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Becquet C, Cogez J, Dayan J, Lebain P, Viader F, Eustache F, Quinette P. Episodic Autobiographical Memory Impairment and Differences in Pronoun Use: Study of Self-Awareness in Functional Amnesia and Transient Global Amnesia. Front Psychol 2021; 12:624010. [PMID: 34721125 PMCID: PMC8551381 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.624010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The subjective experience associated to memory processing is the core of the definition of episodic autobiographical memory (EAM). However, while it is widely known that amnesia affects the content of memories, few studies focused on the consequences of an impairment of EAM on the subjective self, also called the I-self. In the present study, we explored the I-self in two puzzling disorders that affect EAM: functional amnesia, which has an impact on autobiographical memory, and transient global amnesia (TGA), which only affects episodic memory. I-self was assessed through an original measure of self-integration in autobiographical narratives, namely the use of general or personal pronouns. Results showed that patients with functional amnesia tended to use general pronouns, whereas patients with TGA preferentially used the first person. The link between I-self and depersonalization-derealisation tendencies was also explored, showing dissociative tendencies in patients with functional amnesia but not in patients with TGA. We discuss these results from a combined neuropsychological and psychopathological perspective, with a view to proposing an explanatory model of the links between self-awareness and the episodic component of autobiographical memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Becquet
- “Neuropsychology and Imaging of Human Memory” Research Unit, Caen-Normandy University-PSL Research University-EPHE-INSERM-Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Julien Cogez
- Neurology Department, Caen-Normandy University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Jacques Dayan
- “Neuropsychology and Imaging of Human Memory” Research Unit, Caen-Normandy University-PSL Research University-EPHE-INSERM-Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de I’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Pierrick Lebain
- Psychiatry Department, Caen-Normandy University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Fausto Viader
- “Neuropsychology and Imaging of Human Memory” Research Unit, Caen-Normandy University-PSL Research University-EPHE-INSERM-Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- “Neuropsychology and Imaging of Human Memory” Research Unit, Caen-Normandy University-PSL Research University-EPHE-INSERM-Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Peggy Quinette
- “Neuropsychology and Imaging of Human Memory” Research Unit, Caen-Normandy University-PSL Research University-EPHE-INSERM-Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
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Becquet C, Viader F, Eustache F, Quinette P. Self-awareness in Transient Global Amnesia: distinguishing the effects of transient memory disorder vs. pre-existing vulnerability factors. Neurocase 2021; 27:196-204. [PMID: 33856957 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2021.1912359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous evidences suggest the existence of relationships between the impairment of episodic memory, acute stress exposure and variations in self-awareness (SA). Here, we examined 27 patients presenting transient global amnesia (TGA), a clinical condition which combines episodic amnesia and high anxiety, thanks to state and trait questionnaires of SA. We observed variation of SA depending on the stage of TGA (acute, recovery and follow-up). We also found preexisting differences in patient's awareness of their own image when the precipitating event was physical, encouraging us to give more consideration to the social determinants of stress in physiological cascade of TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Becquet
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Centre Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Fausto Viader
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Centre Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Centre Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Peggy Quinette
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Centre Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
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Hsieh SW, Chen CH, Ho B, Yang ST, Yang YH. Long-term risk of depression after transient global amnesia: A population-based study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:413-414. [PMID: 32333492 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Wung Hsieh
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siao-Gang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siao-Gang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bolin Ho
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Tzu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siao-Gang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Han Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Master's Program in Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Chinese Mentality Protection Association, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Serum cortisol levels in patients with a transient global amnesia. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020; 176:285-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Griebe M, Ebert A, Nees F, Katic K, Gerber B, Szabo K. Enhanced cortisol secretion in acute transient global amnesia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 99:72-79. [PMID: 30193207 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stress-related transient inhibition of memory formation in the hippocampus has been hypothesized as one of the underlying pathomechanisms of transient global amnesia (TGA). TGA episodes, during which patients cannot encode and recall new information (anterograde amnesia affecting episodic long-term memory), are frequently preceded by a psychologically or physically stressful event. METHODS We measured salivary cortisol during acute TGA in 14 patients, as well as cortisol day-profiles and the effect of experimental exposure to stress (using the socially evaluated cold pressor test) on cortisol levels during the subacute phase. We assessed psychiatric comorbidity as well as depression, trait anxiety and chronic stress. These findings were compared with data of 20 healthy controls. FINDINGS Nine patients reported a precipitating stressor and all 14 developed typical hippocampal lesions on follow-up MRI. During TGA, salivary cortisol levels were more than 3-fold higher compared to time-matched day levels. While there was no difference in mean cortisol levels of the diurnal rhythm, we found a significant interaction between groups during experimental stress exposure (p = 0.049) with the TGA group revealing a higher cortisol increase. The TGA group reported higher levels of depressive symptomatology (CES-D) and higher scores of chronic stress (TICS) compared with the control group and there was a significant correlation between cortisol increase during TGA and the results of self-rating according to the CES-D (r = 0.615; p = 0.004), as well as to the STAI (r = 0.702; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings of enhanced secretion of cortisol in acute TGA patients correlating with symptoms of depression and anxiety and a persisting hyperreactivity to experimental stress in the subacute phase support the hypothesis that stress might be significant for the pathogenesis of TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Griebe
- Department of Neurology, UniversitätsMedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Ebert
- Department of Neurology, UniversitätsMedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina Katic
- Department of Neurology, UniversitätsMedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benjamin Gerber
- Department of Neurology, UniversitätsMedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kristina Szabo
- Department of Neurology, UniversitätsMedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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Durrani M, Milas J, Parson G, Pescatore R. Temporary Memory Steal: Transient Global Amnesia Secondary to Nephrolithiasis. Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med 2018; 2:334-337. [PMID: 30443620 PMCID: PMC6230338 DOI: 10.5811/cpcem.2018.9.39338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient global amnesia (TGA) is typified by an abrupt and transient anterograde amnesia, “with repetitive questioning and often variable retrograde amnesia persisting up to 24 hours.” A 54-year-old male presented to our emergency department with paroxysms of left-sided flank pain, suggestive of renal colic. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen/pelvis revealed a three-millimeter left ureterovesicular-junction calculus. Pain control proved difficult, necessitating multiple doses of opioid and non-opioid analgesia. Subsequently, the patient developed repetitive questioning and perseveration with anterograde amnesia with a negative CT brain and unremarkable further workup. He experienced a complete resolution of symptoms within a 24-hour period, with a discharge diagnosis of TGA secondary to nephrolithiasis. This is the third case of TGA attributed to nephrolithiasis in the medical literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Durrani
- Inspira Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Vineland, New Jersey
| | - Jerry Milas
- Inspira Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Vineland, New Jersey
| | - Gregory Parson
- Inspira Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Vineland, New Jersey
| | - Richard Pescatore
- Inspira Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Vineland, New Jersey
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Ducros A, Wolff V. The Typical Thunderclap Headache of Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome and its Various Triggers. Headache 2016; 56:657-73. [DOI: 10.1111/head.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ducros
- Department of Neurology; Montpellier University Hospital, and Montpellier University; Montpellier France (A. Ducros)
| | - Valérie Wolff
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology; Strasbourg University Hospital; Strasbourg France (V. Wolff)
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Noël A, Quinette P, Dayan J, de la Sayette V, Viader F, Desgranges B, Giffard B, Eustache F. Influence of depressive symptoms on memory in transient global amnesia. J Neuropsychol 2015; 11:108-121. [PMID: 26179568 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have shown that patients with transient global amnesia (TGA) experience a depressive mood during the episode. However, little evidence has been found of possible mood congruency effects on memory, which are probably masked by the massive anterograde amnesia. An implicit assessment could provide a means of settling this question. METHODS First, we measured patients' emotional states on psychopathological scales. Second, we administered a lexical decision task to assess three priming effects: Semantic priming (SP; table-chair), emotional priming (EP; murder-garbage), and emotional plus semantic priming (ESP; cemetery-coffin). RESULTS Patients displayed a more depressed mood than controls. For patients, we found a SP effect in the ESP condition and a striking inhibition effect (i.e., negative target recognized more slowly when preceded by a negative prime rather than a neutral one) in the EP condition. For controls, a priming effect was found in the SP and ESP conditions, but not the EP condition. Finally, whereas the priming effect was greater in SP than in the other two conditions for controls, for patients it was the EP condition that stood out from the other two, being the only condition that led to an inhibition effect. CONCLUSIONS We highlighted a mood congruency effect in TGA which could impel patients to focus their attention on negative information. While the negative valence of items always led to a slowdown in reaction times for both patients and controls, attesting to a negativity bias, this bias was greater in patients, leading to an inhibition effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Noël
- UMR-S1077, INSERM, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, University of Caen Lower Normandy, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France.,EA 1285, CRPCC, Rennes, France.,EA 1285, University of Rennes 2, France
| | - Peggy Quinette
- UMR-S1077, INSERM, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, University of Caen Lower Normandy, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Jacques Dayan
- UMR-S1077, INSERM, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, University of Caen Lower Normandy, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France.,Guillaume Régnier University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent de la Sayette
- UMR-S1077, INSERM, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, University of Caen Lower Normandy, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Fausto Viader
- UMR-S1077, INSERM, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, University of Caen Lower Normandy, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Béatrice Desgranges
- UMR-S1077, INSERM, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, University of Caen Lower Normandy, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Bénédicte Giffard
- UMR-S1077, INSERM, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, University of Caen Lower Normandy, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- UMR-S1077, INSERM, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, University of Caen Lower Normandy, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Caen, France.,UMR-S 1077, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
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