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Patra R, Halder S, Saha R, Jana K, Sarkar K. Highly Efficient Photoswitchable Smart Polymeric Nanovehicle for Gene and Anticancer Drug Delivery in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2299-2323. [PMID: 38551335 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, there has been significant interest in smart drug delivery systems capable of carrying multiple drugs efficiently, particularly for treating genetic diseases such as cancer. Despite the development of various drug delivery systems, a safe and effective method for delivering both anticancer drugs and therapeutic genes for cancer therapy remains elusive. In this study, we describe the synthesis of a photoswitchable smart polymeric vehicle comprising a photoswitchable spiropyran moiety and an amino-acid-based cationic monomer-based block copolymer using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. This system aims at diagnosing triple-negative breast cancer and subsequently delivering genes and anticancer agents. Triple-negative breast cancer patients have elevated concentrations of Cu2+ ions, making them excellent targets for diagnosis. The polymer can detect Cu2+ ions with a low limit of detection value of 9.06 nM. In vitro studies on doxorubicin drug release demonstrated sustained delivery at acidic pH level similar to the tumor environment. Furthermore, the polymer exhibited excellent blood compatibility even at the concentration as high as 500 μg/mL. Additionally, it displayed a high transfection efficiency of approximately 82 ± 5% in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells at an N/P ratio of 50:1. It is observed that mitochondrial membrane depolarization and intracellular reactive oxygen species generation are responsible for apoptosis and the higher number of apoptotic cells, which occurred through the arrest of the G2/M phase of the cell cycle were observed. Therefore, the synthesized light-responsive cationic polymer may be an effective system for diagnosis, with an efficient anticancer drug and gene carrier for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishik Patra
- Gene Therapy and Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Satyajit Halder
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Centenary Campus, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VII-M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Rima Saha
- Gene Therapy and Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Centenary Campus, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VII-M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Kishor Sarkar
- Gene Therapy and Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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2
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Design and preparation of a theranostic peptideticle for targeted cancer therapy: Peptide-based codelivery of doxorubicin/curcumin and graphene quantum dots. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 42:102544. [PMID: 35192939 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although chemotherapy has been known as a powerful medication for cancer treatment over the years, there is an important necessity for designing a novel targeted drug delivery system to overcome the drawbacks of this conventional method including undesired side effects on normal cells and drug resistance. The structural differences between the surface of cancerous and normal cells allow to design and engineer targeted drug delivery systems for cancer treatment. Integrins as one of the cell surface receptors over-expressed in cancer cells could potentially be suitable candidates for targeting cancer cells. In the present study, the novel nano-carriers based on designed MiRGD peptides and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been used for targeted delivery of doxorubicin (Dox) and curcumin (Cur) as hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug models, respectively. The prepared nano-composites were characterized by UV-vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies, Zeta-Sizer and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Altogether, the results of cellular uptake and fluorimetric assays performed in HUVEC and HFF cells as models of αv integrin-over-expressed cancer and normal cells, respectively, besides in-vivo study on breast cancer bearing BALB/c mice, demonstrated that the prepared nano-composites can be considered as suitable multifunctional theranostic peptideticles for targeted drug delivery and tracking.
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Khatri V, Bhatia S, Deep S, Kohli E, Haag R, Senapati NN, Prasad AK. Exploring hydrophobic diastereomeric 2,6-anhydro-glycoheptitols for their enzymatic polymerization with PEG: towards delivery applications. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02642e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two sugar PEG-based amphiphilic copolymers have been synthesized by Novozym®-435-catalyzed greener solvent free transesterification reaction of diastereomeric 2,6-anhydro-glucoheptitol and 2,6-anhydro-mannoheptitol with PEG-1000 diethyl ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Khatri
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi
- Delhi 110 007
- India
- Department of Chemistry, Pt. Neki Ram Sharma Government College
- Rohtak-124001
| | - Sumati Bhatia
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Satyanarayan Deep
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi
- Delhi 110 007
- India
- DRDO, DIPAS
- Timarpur
| | | | - Rainer Haag
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | | | - Ashok K. Prasad
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi
- Delhi 110 007
- India
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Neugebauer D, Mielańczyk A, Bielas R, Odrobińska J, Kupczak M, Niesyto K. Ionic Polymethacrylate Based Delivery Systems: Effect of Carrier Topology and Drug Loading. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E337. [PMID: 31311145 PMCID: PMC6681121 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presented drug delivery polymeric systems (DDS), i.e., conjugates and self-assemblies, based on grafted and star-shaped polymethacrylates have been studied for the last few years in our group. This minireview is focused on the relationship of polymer structure to drug conjugation/entrapment efficiency and release capability. Both graft and linear polymers containing trimethylammonium groups showed the ability to release the pharmaceutical anions by ionic exchange, but in aqueous solution they were also self-assembled into nanoparticles with encapsulated nonionic drugs. Star-shaped polymers functionalized with ionizable amine/carboxylic groups were investigated for drug conjugation via ketimine/amide linkers. However, only the conjugates of polybases were water-soluble, giving opportunity for release studies, whereas the self-assembling polyacidic stars were encapsulated with the model drugs. Depending on the type of drug loading in the polymer matrix, their release rates were ordered as follows: Physical ≥ ionic > covalent. The studies indicated that the well-defined ionic polymethacrylates, including poly(ionic liquid)s, are advantageous for designing macromolecular carriers due to the variety of structural parameters, which are efficient for tuning of drug loading and release behavior in respect to the specific drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Neugebauer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Anna Mielańczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Rafał Bielas
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Justyna Odrobińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maria Kupczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Niesyto
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Ebrahimizadeh J, Pazuki G. Prediction of the Phase Behavior of Hyperbranched Polymer Solutions by the Group Contribution Method. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0040579518030089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gu L, Wang N, Nusblat LM, Soskind R, Roth CM, Uhrich KE. pH-responsive amphiphilic macromolecular carrier for doxorubicin delivery. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911516643219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, pH-sensitive amphiphilic macromolecules are designed to possess good biocompatibility and drug loading while employing an acid-sensitive linkage to trigger drug release at tumor tissues. Specifically, two pH-sensitive amphiphilic macromolecules were synthesized with a hydrazone linkage between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments. The chemical structure, molecular weight, critical micelle concentration, micelle size, and pH-triggered cleavage of the amphiphilic macromolecules were characterized via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight, nuclear magnetic resonance, and dynamic light scattering techniques. Drug loading and release as well as cytotoxicity studies were performed using doxorubicin. Hydrodynamic diameters of the micelles formed with pH-sensitive amphiphilic macromolecules were within an optimal range for cellular uptake. The critical micelle concentration values were 10–8–10–6 M, indicating micellar stability upon dilution. The degradation products of the amphiphilic macromolecules after acidic incubation were identified using mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and dynamic light scattering methods. A pH-dependent release profile of the doxorubicin-encapsulated amphiphilic macromolecules was observed. Cytotoxicity studies against two cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and A549 lung cancer cells, showed that doxorubicin encapsulated in pH-sensitive amphiphilic macromolecules decreased cell viability more efficiently than free doxorubicin, possibly due to the toxicity of the amphiphilic macromolecule degradation products. Resulting from enhanced release at acidic pH due to hydrolysis of the hydrazone linkage, pH-sensitive amphiphilic macromolecules also had improved efficacy toward cancer cells compared to other carriers (e.g. Pluronics®). These findings indicate that pH-sensitive amphiphilic macromolecules can potentially be applied as anticancer drug delivery vehicles to achieve controlled release and improved therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Leora M Nusblat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Rose Soskind
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Charles M Roth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kathryn E Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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7
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Orban DE, Moretti A, Uhrich KE. Spatial location of indomethacin associated with unimeric amphiphilic carrier macromolecules as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2016; 54:575-583. [PMID: 26864907 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques including, proton NMR, relaxation analysis, two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, and diffusion-ordered spectroscopy, has been used to demonstrate the spatial location of indomethacin within a unimolecular micelle. Understanding the location of drugs within carrier molecules using such NMR techniques can facilitate rational carrier design. In addition, this information provides insight to encapsulation efficiency of different drugs to determine the most efficient system for a particular bioactive. This study demonstrates that drugs loaded by the unimolecular amphiphile under investigation are not necessarily encapsulated but reside or localize to the periphery or interfacial region of the carrier molecule. The results have further implications as to the features of the unimolecular carrier that contribute to drug loading. In addition, evidence of drug retention associated with the unimolecular surfactant is possible in organic media, as well as in an aqueous environment. Such findings have implications for rational carrier design to correlate the carrier features to the drug of interest and indicate the strong retention capabilities of the unimolecular micelle for delivery applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Orban
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Air Liquide - Advanced Materials, Branchburg, NJ, 08876, USA
| | - Alysha Moretti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Kathryn E Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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Kondo SI, Asano Y, Koizumi N, Tatematsu K, Sawama Y, Sasai Y, Yamauchi Y, Kuzuya M, Kurosawa S. Novel pH-responsive polymeric micelles prepared through self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymer with poly-4-vinylpyridine block synthesized by mechanochemical solid-state polymerization. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 63:489-94. [PMID: 26133065 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c14-00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We fabricated polymeric micelles containing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or fluorescein using the amphiphilic block copolymer, poly-4-vinylpyridine-b-6-O-methacryloyl galactopyranose. Although the polymeric micelles were stable at pH 7.4, they readily decomposed at pH 5, resulting in near complete release of 5-FU. Uptake of polymeric micelles containing fluorescein by HepG2 and HCT116 cells was also investigated. With both cell types, strong fluorescence was observed after a 12-h incubation, but the fluorescence weakened after 24 h of incubation. The fluorescein incorporated into the polymeric micelles was released into acidic organelles (endosome and/or lysosome), from which it diffused throughout the cell. The cytotoxicity of polymeric micelles containing 5-FU was evaluated against HepG2 cells using a CCK-8 assay. The results suggest that polymeric micelles containing 5-FU are more cytotoxic to HepG2 cells than free 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Kondo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
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9
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Zhang Y, Chan JW, Moretti A, Uhrich KE. Designing polymers with sugar-based advantages for bioactive delivery applications. J Control Release 2015; 219:355-368. [PMID: 26423239 PMCID: PMC4656084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-based polymers have been extensively explored as a means to increase drug delivery systems' biocompatibility and biodegradation. Here,we review he use of sugar-based polymers for drug delivery applications, with a particular focus on the utility of the sugar component(s) to provide benefits for drug targeting and stimuli responsive systems. Specifically, numerous synthetic methods have been developed to reliably modify naturally-occurring polysaccharides, conjugate sugar moieties to synthetic polymer scaffolds to generate glycopolymers, and utilize sugars as a multifunctional building block to develop sugar-linked polymers. The design of sugar-based polymer systems has tremendous implications on both the physiological and biological properties imparted by the saccharide units and are unique from synthetic polymers. These features include the ability of glycopolymers to preferentially target various cell types and tissues through receptor interactions, exhibit bioadhesion for prolonged residence time, and be rapidly recognized and internalized by cancer cells. Also discussed are the distinct stimuli-sensitive properties of saccharide-modified polymers to mediate drug release under desired conditions. Saccharide-based systems with inherent pH- and temperature-sensitive properties, as well as enzyme-cleavable polysaccharides for targeted bioactive delivery, are covered. Overall, this work emphasizes inherent benefits of sugar-containing polymer systems for bioactive delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jennifer W Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Alysha Moretti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kathryn E Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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10
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Tao L, Chan JW, Uhrich KE. Drug loading and release kinetics in polymeric micelles: Comparing dynamic versus unimolecular sugar-based micelles for controlled release. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911515609814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic macromolecules, possessing sugar-based hydrophobic and poly(ethylene glycol) hydrophilic domains, provide tunable structures that form effective polymeric micellar drug delivery systems. In this work, we compare traditional dynamic micelles and covalently bound unimolecular amphiphilic macromolecule micelles to study the effects of amphiphilic macromolecule hydrophobic domain branching, micelle architecture, and hydrodynamic volume of two drugs (triclosan and suloctidil) to elucidate the micellar structure–property relationships that govern drug loading and release kinetics. Overall, more hydrophobic micelles with either longer amphiphilic macromolecule alkyl side chains or a higher degree of hydrophobic domain branching exhibited increased triclosan loading compared to less hydrophobic micelles with smaller amphiphilic macromolecule hydrophobic domains. However, varying levels of micelle hydrophobicity did not significantly change suloctidil loading, where only minimal loading differences were seen between micelles with highly hydrophobic and less hydrophobic domains. In both dynamic and unimolecular micelles, the loading extent was primarily drug volume-dependent, where the smaller triclosan molecules demonstrated increased loading and sustained release compared to the larger suloctidil molecules. Unimolecular micelles followed a similar trend with generally higher loading capacities compared to dynamic micelles. Release characteristics for both amphiphilic macromolecule micelle types demonstrated little correlation to the amphiphilic macromolecule chemistry or micelle architecture and were instead primarily drug-dependent, with suloctidil- and triclosan-loaded micelles following the Korsmeyer–Peppas and Weibull models, respectively. The micelle structure–property relationships identified herein allow for improved drug–micelle compatibility to optimize drug delivery systems for poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jennifer W Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kathryn E Uhrich
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Chan JW, Zhang Y, Uhrich KE. Amphiphilic Macromolecule Self-Assembled Monolayers Suppress Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1359-69. [PMID: 26042535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A significant limitation of cardiovascular stents is restenosis, where excessive smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation following stent implantation causes blood vessel reocclusion. While drug-eluting stents minimize SMC proliferation through releasing cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs from polymer carriers, significant issues remain with delayed healing, inflammation, and hypersensitivity reactions associated with drug and polymer coatings. Amphiphilic macromolecules (AMs) comprising a sugar-based hydrophobic domain and a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) tail are noncytotoxic and recently demonstrated a concentration-dependent ability to suppress SMC proliferation. In this study, we designed a series of AMs and studied their coating properties (chemical composition, thickness, grafting density, and coating uniformity) to determine the effect of headgroup chemistry on bioactive AM grafting and release properties from stainless steel substrates. One carboxyl-terminated AM (1cM) and two phosphonate- (Me-1pM and Pr-1pM) terminated AMs, with varying linker lengths preceding the hydrophobic domain, were grafted to stainless steel substrates using the tethering by aggregation and growth (T-BAG) approach. The AMs formed headgroup-dependent, yet uniform, biocompatible adlayers. Pr-1pM and 1cM demonstrated higher grafting density and an extended release from the substrate over 21 days compared to Me-1pM, which exhibited lower grafting density and complete release within 7 days. Coinciding with their release profiles, Me-1pM and 1cM coatings initially suppressed SMC proliferation in vitro, but their efficacy decreased within 7 and 14 days, respectively, while Pr-1pM coatings suppressed SMC proliferation over 21 days. Thus, AMs with phosphonate headgroups and propyl linkers are capable of sustained release from the substrate and have the ability to suppress SMC proliferation during the restenosis that occurs in the 3-4 weeks after stent implantation, demonstrating the potential for AM coatings to provide sustained delivery via desorption from coated coronary stents and other metal-based implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Chan
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Yingyue Zhang
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kathryn E Uhrich
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.,‡Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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Carbohydrate-derived amphiphilic macromolecules: a biophysical structural characterization and analysis of binding behaviors to model membranes. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:171-91. [PMID: 25855953 PMCID: PMC4493506 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and synthesis of enhanced membrane-intercalating biomaterials for drug delivery or vascular membrane targeting is currently challenged by the lack of screening and prediction tools. The present work demonstrates the generation of a Quantitative Structural Activity Relationship model (QSAR) to make a priori predictions. Amphiphilic macromolecules (AMs) "stealth lipids" built on aldaric and uronic acids frameworks attached to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymer tails were developed to form self-assembling micelles. In the present study, a defined set of novel AM structures were investigated in terms of their binding to lipid membrane bilayers using Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D) experiments coupled with computational coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG MD) and all-atom MD (AA MD) simulations. The CG MD simulations capture the insertion dynamics of the AM lipophilic backbones into the lipid bilayer with the PEGylated tail directed into bulk water. QCM-D measurements with Voigt viscoelastic model analysis enabled the quantitation of the mass gain and rate of interaction between the AM and the lipid bilayer surface. Thus, this study yielded insights about variations in the functional activity of AM materials with minute compositional or stereochemical differences based on membrane binding, which has translational potential for transplanting these materials in vivo. More broadly, it demonstrates an integrated computational-experimental approach, which can offer a promising strategy for the in silico design and screening of therapeutic candidate materials.
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Shi Y, Cardoso RM, van Nostrum CF, Hennink WE. Anthracene functionalized thermosensitive and UV-crosslinkable polymeric micelles. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01759e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An anthracene-functionalized thermosensitive block copolymer was synthesized, which formed micelles by heating its aqueous solution above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The micelles were subsequently crosslinked by UV illumination at 365 nm with a normal handheld UV lamp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS)
- Utrecht University
- 3508 TB Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Renata M. Cardoso
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS)
- Utrecht University
- 3508 TB Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Cornelus F. van Nostrum
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS)
- Utrecht University
- 3508 TB Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS)
- Utrecht University
- 3508 TB Utrecht
- The Netherlands
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14
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Gu L, Faig A, Abdelhamid D, Uhrich K. Sugar-based amphiphilic polymers for biomedical applications: from nanocarriers to therapeutics. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:2867-77. [PMID: 25141069 DOI: 10.1021/ar4003009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Various therapeutics exhibit unfavorable physicochemical properties or stability issues that reduce their in vivo efficacy. Therefore, carriers able to overcome such challenges and deliver therapeutics to specific in vivo target sites are critically needed. For instance, anticancer drugs are hydrophobic and require carriers to solubilize them in aqueous environments, and gene-based therapies (e.g., siRNA or pDNA) require carriers to protect the anionic genes from enzymatic degradation during systemic circulation. Polymeric micelles, which are self-assemblies of amphiphilic polymers (APs), constitute one delivery vehicle class that has been investigated for many biomedical applications. Having a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell, polymeric micelles have been used as drug carriers. While traditional APs are typically comprised of nondegradable block copolymers, sugar-based amphiphilic polymers (SBAPs) synthesized by us are comprised of branched, sugar-based hydrophobic segments and a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) chain. Similar to many amphiphilic polymers, SBAPs self-assemble into polymeric micelles. These nanoscale micelles have extremely low critical micelle concentrations offering stability against dilution, which occurs with systemic administration. In this Account, we illustrate applications of SBAPs for anticancer drug delivery via physical encapsulation within SBAP micelles and chemical conjugation to form SBAP prodrugs capable of micellization. Additionally, we show that SBAPs are excellent at stabilizing liposomal delivery systems. These SBAP-lipid complexes were developed to deliver hydrophobic anticancer therapeutics, achieving preferential uptake in cancer cells over normal cells. Furthermore, these complexes can be designed to electrostatically complex with gene therapies capable of transfection. Aside from serving as a nanocarrier, SBAPs have also demonstrated unique bioactivity in managing atherosclerosis, a major cause of cardiovascular disease. The atherosclerotic cascade is usually triggered by the unregulated uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, a cholesterol carrier, in macrophages of the blood vessel wall; SBAPs can significantly inhibit oxidized low-density lipoprotein uptake in macrophages and abrogate the atherosclerotic cascade. By modification of various functionalities (e.g., branching, stereochemistry, hydrophobicity, and charge) in the SBAP chemical structure, SBAP bioactivity was optimized, and influential structural components were identified. Despite the potential of SBAPs as atherosclerotic therapies, blood stability of the SBAP micelles was not ideal for in vivo applications, and means to stabilize them were pursued. Using kinetic entrapment via flash nanoprecipitation, SBAPs were formulated into nanoparticles with a hydrophobic solute core and SBAP shell. SBAP nanoparticles exhibited excellent physiological stability and enhanced bioactivity compared with SBAP micelles. Further, this method enables encapsulation of additional hydrophobic drugs (e.g., vitamin E) to yield a stable formulation that releases two bioactives. Both as nanoscale carriers and as polymer therapeutics, SBAPs are promising biomaterials for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Allison Faig
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Dalia Abdelhamid
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kathryn Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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Liu JS, Wang JH, Zhou J, Tang XH, Xu L, Shen T, Wu XY, Hong Z. Enhanced brain delivery of lamotrigine with Pluronic(®) P123-based nanocarrier. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3923-35. [PMID: 25152622 PMCID: PMC4140705 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s62263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated drug efflux across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an important mechanism underlying poor brain penetration of certain antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Nanomaterials, as drug carriers, can overcome P-gp activity and improve the targeted delivery of AEDs. However, their applications in the delivery of AEDs have not been adequately investigated. The objective of this study was to develop a nano-scale delivery system to improve the solubility and brain penetration of the antiepileptic drug lamotrigine (LTG). METHODS LTG-loaded Pluronic(®) P123 (P123) polymeric micelles (P123/LTG) were prepared by thin-film hydration, and brain penetration capability of the nanocarrier was evaluated. RESULTS The mean encapsulating efficiency for the optimized formulation was 98.07%; drug-loading was 5.63%, and particle size was 18.73 nm. The solubility of LTG in P123/LTG can increase to 2.17 mg/mL, making it available as a solution. The in vitro release of LTG from P123LTG presented a sustained-release property. Compared with free LTG, the LTG-incorporated micelles accumulated more in the brain at 0.5, 1, and 4 hours after intravenous administration in rats. Pretreatment with systemic verapamil increased the rapid brain penetration of free LTG but not P123/LTG. Incorporating another P-gp substrate (Rhodamine 123) into P123 micelles also showed higher efficiency in penetrating the BBB in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION These results indicated that P123 micelles have the potential to overcome the activity of P-gp expressed on the BBB and therefore show potential for the targeted delivery of AEDs. Future studies are necessary to further evaluate the appropriateness of the nanocarrier to enhance the efficacy of AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Sheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Hua Tang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun-Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Hong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Razavilar N, Choi P. Molecular dynamics study of the diffusivity of a hydrophobic drug Cucurbitacin B in pseudo-poly(ethylene oxide-b-caprolactone) micelle environments. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:7798-7803. [PMID: 24927468 DOI: 10.1021/la500572p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Isobaric-isothermal molecular dynamics simulation was used to study the diffusion of a hydrophobic drug Cucurbitacin B (CuB) in pseudomicelle environments consisting of poly(ethylene oxide-b-caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCL) swollen by various amounts of water. Two PEO-b-PCL configurations, linear and branched, with the same total molecular weight were used. For the branched configuration, the block copolymer contained one linear block of PEO with the same molecular weight as that of the PEO block used in the linear configuration but with one end connecting to three PCL blocks with the same chain length, hereafter denoted PEO-b-3PCL. Regardless of the configuration, the simulation results showed that the diffusivity of CuB was insensitive to the water concentration up to ∼8 wt % while that of water decreased with an increasing water concentration. The diffusivity of CuB (10(-8) cm(2)/s) was 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of water (10(-5) cm(2)/s). This is attributed to the fact that CuB relied on the wiggling motion of the block copolymers to diffuse while water molecules diffused via a hopping mechanism. The rates at which CuB and water diffused into PEO-b-PCL were twice those in PEO-b-3PCL because the chain mobility and the degree of swelling are higher and there are fewer intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the case of PEO-b-PCL. The velocity autocorrelation functions of CuB show that the free volume holes formed by PEO-b-3PCL are more rigid than those formed by PEO-b-PCL, making CuB exhibit higher-frequency collision motion in PEO-b-3PCL than in PEO-b-PCL, and the difference in frequency is insensitive to water concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Razavilar
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V4
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Parmar A, Chavda S, Bahadur P. Pluronic–cationic surfactant mixed micelles: Solubilization and release of the drug hydrochlorothiazide. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Kim HC, Kim E, Lee SG, Lee SJ, Kim H, Jeong SW. Thiol-responsive micelles based on nonionic gemini surfactants with a cystine disulfide spacer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Chul Kim
- Nano and Bio Research Division; Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST); Daegu 711-873 Korea
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Nano and Bio Research Division; Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST); Daegu 711-873 Korea
| | - Se Guen Lee
- Nano and Bio Research Division; Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST); Daegu 711-873 Korea
| | - Sung Jun Lee
- Nano and Bio Research Division; Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST); Daegu 711-873 Korea
| | - Hyunmin Kim
- Nano and Bio Research Division; Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST); Daegu 711-873 Korea
| | - Sang Won Jeong
- Nano and Bio Research Division; Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST); Daegu 711-873 Korea
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19
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Gu L, Zablocki K, Lavelle L, Bodnar S, Halperin F, Harper I, Moghe PV, Uhrich KE. Impact of ionizing radiation on physicochemical and biological properties of an amphiphilic macromolecule. Polym Degrad Stab 2012; 97:1686-1689. [PMID: 23162175 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An amphiphilic macromolecule (AM) was exposed to ionizing radiation (both electron beam and gamma) at doses of 25 kGy and 50 kGy to study the impact of these sterilization methods on the physicochemical properties and bioactivity of the AM. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography were used to determine the chemical structure and molecular weight, respectively. Size and zeta potential of the micelles formed from AMs in aqueous media were evaluated by dynamic light scattering. Bioactivity of irradiated AMs was evaluated by measuring inhibition of oxidized low-density lipoprotein uptake in macrophages. From these studies, no significant changes in the physicochemical properties or bioactivity were observed after the irradiation, demonstrating that the AMs can withstand typical radiation doses used to sterilize materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gu
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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Sparks SM, Waite CL, Harmon AM, Nusblat LM, Roth CM, Uhrich KE. Efficient intracellular siRNA delivery by ethyleneimine-modified amphiphilic macromolecules. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:1192-200. [PMID: 21793212 PMCID: PMC3549469 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
New materials that can bind and deliver oligonucleotides such as short interfering RNA (siRNA) without toxicity are greatly needed to fulfill the promise of therapeutic gene silencing. Amphiphilic macromolecules (AMs) were functionalized with linear ethyleneimines to create cationic AMs capable of complexing with siRNA. Structurally, the parent AM is formed from a mucic acid backbone whose tetra-hydroxy groups are alkylated with 12-carbon aliphatic chains to form the hydrophobic component of the macromolecule. This alkylated mucic acid is then mono-functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a hydrophilic component. The resulting AM contains a free carboxylic acid within the hydrophobic domain. In this work, linear ethyleneimines were conjugated to the free carboxylic acid to produce an AM with one primary amine (1N) or one primary amine and four secondary amines (5N). Further, an AM with amine substitution both to the free carboxylic acid in the hydrophobic domain and also to the adjacent PEG was synthesized to produce a polymer with one primary amine and eight secondary amines (9N), four located on each side of the AM hydrophobic domain. All amine-functionalized AMs formed nanoscale micelles but only the 5N and 9N AMs had cationic zeta potentials, which increased with increasing number of amines. All AMs exhibited less inherent cytotoxicity than linear polyethyleneimine (L-PEI) at concentrations of 10 µM and above. By increasing the length of the cationic ethyleneimine chain and the total number of amines, successful siRNA complexation and cellular siRNA delivery was achieved in a malignant glioma cell line. In addition, siRNA-induced silencing of firefly luciferase was observed using complexes of siRNA with the 9N AM and comparable to L-PEI, yet showed better cell viability at higher concentrations (above 10 µM). This work highlights the promise of cationic AMs as safe and efficient synthetic vectors for siRNA delivery. Specifically, a novel polymer (9N) was identified for efficient siRNA delivery to cancer cells and will be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Sparks
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Carolyn L. Waite
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Alexander M. Harmon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Leora M. Nusblat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Charles M. Roth
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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22
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Harmon AM, Lash MH, Tishbi N, Lent D, Mintzer EA, Uhrich KE. Thermodynamic and physical interactions between novel polymeric surfactants and lipids: toward designing stable polymer-lipid complexes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:9131-8. [PMID: 21732646 PMCID: PMC3566872 DOI: 10.1021/la200038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant amphiphilic macromolecules (AMs) were complexed with a 1:1 ratio of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), either by a coevaporation (CE) or postaddition (PA) method, to form AM-lipid complexes with enhanced drug delivery applications. By characterizing the surfactant-lipid interactions, these heterogeneous drug delivery systems can be better controlled and engineered for optimal therapeutic outcomes. In this study, the physical interactions between DOPE:DOTAP liposomes and AM surfactants were investigated. Langmuir film balance and isothermal calorimetry studies showed cooperative intermolecular interactions between pure lipids and AM in monolayers and high thermostability of structure formed by the addition of AM micelles to DOTAP:DOPE vesicles in buffer solution respectively. Increasing the AM weight ratio in the complexes via the CE method led to complete vesicle solubilization--from lamellar aggregates, to a mixture of coexisting vesicles and micelles, to mixed micelles. Isothermal calorimetry evaluation of AM-lipid complexes shows that, at higher AM weight ratios, PA-produced complexes exhibit greater stability than complexes at lower AM weight ratios. Similar studies show that AM-lipid complexes produced by the CE methods display stronger interactions between AM-lipid components than complexes produced by the PA method. The results suggest that the PA method produces vesicles with AM molecules associated with its outer leaflet only (i.e., an AM-coated vesicle), while the CE method produces complexes ranging from mixed vesicles to mixed micelle in which the AM-lipid components are more intimately associated. These results will be helpful in the design of AM-lipid complexes as structurally defined, stable, and effective drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Harmon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States 08854
| | - Melissa H. Lash
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States 08854
| | - Nasim Tishbi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States 10016
| | - Danielle Lent
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States 10016
| | - Evan A. Mintzer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York, United States 10016
| | - Kathryn E. Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States 08854
- Corresponding Author: Phone (732)445-0361, fax (732)445-7036,
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23
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Preferential cellular uptake of amphiphilic macromolecule-lipid complexes with enhanced stability and biocompatibility. J Control Release 2011; 153:233-9. [PMID: 21510986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic macromolecules (AM) were electrostatically complexed with a 1:1 ratio of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) to form AM-lipid complexes with drug delivery applications. The complexes exist as AM-coated liposomes and their drug delivery properties can be tuned by altering the AM-lipid weight ratio. The complexation and tuning are achieved in a simple, efficient, and scalable manner. The gradual increase in lipid ratios concurrently increased the zeta potential of the complexes, which directly correlates to increased cell uptake of the complexes in vitro with preferential uptake noted in BT-20 carcinoma cells versus normal fibroblasts. Increasing AM content increased complex steric stability in the presence of serum proteins and reduced the inherent cytotoxicity towards fibroblasts in vitro. AM-lipid complexes solubilized paclitaxel and showed drug-mediated, dose-dependent cytotoxicity towards target BT-20 cells in vitro. AM-lipid complexes make good candidates as drug delivery systems due to their tunable zeta potential, steric stability, inherently low cytotoxicity, and ability to load and deliver insoluble chemotherapeutic agents. Significantly, their preferential uptake in a carcinoma cell line over normal cells in vitro demonstrates a unique, passive targeting approach to delivery anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Cao W, Zhu L. Synthesis and Unimolecular Micelles of Amphiphilic Dendrimer-like Star Polymer with Various Functional Surface Groups. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1021242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Cao
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, United States
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Chang G, Li C, Lu W, Ding J. N-Boc-histidine-capped PLGA-PEG-PLGA as a smart polymer for drug delivery sensitive to tumor extracellular pH. Macromol Biosci 2011; 10:1248-56. [PMID: 20593367 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A pH-sensitive polymer was synthesized by introducing the N-Boc-histidine to the ends of a PLGA-PEG-PLGA block copolymer. The synthesized polymer was confirmed to be biodegradable and biocompatible, well dissolved in water and forming micelles above the CMC. DOX was employed as a model anticancer drug. In vitro drug release from micelles of N-Boc-histidine-capped PLGA-PEG-PLGA exhibited significant difference between pH = 6.2 and pH = 7.4, whereas DOX release from micelles composed of un-capped virgin polymers was not significantly sensitive to medium pH. Uptake of DOX from micelles of the new polymer into MDA-MB-435 solid tumor cells was also observed, and pH sensitivity was confirmed. Hence, the N-Boc-histidine capped PLGA-PEG-PLGA might be a promising material for tumor targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Chang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Stability and CMC determinations of amphiphilic (DSPEPEG(3400)-CTT2) peptide constructs by microtensiometry. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(11)50020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Kondo SI, Yamamoto K, Sawama Y, Sasai Y, Yamauchi Y, Kuzuya M. Characterization of Novel pH-Sensitive Polymeric Micelles Prepared by the Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Block Copolymer with Poly-4-vinylpyridine Block Synthesized by Mechanochemical Solid-State Polymerization. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:1200-2. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Kondo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Keitarou Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yuka Sawama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yasushi Sasai
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yukinori Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
| | - Masayuki Kuzuya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University
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Sawant RR, Torchilin VP. Multifunctionality of lipid-core micelles for drug delivery and tumour targeting. Mol Membr Biol 2010; 27:232-46. [DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2010.516276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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29
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del Rosario LS, Demirdirek B, Harmon A, Orban D, Uhrich KE. Micellar nanocarriers assembled from doxorubicin-conjugated amphiphilic macromolecules (DOX-AM). Macromol Biosci 2010; 10:415-23. [PMID: 20127669 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200900335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic macromolecules (AMs) have unique branched hydrophobic domains attached to linear PEG chains. AMs self-assemble in aqueous solution to form micelles that are hydrolytically stable in physiological conditions (37 degrees C, pH 7.4) over 4 weeks. Evidence of AM biodegradability was demonstrated by complete AM degradation after 6 d in the presence of lipase. Doxorubicin (DOX) was chemically conjugated to AMs via a hydrazone linker to form DOX-AM conjugates that self-assembled into micelles in aqueous solution. The conjugates were compared with DOX-loaded AM micelles (i.e., physically loaded DOX) on DOX content, micellar sizes and in vitro cytotoxicity. Physically encapsulated DOX loading was higher (12 wt.-%) than chemically bound DOX (6 wt.-%), and micellar sizes of DOX-loaded AMs (approximately 16 nm) were smaller than DOX-AMs (approximately 30 nm). In vitro DOX release from DOX-AM conjugates was faster at pH 5.0 (100%) compared to pH 7.4 (78%) after 48 h, 37 degrees C. Compared to free DOX and physically encapsulated DOX, chemically bound DOX had significantly higher cytotoxicity at 10(-7) M DOX dose against human hepatocellular carcinoma cells after 72 h. Overall, DOX-AM micelles showed promising characteristics as stable, biodegradable DOX nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilani S del Rosario
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Iverson NM, Sparks SM, Demirdirek B, Uhrich KE, Moghe PV. Controllable inhibition of cellular uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein: structure-function relationships for nanoscale amphiphilic polymers. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:3081-91. [PMID: 20170758 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A family of anionic nanoscale polymers based on amphiphilic macromolecules (AMs) was developed for controlled inhibition of highly oxidized low-density lipoprotein (hoxLDL) uptake by inflammatory macrophage cells, a process that triggers the escalation of a chronic arterial disease called atherosclerosis. The basic AM structure is composed of a hydrophobic portion formed from a mucic acid sugar backbone modified at the four hydroxyls with lauroyl groups conjugated to hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The AM structure-activity relationships were probed by synthesizing AMs with six key variables: length of the PEG chain, carboxylic acid location, type of anionic charge, number of anionic charges, rotational motion of the anionic group, and PEG architecture. All AM structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and their ability to inhibit hoxLDL uptake in THP-1 human macrophage cells was compared in the absence and presence of serum. We report that AMs with one, rotationally restricted carboxylic acid within the hydrophobic portion of the polymer was sufficient to yield the most effective AM for inhibiting hoxLDL internalization by THP-1 human macrophage cells under serum-containing conditions. Further, increasing the number of charges and altering the PEG architecture in an effort to increase serum stabilization did not significantly impair the ability of AMs to inhibit hoxLDL internalization, suggesting that selected modifications to the AMs could potentially promote multifunctional characteristics of these nanoscale macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Iverson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Non-ionic dendritic glycerol-based amphiphiles: Novel excipients for the solubilization of poorly water-soluble anticancer drug Sagopilone. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 40:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Park CW, Kim SC. Sol-gel transition behavior of amphiphilic comb-like poly[(PEG-b-PLGA)acrylate] block copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yang YT, Chen CT, Yang JC, Tsai T. Spray-dried microparticles containing polymeric micelles encapsulating hematoporphyrin. AAPS JOURNAL 2010; 12:138-46. [PMID: 20101530 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-009-9172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the properties of a new pulmonary delivery platform of microparticles containing micelles in which a therapeutic photosensitizing drug, hematoporphyrin (Hp), was encapsulated. Different poloxamers were used to form micellar Hp, and one of these, Pluronic L122-Hp, was subsequently incorporated into lactose microparticles by spray-drying. Spectral and morphological analyses were performed on both micellar Hp, and lactose microparticles containing micellar Hp (lactose-micellar Hp) before and after dissolution of the microparticles in water. Photodynamic activity of the various Hp samples were evaluated in human lung epithelial carcinoma A549 cells using a light-emitting diode (LED) device at a wavelength of 630 +/- 5 nm. No significant difference was observed between micellar Hp and lactose-micellar Hp regarding the generation of singlet oxygen. The mean particle size of the microparticles was 2.3 +/- 0.7 microm which is within the size range for potential lung delivery. The cellular uptake of micellar Hp and lactose-micellar Hp measured on A549 cells was at least twofold higher than those obtained with the Hp at equivalent concentrations. Micellar Hp exhibited higher cytotoxicity than Hp due to reduced formation of Hp aggregates and increased cellar uptake. The spectral properties as well as the photodynamic activity of the micellar Hp was retained when formulated into microparticles by spray-drying. Microparticles containing micelles have the potential for delivering micelle-encapsulated hydrophobic drugs in targeted therapy of pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tsai Yang
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, China
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Michailova V, Berlinova I, Iliev P, Ivanov L, Titeva S, Momekov G, Dimitrov I. Nanoparticles formed from PNIPAM-g-PEO copolymers in the presence of indomethacin. Int J Pharm 2010; 384:154-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sawant RR, Torchilin VP. Polymeric micelles: polyethylene glycol-phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE)-based micelles as an example. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 624:131-49. [PMID: 20217593 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-609-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the renowned nanosized pharmaceutical carriers for delivery of poorly soluble drugs, especially, in cancer, is micelles, which are self-assembled colloidal particles with a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic shell. Among the micelle-forming compounds, micelles made of polyethylene glycol-phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE) have gained more attention due to some attractive properties such as good stability, longevity, and ability to accumulate in the areas with an abnormal vasculature via the enhanced permeability and retention effect (into the areas with leaky vasculature, such as tumors). Additionally these micelles can be made "targeted" by attaching specific targeting ligand molecules to the micelle surface or can be comprised of stimuli-responsive amphiphilic block copolymers. Addition of second component such as surfactant or another hydrophobic material to the main micelle forming material further improves the solubilizing capacity of micelles without compromising their stability. Micelles carrying various contrast agents may become the imaging agents of choice in different imaging modalities. Here, we have discussed various protocols for preparation and evaluation of PEG-PE-based micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa R Sawant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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Chang YC, Chu IM. Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(valerolactone) diblock polymeric micelles for enhanced encapsulation and protection of camptothecin. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Liu P, Wang B, Weili Qiao JL. Multi-anticancer drugs encapsulated in the micelle: a novel chemotherapy to cancer. Med Hypotheses 2008; 71:379-81. [PMID: 18556140 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Micelle is a stable, passively targetable and solubilizing minute particle, and plays a key role to anticancer drug delivery for chemotherapy. With an increasing number of novel polymeric micelles synthesized, many anticancer drugs have been core-encapsulated in the micelles. However, only single drug was studied as the model drug at present researches. It is well known that combined medication is a very important and common method for chemotherapy in the clinic. Therefore, we hypotheses that multi-anticancer drugs encapsulated in the micelle may be proposed based on the cancer cell cycle. Briefly, cell cycle specific agents are chemically conjuncted into the micelles firstly, and then cell cycle non-specific agents are physically loaded in the compound of drugs and micelles. Thus combined administration using micelles as drug carriers is achieved. This hypothesis integrates advantages of the nano-micelles at present researches and drug combination in the clinic. So, it presents many merits for drug delivery, such as high efficiency, convenience and anti-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China
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Amphiphilic Comb-Like Polymers Based on Poly(oxyethylene)s as Drug-Delivery Carriers. Macromol Biosci 2008; 8:339-46. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200700161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pharmaceutical Micelles: Combining Longevity, Stability, and Stimuli Sensitivity. MULTIFUNCTIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL NANOCARRIERS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-76554-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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41
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Türk H, Shukla A, Alves Rodrigues PC, Rehage H, Haag R. Water-soluble dendritic core-shell-type architectures based on polyglycerol for solubilization of hydrophobic drugs. Chemistry 2007; 13:4187-96. [PMID: 17310496 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Since many potential drugs are poorly water soluble, there is a high demand for solubilization agents. Here, we describe the synthesis of dendritic core-shell-type architectures based on hyperbranched polyglycerol for the solubilization of hydrophobic drugs. Amphiphilic macromolecules containing hydrophobic biphenyl groups in the core were synthesized in an efficient three- or four-step procedure by employing Suzuki-coupling reactions. These species were then used to solubilize the commercial drug nimodipine, a calcium antagonist used for the treatment of heart diseases and neurological deficits. Pyrene was also used as a hydrophobic model compound. It turned out that the transport properties of the dendritic polyglycerol derivatives, which are based on hydrophobic host-guest interactions, depend strongly on the degree and type of core functionalization. In the case of the multifunctional nimodipine, additional specific polymer-drug interactions could be tailored by this flexible core design, as detected by UV spectroscopy. The enhancement of solubilization increased 300-fold for nimodipine and 6000-fold for pyrene at a polymer concentration of 10 wt%. The sizes of the polymer-drug complexes were determined by both dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and extremely well-defined aggregates with diameters of approximately 10 nm in the presence of a drug were observed. These findings together with a low critical aggregate concentration of 4x10(-6) mol L-1 indicate the controlled self-assembly of the presented amphiphilic dendritic core-shell-type architectures rather than a unimolecular transport behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Türk
- Organic Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Rijcken CJF, Soga O, Hennink WE, van Nostrum CF. Triggered destabilisation of polymeric micelles and vesicles by changing polymers polarity: an attractive tool for drug delivery. J Control Release 2007; 120:131-48. [PMID: 17582642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles and vesicles have emerged as versatile drug carriers during the past decades. Furthermore, stimuli-responsive systems are developed whose properties change after applying certain external triggers. Therefore, a triggered release of drugs from stimuli-sensitive micelles and vesicles has become an interesting challenge in the pharmaceutical field. Polymeric micelles or vesicles are mainly composed of amphiphilic block copolymers that are held together in water due to strong hydrophobic interactions between the insoluble hydrophobic blocks, thus forming a core-shell or bilayer morphology. Consequently, destabilisation of these assemblies is induced by increasing the polarity of the hydrophobic blocks. Preferably, this process should be the consequence of an external trigger, or take place in a certain time frame or at a specific location. A variety of mechanisms has recently been described to accomplish this transition, which will be reviewed in this paper. These mechanisms include the destabilisation of polymeric micelles and vesicles by temperature, pH, chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis of side chains, oxidation/reduction processes, and light.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J F Rijcken
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Steege KE, Wang J, Uhrich KE, Castner EW. Local Polarity and Microviscosity in the Hydrophobic Cores of Amphiphilic Star-like and Scorpion-like Macromolecules. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061779l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Steege
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087
| | - Jinzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087
| | - Kathryn E. Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087
| | - Edward W. Castner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8087
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Kondo SI, Mori H, Sasai Y, Kuzuya M. Conventional Synthesis of Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Utilized for Polymeric Micelle by Mechanochemical Solid-State Polymerization. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:389-92. [PMID: 17329878 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The first example is presented here of an amiphiphilic block copolymer synthesized by mechanochemical solid-state polymerization and used to form polymeric micelles. A model amphiphilic block copolymer was synthesized first, possessing galactose as a hydrophilic side chain and theophylline as a hydrophobic side chain, by mechanochemical solid-state polymerization. The resulting copolymer had a narrow molecular weight distribution. Polymeric micelle formation was subsequently carried out with the copolymer by a dialysis method. To gain insight into the physicochemical properties of the polymeric micelle, dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements were performed. A narrow distribution of diameters was observed in the polymeric micelle solution, and these micelles were disrupted by the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). It was also confirmed by DLS measurements that the polymeric micelles were spherical. These results suggested that the block copolymer synthesized by mechanochemical solid-state polymerization was as suitable for the preparation of polymeric micelles as materials obtained by living polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Kondo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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Torchilin VP. Micellar nanocarriers: pharmaceutical perspectives. Pharm Res 2006; 24:1-16. [PMID: 17109211 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-9132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1233] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 07/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Micelles, self-assembling nanosized colloidal particles with a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic shell are currently successfully used as pharmaceutical carriers for water-insoluble drugs and demonstrate a series of attractive properties as drug carriers. Among the micelle-forming compounds, amphiphilic copolymers, i.e., polymers consisting of hydrophobic block and hydrophilic block, are gaining an increasing attention. Polymeric micelles possess high stability both in vitro and in vivo and good biocompatibility, and can solubilize a broad variety of poorly soluble pharmaceuticals many of these drug-loaded micelles are currently at different stages of preclinical and clinical trials. Among polymeric micelles, a special group is formed by lipid-core micelles, i.e., micelles formed by conjugates of soluble copolymers with lipids (such as polyethylene glycol-phosphatidyl ethanolamine conjugate, PEG-PE). Polymeric micelles, including lipid-core micelles, carrying various reporter (contrast) groups may become the imaging agents of choice in different imaging modalities. All these micelles can also be used as targeted drug delivery systems. The targeting can be achieved via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect (into the areas with the compromised vasculature), by making micelles of stimuli-responsive amphiphilic block-copolymers, or by attaching specific targeting ligand molecules to the micelle surface. Immunomicelles prepared by coupling monoclonal antibody molecules to p-nitrophenylcarbonyl groups on the water-exposed termini of the micelle corona-forming blocks demonstrate high binding specificity and targetability. This review will discuss some recent trends in using micelles as pharmaceutical carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Torchilin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Mugar Building, Room 312, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Chnari E, Nikitczuk JS, Wang J, Uhrich KE, Moghe PV. Engineered polymeric nanoparticles for receptor-targeted blockage of oxidized low density lipoprotein uptake and atherogenesis in macrophages. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:1796-805. [PMID: 16768400 DOI: 10.1021/bm0600872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to prevent the uptake of modified low density lipoproteins (LDLs) by immune cells, a major trigger of inflammation and atherogenesis, are challenged by complex interfacial factors governing LDL receptor-mediated uptake. We examine a new approach based on a family of "nanoblockers", which are designed to examine the role of size, charge presentation, and architecture on inhibition of highly oxidized LDL (hoxLDL) uptake in macrophages. The nanoblockers are macromolecules containing mucic acid, lauryl chloride, and poly(ethylene glycol) that self-assemble into 15-20 nm nanoparticles. We report that the micellar configuration of the macromolecules and the combined display of anionic (carboxylate) groups in the hydrophobic region of the nanoblockers caused the most effective inhibition in the uptake of hoxLDL by IC21 macrophages. The nanoblockers primarily targeted SR-A and CD36, the major scavenger receptors and modulated the "atherogenic" phenotype of cells in terms of the degree of cytokine secretion, accumulation of cholesterol, and "foam cell" formation. These studies highlight the promise of synthetically engineered nanoblockers against oxidized LDL uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Chnari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Tao L, Uhrich KE. Novel amphiphilic macromolecules and their in vitro characterization as stabilized micellar drug delivery systems. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 298:102-10. [PMID: 16403508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2005] [Revised: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 12/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of amphiphilic macromolecules, amphiphilic scorpion-like macromolecules (AScMs) and amphiphilic star-like macromolecules (ASMs), were evaluated as potential drug delivery systems for intravenous administration. AScMs aggregate to form polymeric micelles; whereas the ASMs have a covalently bound core structure and behave as unimolecular micelles. Four structurally different AScMs and two ASMs were selected for further evaluation focusing on micellar stability and biocompatibility. AScMs were determined to have extremely low cmc values, indicating excellent thermodynamic stability compared to other polymeric micelle systems. Particle sizes of the AScM polymeric micelles and ASM unimolecular micelles were between 10 and 20 nm, and remained constant for up to 3 weeks storages as aqueous solutions at room temperature (approximately 23 degrees C) and 37 degrees C. The dissociation kinetics of the AScM polymeric micelles were slowed relative to small molecule surfactant micelles, again indicating enhanced kinetic stability. With respect to hemolytic activity, AScMs with longer acyl chains were hemolytic; whereas the ASMs had minimal hemolytic activity due to the covalently bound structure. Both ASM unimolecular micelles and AScM polymeric micelles have excellent micellar stability, but the ASMs are more suitable as injectable drug delivery systems due to their low hemolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Abstract
Polymers occupy a major portion of materials used for controlled release formulations and drug-targeting systems because this class of materials presents seemingly endless diversity in topology and chemistry. This is a crucial advantage over other classes of materials to meet the ever-increasing requirements of new designs of drug delivery formulations. The polymer architecture (topology) describes the shape of a single polymer molecule. Every natural, seminatural, and synthetic polymer falls into one of categorized architectures: linear, graft, branched, cross-linked, block, star-shaped, and dendron/dendrimer topology. Although this topic spans a truly broad area in polymer science, this review introduces polymer architectures along with brief synthetic approaches for pharmaceutical scientists who are not familiar with polymer science, summarizes the characteristic properties of each architecture useful for drug delivery applications, and covers recent advances in drug delivery relevant to polymer architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 421 Wakara Way, Suite 315, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA
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