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Hu S, Shen P, Chen B, Tian SW, You Y. Apelin-13 reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment via promoting glucocorticoid receptor expression and nuclear translocation (Manuscript-revision). Neurosci Lett 2022; 788:136850. [PMID: 36038029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is usually associated with cognitive decline, which is involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Apelin, a neuropeptide, exerts various biological roles in central nervous system. Recent evidence showed that apelin-13, an active form of apelin, suppresses neuroinflammation and improves cognitive decline in diverse pathological processes. However, the underlying mechanism of apelin-13 in neuroinflammation remains largely unknown. The present study aimed to determine underlying mechanism of apelin-13 on neuroinflammation-related cognitive decline. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) to is used to establish a rat model of neuroinflammation-related cognitive decline. The results showed that apelin-13 inhibits LPS-induced neuroinflammation and improves cognitive impairment. Apelin-13 upregulates the GR level and nuclear translocation in hippocampus of rats. Moreover, glucocorticoid receptor inhibitor RU486 prevents apelin-13-mediated neuroprotective actions on cognitive function. Taken together, apelin-13 could exert a protective effect in neuroinflammation-mediated cognitive impairment via the activation of GR expression and nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Department of Neurology, Haikou, Hainan, 570216, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Brain Research and Transformation, 571199, China; International Center for Aging and Cancer (ICAC), Hainan Medical University, 571199, China
| | - Pei Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan, 415000, China
| | - Bin Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Department of Neurology, Haikou, Hainan, 570216, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Brain Research and Transformation, 571199, China; International Center for Aging and Cancer (ICAC), Hainan Medical University, 571199, China
| | - Shao-Wen Tian
- Department of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541001, China.
| | - Yong You
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Department of Neurology, Haikou, Hainan, 570216, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Brain Research and Transformation, 571199, China; International Center for Aging and Cancer (ICAC), Hainan Medical University, 571199, China.
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2
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Zhou JX, Shuai NN, Wang B, Jin X, Kuang X, Tian SW. Neuroprotective gain of Apelin/APJ system. Neuropeptides 2021; 87:102131. [PMID: 33640616 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor APJ. In recent years, many studies have shown that the apelin/APJ system has neuroprotective properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, and regulating autophagy, blocking excitatory toxicity. Apelin/APJ system has been proven to play a role in various neurological diseases and may be a promising therapeutic target for nervous system diseases. In this paper, the neuroprotective properties of the apelin/APJ system and its role in neurologic disorders are reviewed. Further understanding of the pathophysiological effect and mechanism of the apelin/APJ system in the nervous system will help develop new therapeutic interventions for various neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xiu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, PR China
| | - Nian-Nian Shuai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xin Kuang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, PR China.
| | - Shao-Wen Tian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, PR China.
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Aplnr knockout mice display sex-specific changes in conditioned fear. Behav Brain Res 2020; 400:113059. [PMID: 33309737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptor APLNR and its ligands apelin and ELABELA/TODDLER/apela comprise the apelinergic system, a signaling pathway that is critical during development and physiological homeostasis. Targeted regulation of the receptor has been proposed to treat several important diseases including heart failure, pulmonary arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome. The apelinergic system is widely expressed within the central nervous system (CNS). However, the role of this system in the CNS has not been completely elucidated. Utilizing an Aplnr knockout mouse model, we report here results from tests of sensory ability, locomotion, reward preference, social preference, learning and memory, and anxiety. We find that knockout of Aplnr leads to significant effects on acoustic startle response and sex-specific effects on conditioned fear responses without significant changes in baseline anxiety. In particular, male Aplnr knockout mice display enhanced context- and cue-dependent fear responses. Our results complement previous reports that exogenous Apelin administration reduced conditioned fear and freezing responses in rodent models, and future studies will explore the therapeutic benefit of APLNR-targeted drugs in rodent models of PTSD.
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Lv SY, Chen WD, Wang YD. The Apelin/APJ System in Psychosis and Neuropathy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:320. [PMID: 32231577 PMCID: PMC7082832 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin, an endogenous neuropeptide, has been identified as the cognate ligand for the G-protein-coupled receptor APJ. Apelin, APJ messenger RNA, and protein are widely expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues of humans and animals. The apelin/APJ system has been implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes. The present article reviews the progress of the latest research investigating the apelin/APJ system in pain, depression, anxiety, memory, epilepsy, neuroprotection, stroke, and brain injury and protection, and highlights its promising potential as a therapeutic target for treatment of psychosis and neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Yu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Chen FL, Li J, Wang B, Tian SW, Long C. Apelin-13 enhances contextual fear extinction in rats. Neurosci Lett 2019; 712:134487. [PMID: 31513835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fear extinction is considered as a new learning process that is valid to model features of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The neuropeptide apelin, such as apelin-13, apelin-17 and apelin-36, are endogenous ligands of the G-protein coupled receptor APJ. Apelin and its receptor APJ are widely distributed in the central nervous system. Accumulating evidence suggests the critical role of apelin-13 in modulation of learning and memory, however, its specific role in fear extinction remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of apelin-13 administration on contextual fear extinction in rats. The behavioral procedure included four sessions: habitation, conditioning, extinction training and extinction recall. Rats received intracerebroventricular infusion of apelin-13 (3 or 6 μg) 0.5 h prior to the extinction training. Percentage of freezing was utilized to assess the conditioned fear response. Results showed that apelin-13, with the dose of 6 but not 3 μg, significantly decreased freezing response during both extinction training and extinction recall test sessions. Furthermore, apelin-13 did not affect the levels of baseline freezing, locomotor activity and anxiety. The results suggest that apelin-13 dose-dependently enhances contextual fear extinction, and may function as a novel target for treatment of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ling Chen
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shao-Wen Tian
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541000, China.
| | - Chen Long
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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Luo H, Xiang Y, Qu X, Liu H, Liu C, Li G, Han L, Qin X. Apelin-13 Suppresses Neuroinflammation Against Cognitive Deficit in a Streptozotocin-Induced Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease Through Activation of BDNF-TrkB Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:395. [PMID: 31040784 PMCID: PMC6477031 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by impairments of cognitive function as a result of synaptic deficits and neuronal loss, is associated with inflammation. Apelin-13, a predominant neuropeptide with inhibiting effect on inflammation, has beneficial effects on cognition memory and neuronal damage. However, whether apelin-13 can protect neurons to ameliorate cognitive deficits in AD by inhibiting the inflammatory response remains largely unknown. To test this hypothesis, rats were intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injected with streptozotocin (3 mg/kg) alone or in combination with apelin-13 (2 μg). And tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) blocker K252a (200 nM) was administrated 10 min before apelin injection. Furthermore, cognitive performance was assessed by new object recognition (NOR) and Y-maze tests. Protein expression of apelin, APJ, microglial marker (IBA1), astroglia marker (GFAP), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), synaptophysin (SYP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), TrkB, phospho-TrkB (p-TrkB) in the hippocampus were examined by western blotting or immunohistochemistry. And the gene expression of IBA1, GFAP, IL-1β, TNF-α, and SYP were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Inflammatory disorder in the hippocampus was tested by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to study the expression level of acetylcholine. And the activity of acetylcholinesterase was detected by Acetylcholinesterase Assay Kit. We observed that apelin/APJ signaling was downregulated in the hippocampus of rats administrated with STZ. Apelin-13 was found to significantly ameliorate STZ-induced AD-like phenotypes including congnitive deficit, cholinergic disfunction and the damage of neuron and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, apelin-13 inhibited microglia and astrocyte activation, reduced IL-1β and TNF-α expression and hippocampal BDNF/TrkB expression deficit in AD rats. Finally, apelin-13-mediated effects were blocked by TrkB receptor antagonist K252a. These results suggest that apelin-13 upregulates BDNF/TrkB pathway against cognitive deficit in a STZ-induced rat model of sporadic AD by attenuating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiqing Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangping Qu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangyi Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoqun Qin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Apelin-13 ameliorates chronic water-immersion restraint stress-induced memory performance deficit through upregulation of BDNF in rats. Neurosci Lett 2019; 696:151-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Tian SW, Xu F, Gui SJ. Apelin-13 reverses memory impairment and depression-like behavior in chronic social defeat stressed rats. Peptides 2018; 108:1-6. [PMID: 30142367 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The apelin/APJ signaling is composed of the short peptide apelin usually including apelin-13, apelin-17 and apelin-36, and its receptor APJ. This signaling is abundantly expressed in limbic structures such as the hippocampus, suggesting a potential role in stress response and learning and memory. We recently reported that apelin-13 reverses acute stress-induced memory impairment and depression-like behavior in rats. Here, we further investigate whether apelin-13 reverses memory impairment and depression-like behavior in chronic stressed rats. Rats were subjected to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), and received intracerebroventricular infusion of apelin-13 for one week after stress withdrawal. Behavioral test battery was performed to assess memory performance and depression-like behavior. Results showed that apelin-13 reversed CSDS-induced decrease in the alternation ratio and discrimination index in the Y-maze and novel object recognition tests, respectively. Apelin-13 also reversed CSDS-induced social avoidance in the social interaction test, and behavioral despair in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests. Additionally, apelin-13 did not influence locomotor activity in the open field test. These observations suggest that apelin-13 reverses memory impairment and depression-like behavior in chronic stressed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Wen Tian
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China.
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China.
| | - Shu-Jia Gui
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China
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Haghparast E, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Abbasnejad M, Sheibani V. Apelin-13 ameliorates cognitive impairments in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced substantia nigra lesion in rats. Neuropeptides 2018; 68:28-35. [PMID: 29329678 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although Parkinson's disease (PD) is well known with its motor deficits, the patients often suffer from cognitive dysfunction. Apelin, as the endogenous ligand of the APJ receptor, is found in several brain regions such as substantia nigra and mesolimbic pathway. However, the role of apelin in cognition and cognitive disorders has not been fully clarified. In this study the effects of apelin-13 were investigated on cognitive disorders in rat Parkinsonism experimental model. 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was administrated into the substantia nigra. Apelin-13 (1, 2 and 3μg/rat) was administered into the substantia nigra one week after the 6-OHDA injection. Morris water maze (MWM), object location and novel object recognition tests were performed one month after the apelin injection. 6-OHDA-treated animals showed a significant impairment in cognitive functions which was revealed by the increased in the escape latency and traveled distance in MWM test and decreased in the exploration index in novel object recognition and object location tasks. Apelin-13 (3μg/rat) significantly attenuates the mentioned cognitive impairments in 6-OHDA-treated animals. In conclusion, the data support the pro-cognitive property of apelin-13 in 6-OHDA-induced cognitive deficit and provided a new pharmacological aspect of the neuropeptide apelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Haghparast
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran; Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Abbasnejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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