplemented children in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and parietal regions. rsMRI analysis showed that children in the 0.64% group exhibited greater connectivity between prefrontal and parietal regions compared to all other groups. In addition, voxel-based analysis (VBM) revealed that the 0.32% and 0.64% groups had greater white matter volume in ACC and parietal regions compared to controls and the 0.96% group. Finally, 1 H MRS data analysis identified that N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and myo-inositol (mI) were higher in LCPUFA groups compared to the control group. LCPUFA supplementation during infancy has lasting effects on brain structure, function, and neurochemical concentrations in regions associated with attention (parietal) and inhibition (ACC), as well as neurochemicals associated with neuronal integrity (NAA) and brain cell signaling (mI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Lepping
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Robyn A Honea
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Laura E Martin
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ke Liao
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas
| | - In-Young Choi
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Phil Lee
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Vlad B Papa
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas
| | - William M Brooks
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas
| | - D Jill Shaddy
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Susan E Carlson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas
| | - John Colombo
- Schiefelbusch Institute for Life Span Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Kathleen M Gustafson
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas.,Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas
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