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Zhang X, Liu Z, Li Z, Qi L, Huang T, Li F, Li M, Wang Y, Ma Z, Gao Y. Ferroptosis pathways: Unveiling the neuroprotective power of cistache deserticola phenylethanoid glycosides. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118465. [PMID: 38944360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistanche deserticola is a kind of parasitic plant living in the roots of desert trees. It is a rare Chinese medicine, which has the effect of tonifying kidney Yang, benefiting essence and blood and moistening the intestinal tract. Cistache deserticola phenylethanoid glycoside (PGS), an active component found in Cistanche deserticola Ma, have potential kidney tonifying, intellectual enhancing, and neuroprotective effects. Cistanche total glycoside capsule has been marketed to treat vascular dementia disease. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify the potential renal, intellectual enhancing and neuroprotective effects of PGS and explore the exact targets and mechanisms of PGS. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study systematically investigated the four types of pathways leading to ferroptosis through transcriptome, metabolome, ultrastructure and molecular biology techniques and explored the molecular mechanism by which multiple PGS targets and pathways synergistically exert neuroprotective effects on hypoxia. RESULTS PGS alleviated learning and memory dysfunction and pathological injury in mice exposed to hypobaric hypoxia by attenuating hypobaric hypoxia-induced hippocampal histopathological damage, impairing blood‒brain barrier integrity, increasing oxidative stress levels, and increasing the expression of cognitive proteins. PGS reduced the formation of lipid peroxides and improved ferroptosis by upregulating the GPX-4/SCL7A311 axis and downregulating the ACSL4/LPCAT3/LOX axis. PGS also reduced ferroptosis by facilitating cellular Fe2+ efflux and regulating mitochondrial Fe2+ transport and effectively antagonized cell ferroptosis induced by erastin (a ferroptosis inducer). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the mechanism by which PGS prevents hypobaric hypoxic nerve injury through four types of ferroptosis pathways, achieved neuroprotective effects and alleviated learning and memory dysfunction in hypobaric hypoxia mice. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of PGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxie Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoxu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Qi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Tianke Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Maoxing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Zengchun Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 100850, Beijing, China.
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Jing L, Da Q, Zhang S, Zhang J, Ma H, Luo H. Nitronyl Nitroxide Ameliorates Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Mice by Suppressing the Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Response and Apoptosis. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:785-799. [PMID: 38103103 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Abundant investigations have shown that hypobaric hypoxia (HH) causes cognitive impairment, mostly attributed to oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. HPN (4'-hydroxyl-2-subsitiuted phenylnitronyl nitroxide) is an excellent free radical scavenger with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. Our previous study has found that HPN exhibited neuroprotective effect on HH induced brain injury. In the present study, we examined the protective effect and potential mechanism of HPN on HH-induced cognitive impairment. Male mice were exposed to HH at 8000 m for 3 days with and without HPN treatment. Cognitive performance was assessed by the eight-arm radical maze. The histological changes were assayed by Nissle staining. The hippocampus cell apoptosis was detected by Tunnel staining. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were detected. The expression of oxidative stress, inflammation-related and apoptosis-related proteins was determined by western blot. HPN administration significantly and mitigated HH induced histological damages and spatial memory loss with the evidence of decreased working memory error (WME), reference memory error (RME), total errors (TE) and total time (TT). In addition, HPN treatment significantly decreased the content of H2O2 and MDA, increased the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and GSH, and inhibited the synthesis of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Moreover, HPN administration could down-regulate the expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 and up-regulate the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and Bcl-2. The number of apoptotic cells was also significantly decreased in the hippocampus of mice in the HPN group. There results indicate that HPN improve HH-induced cognitive impairment by alleviating oxidative stress damage, suppressing inflammatory response and apoptosis and may be a powerful candidate compound for alleviating memory loss induced by HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, NO.277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support force of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingyue Da
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, NO.277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support force of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, NO.277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support force of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support force of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support force of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, NO.1439 Zhufeng Road, Doumen District, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Chen H, Chen C, Qin Y, Wang L, Zheng J, Gao F. Protective effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate counteracting the chronic hypobaric hypoxia-induced myocardial injury in plain-grown rats at high altitude. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:921-933. [PMID: 37875765 PMCID: PMC10746658 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) environment causes stress to the body, especially the oxygen-consuming organs. Chronic HH conditions have adverse effects on the myocardium. Thus, we conducted this experiment and aim to evaluate such adverse effects and explore the therapeutic role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in rats' heart under chronic HH conditions. For that purpose, we transported rats from plain to a real HH environment at high altitude for establishing the HH model. At high altitude, animals were treated with EGCG while the salidroside was used as the positive control. General physiological data were collected, and routine blood test results were analyzed. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was examined to assess the structural and functional changes of the heart. Serum levels of cardiac enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined. Oxidative markers in the left ventricle (LV) were detected. Additionally, ultrastructural and histopathological changes and apoptosis of the LV were assessed. Furthermore, the antioxidant stress-relevant proteins nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were detected. The experiment revealed that EGCG treatment decreased HH-induced elevation of cardiac enzymes and relieved mitochondrial damage of the LV. Notably, EGCG treatment significantly alleviated oxidative stress in the LV and inflammatory response in the blood. Western blot confirmed that EGCG significantly upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1. Therefore, EGCG may be considered a promising natural compound for treating the HH-induced myocardial injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuhui Qin
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fabao Gao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Chen X, Zhang J, Lin Y, Li Y, Wang H, Wang Z, Liu H, Hu Y, Liu L. Mechanism, prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment caused by high altitude exposure. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1191058. [PMID: 37731540 PMCID: PMC10507266 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1191058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) characteristics induce impaired cognitive function, reduced concentration, and memory. In recent years, an increasing number of people have migrated to high-altitude areas for work and study. Headache, sleep disturbance, and cognitive impairment from HH, severely challenges the physical and mental health and affects their quality of life and work efficiency. This review summarizes the manifestations, mechanisms, and preventive and therapeutic methods of HH environment affecting cognitive function and provides theoretical references for exploring and treating high altitude-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Sichuan Xincheng Biological Co., LTD., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The 77th Army Hospital, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhanhao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huawei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonghe Hu
- Faculty of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Medical Research Center, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Huan Y, Quan H, Jia B, Hao G, Shi Z, Zhao T, Yuan Y, Yuan F, Dong Y, Liang G. High-altitude cerebral hypoxia promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of mouse neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1216947. [PMID: 37501726 PMCID: PMC10370763 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1216947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neuronal cell death is an important factor in the pathogenesis of acute high-altitude cerebral hypoxia; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we tested if high-altitude hypoxia (HAH) causes neuronal death and mitochondrial dysfunction using various in vivo and in vitro approaches. Methods Acute high-altitude cerebral hypoxia was induced by hypobaric hypoxia chamber in male mice. we explored the mechanisms of neuronal cell death using immunofluorescence, western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. Next, mitochondrial function and morphology were observed using Jc-1 staining, seahorse assay, western blotting, MitoTracker staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, open field test, elevated plus test, and Morris water maze were applied for animal behavior. Results Results revealed that HAH disrupted mitochondrial function and promoted neuronal apoptosis and necroptosis both in HT-22 cells and in mouse hippocampal neurons. Moreover, the mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate production decreased in neurons after HAH, while oxidative stress and mitochondrial fission increased. Behavioral studies suggested that HAH induced anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial memory, while it had no effect on athletic ability. Discussion These findings demonstrated that HAH promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of mouse neurons, thus providing new insights into the role of mitochondrial function and neuronal cell death in acute high-altitude cerebral hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huan
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Huilin Quan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guangzhi Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zuolin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianzi Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yushu Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Guobiao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
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Kim JE, Kim TH, Kang TC. EGCG Attenuates CA1 Neuronal Death by Regulating GPx1, NF-κB S536 Phosphorylation and Mitochondrial Dynamics in the Rat Hippocampus following Status Epilepticus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040966. [PMID: 37107343 PMCID: PMC10136286 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is an antioxidant that directly scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits pro-oxidant enzymes. Although EGCG protects hippocampal neurons from status epilepticus (SE, a prolonged seizure activity), the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. As the preservation of mitochondrial dynamics is essential for cell viability, it is noteworthy to elucidate the effects of EGCG on impaired mitochondrial dynamics and the related signaling pathways in SE-induced CA1 neuronal degeneration, which are yet unclear. In the present study, we found that EGCG attenuated SE-induced CA1 neuronal death, accompanied by glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) induction. EGCG also abrogated mitochondrial hyperfusion in these neurons by the preservation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)-dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1)-mediated mitochondrial fission, independent of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity. Furthermore, EGCG abolished SE-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) serine (S) 536 phosphorylation in CA1 neurons. ERK1/2 inhibition by U0126 diminished the effect of EGCG on neuroprotection and mitochondrial hyperfusion in response to SE without affecting GPx1 induction and NF-κB S536 phosphorylation, indicating that the restoration of ERK1/2-DRP1-mediated fission may be required for the neuroprotective effects of EGCG against SE. Therefore, our findings suggest that EGCG may protect CA1 neurons from SE insults through GPx1-ERK1/2-DRP1 and GPx1-NF-κB signaling pathways, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Cheon Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Epilepsy Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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Qu Y, Wu Y, Cheng W, Wang D, Zeng L, Wang Y, Li T, Zhang L, Yang J, Sun L, Ai J. Amelioration of cognitive impairment using epigallocatechin-3-gallate in ovariectomized mice fed a high-fat diet involves remodeling with Prevotella and Bifidobacteriales. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1079313. [PMID: 36686657 PMCID: PMC9846573 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1079313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Estrogen deficiency and a high-fat diet (HFD) are both risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). HFD can accelerate cognitive impairment in estrogen-deficient patients, but there is currently no effective treatment. Epigallocatechin-3-galate (EGCG) is widely studied for its anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-neurodegeneration effects. Nevertheless, whether EGCG can ameliorate cognitive impairment in HFD-fed estrogen-deficient mice has not been studied. Methods and Results: Ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed an HFD (HFOVX) for 8 weeks experienced impaired object recognition and spatial memory, but this damage was significantly attenuated by the administration of EGCG at a dose of 45 mg/kg. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we found that HFOVX changed the diversity and structure of the gut microbiota in mice, which could be restored with EGCG. Further analysis showed that HFOVX exposure not only resulted in a decrease of Alloprevotella in Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillaceae in Firmicutes, and Prevotella in Bacteroidetes but also in an increase of Bifidobacteriales in Actinobacteria. EGCG effectively reversed the decrease of Prevotella and inhibited the increase of Bifidobacteriales but had no effect on the decrease of Alloprevotella or Lactobacillaceae or on the increase of Enterorhabdus in HFOVX mice. Additionally, using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, we found that EGCG significantly reversed the five functional gut microbiota genes elevated by HFOVX, including iron complex transport system substrate-binding protein, iron complex transport system permease protein, 3-oxoacyl- [acyl-carrier protein] reductase, transketolase, and 8-oxo-dGTP diphosphatase. Conclusions: We concluded that EGCG improved cognitive impairment in mice with estrogen deficiency exacerbated by an HFD involved a rebuilding of the disrupted gut microbiota composition.
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High-Altitude Hypoxia Exposure Induces Iron Overload and Ferroptosis in Adipose Tissue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122367. [PMID: 36552575 PMCID: PMC9774922 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
High altitude (HA) has become one of the most challenging environments featuring hypobaric hypoxia, which seriously threatens public health, hence its gradual attraction of public attention over the past decade. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of HA hypoxia on iron levels, redox state, inflammation, and ferroptosis in adipose tissue. Here, 40 mice were randomly divided into two groups: the sea-level group and HA hypoxia group (altitude of 5000 m, treatment for 4 weeks). Total iron contents, ferrous iron contents, ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, the oxidative enzyme system, proinflammatory factor secretion, and ferroptosis-related biomarkers were examined, respectively. According to the results, HA exposure increases total iron and ferrous iron levels in both WAT and BAT. Meanwhile, ROS release, MDA, 4-HNE elevation, GSH depletion, as well as the decrease in SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities further evidenced a phenotype of redox imbalance in adipose tissue during HA exposure. Additionally, the secretion of inflammatory factors was also significantly enhanced in HA mice. Moreover, the remarkably changed expression of ferroptosis-related markers suggested that HA exposure increased ferroptosis sensitivity in adipose tissue. Overall, this study reveals that HA exposure is capable of inducing adipose tissue redox imbalance, inflammatory response, and ferroptosis, driven in part by changes in iron overload, which is expected to provide novel preventive targets for HA-related illness.
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Zhang L, Meng J, Li H, Tang M, Zhou Z, Zhou X, Feng L, Li X, Guo Y, He Y, He W, Huang X. Hippocampal adaptation to high altitude: a neuroanatomic profile of hippocampal subfields in Tibetans and acclimatized Han Chinese residents. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:999033. [DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.999033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is highly plastic and vulnerable to hypoxia. However, it is unknown whether and how it adapts to chronic hypobaric hypoxia in humans. With a unique sample of Tibetans and acclimatized Han Chinese individuals residing on the Tibetan plateau, we aimed to build a neuroanatomic profile of the altitude-adapted hippocampus by measuring the volumetric differences in the whole hippocampus and its subfields. High-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was performed in healthy Tibetans (TH, n = 72) and healthy Han Chinese individuals living at an altitude of more than 3,500 m (HH, n = 27). In addition, healthy Han Chinese individuals living on a plain (HP, n = 72) were recruited as a sea-level reference group. Whereas the total hippocampal volume did not show a significant difference across groups when corrected for age, sex, and total intracranial volume, subfield-level differences within the hippocampus were found. Post hoc analyses revealed that Tibetans had larger core hippocampal subfields (bilateral CA3, right CA4, right dentate gyrus); a larger right hippocampus–amygdala transition area; and smaller bilateral presubiculum, right subiculum, and bilateral fimbria, than Han Chinese subjects (HH and/or HP). The hippocampus and all its subfields were found to be slightly and non-significantly smaller in HH subjects than in HP subjects. As a primary explorational study, our data suggested that while the overall hippocampal volume did not change, the core hippocampus of Tibetans may have an effect of adaptation to chronic hypobaric hypoxia. However, this adaptation may have required generations rather than mere decades to accumulate in the population.
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Abdelmeguid NE, Hammad TM, Abdel-Moneim AM, Salam SA. Effect of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on Stress-Induced Depression in a Mouse Model: Role of Interleukin-1β and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3464-3475. [PMID: 35939172 PMCID: PMC9546794 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is a natural polyphenolic antioxidant in green tea leaves with well-known health-promoting properties. However, the influence of EGCG on a chronic animal model of depression remains to be fully investigated, and the details of the molecular and cellular changes are still unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effect of EGCG in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). After eight consecutive weeks of CUMS, the mice were treated with EGCG (200 mg/kg b.w.) by oral gavage for two weeks. A forced swimming test (FST) was used to assess depressive symptoms. EGCG administration significantly alleviated CUMS-induced depression-like behavior in mice. EGCG also effectively decreased serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and increased the mRNA expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampal CA3 region of CUMS mice. Furthermore, electron microscopic examination of CA3 neurons in CUMS mice showed morphological features of apoptosis, loss or disruption of the myelin sheath, and degenerating synapses. These neuronal injuries were diminished with the administration of EGCG. The treatment effect of EGCG in CUMS-induced behavioral alterations was comparable with that of clomipramine hydrochloride (Anafranil), a tricyclic antidepressant drug. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the antidepressive action of EGCG involves downregulation of serum IL-1β, upregulation of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus, and reduction of CA3 neuronal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila E Abdelmeguid
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Tasneem M Hammad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ashraf M Abdel-Moneim
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Sherine Abdel Salam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
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