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Wu M, Wu G, Lu F, Wang H, Lei A, Wang J. Microalgal photoautotrophic growth induces pH decrease in the aquatic environment by acidic metabolites secretion. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:115. [PMID: 36289523 PMCID: PMC9608927 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae can absorb CO2 during photosynthesis, which causes the aquatic environmental pH to rise. However, the pH is reduced when microalga Euglena gracilis (EG) is cultivated under photoautotrophic conditions. The mechanism behind this unique phenomenon is not yet elucidated. RESULTS The present study evaluated the growth of EG, compared to Chlorella vulgaris (CV), as the control group; analyzed the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the aquatic environment; finally revealed the mechanism of the decrease in the aquatic environmental pH via comparative metabolomics analysis. Although the CV cell density was 28.3-fold that of EG, the secreted-DOM content from EG cell was 49.8-fold that of CV (p-value < 0.001). The main component of EG's DOM was rich in humic acids, which contained more DOM composed of chemical bonds such as N-H, O-H, C-H, C=O, C-O-C, and C-OH than that of CV. Essentially, the 24 candidate biomarkers metabolites secreted by EG into the aquatic environment were acidic substances, mainly lipids and lipid-like molecules, organoheterocyclic compounds, organic acids, and derivatives. Moreover, six potential critical secreted-metabolic pathways were identified. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that EG secreted acidic metabolites, resulting in decreased aquatic environmental pH. This study provides novel insights into a new understanding of the ecological niche of EG and the rule of pH change in the microalgae aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcan Wu
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China ,grid.428986.90000 0001 0373 6302State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Guimei Wu
- grid.428986.90000 0001 0373 6302State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Feimiao Lu
- grid.428986.90000 0001 0373 6302State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Anping Lei
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
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Tomo T, Okumura A, Suzuki T, Okuhara M, Katayama R, Isayama N, Nagao R, Iwai M, Dohmae N, Enami I. Lysyl oxidase-like protein secreted from an acidophilic red alga, Cyanidium caldarium. PLANT DIRECT 2018; 2:e00084. [PMID: 31245685 PMCID: PMC6508830 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyanidium caldarium is a primitive acidophilic red alga which grown optimally at pH 1-3. When the alga was cultured at pH 6, which is the upper limit of acidity for its survival, most of the algal cells became large cells with four endospores which did not split into daughter cells. This suggests that the alga survives in the endospore state at pH 6 to protect against nutrient uptake deficiency due to low pH gradient across the cell membranes. The alga was also found to secrete an extracellular protein specifically at pH 6. The protein was identified to be lysyl oxidase-like protein, which had been reported to be widely distributed in the animal kingdom but not yet found in the plant kingdom. In the plant kingdom, only two primitive acidophilic algae, C. caldarium and Cyanidioschyzon merolae, possess a gene encoding this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Tomo
- Department of BiologyTokyo University of ScienceTokyoJapan
- Graduate School of ScienceTokyo University of ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Akinori Okumura
- Department of Integrated Sciences in Physics and BiologyCollege of Humanities and SciencesNihon UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization UnitRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceSaitamaJapan
| | - Mirai Okuhara
- Department of BiologyTokyo University of ScienceTokyoJapan
| | | | - Noboru Isayama
- Department of BiologyTokyo University of ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Ryo Nagao
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary ScienceOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Masako Iwai
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization UnitRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceSaitamaJapan
| | - Isao Enami
- Department of BiologyTokyo University of ScienceTokyoJapan
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Marteinsson V, Vaishampayan P, Kviderova J, Mapelli F, Medori M, Calfapietra C, Aguilera A, Hamisch D, Reynisson E, Magnússon S, Marasco R, Borin S, Calzada A, Souza-Egipsy V, González-Toril E, Amils R, Elster J, Hänsch R. A Laboratory of Extremophiles: Iceland Coordination Action for Research Activities on Life in Extreme Environments (CAREX) Field Campaign. Life (Basel) 2013; 3:211-33. [PMID: 25371340 PMCID: PMC4187199 DOI: 10.3390/life3010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Existence of life in extreme environments has been known for a long time, and their habitants have been investigated by different scientific disciplines for decades. However, reports of multidisciplinary research are uncommon. In this paper, we report an interdisciplinary three-day field campaign conducted in the framework of the Coordination Action for Research Activities on Life in Extreme Environments (CAREX) FP7EU program, with participation of experts in the fields of life and earth sciences. In situ experiments and sampling were performed in a 20 m long hot springs system of different temperature (57 °C to 100 °C) and pH (2 to 4). Abiotic factors were measured to study their influence on the diversity. The CO2 and H2S concentration varied at different sampling locations in the system, but the SO2 remained the same. Four biofilms, mainly composed by four different algae and phototrophic protists, showed differences in photosynthetic activity. Varying temperature of the sampling location affects chlorophyll fluorescence, not only in the microbial mats, but plants (Juncus), indicating selective adaptation to the environmental conditions. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA microarray and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)-based analysis in laboratory showed the presence of a diverse microbial population. Even a short duration (30 h) deployment of a micro colonizer in this hot spring system led to colonization of microorganisms based on ribosomal intergenic spacer (RISA) analysis. Polyphasic analysis of this hot spring system was possible due to the involvement of multidisciplinary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viggó Marteinsson
- Matis ohf. Food Safety, Environment and Genetics, Vinlandsleid 12, Reykjavik, 113, Iceland; E-Mails: (E.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Parag Vaishampayan
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California, Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Jana Kviderova
- Institute of Botany AS CR, Dukelská 135, Třeboň, CZ-379 82 Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.K.); (J.E.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice,CZ-370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Francesca Mapelli
- Department of Food, Environment and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, Milan, 20133, Italy; E-Mails: (F.M.); (R.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Mauro Medori
- Consiglio NazionaledelleRicercheIstituto di BiologiaAgroambientale e Forestale via Marconi 2-05010 Porano (TR), Italy; E-Mails: (M.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Consiglio NazionaledelleRicercheIstituto di BiologiaAgroambientale e Forestale via Marconi 2-05010 Porano (TR), Italy; E-Mails: (M.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Angeles Aguilera
- Centro de Astrobiología. INTA-CSIC. Torrenjón de Ardoz, Madrid, 28850, Spain; E-Mails: (A.A.); (V.S.-E.); (E.G.-T.); (R.A.)
| | - Domenica Hamisch
- Department of Plant Biology Technical University of Braunschweig, Pockelsstr. 14, Brunschweig, 38092, Germany; E-Mails: (D.H.); (R.H.)
| | - Eyjólfur Reynisson
- Matis ohf. Food Safety, Environment and Genetics, Vinlandsleid 12, Reykjavik, 113, Iceland; E-Mails: (E.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Sveinn Magnússon
- Matis ohf. Food Safety, Environment and Genetics, Vinlandsleid 12, Reykjavik, 113, Iceland; E-Mails: (E.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Ramona Marasco
- Department of Food, Environment and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, Milan, 20133, Italy; E-Mails: (F.M.); (R.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Sara Borin
- Department of Food, Environment and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, Milan, 20133, Italy; E-Mails: (F.M.); (R.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Abigail Calzada
- Geology Department, University of Oviedo, Jesús Arias de Velasc, Oviedo, 33005, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Virginia Souza-Egipsy
- Centro de Astrobiología. INTA-CSIC. Torrenjón de Ardoz, Madrid, 28850, Spain; E-Mails: (A.A.); (V.S.-E.); (E.G.-T.); (R.A.)
| | - Elena González-Toril
- Centro de Astrobiología. INTA-CSIC. Torrenjón de Ardoz, Madrid, 28850, Spain; E-Mails: (A.A.); (V.S.-E.); (E.G.-T.); (R.A.)
| | - Ricardo Amils
- Centro de Astrobiología. INTA-CSIC. Torrenjón de Ardoz, Madrid, 28850, Spain; E-Mails: (A.A.); (V.S.-E.); (E.G.-T.); (R.A.)
| | - Josef Elster
- Institute of Botany AS CR, Dukelská 135, Třeboň, CZ-379 82 Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.K.); (J.E.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice,CZ-370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Department of Plant Biology Technical University of Braunschweig, Pockelsstr. 14, Brunschweig, 38092, Germany; E-Mails: (D.H.); (R.H.)
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