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Yang K, Bao T, Zeng J, Wang S, Yuan X, Xiang W, Xu H, Zeng L, Ge J. Research progress on pyroptosis-mediated immune-inflammatory response in ischemic stroke and the role of natural plant components as regulator of pyroptosis: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:113999. [PMID: 36455455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the leading causes of death and disability. Its pathogenesis is not completely clear, and inflammatory cascade is one of its main pathological processes. The current clinical practice of IS is to restore the blood supply to the ischemic area after IS as soon as possible through thrombolytic therapy to protect the vitality and function of neurons. However, blood reperfusion further accelerates ischemic damage and cause ischemia-reperfusion injury. The pathological process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury involves multiple mechanisms, and the exact mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Pyroptosis, a newly discovered form of inflammatory programmed cell death, plays an important role in the initiation and progression of inflammation. It is a pro-inflammatory programmed death mediated by caspase Caspase-1/4/5/11, which can lead to cell swelling and rupture, release inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18, and induce an inflammatory cascade. Recent studies have shown that pyroptosis and its mediated inflammatory response are important factors in aggravating ischemic brain injury, and inhibition of pyroptosis may alleviate the ischemic brain injury. Furthermore, studies have found that natural plant components may have a regulatory effect on pyroptosis. Therefore, this review not only summarizes the molecular mechanism of pyroptosis and its role in ischemic stroke, but also the role of natural plant components as regulator of pyroptosis, in order to provide reference information on pyroptosis for the treatment of IS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Tingting Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Zeng
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wang Xiang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital Changde City, Changde City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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Chiang MC, Nicol CJB, Lo SS, Hung SW, Wang CJ, Lin CH. Resveratrol Mitigates Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation-Induced Inflammation, NLRP3 Inflammasome, and Oxidative Stress in 3D Neuronal Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911678. [PMID: 36232980 PMCID: PMC9570351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) can produce hypoxia-induced neurotoxicity and is a mature in vitro model of hypoxic cell damage. Activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates a downstream pathway that substantially increases bioenergy production, which may be a key player in physiological energy and has also been shown to play a role in regulating neuroprotective processes. Resveratrol is an effective activator of AMPK, indicating that it may have therapeutic potential as a neuroprotective agent. However, the mechanism by which resveratrol achieves these beneficial effects in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to OGD-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in a 3D gelatin scaffold remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effect of resveratrol in 3D gelatin scaffold cells to understand its neuroprotective effects on NF-κB signaling, NLRP3 inflammasome, and oxidative stress under OGD conditions. Here, we show that resveratrol improves the expression levels of cell viability, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18), NF-κB signaling, and NLRP3 inflammasome, that OGD increases. In addition, resveratrol rescued oxidative stress, nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and Nrf2 downstream antioxidant target genes (e.g., SOD, Gpx GSH, catalase, and HO-1). Treatment with resveratrol can significantly normalize OGD-induced changes in SH-SY5Y cell inflammation, oxidative stress, and oxidative defense gene expression; however, these resveratrol protective effects are affected by AMPK antagonists (Compounds C) blocking. These findings improve our understanding of the mechanism of the AMPK-dependent protective effect of resveratrol under 3D OGD-induced inflammation and oxidative stress-mediated cerebral ischemic stroke conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chang Chiang
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242304, Taiwan
| | - Christopher J. B. Nicol
- Departments of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Departments of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Shy-Shyong Lo
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242304, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Wei Hung
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242304, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Ju Wang
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242304, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lin
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongxing Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10341, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242304, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Zhang Y, Yang M, Yuan Q, He Q, Ping H, Yang J, Zhang Y, Fu X, Liu J. Piperine ameliorates ischemic stroke-induced brain injury in rats by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 295:115309. [PMID: 35597410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Piperine (PIP), a main active component isolated from Piper nigrum L., exerts neuroprotective effects in a rat model of ischemic stroke (IS). However, studies on the effects of PIP on neuroprotection and autophagy after IS are limited. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to prove the protective effects of PIP against brain IS and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specific pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected to establish a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model. The experiment was randomly divided into six groups: sham group, model group, PIP intervention group (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg group), and nimodipine group (Nimo group, 12 mg/kg). Neurological function score, postural reflex score, body swing score, balance beam test, and grip strength test were used to detect behavioral changes of rats. The area of cerebral infarction was detected by TTC staining, and the number and morphological changes of neurons were observed by Nissl and HE staining. In addition, the ultrastructure of hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons was observed using a transmission electron microscope. Western blot was used to detect the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway proteins and autophagy-related proteins, namely, Beclin1 and LC3, in the hippocampus and cortex. Cell experiments established an in vitro model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) with the HT22 cell line to verify the mechanism. The experiment was divided into five groups: control group, OGD group, OGD + PIP 20 μg/mL group, OGD + PIP 30 μg/mL group, and OGD + PIP 40 μg/mL group. CCK-8 was used to measure cell activity, and Western blot was used to measure the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway proteins and autophagy-related proteins (Beclin1 and LC3). RESULTS Compared with the model group, the neurological function scores, body swing scores, and postural reflex scores of rats in the 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg PIP intervention groups and Nimo groups decreased, whereas the balance beam score and grip test scores increased (all p < 0.05). After 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg PIP and Nimo intervention, the cerebral infarction area of pMCAO rats was reduced (p < 0.01), and Nissl and HE staining results showed that the number of neurons survived in the 30 mg/kg PIP and Nimo intervention groups increased. Cell morphology and structure were significantly improved (p < 0.05). Most of the hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons and their organelles gradually returned to normal in the 30 mg/kg PIP and Nimo intervention groups, with less neuronal damage. The expression levels of p-mTOR, p-AKT, and p-PI3K in the hippocampus and cortex of the 30 mg/kg PIP and Nimo intervention groups decreased, whereas the expression level of PI3K increased (all p < 0.05). In addition, the expression level of autophagy-related proteins, namely, Beclin1 and LC3-II, in the 30 mg/kg PIP and Nimo intervention groups decreased (all p < 0.05). Results of CCK-8 showed that after 1 h of OGD, the 30 and 40 μg/mL PIP intervention groups had higher cell viability than the OGD group (p < 0.01). Western blot results showed that compared with the OGD group, the expression level of p-mTOR, p-AKT, and p-PI3K in the 30 and 40 μg/mL PIP intervention groups decreased, and the expression level of PI3K increased (all p < 0.05). Moreover, the expression level of autophagy-related proteins, namely, Beclin1 and LC3-II, in the 30 and 40 μg/mL PIP intervention groups decreased (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that PIP is a potential compound with neuroprotective effects. PIP can inhibit the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and autophagy. Its inhibition of autophagy is possibly related to modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. These findings provide new insights into the use of PIP for the treatment of IS and its underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Miao Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Qianqian Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Qianxiong He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Honglu Ping
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jianrong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xueyan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Exosomes derived from regulatory T cells attenuates MPP+-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress in BV-2 cells by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Liu J, Ma W, Zang CH, Wang GD, Zhang SJ, Wu HJ, Zhu KW, Xiang XL, Li CY, Liu KP, Guo JH, Li LY. Salidroside inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and apoptosis in microglia induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 9:1694. [PMID: 34988203 PMCID: PMC8667139 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-5752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an important mediator of neuroinflammatory responses that regulates inflammatory injury following cerebral ischemia and may be a potential target. Salidroside (Sal) has good anti-inflammatory effects; however, it remains unclear whether Sal can regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway after cerebral ischemia to alleviate inflammatory injury. Methods We established an oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) model of BV2 cells and a middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay were used to detect the viability and apoptosis of BV2 cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the level of inflammatory factors. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) were used to detect cerebral infarction volume and neurological deficit in rats. Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the protein expression levels. Results Our results showed that Sal increased viability, inhibited lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and reduced apoptosis in OGD/R-induced BV2 cells. Sal reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8. Following induction by OGD/R, BV2 cells exhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and increased protein levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. Protein levels of key TLR4 signaling pathway elements, such as TLR4, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), and phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B p65 (p-NF-κB p65)/NF-κB p65 were upregulated. Interestingly, it was revealed that Sal could reverse these changes. In addition, TAK242, a specific inhibitor of TLR4, had the same effect as Sal treatment on BV2 cells following induction by OGD/R. In the MCAO/R rat model, Sal was also observed to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia, reduce cerebral infarction volume, and inhibit apoptosis. Conclusions In summary, we found that Sal inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and apoptosis in microglia induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, thus playing a protective role. Therefore, Sal may be a promising drug for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Zang
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Si-Jia Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Jie Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ke-Wei Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiang-Lin Xiang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kuang-Pin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jian-Hui Guo
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Li-Yan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Bian HJ, Xu SY, Li HQ, Jia JQ, Ye L, Shu S, Xia SN, Gu Y, Zhu X, Xu Y, Cao X. JLX001 ameliorates cerebral ischemia injury by modulating microglial polarization and compromising NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108325. [PMID: 34740080 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality rates, and the proinflammatory microglia-mediated inflammatory response directly affects stroke outcome. Previous studies have reported that JLX001, a novel compound with a structure similar to that of cyclovirobuxine D (CVB-D), exerts antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects on ischemia-induced brain injury. However, the role of JLX001 in microglial polarization and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome regulation after ischemic stroke has not been fully investigated. In this study, we used the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method to establish a focal cerebral ischemia model and found that JLX001 attenuated the brain infarct size and improved cerebral damage. Moreover, the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) were significantly reduced while those of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were increased in the JLX001-treated group. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry revealed an increased number of anti-inflammatory phenotypic microglia and a reduced number of proinflammatory phenotypic microglia in JLX001-treated MCAO mice. Western blotting analysis showed that JLX001 inhibited the expression of NLRP3 and proteins related to the NLRP3 inflammasome axis in vivo. Furthermore, JLX001 reduced the number of NLRP3/Iba1 cells in ischemic penumbra tissues. Finally, mechanistic analysis revealed that JLX001 significantly inhibited the expression of proteins related to the NF-κB signaling pathway. Additionally, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an NF-κB inhibitor, ameliorated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing microglial polarization towards the proinflammatory phenotype and NLRP3 activation in vivo, further suggesting that these protective effects of JLX001 were mediated by inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggest that JLX001 is a promising therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jie Bian
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Si-Yi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hui-Qin Li
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jun-Qiu Jia
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shu Shu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Xia
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiong Zhu
- Jiangsu Jinglixin Pharmaceutical Technology Company Limited, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing 210008, China.
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10-O-(N N-Dimethylaminoethyl)-Ginkgolide B Methane-Sulfonate (XQ-1H) Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia Via Suppressing Neuronal Apoptosis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105987. [PMID: 34273708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The 10-O-(N N-dimethylaminoethyl)-ginkgolide B methane-sulfonate (XQ-1H) is an effective novel drug for the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease derived from Ginkgolide B, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, whether XQ-1H exerts neuroprotective effect via regulating neuronal apoptosis and the underlying mechanism remain to be elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of XQ-1H in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) and the oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) induced neuronal apoptosis on pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells. RESULTS The results showed that administration of XQ-1H at different dosage (7.8, 15.6, 31.2 mg/kg) reduced the brain infarct and edema, attenuated the neuro-behavioral dysfunction, and improved cell morphology in brain tissue after MCAO/R in rats. Moreover, incubation with XQ-1H (1 µM, 3 µM, 10 µM, 50 µM, 100 µM) could increase the cell viability, and showed no toxic effect to PC-12 cells. XQ-1H at following 1 µM, 10 µM, 100 µM decreased the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and suppressed the cell apoptosis in PC-12 cells exposed to OGD/R. In addition, XQ-1H treatment could significantly inhibit caspase-3 activation both in vivo and in vitro, reciprocally modulate the expression of apoptosis related proteins, bcl-2, and bax via activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. For mechanism verification, LY294002, the inhibitor of PI3K/Akt pathway was introduced the expressions of bcl-2 and phosphorylated Akt were down-regulated, the expression of bax was up-regulated, indicating that XQ-1H could alleviate the cell apoptosis through activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that XQ-1H treatment could provide a neuroprotective effect against ischemic stroke induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro through regulating neuronal survival and inhibiting apoptosis. The findings of the study confirmed that XQ-1H could be develop as a potential drug for treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Ma xing shi gan decoction eliminates PM2.5-induced lung injury by reducing pulmonary cell apoptosis through Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in rats. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225703. [PMID: 32627816 PMCID: PMC7350893 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the anti-apoptosis effect of Ma xing shi gan decoction (MXD) on PM2.5-induced lung injury via protein kinase B (Akt)/mTOR/p70S6K pathway. A UPLC-MS/MS system was introduced for component analysis of MXD. Rats were instilled with PM2.5 solution suspension intratracheally to induce acute lung injury. The rats were then orally administered with MXD (16, 8, and 4 g/kg) once a day for 7 consecutive days. The therapeutic effects of MXD were evaluated by Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining. The apoptotic cell death was analyzed by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The alterations in cytochrome c (Cytc) and cleaved-caspase-3 (C-caspase-3) were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expressions of Bax, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-p70S6K were detected by Western blot. In vitro, PM2.5 exposure model was introduced in A549 cell, followed by incubation with MXD-medicated serum. Hoechst staining was used to determine apoptotic rate. The levels of Bax, Bcl-2, p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-p70S6K were detected by Western blot. Our results in vivo indicated that treatment with MXD decreased histopathological changes score, TUNEL-positive cells rate, expressions of Cytc and C-caspase-3. The in vitro results revealed that incubation with MXD-mediated serum decreased apoptotic rate. Both results in vivo and in vitro demonstrated that MXD inhibited pro-apoptotic protein Bax and promoted anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression. Likewise, MXD activated Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signal pathway, which was also confirmed by Western immunoblotting. In conclusion, MXD attenuates lung injury and the underlying mechanisms may relate to regulating the apoptosis via Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway activation.
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Miao C, Chen H, Li Y, Guo Y, Xu F, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Hu M, Chen G. Curcumin and its analog alleviate diabetes-induced damages by regulating inflammation and oxidative stress in brain of diabetic rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:21. [PMID: 33602334 PMCID: PMC7891034 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic encephalopathy is a severe diabetes complication with cognitive dysfunction and neuropsychiatric disability. The mechanisms underlying diabetic encephalopathy is believed to be relevant with oxidative stress, vascular amylin deposition, immune receptors, inflammation, etc. This study wanted to evaluate the ability of curcumin and its analog A13 to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes-induced damages in brain. METHODS Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: normal control (NC) group, diabetes mellitus (DM) group, curcumin-treated diabetes mellitus (CUR) group, high dose of A13-treated diabetes mellitus (HA) group, low dose of A13-treated diabetes mellitus (LA) group. Activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB p65) pathway was detected by RT-qPCR, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and Western blot; oxidative stress was detected by biochemical detection kit; brain tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Myelin staining. RESULTS RT-qPCR, IHC staining and Western blot showed that curcumin and A13 treatment could inhibit the NF-κB p65 pathway. Curcumin and A13 increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and decreased the malondialdehyde level in the brain of diabetic rats. Furthermore, HE staining and Myelin staining demonstrated that the histological lesions of the brain in diabetic rats could be significantly ameliorated by curcumin and A13. CONCLUSION Curcumin analog A13 could alleviate the damages in the brain of diabetes rats by regulating the pathways of inflammation and oxidative stress. A13 may be a new potential therapeutic agent for diabetic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Miao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yulian Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Feifei Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Mengjun Hu
- Department of Pathology, Zhuji People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Guorong Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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10
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Lee YC, Kao ST, Cheng CY. Acorus tatarinowii Schott extract reduces cerebral edema caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: involvement in regulation of astrocytic NKCC1/AQP4 and JNK/iNOS-mediated signaling. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:374. [PMID: 33298024 PMCID: PMC7726880 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Acorus tatarinowii Schott [Shi Chang Pu (SCP)] extract administered at the start of 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), followed by 3 d of reperfusion, and to determine mechanisms involved in anti-edema effects in the penumbra of the cerebral cortex. Method Rats were intraperitoneally administered the SCP extract at a dose of 0.25 g/kg (SCP-0.25 g), 0.5 g/kg (SCP-0.5 g), or 1 g/kg (SCP-1 g) at the start of MCAo. Result SCP-0.5 g and SCP-1 g treatments effectively reduced the cerebral infarct size, ameliorated cerebral edema, reduced blood–brain barrier permeability, and restored neurological function. SCP-0.5 g and SCP-1 g treatments markedly downregulated the levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter type 1 (NKCC1), aquaporin 4 (AQP4), phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK)/JNK, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), 3-nitrotyrosine, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) and upregulated ZO-3 expression in the penumbra of the cerebral cortex 3 d after reperfusion. Conclusions SCP-0.5 g and SCP-1 g treatments exert neuroprotective effects against cerebral infarction and cerebral edema partially by mitigating astrocytic swelling and blood–brain barrier disruption. Moreover, the anti-cerebral edema effects of SCP extract treatments are possibly associated with the downregulation of astrocytic NKCC1/AQP4 and JNK/iNOS-mediated ICAM-1/MMP-9 signaling in the penumbra of the cerebral cortex 3 d after reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital 40447, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yi Cheng
- School of Post-baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Chinese Medicine, Hui-Sheng Hospital 42056, Taichung, Taiwan.
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11
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A new horizon for the steroidal alkaloid cyclovirobuxine D (huangyangning) and analogues: Anticancer activities and mechanism of action. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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12
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Pu Y, Liu Z, Zhong C, Zhang X, Bao Y. Immunomodulatory effects of a polysaccharide from Solanum nigrum Linne through TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Guang C, Zhiwei Y, Liwen W, Yutaka M, Michiko S, Shiming L, Chi‐Tang H, Hui Z, Naiyao C. Formulated citrus peel extract gold lotion improves cognitive and functional recovery from traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Yin Q, Zhao B, Zhu J, Fei Y, Shen W, Liang B, Zhu X, Li Y. JLX001 improves myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating Jak2-Stat3 pathway. Life Sci 2020; 257:118083. [PMID: 32673665 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the preclinical pharmacodynamics and mechanism of JLX001 against myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MI/R) for clinical application. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo, SD rats were given intragastric administration for 5 days, and the MI/R model was established by ligating/releasing the left anterior descending coronary artery. In vitro, the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model was established after the drug was pre-incubated for 24 h in H9C2 cells. The infract size was determined by TTC staining. Left ventricular function of MI/R rats was detected by echocardiography. The level of histopathological score was determined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), creatine kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were determined by relevant kits. The level of apoptosis was measured by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and Hoechst staining. The expression of p-Jak2, p-Stat3, Bax, Bcl-2, TNF-α, IL-1β protein were determined by western blot. KEY FINDINGS JLX001 can significantly improve left ventricular function, reduce myocardial infract size, histopathological score, the level of MDA, CK, LDH, TNF-α, IL-1β and the expression of Bax protein, significantly increase the activity of SOD, Bcl-2 protein expression, p-Jak2 protein expression, p-Stat3 protein expression in rat heart tissues and H9C2 cells. These effects can be reversed by AG490 which is a specific inhibitor of Jak2-Stat3 pathway. SIGNIFICANCE JLX001 can alleviate MI/R injury by inhibiting myocardial apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress via Jak2-Stat3 pathway in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyang Yin
- State key laboratory of Nature Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Bo Zhao
- State key laboratory of Nature Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- State key laboratory of Nature Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Fei
- State key laboratory of Nature Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Weiyang Shen
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Bingwen Liang
- Jiangsu Jinglixin Pharmaceutical Technology Company Limited, Nanjing 211100, PR china
| | - Xiong Zhu
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Yuman Li
- State key laboratory of Nature Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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15
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Song S, Pan Y, Li H, Zhen H. MiR-1202 Exerts Neuroprotective Effects on OGD/R Induced Inflammation in HM Cell by Negatively Regulating Rab1a Involved in TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1120-1129. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Xu D, Hou K, Li F, Chen S, Fang W, Li Y. XQ-1H alleviates cerebral ischemia in mice through inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of neurogenesis in a Wnt/β-catenin signaling dependent way. Life Sci 2019; 235:116844. [PMID: 31499069 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS 10-O-(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)-ginkgolide B methanesulfonate (XQ-1H), a new derivative of ginkgolide B, has drawn great attention for its potent bioactivities against ischemia-induced injury. The purpose of this study was to further investigate the effect of XQ-1H against acute ischemic stroke by inducing middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injuries in mice. MAIN METHODS Treatment of XQ-1H (78 or 39 mg/kg, i.g., bid) 2 h after MCAO improved motor skills and ameliorated the severity of brain infarction and apoptosis seen in the mice by diminishing pathological changes and the activation of a pro-apoptotic protein Cleaved-Caspase-3, which in turn induced anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL. Through introducing Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor XAV-939, XQ-1H was proven to intensively promoted neurogenesis in the peri-infarct cortex, subventricular area (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus (DG) subgranular area (SGZ) in a Wnt signal dependent way by compromising the activation of GSK3β, which in turn upregulated Wnt1, β-catenin, Neuro D1 and Cyclin D1, most possibly through the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling via the upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). KEY FINDINGS We conclude that XQ-1H preserved the motor functions, limited apoptosis, and concomitantly promoted neurogenesis-related protein expression by Wnt signaling-dependently compromising GSK3β/Caspase-3 activity and enhancing the expression of Wnt1/β-catenin/Neuro D1/Cyclin D1 and Bcl-xL. SIGNIFICANCE This research may benefit the development of stroke therapeutics targeting neurogenesis through Wnt upregulation by XQ-1H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Kai Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Fengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Weirong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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