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Improta-Caria AC, Rodrigues LF, Joaquim VHA, De Sousa RAL, Fernandes T, Oliveira EM. MicroRNAs regulating signaling pathways in cardiac fibrosis: potential role of the exercise training. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H497-H510. [PMID: 38063810 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00410.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and obesity develop long-term fibrotic processes in the heart, promoting pathological cardiac remodeling, including after myocardial infarction, reparative fibrotic processes also occur. These processes are regulated by many intracellular signaling pathways that have not yet been completely elucidated, including those associated with microRNA (miRNA) expression. miRNAs are small RNA transcripts (18-25 nucleotides in length) that act as posttranscriptionally regulators of gene expression, inhibiting or degrading one or more target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and proven to be involved in many biological processes such as cell cycle, differentiation, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, directly affecting the pathophysiology of several diseases, including cardiac fibrosis. Exercise training can modulate the expression of miRNAs and it is known to be beneficial in various cardiovascular diseases, attenuating cardiac fibrosis processes. However, the signaling pathways modulated by the exercise associated with miRNAs in cardiac fibrosis were not fully understood. Thus, this review aims to analyze the expression of miRNAs that modulate signaling pathways in cardiac fibrosis processes that can be regulated by exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, Physical Education and Sport School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, Physical Education and Sport School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Antonio Joaquim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, Physical Education and Sport School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, Physical Education and Sport School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, Physical Education and Sport School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
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Ferreira Mendes B, Improta-Caria AC, Diniz E Magalhães CO, Dias Peixoto MF, Cardoso Cassilhas R, Menezes de Oliveira E, Leoni De Sousa RA. Resistance Training Reduces Blood Pressure Putative Molecular Mechanisms. Curr Hypertens Rev 2024; 20:CHYR-EPUB-137633. [PMID: 38258772 DOI: 10.2174/0115734021277791240102041632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is a multifactorial clinical condition characterized by higher blood pressure levels. The main treatment for controlling high blood pressure consists of drug therapy, but the scientific literature has been pointing to the efficiency of aerobic and resistance exercises acting in a therapeutic and/or preventive way to reduce and control the blood pressure levels. Resistance training is characterized by sets and repetitions on a given muscle segment that uses overload, such as machine weights, bars, and dumbbells. As it successfully affects a number of variables associated to practitioners' functional and physiological features as well as emotional and social variables, resistance training has been a crucial part of physical exercise programs. Several reports highlight the various adaptive responses it provides, with a focus on the improvement in strength, balance, and muscular endurance that enables a more active and healthy lifestyle. Resistance training programs that are acute, sub-chronic, or chronic can help people with varying ages, conditions, and pathologies reduce their arterial hypertension. However, molecular mechanisms associated with resistance training to reduce blood pressure still need to be better understood. Thus, we aimed to understand the main effects of resistance training on blood pressure as well as the associated molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ferreira Mendes
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology. Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Caique Olegário Diniz E Magalhães
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology. Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabricio Dias Peixoto
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology. Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology. Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology. Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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3
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Oliveira AR, de Jesus PAP, de Bulhões FV, Martins E, Oliveira J, Roever L, Improta-Caria AC, Aras R. Morbimortality and determinants of reperfusion in ischemic stroke. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2023; 70:e20230472. [PMID: 38126448 PMCID: PMC10729669 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20230472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrovascular accident (or stroke) and ischemic heart disease are the the major causes of death in the world. It is estimated that about 85% of strokes are ischemic in origin. Reperfusion therapy in the acute phase of ischemic stroke with a recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator is effective, but some factors influence the success of this treatment. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical aspects and possible determinants for reperfusion after venous thrombolysis. METHODS This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study based on a review of hospital records of inpatients diagnosed with ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis, the main outcome being reperfusion or not. RESULTS Data from this study revealed a predominance of females in the group of reperfused patients and males in the non-reperfused group, both maintaining moderate severity on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and admission without statistical significance (p>0.18). In addition, the mean admission severity score was 13.2 for the group of reperfused patients and 14.2 for those not reperfused, and the mean ejection fraction of both groups was within normal functionality, with a mean of 0.50 for reperfused patients and 0.62 for non-reperfused patients. CONCLUSION We found an association between successful venous chemical thrombolysis reperfusion and lower mortality in patients with acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ribeiro Oliveira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health – Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Vieira de Bulhões
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health – Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Eduardo Martins
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health – Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Jamary Oliveira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health – Salvador (BA), Brazil
- Roberto Santos General Hospital, Neurology Service – Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Leonardo Roever
- Lebanese American University, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine – Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Roque Aras
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health – Salvador (BA), Brazil
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4
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Roever L, Cavalcante BRR, Improta-Caria AC. Long-term consequences of COVID-19 on mental health and the impact of a physically active lifestyle: a narrative review. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2023; 22:19. [PMID: 37170283 PMCID: PMC10174610 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-023-00448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Respiratory viruses damage not only the upper respiratory tract in humans, but also several different organs such as the brain. Some of the neurological consequences of COVID-19 reported are anosmia, headache, stroke, declined cognitive function, and impaired mental health, among others. People who had COVID-19 have a higher risk of sequelae in the central nervous system (CNS). However, it is not known which are all possible sequelae and how long will last the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on behavioral patterns and quality of life. AIM We intend to address the long-term impacts of COVID-19 on mental health and the relevance of physical exercise during the pandemic. METHODS We conducted a literature search using PubMed to find the articles that were related to these themes. RESULTS We found 23,489 papers initially, and then we applied the inclusion/exclusion criteria to narrow down our search to 3617 articles and selected 1380 eligible articles after a thorough reading of titles and abstracts. The findings indicated that COVID-19 impacted general mental health and led many not only hospitalized patients to develop cognitive decline, memory impairment, anxiety, sleep alterations, and depressive-like behavior. Furthermore, the fear of vaccines and their effects had negatively affected mental health and directly impacted mortality rates in unvaccinated COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS Preventive measures must be undertaken, such as the vaccination of the entire population, vaccination hesitancy discouragement by creating awareness among individuals, and people's engagement in a physically active lifestyle, since being physically active is a low-cost and effective measure to restore or inhibit the negative outcomes from COVID-19 on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Roever
- Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Raphael Ribeiro Cavalcante
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
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Santos PHS, Rodrigues LF, Improta-Caria AC, Voltarelli VA. Metabolic adaptations in McArdle's disease and its mechanisms. J Physiol 2023; 601:1051-1052. [PMID: 36760010 DOI: 10.1113/jp284118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sports of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sports of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sports of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Improta-Caria AC, Soci ÚPR, Rodrigues LF, Fernandes T, Oliveira EM. MicroRNAs Regulating Pathophysiological Processes in Obesity: The Impact of Exercise Training. Current Opinion in Physiology 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Nascimento L, Improta-Caria AC, Brites C. Mortality in hospitalized HIV-infected patients in a referral center in Bahia, Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2022; 26:102716. [PMID: 36356643 PMCID: PMC9661378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2022.102716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of people living with HIV / AIDS in the world has increased and, in Salvador, Brazil, the mortality rate is above the state and national rates. This study sought to describe the characteristics of HIV patients who died in a referral hospital. This is a retrospective cohort study between 2012 and 2017 conducted at the, Federal University of Bahia´s Hospital, involving patients who died during hospitalization. There were 62 deaths among the 461 hospitalized patients with a predominance of males, blacks, and residents of Salvador. Mean age was 41.4 years. Most patients had at least one associated infection and 13% had a malignant neoplasm. The main reported cause of death was septic shock / HIV-associated infections. About 6.4% had an undetectable viral load and in-hospital survival was longer in this group. The lowest in-hospital survival was seen in patients presenting with pneumonia. Although the HIV / AIDS mortality rate at this center reflects the complexity of the country's epidemiological scenario poor adherence and therapeutic failure play a key role in the risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Nascimento
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil,Corresponding author.
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde (PPGMS), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Carlos Brites
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil,Universidade Federal da Bahia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde (PPGMS), Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Soci UPR, Cavalcante BRR, Improta-Caria AC, Roever L. The Epigenetic Role of MiRNAs in Endocrine Crosstalk Between the Cardiovascular System and Adipose Tissue: A Bidirectional View. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:910884. [PMID: 35859891 PMCID: PMC9289671 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.910884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity (OBT) is a serious health condition worldwide, and one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the main reason for morbidity and mortality worldwide. OBT is the proportional increase of Adipose Tissue (AT) compared with other tissue and fluids, associated with pathological changes in metabolism, hemodynamic overload, cytokine secretion, systemic inflammatory profile, and cardiac metabolism. In turn, AT is heterogeneous in location, and displays secretory capacity, lipolytic activation, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic status, performing anatomic, metabolic, and endocrine functions. Evidence has emerged on the bidirectional crosstalk exerted by miRNAs as regulators between the heart and AT on metabolism and health conditions. Here, we discuss the bidirectional endocrine role of miRNAs between heart and AT, rescuing extracellular vesicles’ (EVs) role in cell-to-cell communication, and the most recent results that show the potential of common therapeutic targets through the elucidation of parallel and ⁄or common epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Paula Reno Soci
- Biodynamics of the Human Body Movement Department, School of Physical Education and Sports, São Paulo University–USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Raphael Ribeiro Cavalcante
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Physical Education Department, Salvador University (UNIFACS), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Roever
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Leonardo Roever,
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Sousa RALD, de Magalhães COD, Dias IR, de Oliveira LRS, Improta-Caria AC, Cassilhas RC. Cross talk mechanisms of aerobic exercise training on obesity, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease: the role of insulin resistance. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2022; 68:963-967. [PMID: 35946775 PMCID: PMC9574969 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20211210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Alto da Jacuba (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício – Diamantina (MG), Brazil.,Corresponding author:
| | - Caíque Olegário Diniz de Magalhães
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Alto da Jacuba (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício – Diamantina (MG), Brazil
| | - Isabella Rocha Dias
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Alto da Jacuba (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício – Diamantina (MG), Brazil
| | - Lucas Renan Sena de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Alto da Jacuba (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício – Diamantina (MG), Brazil
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Universidade federal da Bahia, Faculty of Medicine, Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health – Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas – Alto da Jacuba (MG), Brazil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício – Diamantina (MG), Brazil
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Improta-Caria AC. Exercício Físico e MicroRNAs: Mecanismos Moleculares na Hipertensão e Infarto do Miocárdio. Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 118:1147-1149. [PMID: 35703656 PMCID: PMC9345150 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20210538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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De Sousa RAL, Improta-Caria AC. Regulation of microRNAs in Alzheimer´s disease, type 2 diabetes, and aerobic exercise training. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:559-580. [PMID: 35075500 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. The evolution and aggregation of amyloid beta (β) oligomers is linked to insulin resistance in AD, which is also the major characteristic of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Being physically inactive can contribute to the development of AD and/or T2D. Aerobic exercise training (AET), a type of physical exercise, can be useful in preventing or treating the negative outcomes of AD and T2D. AD, T2D and AET can regulate the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we review some of the changes in miRNAs expression regulated by AET, AD and T2D. MiRNAs play an important role in the gene regulation of key signaling pathways in both pathologies, AD and T2D. MiRNA dysregulation is evident in AD and has been associated with several neuropathological alterations, such as the development of a reactive gliosis. Expression of miRNAs are associated with many pathophysiological mechanisms involved in T2D like insulin synthesis, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, intracellular signaling, and lipid profile. AET regulates miRNAs levels. We identified 5 miRNAs (miR-21, miR-29a/b, miR-103, miR-107, and miR-195) that regulate gene expression and are modulated by AET on AD and T2D. The identified miRNAs are potential targets to treat the symptoms of AD and T2D. Thus, AET is a non-pharmacological tool that can be used to prevent and fight the negative outcomes in AD and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Fisiológicas- Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha E Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, Alto da Jacuba, nº 5000, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, CEP 39100-000, Brazil.
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
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Improta-Caria AC, De Sousa RAL, Roever L, Fernandes T, Oliveira EMD, Aras Júnior R, Souza BSDF. MicroRNAs in type 2 diabetes mellitus: potential role of physical exercise. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022; 23:29. [DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2301029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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13
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Improta-Caria AC, Aras MG, Nascimento L, De Sousa RAL, Aras-Júnior R, Souza BSDF. MicroRNAs Regulating Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, Sympathetic Nervous System and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Systemic Arterial Hypertension. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121771. [PMID: 34944415 PMCID: PMC8698399 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene and protein expression. MicroRNAs also regulate several cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle, apoptosis, among others. In this context, they play important roles in the human body and in the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, obesity and hypertension. In hypertension, microRNAs act on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system and left ventricular hypertrophy, however the signaling pathways that interact in these processes and are regulated by microRNAs inducing hypertension and the worsening of the disease still need to be elucidated. Thus, the aim of this review is to analyze the pattern of expression of microRNAs in these processes and the possible associated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, Brazil;
- Department of Physical Education in Cardiology of the State of Bahia, Brazilian Society of Cardiology, Salvador 41170-130, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.C.I.-C.); (B.S.d.F.S.)
| | - Marcela Gordilho Aras
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, Brazil; (M.G.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Luca Nascimento
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, Brazil; (M.G.A.); (L.N.)
| | | | - Roque Aras-Júnior
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, Brazil;
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-100, Brazil; (M.G.A.); (L.N.)
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador 22281-100, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.C.I.-C.); (B.S.d.F.S.)
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14
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De Sousa RAL, Santos LG, Lopes PM, Cavalcante BRR, Improta-Caria AC, Cassilhas RC. Physical exercise consequences on memory in obesity: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13298. [PMID: 34105227 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with changes in memory. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to investigate the physical exercise consequences on memory in obesity. A search was carried out in the PubMed, Lilacs, and Scielo databases with the following descriptors: "physical exercise," "memory," and "obesity." A total of 16 studies were analyzed in this review. Low, moderate, and high intensity exercise training showed positive effects on memory in patients with obesity (100%). The animal models of obesity used in their physical exercise protocols: treadmill (72.7%) or wheel running (27.3%). Most of the animal studies (81.8%) revealed positive effects of the physical exercise protocol on memory in obesity. Mouse was the most commonly used animal (54.5%), and a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) was the most commonly method used to induce obesity (82%). We did not identify any knockout model of obesity that was used to evaluate memory and used physical exercise as the main intervention. Thus, exercise training, independently if it is resistance or endurance training, seems to be an excellent intervention to prevent and inhibit cognitive impairment and memory loss on obese patients and animal models of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), Brazilian Society of Physiology, UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Letícia Gomes Santos
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Paulo Maurício Lopes
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil.,Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), Brazilian Society of Physiology, UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil.,Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil
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15
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De Sousa RAL, Improta-Caria AC, Cassilhas RC. Effects of physical exercise on memory in type 2 diabetes: a brief review. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1559-1563. [PMID: 34115274 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder that can lead to memory impairment. T2D main features are insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Physical exercise is a non-pharmacological intervention that can regulate glycemic levels and fight insulin resistance in T2D, but whether it influences memory has been discussed. There are 2 main types of physical exercise: aerobic exercise and resistance exercise. Here, we review about the consequences of different physical exercise protocols on memory in diabetic subjects and animal models of T2D. Physical exercise, aerobic or resistance training, most of the times, is a capable agent to prevent and treat memory loss on diabetic subjects and animal models of T2D. However, whether aerobic and resistance training combined improve memory in subjects with T2D remains controversial. Regarding animal models of T2D, aerobic and resistance training have been showed to be capable to prevent and treat memory loss. Acute and chronic protocols of exercise, generally, induce positive physiological responses and adaptations in T2D, such as a better glucose control. The ideal physical exercise protocol that will produce the best benefits to diabetic subjects and to animal models of T2D has not been described yet. A variety of combination between intensity, volume, frequency, and duration of the physical exercise protocol on future studies is necessary to both diabetic subjects and animal models of T2D to determine the best protocol that will induce more benefits on memory in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudo em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Minas Gerais, Diamantina, Brazil.
| | | | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudo em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Minas Gerais, Diamantina, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Minas Gerais, Diamantina, Brazil
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16
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Improta-Caria AC, Aras Júnior R. Physical Exercise Training and Chagas Disease: Potential Role of MicroRNAs. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:132-141. [PMID: 34320083 PMCID: PMC8294722 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A doença de Chagas (DC) é causada pelo Trypanosoma Cruzi. Esse parasita pode infectar vários órgãos do corpo humano, especialmente o coração, causando inflamação, fibrose, arritmias e remodelação cardíaca, e promovendo a cardiomiopatia chagásica crônica (CCC) no longo prazo. Entretanto, poucas evidências científicas elucidaram os mecanismos moleculares que regulam os processos fisiopatológicos nessa doença. Os microRNAs (miRNAs) são reguladores de expressão gênica pós-transcricional que modulam a sinalização celular, participando de mecanismos fisiopatológicos da DC, mas o entendimento dos miRNAs nessa doença é limitado. Por outro lado, há muitas evidências científicas demonstrando que o treinamento com exercício físico (TEF) modula a expressão de miRNAs, modificando a sinalização celular em indivíduos saudáveis. Alguns estudos também demonstram que o TEF traz benefícios para indivíduos com DC, porém esses não avaliaram as expressões de miRNA. Dessa forma, não há evidências demonstrando o papel do TEF na expressão dos miRNAs na DC. Portanto, essa revisão teve o objetivo de identificar os miRNAs expressos na DC que poderiam ser modificados pelo TEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA - Brasil.,Departamento de Educação Física em Cardiologia do Estado da Bahia, Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia,Salvador, BA - Brasil
| | - Roque Aras Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA - Brasil
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17
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Cavalcante BRR, Improta-Caria AC, Melo VHD, De Sousa RAL. Exercise-linked consequences on epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 121:108079. [PMID: 34058490 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epilepsy is a brain disorder that leads to seizures and neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences. Physical inactivity can contribute to worse epilepsy pathophysiology. Here, we review how physical exercise affects epilepsy physiopathology. METHODS An extensive literature search was performed and the mechanisms of physical exercise on epilepsy were discussed. The search was conducted in Scopus and PubMed. Articles with relevant information were included. Only studies written in English were considered. RESULTS The regular practice of physical exercise can be beneficial for individuals with neurodegenerative diseases, such as epilepsy by decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory and stress biomarkers, increasing socialization, and reducing the incidence of epileptic seizures. Physical exercise is also capable of reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety in epilepsy. Physical exercise can also improve cognitive function in epilepsy. The regular practice of physical exercise enhances the levels of brain-derived neuro factor (BDNF) in the hippocampi, induces neurogenesis, inhibits oxidative stress and reactive gliosis, avoids cognitive impairment, and stimulates the production of dopamine in the epileptic brain. CONCLUSION Physical exercise is an excellent non-pharmacological tool that can be used in the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Physiological Science Multicentric Program, Federal University of Valleyś Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
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18
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Aras Júnior R, Durães A, Roever L, Macedo C, Aras MG, Nascimento L, Improta-Caria AC, De Sousa RAL, Mansueto GN. The Impact of COVID-19 on the Cardiovascular System. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2021; 67Suppl 1:163-167. [PMID: 34259776 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.67.suppl1.20201063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19), has affected many people in Brazil and worldwide. This disease predominantly affects the organs of the respiratory system, but it also damages the brain, liver, kidneys and especially the heart. In the heart, scientific evidence shows that this virus can damage the coronary arteries, generating microvascular dysfunction, favoring acute myocardial infarction. Furthermore, with the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, it can lead to myocarditis and cardiac fibrosis, inducing changes in the electrical conduction system of the heart, generating cardiac arrhythmias. All these factors mentioned are protagonists in promoting the increase in the mortality outcome. This outcome may be even higher if the individuals are elderly, or if they have other diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus or hypertension, because they may already have cardiomyopathy. In this context, this review focused on the impact that COVID-19 can have on the heart and cardiovascular system and the association of this impact with aging, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiac arrhythmias and arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roque Aras Júnior
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina - Salvador (BA), Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde - Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - André Durães
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina - Salvador (BA), Brazil.,Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde - Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Leonardo Roever
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - Uberlândia (MG), Brazil
| | - Cristiano Macedo
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina - Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | | | - Luca Nascimento
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina - Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde - Salvador (BA), Brazil.,Fundação da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, Departamento de Educação Física em Cardiologia do Estado da Bahia - Ondina (BA), Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Programa Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas - Teófilo Otoni (MG), Brazil
| | - Gomes-Neto Mansueto
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde - Salvador (BA), Brazil
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19
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Improta-Caria AC, Soci ÚPR, Pinho CS, Aras Júnior R, De Sousa RAL, Bessa TCB. Physical Exercise and Immune System: Perspectives on the COVID-19 pandemic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 67Suppl 1:102-107. [PMID: 34259761 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.67.suppl1.20200673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise training (PET) has been considered an excellent non-pharmacological strategy to prevent and treat several diseases. There are various benefits offered by PET, especially on the immune system, promoting changes in the morphology and function of cells, inducing changes in the expression pattern of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, these changes depend on the type, volume and intensity of PET and whether it is being evaluated acutely or chronically. In this context, PET can be a tool to improve the immune system and fight various infections. However, the current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, which produces cytokine storm, inducing inflammation in several organs, with high infection rates in both sedentary and physically active individuals, the role of PET on immune cells has not yet been elucidated. Thus, this review focused on the role of PET on immune system cells and the possible effects of PET-induced adaptive responses on SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde - Salvador (BA), Brazil.,Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, Departamento de Educação Física em Cardiologia - Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Úrsula Paula Renó Soci
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular do Exercício - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Cristiano Silva Pinho
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde - Salvador (BA), Brazil.,União de Faculdades de Alagoas e Faculdade Figueiredo Costa - Maceió (AL), Brazil
| | - Roque Aras Júnior
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde - Salvador (BA), Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Diamantina (MG), Brazil
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20
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Melo VHD, Sousa RALD, Improta-Caria AC, Nunes MAP. Physical activity and quality of life in adults and elderly individuals with lower limb amputation. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2021; 67:985-990. [PMID: 34817511 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of physical activity (PA) and quality of life (QOL) in adults and elderly individuals with lower limb amputation (LLA). METHODS This was a cross-sectional observational study. Participants completed three surveys as follows: a demographic survey, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life. Thirty-six individuals with lower limb amputation were separated into two different groups as follows: Adults-lower limb amputation (n=12), composed of individuals with lower limb amputation who aged from 18-59 years, and Elderly-lower limb amputation (n=24), composed of individuals with lower limb amputation who aged 60 years and above. Statistical differences were determined as p<0.05. RESULTS Age and number of individuals with a low level of functional independency were higher in the Elderly-lower limb amputation group (p<0.05). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire scores were reduced in the Elderly-lower limb amputation group (p<0.05). The Pearson's correlation test between low metabolic equivalent task (MET), time since amputation, and family income presented positive significant results in the Elderly-lower limb amputation (p<0.05). Adults-lower limb amputation just presents a positive significant correlation with the low family income (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Elderly individuals with lower limb amputation are more susceptible to present negative health outcomes than adults with lower limb amputation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, School of Medicine, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde - Salvador (BA), Brazil
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21
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De Sousa RAL, Improta-Caria AC, Aras-Júnior R, de Oliveira EM, Soci ÚPR, Cassilhas RC. Physical exercise effects on the brain during COVID-19 pandemic: links between mental and cardiovascular health. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:1325-1334. [PMID: 33492565 PMCID: PMC7829117 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The current pandemic was caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The quarantine period during corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak might affect the quality of life leading thousands of individuals to diminish the daily caloric expenditure and mobility, leading to a sedentary behavior and increase the number of health disorders. Exercising is used as a non-pharmacological treatment in many chronic diseases. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of physical exercise in COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. We also point links between exercise, mental, and cardiovascular health. The infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 affects host cells binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), which is the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. If there is not enough oxygen supply the lungs and other tissues, such as the heart or brain, are affected. SARS-CoV-2 enhances ACE2 leading to inflammation and neuronal death with possible development of mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Physical exercise also enhances the ACE2 expression. Conversely, the activation of ACE2/Ang 1-7/Mas axis by physical exercise induces an antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effect. Physical exercise has beneficial effects on mental health enhancing IGF-1, PI3K, BDNF, ERK, and reducing GSK3β levels. In addition, physical exercise enhances the activity of PGC-1α/ FNDC5/Irisin pathway leading to neuronal survival and the maintenance of a good mental health. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to elevation of ACE2 levels through pathological mechanisms that lead to neurological and cardiovascular complications, while the physiological response of ACE2 to physical exercise improves cardiovascular and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Treinamento Físico (LETFIS), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, Alto da Jacuba, n° 5000 - CEP, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil.
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Roque Aras-Júnior
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira
- Biodynamics of the Human Body Movement Department, School of Physical Education and Sports, Sao Paulo University - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Úrsula Paula Reno Soci
- Biodynamics of the Human Body Movement Department, School of Physical Education and Sports, Sao Paulo University - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences (PMPGCF), Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, Brazil
- Laboratório de Treinamento Físico (LETFIS), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rodovia MGT 367, Km 583, Alto da Jacuba, n° 5000 - CEP, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brazil
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
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22
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Sousa RALD, Improta-Caria AC, Souza BSDF. Exercise-Linked Irisin: Consequences on Mental and Cardiovascular Health in Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2199. [PMID: 33672171 PMCID: PMC7926886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Chronic exposure to a T2DM microenvironment with hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, oxidative stress and increased levels of proinflammatory mediators, has negative consequences to the cardiovascular system and mental health. Therefore, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mental health issues have been strongly associated with T2DM. Lifestyle modifications, including physical exercise training, are necessary to prevent T2DM development and its associated complications. It is widely known that the regular practice of exercise provides several physiological benefits to subjects with T2DM, such as managing glycemic and blood pressure levels. Different types of exercise, from aerobic to resistance training, are effective to improve mental health and cognitive function in T2DM. Irisin is a myokine produced in response to exercise, which has been pointed as a relevant mechanism of action to explain the benefits of exercise on cardiovascular and mental health in T2DM patients. Here, we review emerging clinical and experimental evidence about exercise-linked irisin consequences to cardiovascular and mental health in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais CEP 39.000-000, Brazil;
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício–GENE), Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais CEP 39.000-000, Brazil
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia CEP 40.110-100, Brazil;
- Department of Physical Education in Cardiology, Brazilian Society of Cardiology, Bahia CEP 41.170-130, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia CEP 41.253-190, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia CEP 41.253-190, Brazil
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro CEP 22.281-100, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Bahia CEP 40.296-710, Brazil
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23
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De Sousa RAL, Rodrigues CM, Mendes BF, Improta-Caria AC, Peixoto MFD, Cassilhas RC. Physical exercise protocols in animal models of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:85-95. [PMID: 33095371 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several animal studies have showed the beneficial effects of physical exercise (PE) on brain function and health. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, characterized by the presence of aggregated extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles, with progressive cognitive decline. Therapeutic approaches such as PE showed to be effective in halting AD progression. Here, we present a systematic review about PE and AD. The search was carried out using the PubMed and LILACS databases. The following keywords were used: Alzheimer; PE; animal model. All found studies adopted aerobic exercise training as the PE protocol (100%). We identified running on treadmill as the most commonly used PE routine (62.5%). The duration of each session, intensity, frequency, and period of training most used were 60 min/day (62.5%), moderate intensity (87.5%), 5 days/week (62.5%), and 4 (37.5%) or 12 (37.5%) weeks, respectively. The AD animal models most used were the Tg APP/PS1ΔE9 (25%), models based on i.c.v. infusion of AβOs (25%) and streptozotocin (25%). All protocols used rodents to their experiments (100%), but mice were the most common (62.5%). Finally, the main results presented in all studies were capable to reduce significantly AD consequences, such as reducing Aβ or pro-inflammatory proteins levels (100%). The lack of resistance training protocols in animal models of AD indicates a huge gap that should be investigated in future studies. We suggest that PE protocols must be adapted according to the specie, lineage and life span of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Cíntia Maria Rodrigues
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Fudamental Nursing Post Graduation Program, São Paulo State University, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ferreira Mendes
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Fabrício Dias Peixoto
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Multicenter Post Graduation Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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24
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Improta-Caria AC, Nonaka CKV, Cavalcante BRR, De Sousa RAL, Aras Júnior R, Souza BSDF. Modulation of MicroRNAs as a Potential Molecular Mechanism Involved in the Beneficial Actions of Physical Exercise in Alzheimer Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4977. [PMID: 32674523 PMCID: PMC7403962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, affecting middle-aged and elderly individuals worldwide. AD pathophysiology involves the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, along with chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Physical exercise (PE) is a beneficial non-pharmacological strategy and has been described as an ally to combat cognitive decline in individuals with AD. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern the beneficial adaptations induced by PE in AD are not fully elucidated. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, inhibiting or degrading their target mRNAs. MicroRNAs are involved in physiological processes that govern normal brain function and deregulated microRNA profiles are associated with the development and progression of AD. It is also known that PE changes microRNA expression profile in the circulation and in target tissues and organs. Thus, this review aimed to identify the role of deregulated microRNAs in the pathophysiology of AD and explore the possible role of the modulation of microRNAs as a molecular mechanism involved in the beneficial actions of PE in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (A.C.I.-C.); (R.A.J.)
- University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.R.R.C.)
| | - Carolina Kymie Vasques Nonaka
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.R.R.C.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Raphael Ribeiro Cavalcante
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.R.R.C.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Bahia 40110-909, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Physiological Science Multicentric Program, Federal University of Valleys´ Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Minas Gerais 30000-000, Brazil;
| | - Roque Aras Júnior
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (A.C.I.-C.); (R.A.J.)
- University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (B.R.R.C.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Bahia 40110-909, Brazil
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De Sousa RAL, Improta-Caria AC, Jesus-Silva FMD, Magalhães CODE, Freitas DA, Lacerda ACR, Mendonça VA, Cassilhas RC, Leite HR. High-intensity resistance training induces changes in cognitive function, but not in locomotor activity or anxious behavior in rats induced to type 2 diabetes. Physiol Behav 2020; 223:112998. [PMID: 32505787 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder that can lead to cognitive decline through impairment of insulin signaling. Resistance training, a type of physical exercise, is a non-pharmacological approach used to improve insulin resistance in T2D. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) over cognitive function, locomotor activity, and anxious behavior in rats induced to T2D. Thirty young adult male wistar rats were distributed into 3 groups (n = 10): Control; dexamethasone (D); and dexamethasone + exercise (DE), that performed the HIRT during 4 weeks. Blood glucose, water intake, and total body fat were measured. Locomotor activity, and anxious behavior where evaluated through the open field task. Cognitive function was assessed through the novel object recognition task. Insulin resistance and neuronal death were evaluated through western blot analysis. Rats induced to T2D had higher blood glucose levels, and consumed more water when compared to control group, but DE had better blood glucose levels than D. Total body fat was reduced in DE compared to D. Locomotor activity, and anxious behavior were not significantly altered. T2D rats which performed HIRT maintained cognitive function, while those induced to T2D that did not exercise developed cognitive decline. DE group showed a reduction in the inhibition of the activation of hippocampal IRS-1 and higher expression of GSk3β phosphorylated in serine compared to D group, revealing insulin signaling impairment, and neuronal death were identified in the hippocampus of D group. Lifestyle intervention through the regular practice of HIRT plays a fundamental role in the treatment of T2D preventing cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Caique Olegário Diniz E Magalhães
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel Almeida Freitas
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Hércules Ribeiro Leite
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), UFVJM, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
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