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Shin MS, Lee Y, Cho IH, Yang HJ. Brain plasticity and ginseng. J Ginseng Res 2024; 48:286-297. [PMID: 38707640 PMCID: PMC11069001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain plasticity refers to the brain's ability to modify its structure, accompanied by its functional changes. It is influenced by learning, experiences, and dietary factors, even in later life. Accumulated researches have indicated that ginseng may protect the brain and enhance its function in pathological conditions. There is a compelling need for a more comprehensive understanding of ginseng's role in the physiological condition because many individuals without specific diseases seek to improve their health by incorporating ginseng into their routines. This review aims to deepen our understanding of how ginseng affects brain plasticity of people undergoing normal aging process. We provided a summary of studies that reported the impact of ginseng on brain plasticity and related factors in human clinical studies. Furthermore, we explored researches focused on the molecular mechanisms underpinning the influence of ginseng on brain plasticity and factors contributing to brain plasticity. Evidences indicate that ginseng has the potential to enhance brain plasticity in the context of normal aging by mediating both central and peripheral systems, thereby expecting to improve age-related declines in brain function. Moreover, given modern western diet can damage neuroplasticity in the long term, ginseng can be a beneficial supplement for better brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Sook Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungJoo Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Yang
- Department of Integrative Bioscience, University of Brain Education, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Healthcare, University of Brain Education, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Brain Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Li L, Jin M, Tan J, Xiao B. NcRNAs: A synergistically antiapoptosis therapeutic tool in Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14476. [PMID: 37735992 PMCID: PMC11017435 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this review is to systematically summarize and analyze the noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), in the cell apoptosis among Alzheimer's disease (AD) in recent years to demonstrate their value in the diagnosis and treatment of AD. METHODS We systematically summarized in vitro and in vivo studies focusing on the ncRNAs in the regulation of cell apoptosis among AD in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. RESULTS We discover three patterns of ncRNAs (including 'miRNA-mRNA', 'lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA', and 'circRNA-miRNA-mRNA') form the ncRNA-based regulatory networks in regulating cell apoptosis in AD. CONCLUSIONS This review provides a future diagnosis and treatment strategy for AD patients based on ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxian Li
- Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive NeuroscienceGuilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Mingyue Jin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive NeuroscienceGuilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Jie Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive NeuroscienceGuilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Bo Xiao
- Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive NeuroscienceGuilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseasesEducation Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionGuilinChina
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Xue L, Hu M, Zhu Q, Li Y, Zhou G, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Ding P. GRg1 inhibits the TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway by upregulating miR-216a-5p to reduce growth factors and inflammatory cytokines in DR. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9379-9394. [PMID: 37819496 PMCID: PMC10635910 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08895-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common diabetic neurodegenerative disease that affects vision in severe cases. Current therapeutic drugs are ineffective for some patients with severe side effects, and ginsenoside-Rg1 (GRg1) has been shown to protect against DR and may serve as a new potential drug for DR. This study aimed to confirm the protective effect of GRg1 against DR and its molecular mechanism. METHODS Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs) and rats were used to construct DR models in vitro and in vivo. Cell proliferation was detected by BrdU assays, the cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry, and TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β levels were detected by ELISA. qRT‒PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of related genes and proteins, and angiogenesis assays were used to assess angiogenesis. RIP and RNA pull down assays were used to determine the relationship between miR-216a-5p and TLR4; retinal structure and changes were observed by HE staining and retinal digestive spread assays. RESULTS GRg1 effectively inhibited HG-induced hRMEC proliferation, cell cycle progression and angiogenesis and reduced the levels of intracellular inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. HG downregulated the expression of miR-216a-5p and upregulated the expression of TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway-related proteins. Importantly, GRg1 inhibited TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway activation by upregulating miR-216a-5p, thereby inhibiting HG-induced cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and the production of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. In addition, animal experiments confirmed the results of the cell experiments. CONCLUSIONS GRg1 inhibits TLR4/NF-kB signaling by upregulating miR-216a-5p to reduce growth factors and inflammatory cytokines in DR, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xue
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University; The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan; The Affiliated Ophthalmology Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University; The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan; The Affiliated Ophthalmology Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University; The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan; The Affiliated Ophthalmology Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, China
| | - Yadi Li
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University; The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan; The Affiliated Ophthalmology Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, China
| | - Guanglong Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University; The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan; The Affiliated Ophthalmology Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University; The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan; The Affiliated Ophthalmology Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University; The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan; The Affiliated Ophthalmology Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, China
| | - Jieying Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University; The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan; The Affiliated Ophthalmology Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, 650021, Yunnan, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
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Zhang S, Zeng Y, Wang B, Li J, Hu C, Weng Z, Wang Z. Reduction of alcohol-induced mitochondrial damage with ginsenoside Rg1 studied by atomic force microscopy. Micron 2023; 174:103522. [PMID: 37572500 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2023.103522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of mitochondrial morphology and mechanical properties is useful for the diagnosis and treatment of mitochondrial and alcoholic liver disease. In this study, the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1) on the morphology and mechanical properties of mitochondria that had suffered alcohol-induced damage were investigated under near-physiological conditions. Additionally, the morphological and mechanical properties of mitochondria were quantified through atomic force microscopy. Atomic force microscopy revealed that alcohol-induced significant morphological changes in mitochondria. Compared with that of the mitochondria of normal hepatocytes, the average surface area of the damaged mitochondria was found to have increased significantly under the influence of alcohol. Furthermore, the mitochondrial area tended to be normal under the action of G-Rg1, whilst other parameters (length, width and perimeter) were significantly different from those of the mitochondria with the alcohol-induced damage. Simultaneously, alcohol significantly reduced the adhesion and elastic modulus of mitochondria, whilst the adhesion and elastic modulus of mitochondria in the G-Rg1 treatment group were closer to the values of normal mitochondria. This study overall showed that G-Rg1 could effectively alleviate the swelling and anomalous mechanical properties of mitochondria induced by alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Zhang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Zhongshan Institute of hangchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528400, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Bowei Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Zhongshan Institute of hangchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528400, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jiani Li
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Zhongshan Institute of hangchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528400, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Cuihua Hu
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhankun Weng
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Zhongshan Institute of hangchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528400, China.
| | - Zuobin Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Zhongshan Institute of hangchun University of Science and Technology, Zhongshan 528400, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross-Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; JR3CN & IRAC, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK.
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Shan M, Bai Y, Fang X, Lan X, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Zhu D, Luo H. American Ginseng for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5716. [PMID: 37570686 PMCID: PMC10420665 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent degenerative condition that is increasingly affecting populations globally. American ginseng (AG) has anti-AD bioactivity, and ginsenosides, as the main active components of AG, have shown strong anti-AD effects in both in vitro and in vivo studies. It has been reported that ginsenosides can inhibit amyloid β-protein (Aβ) production and deposition, tau phosphorylation, apoptosis and cytotoxicity, as well as possess anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, thus suppressing the progression of AD. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis of AD, the potential anti-AD effects of ginsenosides found in AG, and the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with these effects. Additionally, we will discuss the potential use of AG in the treatment of AD, and how ginsenosides in AG may exert more potent anti-AD effects in vivo may be a direction for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Shan
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (M.S.); (Y.B.); (X.F.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yunfan Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (M.S.); (Y.B.); (X.F.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (M.S.); (Y.B.); (X.F.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xintian Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (M.S.); (Y.B.); (X.F.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yegang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (M.S.); (Y.B.); (X.F.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yiming Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (M.S.); (Y.B.); (X.F.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Difu Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (M.S.); (Y.B.); (X.F.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Biopharmaceutical and Health Food, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (M.S.); (Y.B.); (X.F.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
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Zhang X, Jing F, Guo C, Li X, Li J, Liang G. Tumor-suppressive function and mechanism of miR-873-5p in glioblastoma: evidence based on bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:5412-5425. [PMID: 37382594 PMCID: PMC10333085 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to clarify the mechanistic actions of microRNA-873-5p (miR-873-5p) on glioblastoma (GBM) progression. The most differentially expressed miRNAs were retrieved from the GEO database. It was established that miR-873-5p was downregulated in GBM tissues and cells. Based on in silico prediction and experimental data, HMOX1 was demonstrated to be a target gene of miR-873-5p. Further, miR-873-5p was then ectopically expressed in GBM cells to examine its effect on the malignant behaviors of GBM cells. Overexpression of miR-873-5p inhibited GBM cell proliferation and invasion by targeting HMOX1. HMOX1 promoted SPOP expression by increasing HIF1α expression, thus stimulating GBM cell malignant phenotypes. miR-873-5p suppressed the malignant phenotypes of GBM cells and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the HMOX1/HIF1α/SPOP signaling axis. This study uncovers a novel miR-873-5p/HMOX1/HIF1α/SPOP axis in GBM, providing new insights into GBM progression and therapeutic targets for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Fangkun Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinqiu Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xinning Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Jianan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Guobiao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Shenyang 110000, China
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Zhang R, Zeng M, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Lv N, Wang L, Gan J, Li Y, Jiang X, Yang L. Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer's Disease: Saponins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10505. [PMID: 37445682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug development for Alzheimer's disease, the leading cause of dementia, has been a long-standing challenge. Saponins, which are steroid or triterpenoid glycosides with various pharmacological activities, have displayed therapeutic potential in treating Alzheimer's disease. In a comprehensive review of the literature from May 2007 to May 2023, we identified 63 references involving 40 different types of saponins that have been studied for their effects on Alzheimer's disease. These studies suggest that saponins have the potential to ameliorate Alzheimer's disease by reducing amyloid beta peptide deposition, inhibiting tau phosphorylation, modulating oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, and antiapoptosis. Most intriguingly, ginsenoside Rg1 and pseudoginsenoside-F11 possess these important pharmacological properties and show the best promise for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides a summary and classification of common saponins that have been studied for their therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease, showcasing their underlying mechanisms. This highlights the promising potential of saponins for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Miao Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Nuan Lv
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Luming Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yawen Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Fu J, Song W, Song X, Fang L, Wang X, Leng Y, Wang J, Liu C, Min W. Synergistic Effect of Combined Walnut Peptide and Ginseng Extracts on Memory Improvement in C57BL/6 Mice and Potential Mechanism Exploration. Foods 2023; 12:2329. [PMID: 37372540 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate whether there are synergistic effects between walnut peptide (WNP) and ginseng extracts (GSE) treatments to ameliorate the memory impairment caused by scopolamine (SCOP). The Morris water maze trial, hippocampal neuron morphology, neurotransmitters, and synaptic ultrastructure were examined, along with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-related signaling pathway proteins. The results of the Morris water maze trial demonstrated that the combined administration of WNP and GSE effectively alleviated memory impairment in C57BL/6 rats caused by SCOP. Improvement in the morphology of hippocampal neurons, dendritic spines, and synaptic plasticity and upregulation of neurotransmitters AChE, ACh, ChAT, Glu, DA, and 5-HT supported the memory improvement effects of WNP + GSE. In addition, compared with the model group, WNP + GSE significantly enhanced the protein levels of VAChT, Trx-1, and the CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway in hippocampal and PC12 cells induced by SCOP (p < 0.05). Notably, WNP + GSE boosted memory via multiple pathways, not only the BDNF/TrkB/CREB target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wentian Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaobing Song
- Zhongke Special Food Institute, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Li Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiyan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yue Leng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
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Wu ZD, Feng Y, Ma ZX, Liu Z, Xiong HH, Zhou ZP, Ouyang LS, Xie FK, Tang YM. MicroRNAs: protective regulators for neuron growth and development. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:734-745. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.353481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Cai Z, Liu M, Zeng L, Zhao K, Wang C, Sun T, Li Z, Liu R. Role of traditional Chinese medicine in ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction via non-coding RNA signaling: Implication in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1123188. [PMID: 36937876 PMCID: PMC10014574 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1123188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are common chronic disorders associated with progressive nervous system damage, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, among others. Mitochondria are abundant in various nervous system cells and provide a bulk supply of the adenosine triphosphate necessary for brain function, considered the center of the free-radical theory of aging. One common feature of NDs is mitochondrial dysfunction, which is involved in many physiopathological processes, including apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and calcium homeostasis. Recently, genetic studies revealed extensive links between mitochondrion impairment and dysregulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the pathology of NDs. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been used for thousands of years in treating NDs. Numerous modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of prescription, herbal medicine, bioactive ingredients, and monomer compounds of TCMs, which are important for managing the symptoms of NDs. Some highly effective TCMs exert protective effects on various key pathological features regulated by mitochondria and play a pivotal role in recovering disrupted signaling pathways. These disrupted signaling pathways are induced by abnormally-expressed ncRNAs associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, including microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs. In this review, we first explored the underlying ncRNA mechanisms linking mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration, demonstrating the implication of ncRNA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of NDs. The ncRNA-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions affect mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, autophagy, Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, and downstream apoptosis. The review also discussed the targeting of the disease-related mitochondrial proteins in NDs and the protective effects of TCM formulas with definite composition, standardized extracts from individual TCMs, and monomeric compounds isolated from TCM. Additionally, we explored the ncRNA regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction in NDs and the effects and potential mechanisms of representative TCMs in alleviating mitochondrial pathogenesis and conferring anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic pathways against NDs. Therefore, this review presents an overview of the role of mitochondrion-related ncRNAs and the target genes for TCM-based therapeutic interventions in NDs, providing insight into understanding the "multi-level compound-target-pathway regulatory" treatment mechanism of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rui Liu
- *Correspondence: Zhuorong Li, ; Rui Liu,
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Dong X, Nao J. Relationship between the therapeutic potential of various plant-derived bioactive compounds and their related microRNAs in neurological disorders. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154501. [PMID: 36368284 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological disorders, such as ischemic stroke, spinal cord injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and glioblastoma often lead to long-term disability and death. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded non-coding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides, known to participate in both normal and pathological development, making them ideal therapeutic targets for clinical intervention. Several recent studies have suggested that plant-derived bioactive compounds (PDBCs) can have anti-atherosclerosis, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects by regulating miRNAs. Thus, miRNAs are novel targets for the action of PDBCs. PURPOSE The aim of this review was to evaluate the current status of PDBCs targeted miRNAs by dissecting their development status through a literature review. METHODS A manual and electronic search was performed for English articles available from inception up to June 2022 reporting PDBCs and their regulating relationship with miRNAs for the therapeutic potential of neurological disorders. Information was retrieved from scientific databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Chemical Abstracts Services. Keywords used for the search engines were "miRNAs" AND "Plant-derived bioactive compounds" in conjunction with "(native weeds OR alien invasive)" AND "traditional herbal medicine". RESULTS A total of 37 articles were retrieved on PDBCs and their related miRNAs in neurological disorders. These PDBCs from traditional herbal medicine may play a therapeutic role in neurological disorders in a variety of mechanisms by regulating the corresponding miRNAs. These mechanisms mainly include inhibiting oxidative stress, anti-neuroinflammation, anti-autophagy, and anti-apoptosis. PDBC are a group of chemically distinct compounds derived from medicinal plants, some of which have therapeutic effects on neurological disorders. CONCLUSION The emergence of miRNAs as pathological regulatory factors provides a new direction for the study of bioactive compounds in Traditional Chinese medicine and the elucidating of their epigenetic effects. Elucidating the regulatory relationship between bioactive compounds and miRNAs may help to identify new therapeutic targets and promoting the application of these compounds in precision medicine through their targeted molecular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Jianfei Nao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China.
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Wu F, Lai S, Feng H, Liu J, Fu D, Wang C, Wang C, Liu J, Li Z, Li P. Protective Effects of Protopanaxatriol Saponins on Ulcerative Colitis in Mouse Based on UPLC-Q/TOF-MS Serum and Colon Metabolomics. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238346. [PMID: 36500439 PMCID: PMC9738265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, nonspecific inflammation of the bowel that mainly affects the mucosa and submucosa of the rectum and colon. Ginsenosides are the main active ingredients in ginseng and show many therapeutic effects in anti-inflammatory diseases, cancer, and nervous system regulation. Protopanaxatriol saponin (PTS) is an important part of saponins, and there is no research on its pharmacological effects on colitis. In this study, a model of ulcerative colitis in mice was induced by having mice freely drink 3.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) solution, and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-based metabolomics methods were applied to explore the therapeutic effect and protective mechanism of PTS for treating UC. The results showed that PTS could significantly prevent colon shortening and pathological damage and alleviate abnormal changes in UC mouse physiological and biochemical parameters. Moreover, PTS intervention regulated proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 in serum, and MPO and NO in colon. Interestingly, PTS could significantly inhibit UC mouse metabolic dysfunction by reversing abnormal changes in 29 metabolites and regulating eleven metabolic pathways. PTS has potential application in the treatment of UC and could alleviate UC in mice by affecting riboflavin metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, retinol metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis and by regulating pentose and glucuronate conversion, linoleic acid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism, which points at a direction for further research and for the development of PTS as a novel natural agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Sihan Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hao Feng
- College of Basic Medicine Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Juntong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dongxing Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Cuizhu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (P.L.); Tel.: +86-0431-8561-9803 (P.L.)
| | - Pingya Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (P.L.); Tel.: +86-0431-8561-9803 (P.L.)
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Ginsenoside and Its Therapeutic Potential for Cognitive Impairment. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091310. [PMID: 36139149 PMCID: PMC9496100 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) is one of the major clinical features of many neurodegenerative diseases. It can be aging-related or even appear in non-central nerve system (CNS) diseases. CI has a wide spectrum that ranges from the cognitive complaint with normal screening tests to mild CI and, at its end, dementia. Ginsenosides, agents extracted from a key Chinese herbal medicine (ginseng), show great promise as a new therapeutic option for treating CI. This review covered both clinical trials and preclinical studies to summarize the possible mechanisms of how ginsenosides affect CI in different diseases. It shows that ginsenosides can modulate signaling pathways associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis. The involved signaling pathways mainly include the PI3K/Akt, CREB/BDNF, Keap1/Nrf2 signaling, and NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. We hope to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of CI for related diseases by ginsenosides.
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Ghiam S, Eslahchi C, Shahpasand K, Habibi-Rezaei M, Gharaghani S. Exploring the role of non-coding RNAs as potential candidate biomarkers in the cross-talk between diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:955461. [PMID: 36092798 PMCID: PMC9451601 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.955461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent research has investigated the connection between Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Insulin resistance plays a crucial role in this interaction. Studies have focused on dysregulated proteins to disrupt this connection. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), on the other hand, play an important role in the development of many diseases. They encode the majority of the human genome and regulate gene expression through a variety of mechanisms. Consequently, identifying significant ncRNAs and utilizing them as biomarkers could facilitate the early detection of this cross-talk. On the other hand, computational-based methods may help to understand the possible relationships between different molecules and conduct future wet laboratory experiments. Materials and methods In this study, we retrieved Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS, 2008) results from the United Kingdom Biobank database using the keywords “Alzheimer’s” and “Diabetes Mellitus.” After excluding low confidence variants, statistical analysis was performed, and adjusted p-values were determined. Using the Linkage Disequilibrium method, 127 significant shared Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) were chosen and the SNP-SNP interaction network was built. From this network, dense subgraphs were extracted as signatures. By mapping each signature to the reference genome, genes associated with the selected SNPs were retrieved. Then, protein-microRNA (miRNA) and miRNA-long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) bipartite networks were built and significant ncRNAs were extracted. After the validation process, by applying the scoring function, the final protein-miRNA-lncRNA tripartite network was constructed, and significant miRNAs and lncRNAs were identified. Results Hsa-miR-199a-5p, hsa-miR-199b-5p, hsa-miR-423-5p, and hsa-miR-3184-5p, the four most significant miRNAs, as well as NEAT1, XIST, and KCNQ1OT1, the three most important lncRNAs, and their interacting proteins in the final tripartite network, have been proposed as new candidate biomarkers in the cross-talk between DM and AD. The literature review also validates the obtained ncRNAs. In addition, miRNA/lncRNA pairs; hsa-miR-124-3p/KCNQ1OT1, hsa-miR-124-3p/NEAT1, and hsa-miR-124-3p/XIST, all expressed in the brain, and their interacting proteins in our final network are suggested for future research investigation. Conclusion This study identified 127 shared SNPs, 7 proteins, 15 miRNAs, and 11 lncRNAs involved in the cross-talk between DM and AD. Different network analysis and scoring function suggested the most significant miRNAs and lncRNAs as potential candidate biomarkers for wet laboratory experiments. Considering these candidate biomarkers may help in the early detection of DM and AD co-occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoofeh Ghiam
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Drug Design, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Changiz Eslahchi
- Department of Computer and Data Sciences, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Shahid-Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
- Changiz Eslahchi,
| | - Koorosh Shahpasand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology (RI-SCBT), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Habibi-Rezaei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Gharaghani
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Drug Design, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Sajjad Gharaghani,
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New Therapeutic Approaches to and Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Rg1 against Neurological Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162529. [PMID: 36010610 PMCID: PMC9406801 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), stroke, cerebral infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, depression and, stress, have high incidence and morbidity and often lead to disability. However, there is no particularly effective medication against them. Therefore, finding drugs with a suitable efficacy, low toxicity and manageable effects to improve the quality of life of patients is an urgent problem. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is the main active component of ginseng and has a variety of pharmacological effects. In this review, we focused on the therapeutic potential of Rg1 for improving neurological diseases. We introduce the mechanisms of Ginsenoside Rg1 in neurological diseases, including apoptosis, neuroinflammation, the microRNA (miRNA) family, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, oxidative stress, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and learning and memory of Rg1 in neurological diseases. In addition, Rg1 can also improve neurological diseases through the interaction of different signal pathways. The purpose of this review is to explore more in-depth ideas for the clinical treatment of neurological diseases (including PD, AD, HD, stroke, cerebral infarction, ischemia–reperfusion injury, depression, and stress). Therefore, Rg1 is expected to become a new therapeutic method for the clinical treatment of neurological diseases.
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Effects of Catalpol on Alzheimer's Disease and Its Mechanisms. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2794243. [PMID: 35815283 PMCID: PMC9262514 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2794243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. With the increasing aging of the population, the incidence of AD and the number of patients are also increasing year by year, causing more and more heavy burdens to the family and society. Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside compound, is one of the main active components of Rehmannia glutinosa. At present, a large number of experimental studies in vivo and in vitro have confirmed that catalpol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and other neuroprotective effects, and it plays a significant role in the prevention and treatment of AD, with very small side effects and high safety. Therefore, it may be an ideal drug for the treatment of AD. Based on this, the role and mechanism of catalpol in AD will be comprehensively reviewed in the following.
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Protective role of trametenolic acid B against sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairments by its different regulatory modalities of mir-329-3p in neurons and microglia. Mol Med 2022; 28:77. [PMID: 35786376 PMCID: PMC9252036 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative cognitive dysfunction induced by anesthetics commonly occurs in elderly patients. This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of trametenolic acid B (TAB) in sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairments, and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Animal and cell experiments were performed in rats, differentiated PC12 and HAPI cells by exposing to 2% sevoflurane for 5 h. Different concentration (20, 40 and 80 µg/mL) of TAB was administrated in rats and cells. The cognitive function of rats was evaluated using the Morris water maze test and fear conditioning test. The cell proliferation and apoptosis were investigated using a CCK-8 assay and the flow cytometry. Pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglia were measured using ELISA kits. A miRNA microarray assay was conducted to screen differentially expressed miRNAs by TAB in both PC12 and HAPI cells. The luciferase reporter assay and western blot assay were used to assess the E2F1/CCNA2 and NF-κB pathways. RESULTS TAB significantly alleviated sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairments in rats, improved PC12 cell viability, and inhibited the neuroinflammation of HAPI cells. miR-329-3p was downregulated in PC12 cells but upregulated in HAPI cells by TAB treatment, which mediated the effects of TAB on neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation. E2F1 and NF-κB P65 were two targets of miR-329-3p, and the E2F1/CCNA2 and NF-κB pathways were inhibited by miR-329-3p in PC12 and HAPI cells, respectively. CONCLUSIONS All the results provide evidence for the protective role of TAB against sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairments, which was achieved by alleviating neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation through differentially regulating miR-329-3p in neurons and microglia.
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Yang Y, Wang L, Zhang C, Guo Y, Li J, Wu C, Jiao J, Zheng H. Ginsenoside Rg1 improves Alzheimer's disease by regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation through Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 99:884-896. [PMID: 35313087 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that can cause cognitive impairment. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) has a significant neuroprotective effect on animals with memory impairment. However, the mechanism of how Rg1 mediates the Wnt signaling pathway and improves cognitive function by regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation is still unclear. In this study, the spatial memory ability of tree shrews was tested by Morris water maze, the expression levels of amyloid protein (Aβ1-42), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (iba-1), nitrotyrosine (NT), and 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OHG) were detected by immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, the activity of catalase (CAT) and the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was, respectively, measured by the ammonium molybdate method and the 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid). Furthermore, the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was determined by the thiobarbituric acid test. Finally, the expression levels of Beta-secretase (BACE1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), BCL2-Associated X (Bax), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), caspase-anti-apoptotic factor Cleaved-caspase-3 (Caspase-3), microtubule-associated proteins 2 (MAP2), Neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN), as well as the phosphorylation of GSK-3β and β-catenin were detected by Western blot. This study implied that Rg1 reduced the phosphorylation of Tau protein, the deposition of Aβ1-42, and the expression of BACE1. It also showed that Rg1 increased the antioxidant activity of SOD, CAT, GPx, and instead reduced the oxidation products of NT, 8-OHG, and MDA, as wells as the inflammatory factor interleukin-1 and iba-1. It further showed that Rg1 increased the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax and expression of neuronal markers MAP2 and NeuN, but instead reduced the expression of Caspase-3, GSK-3β, and β-catenin. In conclusion, by regulating the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, Rg1 of moderate and high dose could alleviate oxidative stress damage, improve neuroinflammation, protect neurons, finally improve the cognitive impairment of the AD tree shrew. This study provides theoretical basis for the Rg1 clinical application in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Limei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Caijun Zhang
- Experiment Center of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuqian Guo
- Affiliated Hospital of Medical Sergeant School, Army Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jintao Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Ion Medical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Jianlin Jiao
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Wu YH, Hsieh HL. Roles of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Neuroinflammation and Brain Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050923. [PMID: 35624787 PMCID: PMC9137505 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme oxygenase (HO) system is believed to be a crucial mechanism for the nervous system under stress conditions. HO degrades heme to carbon monoxide, iron, and biliverdin. These heme degradation products are involved in modulating cellular redox homeostasis. The first identified isoform of the HO system, HO-1, is an inducible protein that is highly expressed in peripheral organs and barely detectable in the brain under normal conditions, whereas HO-2 is a constitutive protein that is highly expressed in the brain. Several lines of evidence indicate that HO-1 dysregulation is associated with brain inflammation and neurodegeneration, including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. In this review, we summarize the essential roles that the HO system plays in ensuring brain health and the molecular mechanism through which HO-1 dysfunction leads to neurodegenerative diseases and disruption of nervous system homeostasis. We also provide a summary of the herbal medicines involved in the regulation of HO-1 expression and explore the current situation regarding herbal remedies and brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Hsi-Lung Hsieh
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-211-8999 (ext. 5421)
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Applications of Phyto-Nanotechnology for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030804. [PMID: 35160749 PMCID: PMC8837051 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The strategies involved in the development of therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders are very complex and challenging due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a closely spaced network of blood vessels and endothelial cells that functions to prevent the entry of unwanted substances in the brain. The emergence and advancement of nanotechnology shows favourable prospects to overcome this phenomenon. Engineered nanoparticles conjugated with drug moieties and imaging agents that have dimensions between 1 and 100 nm could potentially be used to ensure enhanced efficacy, cellular uptake, specific transport, and delivery of specific molecules to the brain, owing to their modified physico-chemical features. The conjugates of nanoparticles and medicinal plants, or their components known as nano phytomedicine, have been gaining significance lately in the development of novel neuro-therapeutics owing to their natural abundance, promising targeted delivery to the brain, and lesser potential to show adverse effects. In the present review, the promising application, and recent trends of combined nanotechnology and phytomedicine for the treatment of neurological disorders (ND) as compared to conventional therapies, have been addressed. Nanotechnology-based efforts performed in bioinformatics for early diagnosis as well as futuristic precision medicine in ND have also been discussed in the context of computational approach.
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Sundaramoorthy TH, Castanho I. The Neuroepigenetic Landscape of Vertebrate and Invertebrate Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Epigenet Insights 2022; 15:25168657221135848. [PMID: 36353727 PMCID: PMC9638687 DOI: 10.1177/25168657221135848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate and invertebrate models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, have been paramount to our understanding of the pathophysiology of these conditions; however, the brain epigenetic landscape is less well established in these disease models. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs are among commonly studied mechanisms of epigenetic regulation. Genome-wide studies and candidate studies of specific methylation marks, histone marks, and microRNAs have demonstrated the dysregulation of these mechanisms in models of neurodegenerative diseases; however, the studies to date are scarce and inconclusive and the implications of many of these changes are still not fully understood. In this review, we summarize epigenetic changes reported to date in the brain of vertebrate and invertebrate models used to study neurodegenerative diseases, specifically diseases affecting the aging population. We also discuss caveats of epigenetic research so far and the use of disease models to understand neurodegenerative diseases, with the aim of improving the use of model organisms in this context in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Castanho
- University of Exeter Medical School,
University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,
Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
- Isabel Castanho, University of Exeter
Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK. Emails:
;
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22
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Chen Q, Lin L, Xiong B, Yang W, Huang J, Shi H, Wang Z. MiR-873-5p targets THUMPD1 to inhibit gastric cancer cell behavior and chemoresistance. J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 12:2061-2072. [PMID: 34790374 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-21-641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal tumors. Evidence has pointed to the fact that miRNAs play critical roles in the occurrence, development, and metastasis of gastric cancer by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and invasion. Methods In this study, first the relationship of miR-873-5p level and tissues types/LN(+/-)/metastasis(+/-)/tumor size was analysis, respectively. Second, the CCK8 and Transwell assay was used to determine the proliferation, invasion and migration of GC cells transfected with overexpression-/low expression-miR-873-5p. Third, the cell viability were analysis in the GC cells transfected with overexpression-/low expression-miR-873-5p treatment with different chemotherapy drugs. Fourth, the target gene of miR-873-5p was predicted using bioinformation methods. Fifth, the relationship of miR-873-5p with target gene-THUMPD1 were explored by using Wb and luciferase activity assay, et al. Results We confirmed that miR-873-5p was negatively correlated with GC including tumor size, LN metastasis, distant metastasis. The miR-873-5p enhanced the sensitivity of Doxorubicin/Fluorouracil and cisplatin. The THUMPD1 was the target gene of miR-873-5p. Moreover, miR-873-5p could target the THUMPD1 axis so as to inhibit gastric cancer cell behavior as well as chemoresistance. Conclusions MiR-873-5p plays a role in regulating cell behavior as well as regulating chemoresistance in gastric cancer. In addition, THUMPD1, as a downstream molecule of miR-873-5p, plays an important role in the cell behavior and chemoresistance of gastric cancer. The research first confirmed that miR-873-5p could inhibit gastric cancer cell behavior and chemoresistance by targeting the THUMPD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggui Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Boliang Xiong
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- Department of Pathology, Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Junli Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huibo Shi
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenfa Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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23
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Hyun TK. A recent overview on ginsenosides as microRNA modulators in the treatment of human diseases. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:1453-1457. [PMID: 34737687 PMCID: PMC8564905 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kyung Hyun
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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Zhao X, Yang L, Qin L. Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) attenuates cardiomyocyte apoptosis with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury through miR-25-3p and miR-873-5p. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:992. [PMID: 34553450 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) mediated N6 -methyladenosine (m6A) promotes microRNAs (miRNAs) maturation by processing the primary miRNAs, and METTL3 involves in regulating the development of various diseases, including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, up until now, the association between METTL3 regulated miRNAs and I/R injury is not fully investigated, which makes investigations on this academic issue necessary. In this study, we showed that METTL3 was downregulated in mice I/R myocardial tissues and hypoxic/re-oxygenated (H/R) cardiomyocytes, and upregulation of METTL3 attenuated I/R and H/R-induced cell apoptosis. In addition, we screened out that two miRNAs, including miR-25-3p and miR-873-5p, were positively regulated by METTL3 in cardiomyocytes in a DGCR8-dependent manner. In addition, both miR-25-3p and miR-873-5p were significantly downregulated by I/R and H/R treatments in mice tissues and cardiomyocytes, and overexpression of the above two miRNAs were effective to improve cell viability in cardiomyocytes under H/R stress. Next, we evidenced that METTL3 suppressed H/R-induced cell death via upregulating miR-25-3p and miR-873-5p. Finally, the potential downstream mechanisms were investigated, and we expectedly found that METTL3 activated the PI3K/Akt pathway in H/R-treated cardiomyocytes through modulating miR-25-3p and miR-873-5p, and the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor (LY294002) abrogated the protective effects of METTL3 overexpression in cardiomyocytes with H/R treatment. Collectively, we concluded that METTL3 upregulated miR-25-3p and miR-873-5p to activate the PI3K/Akt pathway, resulting in the suppression of I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Emergency, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lijie Qin
- Department of Emergency, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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25
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Hu Y, Wu L, Jiang L, Liang N, Zhu X, He Q, Qin H, Chen W. Notoginsenoside R2 reduces A β25-35-induced neuronal apoptosis and inflammation via miR-27a/SOX8/ β-catenin axis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S347-S358. [PMID: 34533063 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211041996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has affected numerous elderly individuals worldwide. Panax notoginseng has been shown to ameliorate AD symptoms, and notoginsenoside R2 is a key saponin identified in this plant. Purpose: In the current study, we aimed to explore whether notoginsenoside R2 could improve the prognosis of AD. Methods: Herein, primary rat cortical neurons were isolated and they were treated with amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) 25-35 oligomers. Cellular apoptosis was examined via flow cytometry and Western blotting. miR-27a and SOX8 mRNA expression levels were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the interaction between miR-27a and SOX8 was investigated by utilizing a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Finally, an AD mouse model was established to validate the in vitro findings. Results: Notoginsenoside R2 alleviated Aβ25-35-triggered neuronal apoptosis and inflammation. During this process, miR-27a expression was decreased by notoginsenoside R2, and miR-27a negatively modulated SOX8 expression. Furthermore, activation of SOX8 upregulated β-catenin expression, thus suppressing apoptosis and neuroinflammation. Conclusions: Our animal experiments revealed that notoginsenoside R2 enhanced the cognitive function of AD mice and inhibited neuronal apoptosis. Notoginsenoside R2 ameliorated AD symptoms by reducing neuronal apoptosis and inflammation, thus suggesting a novel direction for AD pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqiang Hu
- Department of Neurology, 118330The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Neurology, 118330The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Scientific Laboratorial Centre, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Lingfei Jiang
- Graduate College of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Ni Liang
- Department of Neurology, 118330The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhu
- Graduate College of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Qianchao He
- Department of Neurology, 118330The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Hongling Qin
- Department of Neurology, 118330The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology, 118330The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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26
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Wang W, Ha L, Li X, Zheng W, Yang E. Pharmacokinetic and metabolism study of ginsenoside Rb2 in rat by liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5191. [PMID: 34110039 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a simple and rapid ultra-fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated to determine ginsenosides Rb2 in rat plasma. Acetonitrile-mediated protein precipitant was applied to the sample preparation. Chromatographic separation was carried out on an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm). The analytes were monitored using multiple reactions monitoring mode with precursor-to-product ion transitions at m/z 1077.4-945.3 and m/z 799.8 → 637.8 for ginsenoside Rb2 and internal standard, respectively. The mobile phase was composed of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile. The assay showed excellent linearity over the concentration range of 2-1,000 ng/ml, with correlation coefficient >0.995. The method was further validated for selectivity, precision, accuracy, recovery, and stability according to the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. The validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies of ginsenoside Rb2 in rat plasma. Based on the pharmacokinetic results, ginsenoside Rb2 showed slow clearance and low oral bioavailability (0.15%). In addition, the metabolites of ginsenoside Rb2 in rat urine and feces were characterized according to their accurate masses and fragment ions. The proposed metabolic pathway was deglycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Ha
- Department of Pharmacy, First Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, First Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weiwan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, First Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Encheng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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27
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Li J, Huang Q, Chen J, Qi H, Liu J, Chen Z, Zhao D, Wang Z, Li X. Neuroprotective Potentials of Panax Ginseng Against Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidences. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:688490. [PMID: 34149431 PMCID: PMC8206566 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.688490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is a major health concern in the increasingly aged population worldwide. Currently, no clinically effective drug can halt the progression of AD. Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. is a well-known medicinal plant that contains ginsenosides, gintonin, and other components and has neuroprotective effects against a series of pathological cascades in AD, including beta-amyloid formation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the effects and mechanisms of these major components and formulas containing P. ginseng in neuronal cells and animal models. Moreover, clinical findings regarding the prevention and treatment of AD with P. ginseng or its formulas are discussed. This review can provide new insights into the possible use of ginseng in the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qingxia Huang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jinjin Chen
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Chen
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Scientific Research, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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28
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Ma C, Lin Q, Xue Y, Ju Z, Deng G, Liu W, Sun Y, Guan H, Cheng X, Wang C. Pharmacokinetic studies of ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5 in rats by UFLC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5108. [PMID: 33650162 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A rapid ultra-fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to determine ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5, a pair of isomers, in rat plasma, which was successfully applied to their pharmacokinetic studies. Two ginsenosides were given to male Sprague-Dawley rats via intragastrical and intravenous routes, respectively, and the impact of double bond position on the pharmacokinetic features of the two ginsenosides was elucidated in rats. Ginsenoside Rg3 was used as internal standard and ethyl acetate was applied to extract analytes and internal standard. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a reverse-phase UPLC HSS T3 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm). The flow rate was set to 0.4 ml/min. The fragmentation transition was m/z 765.4 → m/z 101.1 for two ginsenosides. The mobile phases were composed of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile. The linear range was 2-1,000 ng/ml for the two ginsenosides. Intra- and inter-day precisions were <11.67%, and accuracy fluctuated from -7.44 to 6.78%. The extraction recovery, matrix effect and stability were within acceptable levels. After treatment with ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5, some differences were found in their pharmacokinetic profiles in rats. The maximum plasma drug concentration and the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve of ginsenoside Rg5 were about 5 times bigger than those of ginsenoside Rk1 after oral administration, and 3 times higher after intravenous administration. The oral bioavailabilities of ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5 were 0.67 and 0.97%, respectively. The results indicated that ∆20(22) -ginsenosides showed better pharmacokinetic features than ∆20(21) -ginsenosides with the same glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyan Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafu Xue
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengcai Ju
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Huida Guan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
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29
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Liu N, Sun H, Li X, Cao W, Peng A, Dong S, Yu Z. Downregulation of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 relieves traumatic brain injury induced neurological deficits via promoting "M2" microglia polarization. Brain Res Bull 2021; 171:91-102. [PMID: 33713751 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia-induced neuroinflammation is one of the main characteristics of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Presently, we aim to investigate the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) KCNQ1 overlapping transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) in TBI-induced neurological deficits and the related mechanism. METHODS An in-vivo TBI model was established in mice, and in-vitro experiments were carried out on BV2 microglia. Then the neurological functions, microglial activation, inflammatory cytokines, and proteins were detected. RESULTS Our data indicated that KCNQ1OT1 was markedly overexpressed in the cerebral tissues of TBI mice, accompanied by a higher level of the cytokines (including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα). However, knocking down KCNQ1OT1 relieved neurological deficits, neuron loss, and blood-brain barrier damage. Besides, overexpressing miR-873-5p enhanced the "M2″ polarization of microglia by repressing the TRAF6-mediated p38 and NF-κB pathways. In contrast, downregulating KCNQ1OT1 repressed microglial neuroinflammation by attenuating the "M1″ polarization of microglia and promoting "M2″ polarization of microglia, and inactivating the p38 and NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSIONS Mechanistically, KCNQ1OT1 functioned as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR-873-5p, which targeted the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of TRAF6. Overall, our data confirmed that downregulating lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 exerted neuroprotective effects on TBI mice by modulating the miR-873-5p-TRAF6-p38/NF-κB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Jilin Provincial FAW General Hospital, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Xuezhong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aini Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suyan Dong
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhixin Yu
- ICU, The First People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu, China
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30
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Liang HY, Zhang PP, Zhang XL, Zheng YY, Huang YR, Zheng GQ, Lin Y. Preclinical systematic review of ginsenoside Rg1 for cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7549-7569. [PMID: 33686024 PMCID: PMC7993717 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng has been used for the treatment of aging and memory impairment for thousands of years. Several studies have found that ginsenoside Rg1, as one of the main active components of ginseng, could potentially improve cognitive function in several different animal models. A preclinical systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 for ameliorating cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease is reported here. We searched six databases from their inceptions to January 2019. Thirty-two studies were selected, which included a total of 1,643 animals. According to various cognitive behavioral tests, the results of the meta-analyses showed that ginsenoside Rg1 significantly improved cognitive behavioral impairments in most Alzheimer's disease models (P < 0.05), but there were no significant effects in animals with neuronal degeneration induced by chronic stress or in SAMP8 transgenic mice. The potential mechanisms included antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, amelioration of Alzheimer's disease-related pathology, synapse protection, and up-regulation of nerve cells via multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yong Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Pei-Pei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xi-Le Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yan-Ran Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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31
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Wang L, Lu J, Zeng Y, Guo Y, Wu C, Zhao H, Zheng H, Jiao J. Improving Alzheimer's disease by altering gut microbiota in tree shrews with ginsenoside Rg1. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 367:5708937. [PMID: 31950993 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1) has neuroprotective effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD). The occurrence and progression of AD are closely related to gut microbiota. Few studies have learned the direct relationship between GRg1 and gut microbiota. In this study, we found an original way to research this relationship by using GRg1 in the AD model of tree shrews. Morris water maze and immunohistochemistry were performed to test the cognition repairing function of GRg1 by tree shrews and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing was used to explore the composition and abundance of gut microbiota. After GRg1 treatment, the result of Morris water maze showed an improvement in cognitive function, and immunohistochemistry revealed a decrease in tau protein. Moreover, 16SrRNA sequencing results showed the abundances of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were significantly different, and Lactobacillaceae was significantly increased in the GRg1 treatment group. It also showed that the gut microbiome with middle and high doses of GRg1 was close to the normal group. In conclusion, this study suggests that GRg1 at middle and high doses may change the abundance of gut microbiota to improve AD, and thatProteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia are key microbiota. This is the first report that has ever studied the relationship between GRg1 and gut microbiota in tree shrews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wang
- Deparment of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiangli Lu
- Deparment of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yueqin Zeng
- Institute of Molecular Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical Univercity, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuqian Guo
- Deparment of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Deparment of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Deparment of Laboratory Animal Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianlin Jiao
- Technology Transfer Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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32
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Yang C, He X, Zhao J, Huang W. Hepatoprotection by Ginsenoside Rg1 in alcoholic liver disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 92:107327. [PMID: 33412392 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) has caused serious mortality to the world's population. Despite tremendous efforts to reduce disease burden, effective treatments for this disease are still lacking. Ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1) has been reported to be hepatoprotective in several liver injury models. However, therapeutic potential of this drug in AH has not been tested. In this study, using a chronic ethanol-feeding model, we found that ethanol-fed mice presented clinical indicators of liver injury, such as elevated serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (Tbil), as well as development of hepatic steatosis. Upon treatment with G-Rg1, animals showed marked decreases in serum biochemical parameters, as well as improvement in liver histology. Mechanistically, G-Rg1 blocked the induction of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1), and prevented the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondria damage, as well as hepatocellular apoptosis. As a result, NLRP3 inflammasome activation was inhibited, which subsequently suppressed the production of active caspase-1 and inflammatory cytokines. Our data has demonstrated a hepatoprotective role for G-Rg1 in AH, and identified potential drugable pathways to improve disease outcomes. These findings may have significant implications for developing novel therapies for inflammatory liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoqing He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400036, China
| | - Jinqiu Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Wenxiang Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Improta-Caria AC, Nonaka CKV, Cavalcante BRR, De Sousa RAL, Aras Júnior R, Souza BSDF. Modulation of MicroRNAs as a Potential Molecular Mechanism Involved in the Beneficial Actions of Physical Exercise in Alzheimer Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4977. [PMID: 32674523 PMCID: PMC7403962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, affecting middle-aged and elderly individuals worldwide. AD pathophysiology involves the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, along with chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Physical exercise (PE) is a beneficial non-pharmacological strategy and has been described as an ally to combat cognitive decline in individuals with AD. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern the beneficial adaptations induced by PE in AD are not fully elucidated. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, inhibiting or degrading their target mRNAs. MicroRNAs are involved in physiological processes that govern normal brain function and deregulated microRNA profiles are associated with the development and progression of AD. It is also known that PE changes microRNA expression profile in the circulation and in target tissues and organs. Thus, this review aimed to identify the role of deregulated microRNAs in the pathophysiology of AD and explore the possible role of the modulation of microRNAs as a molecular mechanism involved in the beneficial actions of PE in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (A.C.I.-C.); (R.A.J.)
- University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.R.R.C.)
| | - Carolina Kymie Vasques Nonaka
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.R.R.C.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Raphael Ribeiro Cavalcante
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.R.R.C.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Bahia 40110-909, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Physiological Science Multicentric Program, Federal University of Valleys´ Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Minas Gerais 30000-000, Brazil;
| | - Roque Aras Júnior
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (A.C.I.-C.); (R.A.J.)
- University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.R.R.C.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Bahia 40110-909, Brazil
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Bahlakeh G, Gorji A, Soltani H, Ghadiri T. MicroRNA alterations in neuropathologic cognitive disorders with an emphasis on dementia: Lessons from animal models. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:806-823. [PMID: 32602584 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a state of losing or having difficulties in remembering, learning, focusing, or making decisions that impact individual healthy life. Small single-stranded and nonprotein coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) participate actively in regulatory processes, incorporate cognitive signaling pathways, and intensely affect cognitive evolution. miRNAs exert their modification activities through translational or transcriptional processes. Reportedly, cognitive impairment and dementia are rising, especially in developing countries. Herein we provided a brief review of original studies addressing miRNA changes in the most common neurological diseases with a focus on dementia and Alzheimer's disease. It must be noted that an increase in the level of certain miRNAs but a decrease in other ones deteriorate cognitive performance. The current review revealed that induction of miR-214-3p, miR-302, miR-21, miR- 200b/c, miR-207, miR-132, miR-188-3p and 5p, and miR-873 improved cognitive impairment in various cognitive tasks. On the other hand, intentionally lowering the level of miR-34a, miR-124, miR-574, and miR-191a enhanced cognitive function and memory. Synaptic dysfunction is a core cause of cognitive dysfunction; miRNA-34, miRNA-34-c, miRNA-124, miRNA-188-5p, miRNA-210-5p, miRNA-335-3p, and miRNA-134 strongly influence synaptic-related mechanisms. The downregulation of miRNA-132 aggregates both amyloid and tau in tauopathy. Concerning the massive burden of neurological diseases worldwide, the future challenge is the translation of animal model knowledge into the detection of pathophysiological stages of neurocognitive disorders and designing efficient therapeutic strategies. While the delivery procedure of agomir or antagomir miRNAs into the brain is invasive and only applied in animal studies, finding a safe and specific delivery route is a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozal Bahlakeh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Department of Neurology and Institute for Translational Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.,Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Soltani
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Ghadiri
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Wu YY, Kuo HC. Functional roles and networks of non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:49. [PMID: 32264890 PMCID: PMC7140545 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent transcriptome analyses have revealed that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are broadly expressed in mammalian cells and abundant in the CNS, with tissue and cell type-specific expression patterns. Moreover, ncRNAs have been found to intricately and dynamically regulate various signaling pathways in neurodegeneration. As such, some antisense transcripts and microRNAs are known to directly affect neurodegeneration in disease contexts. The functions of ncRNAs in pathogenesis are unique for each disorder, as are the pertinent networks of ncRNA/miRNA/mRNA that mediate these functions. Thus, further understanding of ncRNA biogenesis and effects might aid the discovery of diagnostic biomarkers or development of effective therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review the ncRNAs that have so far been identified in major neurodegenerative disease etiology and the mechanisms that link ncRNAs with disease-specific phenotypes, such as HTT aggregation in HD, α-synuclein in PD, and Aβ plaques and hyperphosphorylated Tau in AD. We also summarize the known lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks that participate in neurodegenerative diseases, and we discuss ncRNA-related treatments shown to delay disease onset and prolong lifespan in rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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36
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MiR-873, as a suppressor in cervical cancer, inhibits cells proliferation, invasion and migration via negatively regulating ULBP2. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:371-382. [PMID: 31902110 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer (CC) remains a large burden in the developing countries. The tumor inhibitory role of miR-873 has been verified in a variety of cancers, however, whether miR-873 has a suppressive effect on CC remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional role of miR-873 in CC, as well as explore the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS The prognostic values of miR-873 were assessed by Kaplan-Meier methods and cox regression models using the data which were downloaded from TCGA database. The expression of miR-873 was measured by RT-qPCR. Cell counting Kit-8, clone formation, and Transwell assays were used to assess the cell viability and metastasis, appropriately. The targeting relationship between miR-873 and ULBP2 was predicted by biological software and confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. Rescue assays were conducted to investigate whether miR-873 affects the phenotype of CC cells via regulating ULBP2. RESULTS We observed that miR-873 was low-expressed in CC. Up-regulation of miR-873 notably restrained the proliferation, invasion and migration of C33a cells. Meanwhile, down-regulation of miR-873 in SiHa cells presented the opposite outcomes. ULBP2 was forecasted and certified as a target of miR-873. The results of rescue assays showed that overexpression of ULBP2 could restore the proliferation and motility of CC cells that inhibited by miR-873. CONCLUSION MiR-873 suppressed the CC cells proliferation, invasion and migration via negatively regulating ULBP2, suggesting that miR-873 could serve as a valuable therapeutic target for CC therapy.
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Hao E, Qin J, Wei W, Miao J, Xie Y, Pan X, Wu H, Xie J, Fan X, Du Z, Hou X, Deng J. Identification and Analysis of Components in Yizhi Granule and Cynomolgus Monkey Plasma after Oral Administration by UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF MS and Their Protective Effects on PC12 Cells. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2020:5165631. [PMID: 32351755 PMCID: PMC7171651 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5165631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Yizhi Granule (YZG) is a health food containing six traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). It improves memory barriers in rat experiments. Here, we describe the first fast and sensitive ultraperformance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF MS) method for analyzing YZG in plasma. We used this technique for studies in cynomolgus monkey plasma. By comparing retention time, MS, and MS/MS data of reference compounds, 70 compounds were detected in YZG. Of these, 63 were identified including 60 saponins, 2 flavones, and 1 methyl ester. There were 33 saponins, 1 flavone, and 1 methyl ester in the plasma. Next, to study the therapeutic properties of YZG, the neuroprotective effect of some of the absorbed components was evaluated using PC12 cell damage caused by the Aβ 25-35 model. The results showed that 9 compounds protect PC12 cells from Aβ 25-35 with cell viability (%) of 111.00 ± 8.12 (G-Rb1), 102.20 ± 4.22 (G-Rb2), 100.34 ± 6.47 (G-Rd), 102.83 ± 2.10 (G-Re), 101.68 ± 7.64 (NG-Fa), 101.19 ± 7.83 (NG-R1), 102.53 ± 0.55 (NG-R2), 106.88 ± 4.95 (gypenoside A), and 103.95 ± 4.11 (gypenoside XLIX), respectively, versus the control group (87.51 ± 6.59). These results can reveal the real pharmacodynamic basis of YZG and provide a theoretical basis for subsequent studies. It can also provide some references for the research of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Guangxi Institue of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Jianfeng Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Jianhua Miao
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Guangxi Institue of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Xianglong Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Hangxuan Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Jinling Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
| | - Xiaosu Fan
- Experimental Center of College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Zhengcai Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Guangxi Institue of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Xiaotao Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Guangxi Institue of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Jiagang Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Guangxi Institue of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
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Nuzziello N, Ciaccia L, Liguori M. Precision Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Some Promising Tips Coming from the microRNAs' World. Cells 2019; 9:E75. [PMID: 31892254 PMCID: PMC7017296 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
: Novel insights in the development of a precision medicine approach for treating the neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are provided by emerging advances in the field of pharmacoepigenomics. In this context, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been extensively studied because of their implication in several disorders related to the central nervous system, as well as for their potential role as biomarkers of diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment. Recent studies in the field of neurodegeneration reported evidence that drug response and efficacy can be modulated by miRNA-mediated mechanisms. In fact, miRNAs seem to regulate the expression of pharmacology target genes, while approved (conventional and non-conventional) therapies can restore altered miRNAs observed in NDDs. The knowledge of miRNA pharmacoepigenomics may offers new clues to develop more effective treatments by providing novel insights into interindividual variability in drug disposition and response. Recently, the therapeutic potential of miRNAs is gaining increasing attention, and miRNA-based drugs (for cancer) have been under observation in clinical trials. However, the effective use of miRNAs as therapeutic target still needs to be investigated. Here, we report a brief review of representative studies in which miRNAs related to therapeutic effects have been investigated in NDDs, providing exciting potential prospects of miRNAs in pharmacoepigenomics and translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Nuzziello
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Bari Unit, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Loredana Ciaccia
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Liguori
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Bari Unit, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Ning J, Jing-Wei L, Hai-Xia W, Hong H, Qiong W, Shan-Guang C, Li-Na Q, Dias ACP, Xin-Min L. Antidepressant-like Effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 in the Chronic Restraint Stress-induced Rat Model. DIGITAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Ashrafizadeh M, Ahmadi Z, Mohammadinejad R, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. MicroRNAs mediate the anti-tumor and protective effects of ginsenosides. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:1264-1275. [PMID: 31608663 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1675722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs(, as short non-coding RNAs, regulate important biological processes and mainly are associated with regulation of gene expression. The miRs are beneficial targets for diagnosis of various disorders, particularly cancer, since their expression profile undergoes alterations in pathological conditions. The numerous drugs have been designed with the capability of targeting miRs for treating pathological conditions. On the other hand, the application of naturally occurring compounds has been increased due to their minimal side effects and valuable biological and therapeutic activities. Ginsenosides are able to act as anti-tumor agents via either increasing or decreasing the expression level of miRs. Ginsenosides affect the expression profile of miRNAs to induce their protective impacts. Angiogenesis as a key factor in the progression of cancer can be suppressed by ginsenosides which is mediated by miR regulation. The aim of this review is to shed some light on the protective and anti-tumor activities of ginsenosides mediated by miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Science, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Zhang Z, Zhang S, Lui CNP, Zhu P, Zhang Z, Lin K, Dai Y, Yung KKL. Traditional Chinese medicine-based neurorestorative therapy for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. JOURNAL OF NEURORESTORATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.26599/jnr.2019.9040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), has been dramatically increasing, particularly in the aging population. However, the currently available therapies merely alleviate the symptoms of these diseases and are unable to retard disease progression significantly. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used in clinical practice for thousands of years for ameliorating symptoms or interfering with the pathogenesis of aging- associated diseases. Modern pharmacological studies have proved that TCM imparts disease-modifying therapeutic effects against these diseases, such as protection of neurons, clearance of protein aggregates, and regulation of neuroinflammation. This review summarizes the evidence from recent studies on AD and PD therapies regarding the neuroprotective activities and molecular mechanisms of a series of TCM formulations comprising herbs and their active ingredients. The findings of this review support the use of TCM as an alternative source of therapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Xiao Q, Zhang S, Yang C, Du R, Zhao J, Li J, Xu Y, Qin Y, Gao Y, Huang W. Ginsenoside Rg1 Ameliorates Palmitic Acid-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Inflammation in HepG2 Cells via the AMPK/NF- κB Pathway. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:7514802. [PMID: 31467529 PMCID: PMC6699274 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7514802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the common diseases in the world, and it can progress from simple lipid accumulation to sustained inflammation. The present study was designed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1) treatment on NAFLD in vitro. HepG2 cells were treated with palmitic acid (PA) to induce steatosis and inflammation and then successively incubated with G-Rg1. Lipids accumulation was analyzed by Oil Red O staining and intracellular triglyceride (TG) quantification. Inflammatory conditions were examined by quantifying the levels of cell supernatant alanine transaminase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) and secretory proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the cell supernatants. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting were used to measure the expressions of genes and proteins associated with lipogenic synthesis and inflammation, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. HepG2 cells were pretreated with an AMPK inhibitor; then, Oil Red O staining and TG quantification were performed to study the lipid deposition. Phospho-AMPK (Thr172) (p-AMPK) and phospho-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Ser79) (p-ACCα) were quantified by immunoblotting. Immunofluorescence was performed to demonstrate the nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65. The present study showed that PA markedly increased the intracellular lipid droplets accumulation and TG levels, but decreased AMPK phosphorylation and the expressions of its downstream lipogenic genes. However, G-Rg1 alleviated hepatic steatosis and reduced the intracellular TG content; these changes were accompanied by the activation of the AMPK pathway. In addition, blocking AMPK by using the AMPK inhibitor markedly abolished the G-Rg1-mediated protection against PA-induced lipid deposition in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, G-Rg1 reduced the ALT/AST levels and proinflammatory cytokines release, which were all enhanced by PA. These effects were correlated with the inactivation of the NF-κB pathway and translocation of P65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Overall, these results suggest that G-Rg1 effectively ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation, which might be associated with the AMPK/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruoyang Du
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinqiu Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajun Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yashu Xu
- Department of General Medicine, People's Hospital of Chongqing Bishan District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenxiang Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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