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Hama Faraj GS, Hussen BM, Abdullah SR, Fatih Rasul M, Hajiesmaeili Y, Baniahmad A, Taheri M. Advanced approaches of the use of circRNAs as a replacement for cancer therapy. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:811-830. [PMID: 38590433 PMCID: PMC10999493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a broad name for a group of diseases in which abnormal cells grow out of control and are characterized by their complexity and recurrence. Although there has been progress in cancer therapy with the entry of precision medicine and immunotherapy, cancer incidence rates have increased globally. Non-coding RNAs in the form of circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles in the pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, and therapy of different diseases, including cancer. According to recent studies, circRNAs appear to serve as accurate indicators and therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. However, circRNAs are promising candidates for cutting-edge cancer therapy because of their distinctive circular structure, stability, and wide range of capabilities; many challenges persist that decrease the applications of circRNA-based cancer therapeutics. Here, we explore the roles of circRNAs as a replacement for cancer therapy, highlight the main challenges facing circRNA-based cancer therapies, and discuss the key strategies to overcome these challenges to improve advanced innovative therapies based on circRNAs with long-term health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Sedeeq Hama Faraj
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, Iraq
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Sharma NK, Dwivedi P, Bhushan R, Maurya PK, Kumar A, Dakal TC. Engineering circular RNA for molecular and metabolic reprogramming. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:117. [PMID: 38918231 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in biological systems is extremely versatile. However, it's extremely short half-life poses a fundamental restriction on its application. Moreover, the translation efficiency of mRNA is also limited. On the contrary, circular RNAs, also known as circRNAs, are a common and stable form of RNA found in eukaryotic cells. These molecules are synthesized via back-splicing. Both synthetic circRNAs and certain endogenous circRNAs have the potential to encode proteins, hence suggesting the potential of circRNA as a gene expression machinery. Herein, we aim to summarize all engineering aspects that allow exogenous circular RNA (circRNA) to prolong the time that proteins are expressed from full-length RNA signals. This review presents a systematic engineering approach that have been devised to efficiently assemble circRNAs and evaluate several aspects that have an impact on protein production derived from. We have also reviewed how optimization of the key components of circRNAs, including the topology of vector, 5' and 3' untranslated sections, entrance site of the internal ribosome, and engineered aptamers could be efficiently impacting the translation machinery for molecular and metabolic reprogramming. Collectively, molecular and metabolic reprogramming present a novel way of regulating distinctive cellular features, for instance growth traits to neoplastic cells, and offer new possibilities for therapeutic inventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Kumar Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith (Deemed University), P.O. Banasthali Vidyapith Distt. Tonk, Rajasthan, 304 022, India.
| | - Pragya Dwivedi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith (Deemed University), P.O. Banasthali Vidyapith Distt. Tonk, Rajasthan, 304 022, India
| | - Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Zoology, M.S. College, Motihari, Bihar, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Tikam Chand Dakal
- Genome and Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India.
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3
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Ma Y, Wang T, Zhang X, Wang P, Long F. The role of circular RNAs in regulating resistance to cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms and implications. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:312. [PMID: 38697964 PMCID: PMC11066075 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has rapidly transformed cancer treatment, yet resistance remains a significant hurdle, limiting its efficacy in many patients. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class of non-coding RNAs, have emerged as pivotal regulators of gene expression and cellular processes. Increasing evidence indicates their involvement in modulating resistance to cancer immunotherapy. Notably, certain circRNAs function as miRNA sponges or interact with proteins, influencing the expression of immune-related genes, including crucial immune checkpoint molecules. This, in turn, shapes the tumor microenvironment and significantly impacts the response to immunotherapy. In this comprehensive review, we explore the evolving role of circRNAs in orchestrating resistance to cancer immunotherapy, with a specific focus on their mechanisms in influencing immune checkpoint gene expression. Additionally, we underscore the potential of circRNAs as promising therapeutic targets to augment the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. Understanding the role of circRNAs in cancer immunotherapy resistance could contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- Department of Clinical Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Clinical Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Pinghan Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610032, China
| | - Fangyi Long
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610032, China.
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4
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Gao J, Pan H, Li J, Jiang J, Wang W. A peptide encoded by the circular form of the SHPRH gene induces apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16806. [PMID: 38282862 PMCID: PMC10812589 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and their derived peptides represent largely unchartered areas in cellular biology, with many potential roles yet to be discovered. This study aimed to elucidate the role and molecular interactions of circSHPRH and its peptide derivative SHPRH-146aa in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma (NB). Methods NB samples in the GSE102285 dataset were analyzed to measure circSHPRH expression, followed by in vitro experiments for validation. The role of SHPRH-146aa in NB cell proliferation, migration, and invasion was then examined, and luciferase activity assay was performed after SHPRH-146aa and RUNX1 transfection. Finally, the regulation of NB cell apoptosis by SHPRH-146aa combined with NFKBIA was tested. Results The GSE102285 dataset indicated overexpression of circSHPRH in NB samples, further supported by in vitro findings. Overexpression of circ-SHPRH and SHPRH-146aa inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of NB cells. A significant increase in apoptosis was observed, with upregulation of Caspase-3 and downregulation of Bcl-2. Furthermore, the peptide derivative SHPRH-146aa, derived from circSHPRH, suppressed NB cell malignancy traits, suggesting its role as a therapeutic target. A direct interaction between SHPRH-146aa and the transcription factor RUNX1 was identified, subsequently leading to increased NFKBIA expression. Notably, NFKBIA knockdown inhibited the pro-apoptotic effect of SHPRH-146aa on NB cells. Conclusion The study demonstrates that circ-SHPRH and SHPRH-146aa play significant roles in inhibiting the malignant progression of NB. They induce apoptosis primarily by modulating key apoptotic proteins Caspase-3 and Bcl-2, a process that appears to be regulated by NFKBIA. The SHPRH-146aa-RUNX1 interaction further elucidates a novel pathway in the regulation of apoptosis in NB. These findings indicate that circ-SHPRH and its derived peptide SHPRH-146aa could be potential therapeutic targets for NB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Gao
- Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Endoscopy Center, Minhang District Central Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxian Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Xue B, Kadeerhan G, Sun LB, Chen YQ, Hu XF, Zhang ZK, Wang DW. Circulating exosomal miR-16-5p and let-7e-5p are associated with bladder fibrosis of diabetic cystopathy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:837. [PMID: 38191820 PMCID: PMC10774280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cystopathy (DCP) is a prevalent etiology of bladder dysfunction in individuals with longstanding diabetes, frequently leading to bladder interstitial fibrosis. Research investigating the initial pathological alterations of DCP is notably scarce. To comprehend the development of fibrosis and find effective biomarkers for its diagnosis, we prepared streptozotocin-induced long-term diabetic SD rats exhibiting a type 1 diabetes phenotype and bladder fibrosis in histology detection. After observing myofibroblast differentiation from rats' primary bladder fibroblasts with immunofluorescence, we isolated fibroblasts derived exosomes and performed exosomal miRNA sequencing. The co-differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMis) (miR-16-5p and let-7e-5p) were screened through a joint analysis of diabetic rats and long-term patients' plasma data (GES97123) downloaded from the GEO database. Then two co-DEMis were validated by quantitative PCR on exosomes derived from diabetic rats' plasma. Following with a series of analysis, including target mRNAs and transcription factors (TFs) prediction, hubgenes identification, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction and gene enrichment analysis, a miRNA-mediated genetic regulatory network consisting of two miRNAs, nine TFs, and thirty target mRNAs were identified in relation to fibrotic processes. Thus, circulating exosomal miR-16-5p and let-7e-5p are associated with bladder fibrosis of DCP, and the crucial genes in regulatory network might hold immense significance in studying the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis, which deserves further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xue
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Gaohaer Kadeerhan
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Li-Bin Sun
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | | | - Xiao-Feng Hu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | | | - Dong-Wen Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China.
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Anoushirvani AA, Jafarian Yazdi A, Amirabadi S, Asouri SA, Shafabakhsh R, Sheida A, Hosseini Khabr MS, Jafari A, Tamehri Zadeh SS, Hamblin MR, Kalantari L, Talaei Zavareh SA, Mirzaei H. Role of non-coding RNAs in neuroblastoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1190-1208. [PMID: 37217790 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is known as the most prevalent extracranial malignancy in childhood with a neural crest origin. It has been widely accepted that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play important roles in many types of cancer, including glioma and gastrointestinal cancers. They may regulate the cancer gene network. According to recent sequencing and profiling studies, ncRNAs genes are deregulated in human cancers via deletion, amplification, abnormal epigenetic, or transcriptional regulation. Disturbances in the expression of ncRNAs may act either as oncogenes or as anti-tumor suppressor genes, and can lead to the induction of cancer hallmarks. ncRNAs can be secreted from tumor cells inside exosomes, where they can be transferred to other cells to affect their function. However, these topics still need more study to clarify their exact roles, so the present review addresses different roles and functions of ncRNAs in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Arash Anoushirvani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sanaz Amirabadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Ahmadi Asouri
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sheida
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Hosseini Khabr
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX: 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Leila Kalantari
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | | | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran.
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7
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Pisignano G, Michael DC, Visal TH, Pirlog R, Ladomery M, Calin GA. Going circular: history, present, and future of circRNAs in cancer. Oncogene 2023; 42:2783-2800. [PMID: 37587333 PMCID: PMC10504067 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02780-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
To date, thousands of highly abundant and conserved single-stranded RNA molecules shaped into ring structures (circRNAs) have been identified. CircRNAs are multifunctional molecules that have been shown to regulate gene expression transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally and exhibit distinct tissue- and development-specific expression patterns associated with a variety of normal and disease conditions, including cancer pathogenesis. Over the past years, due to their intrinsic stability and resistance to ribonucleases, particular attention has been drawn to their use as reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. However, there are some critical caveats to their utility in the clinic. Their circular shape limits their annotation and a complete functional elucidation is lacking. This makes their detection and biomedical application still challenging. Herein, we review the current knowledge of circRNA biogenesis and function, and of their involvement in tumorigenesis and potential utility in cancer-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Pisignano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - David C Michael
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Tanvi H Visal
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Radu Pirlog
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Ladomery
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Cheng J, Li G, Wang W, Stovall DB, Sui G, Li D. Circular RNAs with protein-coding ability in oncogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188909. [PMID: 37172651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
As ubiquitously expressed transcripts in eukaryotes, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed and lack a 5'-cap and 3'-polyadenylation (poly (A)) tail. Initially, circRNAs were considered non-coding RNA (ncRNA), and their roles as sponging molecules to adsorb microRNAs have been extensively reported. However, in recent years, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that circRNAs could encode functional polypeptides through the initiation of translation mediated by internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) or N6-methyladenosine (m6A). In this review, we collectively discuss the biogenesis, cognate mRNA products, regulatory mechanisms, aberrant expression and biological phenotypes or clinical relevance of all currently reported, cancer-relevant protein-coding circRNAs. Overall, we provide a comprehensive overview of circRNA-encoded proteins and their physiological and pathological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Cheng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guangyue Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenmeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Daniel B Stovall
- College of Arts and Sciences, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC 29733, United States
| | - Guangchao Sui
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Dangdang Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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9
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Baker A, Lorch J, VanderWeele D, Zhang B. Smart Nanocarriers for the Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acid for Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1743. [PMID: 37376190 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of therapeutic approaches and technologies for delivering therapeutic agents have been investigated for treating cancer. Recently, immunotherapy has achieved success in cancer treatment. Successful clinical results of immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer treatment were led by antibodies targeting immune checkpoints, and many have advanced through clinical trials and obtained FDA approval. A major opportunity remains for the development of nucleic acid technology for cancer immunotherapy in the form of cancer vaccines, adoptive T-cell therapies, and gene regulation. However, these therapeutic approaches face many challenges related to their delivery to target cells, including their in vivo decay, the limited uptake by target cells, the requirements for nuclear penetration (in some cases), and the damage caused to healthy cells. These barriers can be avoided and resolved by utilizing advanced smart nanocarriers (e.g., lipids, polymers, spherical nucleic acids, metallic nanoparticles) that enable the efficient and selective delivery of nucleic acids to the target cells and/or tissues. Here, we review studies that have developed nanoparticle-mediated cancer immunotherapy as a technology for cancer patients. Moreover, we also investigate the crosstalk between the function of nucleic acid therapeutics in cancer immunotherapy, and we discuss how nanoparticles can be functionalized and designed to target the delivery and thus improve the efficacy, toxicity, and stability of these therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Baker
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jochen Lorch
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - David VanderWeele
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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10
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Wu K, Tan J, Yang C. Recent advances and application value of circRNA in neuroblastoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1180300. [PMID: 37091173 PMCID: PMC10116045 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1180300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is children’s most prevalent solid malignant tumor, accounting for 15% of childhood cancer mortality. Non-coding RNA is important in NB pathogenesis. As a newly identified non-coding RNA, abnormal regulation (abnormal up-regulation or down-regulation) of the circRNAs expression is implicated in the tumorigenesis of various tumors, including NB. CircRNAs primarily regulate the expression of microRNA (miRNA) target genes by microRNA (miRNA) sponge adsorption. Clinical evidence suggests that the expression of certain circRNAs is associated with the prognosis and clinical features of NB and hence may be exploited as a biomarker or therapeutic target. This review examines circRNAs that have been demonstrated to play a function in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Tan
- Child Healthcare Department, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Child Healthcare Department, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgical Oncology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Yang,
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11
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Zhao L, Fan J, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Dong J. CircRANBP17 modulated KDM1A to regulate neuroblastoma progression by sponging miR-27b-3p. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230672. [PMID: 36941992 PMCID: PMC10024347 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common childhood cancer. Circular RNA RAN binding protein 17 (circRANBP17) has been identified to participate in diverse tumor progression. This study aims to explore the function and mechanism of circRANBP17 in NB. The levels of circRANBP17, miR-27b-3p and KDM1A in NB tissues and cells were measured by qRT-PCR. Mouse model assay was performed to investigate the effect of circRANBP17 knockdown on tumor formation in vivo. The levels of circRANBP17 and KDM1A were significantly up-regulated, and the level of miR-27b-3p was strikingly down-regulated in NB tissues and cells (SK-N-SH and SK-N-AS). Functional studies indicated that miR-27b-3p inhibitor mitigated the inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and the promoting effect on cell apoptosis in SK-N-SH and SK-N-AS cells induced by circRANBP17 knockdown. Also, miR-27b-3p regulated NB cell malignancy by targeting KDM1A. Further studies revealed that miR-27b-3p inhibitor reversed the low expression of KDM1A induced by circRANBP17 knockdown. In support, circRANBP17 knockdown led to inhibition of tumor formation in vivo. In conclusion, circRANBP17 modulated KDM1A to promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion and restrain cell apoptosis in NB by sponging miR-27b-3p, and the new regulatory network may provide a theoretical basis for the further study of NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 215000, China
| | - Junying Fan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 1055, Sanxiang
Road, Gusu District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 215000, China
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Galardi A, Colletti M, Palma A, Di Giannatale A. An Update on Circular RNA in Pediatric Cancers. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010036. [PMID: 36672544 PMCID: PMC9856195 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single-stranded closed noncoding RNA molecules which are formed as a result of reverse splicing of mRNAs. Despite their relative abundance, only recently there appeared an increased interest in the understanding of their regulatory importance. Among their most relevant characteristics are high stability, abundance and evolutionary conservation among species. CircRNAs are implicated in several cellular functions, ranging from miRNA and protein sponges to transcriptional modulation and splicing. Additionally, circRNAs' aberrant expression in pathological conditions is bringing to light their possible use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Their use as indicator molecules of pathological changes is also supported by their peculiar covalent closed cyclic structure which bestows resistance to RNases. Their regulatory role in cancer pathogenesis and metastasis is supported by studies involving human tumors that have investigated different expression profiles of these molecules. As endogenous competitive RNA, circRNAs can regulate tumor proliferation and invasion and they arouse great consideration as potential therapeutic biomarkers and targets for cancer. In this review, we describe the most recent findings on circRNAs in the most common pediatric solid cancers (such as brain tumors, neuroblastomas, and sarcomas) and in more rare ones (such as Wilms tumors, hepatoblastomas, and retinoblastomas).
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Galardi
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Colletti
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palma
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Di Giannatale
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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13
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Khoshbakht T, Hussen BM, Abdullah ST, Taheri M, Samadian M. A review on the role of mir-16-5p in the carcinogenesis. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:342. [DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractmiR-16-5p is microRNA with important roles in the development of diverse malignancies including neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cervical cancer, breast cancer, brain tumors, gastrointestinal cancers, lung cancer and bladder cancer. This miRNA has 22 nucleotides. hsa-miR-16-5p is produced by MIR16-1 gene. First evidence for its participation in the carcinogenesis has been obtained by studies reporting deletion and/or down-regulation of these miRNAs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Subsequent studies have shown down-regulation of miR-16-5p in a variety of cancer cell lines and clinical samples. Besides, tumor suppressor role of miR-16-5p has been verified in animal models of different types of cancers. Studies in these models have shown that over-expression of this miRNA or modulation of expression of lncRNAs that sponge this miRNA can block carcinogenic processes. In the current review, we summarize function of miR-16-5p in the development and progression of different cancers.
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14
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Karami Fath M, Pourbagher Benam S, Salmani K, Naderi S, Fahham Z, Ghiabi S, Houshmand Kia SA, Naderi M, Darvish M, Barati G. Circular RNAs in neuroblastoma: Pathogenesis, potential biomarker, and therapeutic target. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154094. [PMID: 36087416 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common cancer in childhood responsible for 15 % of fatalities by pediatric cancers. Epigenetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of NB. Recently, it has been demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs, ciRNAs), a newly identified class of non-coding RNAs, are also dysregulated in NB. CircRNAs mediate their functions by regulating gene expression mainly through microRNA (miRNA) sponging. The dysregulation (abnormal upregulation or downregulation) of circRNAs is involved in tumorigenesis of a variety of tumors including NB. It seems that the expression of some circRNAs is correlated with NB prognosis and clinical features. CircRNAs might be favorable as a diagnostic/prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. However, due to the lack of studies, it is difficult to make a conclusion regarding the clinical benefits of circRNAs. In this review, we discussed the circRNAs that experimentally have been proved to be dysregulated in NB tissues and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kiana Salmani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Naderi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Fahham
- Faculty of Biology, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shamim Ghiabi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Malihe Naderi
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Maryam Darvish
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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15
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhou S, Dain L, Mei L, Zhu G. Circular RNA: An emerging frontier in RNA therapeutic targets, RNA therapeutics, and mRNA vaccines. J Control Release 2022; 348:84-94. [PMID: 35649485 PMCID: PMC9644292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNA) is a class of natural (biogenic) or synthetic closed RNA without 5' or 3' ends. Meanwhile, their unique covalently-closed structures of circRNA prevent RNA degradation by exonucleases, thereby empowering them with high pharmaceutical stability and biostability relative to current standard-of-care linear mRNA. Natural circRNA can be non-coding RNAs as well as protein-coding RNA, the latter of which was recently discovered. The physiological functions of biogenic circRNAs, which largely remain elusive, include protein and gene sponges, cell activity modulators, and protein translation. The discovery that the circRNA levels can be correlated with some human diseases empowers circRNA with the potential as a novel type of disease biomarkers and a noncanonical class of therapeutic targets. Recently, synthetic circRNA have been engineered to explore their applications as a novel class of mRNA therapeutics and vaccines. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of the biogenesis and physiological functions of natural circRNAs, the approaches to circRNA synthesis, and current research in the exploration of endogenous circRNAs as novel therapeutic targets and testing circRNAs as an emerging class of RNA therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Shurong Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Lauren Dain
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Lei Mei
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Guizhi Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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16
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Yin X, Lin H, Lin L, Miao L, He J, Zhuo Z. LncRNAs and CircRNAs in cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e141. [PMID: 35592755 PMCID: PMC9099016 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- College of Pharmacy Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Huiran Lin
- Faculty of Medicine Macau University of Science and Technology Macau China
| | - Lei Lin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Lei Miao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Zhenjian Zhuo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
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Huang S, Gong N, Li J, Hong M, Li L, Zhang L, Zhang H. The role of ncRNAs in neuroblastoma: mechanisms, biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Biomark Res 2022; 10:18. [PMID: 35392988 PMCID: PMC8991791 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a malignant tumor in young children that originates from the neural crest of the sympathetic nervous system. Generally, NB occurs in the adrenal glands, but it can also affect the nerve tissues of the neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis. Understanding the pathophysiology of NB and developing novel therapeutic approaches are critical. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are associated with crucial aspects of pathology, metastasis and drug resistance in NB. Here, we summarized the pretranscriptional, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs involved in NB, especially focusing on regulatory pathways. Furthermore, ncRNAs with the potential to serve as biomarkers for risk stratification, drug resistance and therapeutic targets are also discussed, highlighting the clinical application of ncRNAs in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Huang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Naying Gong
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jiangbin Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Mingye Hong
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Health Science Center, University of Texas, Houston, 77030, USA.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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18
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Huang R, Zhang W, Li W, Gao Y, Zheng D, Bi G. Overexpressing circ_0000831 is sufficient to inhibit neuroinflammation and vertigo in cerebral ischemia through a miR-16-5p-dependent mechanism. Exp Neurol 2022; 353:114047. [PMID: 35300972 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) hold potential as stroke-related biomarkers due to involvement in various pathophysiological processes associated with cerebral ischemia and stability in peripheral blood. Differentially expressed circulating circRNAs were identified by preliminary sequencing analysis, through which we identified underexpressed circ_0000831 in ischemic stroke (IS). Validation was performed in peripheral blood of IS patients by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Microglia was exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), where polarization phenotypes and inflammation were assessed. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed in mice to mimic ischemic stroke-induced vertigo, where cerebral blood flow, neurological deficits, vertigo degree, infarct area, inflammation and cell apoptosis were assayed in response to ectopic expression and knockdown of circ_0000831, miR-16-5p, and AdipoR2. Mechanically, circ_0000831 bound to miR-16-5p and downregulated miR-16-5p, and AdipoR2 was targeted by miR-16-5p and increased PPARγ expression in microglia. Furthermore, circ_0000831, AdipoR2, or PPARγ overexpression or miR-16-5p inhibition alleviated neuroinflammation, vertigo, neurological deficit, and cell apoptosis in MCAO mice. Consistently, circ_0000831, AdipoR2, or PPARγ upregulation or miR-16-5p downregulation diminished apoptosis and inflammation of OGD-induced microglia. Consequently, these findings pinpoint the circ_0000831/miR-16-5p/AdipoR2 axis as an essential signaling pathway during ischemia stroke. Thus, the circRNA circ_0000831 may work as a possible target for novel treatment in patients with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Weishuai Li
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Dongming Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Guorong Bi
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China.
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19
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Yang L, Yang S, Ren C, Liu S, Zhang X, Sui A. Deciphering the roles of miR-16-5p in Malignant Solid Tumorsmalignant solid tumors. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 148:112703. [PMID: 35149384 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
MiR-16-5p, a member of the miR-16 family, has been reported to be abnormal expression in tumor tissues and blood of tumor patients, and also downregulated in most cancer cell lines. Aberrant expression of miR-16-5p promotes tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and can also affect the treatment sensitivity, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Generally, miR-16-5p plays an anti-tumor role and these diverse functions of miR-16-5p in tumors collectively indicate that miR-16-5p may become an attractive target for novel anticancer therapies and a powerful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for early tumor detection and population risk screening. Herein we review the role and utilization of miR-16-5p in malignant tumor in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyi Yang
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Graduate School of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Graduate School of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Congcong Ren
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Shihua Liu
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaopei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Aixia Sui
- Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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20
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Jin Q, Li J, Yang F, Feng L, Du X. Circular RNA circKIF2A Contributes to the Progression of Neuroblastoma Through Regulating PRPS1 Expression by Sponging miR-377-3p. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:1380-1401. [PMID: 35039981 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor originating from the primitive neural crest. Circular RNA (circRNA) Kinesin Superfamily Protein 2A (circKIF2A, also known as hsa_circ_0129276) has been reported to be upregulated in neuroblastoma. However, the molecular mechanism of circKIF2A participated in neuroblastoma is poorly defined. We analyzed the expression levels of circKIF2A, microRNA-377-3p (miR-377-3p), and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1) in neuroblastoma tissues and cell lines (SK-N-AS and LAN-6) and explored their roles. The expression levels of CircKIF2A and PRPS1 were increased and that of miR-377-3p were decreased in 21 neuroblastoma tissues and cells. Functionally, the silencing of circKIF2A inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and glycolysis, boosted apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells in vitro, and blocked the growth of subcutaneously transplanted tumors in nude mice. Mechanically, circKIF2A could work as a sponge of miR-377-3p to enhance PRPS1 expression. CircKIF2A knockdown impedes cell proliferation, metastasis, and glycolysis partly by regulating the miR-377-3p/PRPS1 axis, suggesting that targeting circKIF2A can be a feasible therapeutic strategy for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiantao first people's Hospital Affiliated to Changjiang University, Shazui Street, Xiantao, 433000, Hubei, China
| | - Jianmu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiantao first people's Hospital Affiliated to Changjiang University, Shazui Street, Xiantao, 433000, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiantao first people's Hospital Affiliated to Changjiang University, Shazui Street, Xiantao, 433000, Hubei, China
| | - Lingling Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiantao first people's Hospital Affiliated to Changjiang University, Shazui Street, Xiantao, 433000, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiantao first people's Hospital Affiliated to Changjiang University, Shazui Street, Xiantao, 433000, Hubei, China.
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21
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Shen Q, Liu X, Li W, Zhao X, Li T, Zhou K, Zhou J. Emerging Role and Mechanism of circRNAs in Pediatric Malignant Solid Tumors. Front Genet 2022; 12:820936. [PMID: 35116058 PMCID: PMC8804321 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.820936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with covalent closed-loop structures and are widely distributed in eukaryotes, conserved and stable as well as tissue-specific. Malignant solid tumors pose a serious health risk to children and are one of the leading causes of pediatric mortality. Studies have shown that circRNAs play an important regulatory role in the development of childhood malignant solid tumors, hence are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumors. This paper reviews the biological characteristics and functions of circRNAs as well as the research progress related to childhood malignant solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyang Shen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of ENT, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- *Correspondence: Jianfeng Zhou, ; Kai Zhou,
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianfeng Zhou, ; Kai Zhou,
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22
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Yu J, Yang L, Lu H. The emerging role of circular RNAs in common solid malignant tumors in children. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:309. [PMID: 34116651 PMCID: PMC8196486 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors are one of the fatal diseases that threaten children’s physical and mental health and affect their development. Research has shown that the occurrence and development of malignant tumors are associated with the abnormal expression and regulation of genes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that have a closed circular structure, with a relatively stable expression, and do not undergo exonuclease-mediated degradation readily. Recent studies have shown that circRNA plays an important role in the occurrence, metastasis, and invasion of solid malignant tumors (SMTs) in children. Thus, circRNA is being considered as a breakthrough in the treatment of SMTs in children. In this review, we describe the functions and mechanisms of circRNAs involved in SMTs in children oncogenesis, and summarize the roles of circRNAs in regulating cell proliferation, cell apoptotic death, the cell cycle, cell migrative and invasive ability, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells and drug resistance in SMTs in children. In addition, we also discuss the role of circRNAs in the early diagnosis, pathological grading, targeted therapy, and prognosis evaluation of common SMTs in children. CircRNAs are likely to provide a novel direction in therapy in SMTs of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Yu
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Surgical Center of Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, No. 6, Tongfu Rd, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, China
| | - Li Yang
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Surgical Center of Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, No. 6, Tongfu Rd, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, China
| | - Hongting Lu
- Surgical Center of Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, No. 6, Tongfu Rd, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong, China.
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23
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He AT, Liu J, Li F, Yang BB. Targeting circular RNAs as a therapeutic approach: current strategies and challenges. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:185. [PMID: 34016945 PMCID: PMC8137869 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in circular RNA (circRNA) research in recent years. Increasing evidence suggests that circRNAs play important roles in many cellular processes, and their dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. CircRNAs are highly stable and usually expressed in a tissue- or cell type-specific manner. Therefore, they are currently being explored as potential therapeutic targets. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches are typically performed using circRNA expression plasmids and RNA interference-based strategies, respectively. These strategies have limitations that can be mitigated using nanoparticle and exosome delivery systems. Furthermore, recent developments show that the cre-lox system can be used to knockdown circRNAs in a cell-specific manner. While still in the early stages of development, the CRISPR/Cas13 system has shown promise in knocking down circRNAs with high specificity and efficiency. In this review, we describe circRNA properties and functions and highlight their significance in disease. We summarize strategies that can be used to overexpress or knockdown circRNAs as a therapeutic approach. Lastly, we discuss major challenges and propose future directions for the development of circRNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina T. He
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jinglei Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, ATCGene Inc, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feiya Li
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Burton B. Yang
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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24
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de Sá Pereira BM, Montalvão de Azevedo R, da Silva Guerra JV, Faria PA, Soares-Lima SC, De Camargo B, Maschietto M. Non-coding RNAs in Wilms' tumor: biological function, mechanism, and clinical implications. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1043-1055. [PMID: 33950291 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs are involved with maintenance and regulation of physiological mechanisms and are involved in pathological processes, such as cancer. Among the small ncRNAs, miRNAs are the most explored in tumorigenesis, metastasis development, and resistance to chemotherapy. These small molecules of ~ 22 nucleotides are modulated during early renal development, involved in the regulation of gene expression and Wilms' tumor progression. Wilms' tumors are embryonic tumors with few mutations and complex epigenetic dysregulation. In recent years, the small ncRNAs have been explored as potentially related both in physiological development and in the tumorigenesis of several types of cancer. Besides, genes regulated by miRNAs are related to biological pathways as PI3K, Wnt, TGF-β, and Hippo signaling pathways, among others, which may be involved with the underlying mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy, and in this way, it has emerged as potential targets for cancer therapies, including for Wilms' tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafaela Montalvão de Azevedo
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCa), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Current institution: Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing Unit, Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - João Victor da Silva Guerra
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutic Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Faria
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCa), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariana Maschietto
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil. .,Current: Research Institute, Boldrini Children's Hospital, Rua Dr. Gabriel Porto, 1270 - Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP, 13083-210, Brazil.
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25
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Wu P, Fang X, Liu Y, Tang Y, Wang W, Li X, Fan Y. N6-methyladenosine modification of circCUX1 confers radioresistance of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma through caspase1 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:298. [PMID: 33741902 PMCID: PMC7979824 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in otolaryngology head and neck surgery and is one of the worst prognostic malignant tumors. Endogenous circular RNA (circRNA) is more stable than mRNA, microRNA (miRNA), and long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) in exosomes, plasma, and urine, and participates in gene expression regulation to perform different functions. Therefore, circRNA is expected to become a biomarker and therapy target for many tumors. However, the expression and function of circRNA regulated by N6-methyladenosine (m6A) are still unclear in HNSCC. In this study, we demonstrated that a specific circRNA, circCUX1, was upregulated in HPSCC patients who are resistant to radiotherapy and predicts poor survival outcome. We further found that methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) mediated the m6A methylation of circCUX1 and stabilizes its expression. Knockdown circCUX1 promotes the sensitivity of hypopharyngeal cancer cells to radiotherapy. In addition, circCUX1 binds to Caspase1 and inhibits its expression, resulting in a decrease in the release of inflammatory factors, thereby developing tolerance to radiotherapy. Our findings indicate that circCUX1 is a potential therapeutic target for radiotherapy tolerance in HPSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery; Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xing Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery; Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yalan Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery; Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yaoyun Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery; Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery; Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery; Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yuhua Fan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery; Province Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Critical Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
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26
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Marengo B, Pulliero A, Corrias MV, Leardi R, Farinini E, Fronza G, Menichini P, Monti P, Monteleone L, Valenti GE, Speciale A, Perri P, Madia F, Izzotti A, Domenicotti C. Potential Role of miRNAs in the Acquisition of Chemoresistance in Neuroblastoma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020107. [PMID: 33562297 PMCID: PMC7916079 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) accounts for about 8–10% of pediatric cancers, and the main causes of death are the presence of metastases and the acquisition of chemoresistance. Metastatic NB is characterized by MYCN amplification that correlates with changes in the expression of miRNAs, which are small non-coding RNA sequences, playing a crucial role in NB development and chemoresistance. In the present study, miRNA expression was analyzed in two human MYCN-amplified NB cell lines, one sensitive (HTLA-230) and one resistant to Etoposide (ER-HTLA), by microarray and RT-qPCR techniques. These analyses showed that miRNA-15a, -16-1, -19b, -218, and -338 were down-regulated in ER-HTLA cells. In order to validate the presence of this down-regulation in vivo, the expression of these miRNAs was analyzed in primary tumors, metastases, and bone marrow of therapy responder and non-responder pediatric patients. Principal component analysis data showed that the expression of miRNA-19b, -218, and -338 influenced metastases, and that the expression levels of all miRNAs analyzed were higher in therapy responders in respect to non-responders. Collectively, these findings suggest that these miRNAs might be involved in the regulation of the drug response, and could be employed for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Marengo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16100 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (G.E.V.); (A.I.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-3538831
| | | | - Maria Valeria Corrias
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16100 Genova, Italy; (M.V.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Riccardo Leardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, 16100 Genova, Italy; (R.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Emanuele Farinini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, 16100 Genova, Italy; (R.L.); (E.F.)
| | - Gilberto Fronza
- UOC Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genova, Italy; (G.F.); (P.M.); (P.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Paola Menichini
- UOC Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genova, Italy; (G.F.); (P.M.); (P.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Paola Monti
- UOC Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genova, Italy; (G.F.); (P.M.); (P.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Monteleone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16100 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (G.E.V.); (A.I.); (C.D.)
| | - Giulia Elda Valenti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16100 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (G.E.V.); (A.I.); (C.D.)
| | - Andrea Speciale
- UOC Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genova, Italy; (G.F.); (P.M.); (P.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Patrizia Perri
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16100 Genova, Italy; (M.V.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Francesca Madia
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, 16100 Genova, Italy;
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16100 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (G.E.V.); (A.I.); (C.D.)
- UOC Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genova, Italy; (G.F.); (P.M.); (P.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Cinzia Domenicotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16100 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (G.E.V.); (A.I.); (C.D.)
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