1
|
Sousa LRD, Duarte THC, Xavier VF, das Mercês AC, Vieira GM, Martins MD, Carneiro CM, dos Santos VMR, dos Santos ODH, Vieira PMDA. Benznidazole-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles for Oral Chemotherapeutic Treatment of Chagas Disease. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:800. [PMID: 38931921 PMCID: PMC11207087 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is a worldwide public health problem. Benznidazole (BZ) is the drug used to treat it. However, in its commercial formulation, it has significant side effects and is less effective in the chronic phase of the infection. The development of particulate systems containing BZ is therefore being promoted. The objective of this investigation was to develop polymeric nanoparticles loaded with BZ and examine their trypanocidal impact in vitro. Two formulas (BNP1 and BNP2) were produced through double emulsification and freeze drying. Subsequent to physicochemical and morphological assessment, both formulations exhibited adequate yield, average particle diameter, and zeta potential for oral administration. Cell viability was assessed in H9C2 and RAW 264.7 cells in vitro, revealing no cytotoxicity in cardiomyocytes or detrimental effects in macrophages at specific concentrations. BNP1 and BNP2 enhanced the effect of BZ within 48 h using a treatment of 3.90 μg/mL. The formulations notably improved NO reduction, particularly BNP2. The findings imply that the compositions are suitable for preclinical research, underscoring their potential as substitutes for treating CD. This study aids the quest for new BZ formulations, which are essential in light of the disregard for the treatment of CD and the unfavorable effects associated with its commercial product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Resende Dutra Sousa
- Laboratório de Fitotecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil; (L.R.D.S.); (V.F.X.); (O.D.H.d.S.)
| | - Thays Helena Chaves Duarte
- Laboratório de Morfopatologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil; (T.H.C.D.); (A.C.d.M.)
| | - Viviane Flores Xavier
- Laboratório de Fitotecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil; (L.R.D.S.); (V.F.X.); (O.D.H.d.S.)
| | - Aline Coelho das Mercês
- Laboratório de Morfopatologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil; (T.H.C.D.); (A.C.d.M.)
| | - Gabriel Maia Vieira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (G.M.V.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Maximiliano Delany Martins
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (G.M.V.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Cláudia Martins Carneiro
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil;
| | - Viviane Martins Rebello dos Santos
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e de Síntese Orgânica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil;
| | - Orlando David Henrique dos Santos
- Laboratório de Fitotecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil; (L.R.D.S.); (V.F.X.); (O.D.H.d.S.)
| | - Paula Melo de Abreu Vieira
- Laboratório de Morfopatologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto 35400-000, MG, Brazil; (T.H.C.D.); (A.C.d.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Delgado MZ, Aranda FL, Hernandez-Tenorio F, Garrido-Miranda KA, Meléndrez MF, Palacio DA. Polyelectrolytes for Environmental, Agricultural, and Medical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1434. [PMID: 38794627 PMCID: PMC11124962 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, polyelectrolytes (PELs) have attracted significant interest owing to a surge in research dedicated to the development of new technologies and applications at the biological level. Polyelectrolytes are macromolecules of which a substantial portion of the constituent units contains ionizable or ionic groups. These macromolecules demonstrate varied behaviors across different pH ranges, ionic strengths, and concentrations, making them fascinating subjects within the scientific community. The aim of this review is to present a comprehensive survey of the progress in the application studies of polyelectrolytes and their derivatives in various fields that are vital for the advancement, conservation, and technological progress of the planet, including agriculture, environmental science, and medicine. Through this bibliographic review, we seek to highlight the significance of these materials and their extensive range of applications in modern times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zuñiga Delgado
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4070409, Chile (F.L.A.)
| | - Francisca L. Aranda
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4070409, Chile (F.L.A.)
- Department of Materials Engineering (DIMAT), Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepcion, 270 Edmundo Larenas, Box 160-C, Concepcion 4070409, Chile
| | - Fabian Hernandez-Tenorio
- Environmental Processes Research Group, School of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Universidad EAFIT, Medellin 050022, Colombia;
| | - Karla A. Garrido-Miranda
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Manuel F. Meléndrez
- Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Campus Las Tres Pascuales, Lientur 1457, Concepción 4060000, Chile
| | - Daniel A. Palacio
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4070409, Chile (F.L.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nasibullin SF, Dunaeva JV, Akramova LA, Timergalieva VR, Moustafine RI. Characteristics of Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes Based on Different Types of Pectin with Eudragit ® EPO as Novel Carriers for Colon-Specific Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17622. [PMID: 38139450 PMCID: PMC10744121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Given that pectin is a well-known substance used for drug delivery, we aimed to obtain and further examine the efficacy of interpolyelectrolyte complexes based on citrus or apple pectin and the Eudragit® EPO for using these carriers in oral drug delivery. To characterize the physicochemical properties of these compounds, turbidity, gravimetry, viscosity, elementary analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and DSC analysis were utilized. Diffusion transport characteristics were evaluated to assess the swelling ability of the matrices and the release of diclofenac sodium. To examine the release parameters, mathematical modeling was performed by using the Korsmayer-Peppas and Logistic equations as well. During the turbidity study, stoichiometry compositions were selected for the developed IPECs EPO/PecA and EPO/PecC at pH values = 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0. The FTIR spectra of the complexes were characterized by an increase in the intensity of the bands at 1610 cm-1 and 1400 cm-1. According to the DSC analysis, IPEC has a certain Tg = 57.3 °C. The highest release rates were obtained for IPEC EPO/PecC_1 and EPO/PecC_4. The mechanism of drug transport from the matrices IPEC EPO/PecC, IPEC EPO/PecA_3, and EPO/PecA_4 can be characterized as Super Case II. Anomalous release (non-Fickian release) is typical for IPEC EPO/PecA_1 and EPO/PecA_2. Thus, the resulting systems can be further used for the effective delivery of the drugs to the colon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rouslan I. Moustafine
- Institute of Pharmacy, Kazan State Medical University, 16 Fatykh Amirkhan Street, 420126 Kazan, Russia; (S.F.N.); (V.R.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Blanco PM, Narambuena CF, Madurga S, Mas F, Garcés JL. Unusual Aspects of Charge Regulation in Flexible Weak Polyelectrolytes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2680. [PMID: 37376324 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the state of the art of the studies on charge regulation (CR) effects in flexible weak polyelectrolytes (FWPE). The characteristic of FWPE is the strong coupling of ionization and conformational degrees of freedom. After introducing the necessary fundamental concepts, some unconventional aspects of the the physical chemistry of FWPE are discussed. These aspects are: (i) the extension of statistical mechanics techniques to include ionization equilibria and, in particular, the use of the recently proposed Site Binding-Rotational Isomeric State (SBRIS) model, which allows the calculation of ionization and conformational properties on the same foot; (ii) the recent progresses in the inclusion of proton equilibria in computer simulations; (iii) the possibility of mechanically induced CR in the stretching of FWPE; (iv) the non-trivial adsorption of FWPE on ionized surfaces with the same charge sign as the PE (the so-called "wrong side" of the isoelectric point); (v) the influence of macromolecular crowding on CR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M Blanco
- Physical Chemistry Unit, Materials Science and Physical Chemistry Department & Research Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), Barcelona University (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Claudio F Narambuena
- Grupo de Bionanotecnologia y Sistemas Complejos, Infap-CONICET & Facultad Regional San Rafael, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, San Rafael 5600, Argentina
| | - Sergio Madurga
- Physical Chemistry Unit, Materials Science and Physical Chemistry Department & Research Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), Barcelona University (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Mas
- Physical Chemistry Unit, Materials Science and Physical Chemistry Department & Research Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), Barcelona University (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep L Garcés
- Chemistry Department, Technical School of Agricultural Engineering & AGROTECNIO, Lleida University (UdL), 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Casey-Power S, Ryan R, Behl G, McLoughlin P, Byrne ME, Fitzhenry L. Hyaluronic Acid: Its Versatile Use in Ocular Drug Delivery with a Specific Focus on Hyaluronic Acid-Based Polyelectrolyte Complexes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071479. [PMID: 35890371 PMCID: PMC9323903 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research is currently being conducted into novel ocular drug delivery systems (ODDS) that are capable of surpassing the limitations associated with conventional intraocular anterior and posterior segment treatments. Nanoformulations, including those synthesised from the natural, hydrophilic glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronic acid (HA), have gained significant traction due to their enhanced intraocular permeation, longer retention times, high physiological stability, inherent biocompatibility, and biodegradability. However, conventional nanoformulation preparation methods often require large volumes of organic solvent, chemical cross-linkers, and surfactants, which can pose significant toxicity risks. We present a comprehensive, critical review of the use of HA in the field of ophthalmology and ocular drug delivery, with a discussion of the physicochemical and biological properties of HA that render it a suitable excipient for drug delivery to both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. The pivotal focus of this review is a discussion of the formation of HA-based nanoparticles via polyelectrolyte complexation, a mild method of preparation driven primarily by electrostatic interaction between opposing polyelectrolytes. To the best of our knowledge, despite the growing number of publications centred around the development of HA-based polyelectrolyte complexes (HA-PECs) for ocular drug delivery, no review articles have been published in this area. This review aims to bridge the identified gap in the literature by (1) reviewing recent advances in the area of HA-PECs for anterior and posterior ODD, (2) describing the mechanism and thermodynamics of polyelectrolyte complexation, and (3) critically evaluating the intrinsic and extrinsic formulation parameters that must be considered when designing HA-PECs for ocular application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saoirse Casey-Power
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Campus, South East Technological University, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (R.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.); (L.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Richie Ryan
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Campus, South East Technological University, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (R.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Gautam Behl
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Campus, South East Technological University, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (R.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Peter McLoughlin
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Campus, South East Technological University, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (R.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Mark E. Byrne
- Biomimetic & Biohybrid Materials, Biomedical Devices & Drug Delivery Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Laurence Fitzhenry
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Campus, South East Technological University, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (R.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.); (L.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sethuraman V, Zheng D, Morse DC, Dorfman KD. Adsorption of Charge Sequence-Specific Polydisperse Polyelectrolytes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaidyanathan Sethuraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - David Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - David C. Morse
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kevin D. Dorfman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Poly[(vinyl benzyl trimethylammonium chloride)]-based nanoparticulate copolymer structures encapsulating insulin. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
8
|
Tuesta-Chavez T, Monteza J, Silva Jaimes MI, Ruiz -Pacco GA, Changanaqui K, Espinoza – Suarez JB, Alarcon H, Osorio – Anaya AM, Valderrama – Negrón A, Sotomayor MD. Characterization and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity of prepared liquid smoke-loaded chitosan nanoparticles. J FOOD ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
9
|
Gardouh AR, Elhusseiny S, Gad S. Mixed Avanafil and Dapoxetin Hydrochloride cyclodextrin nano-sponges: Preparation, in-vitro characterization, and bioavailability determination. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
10
|
Cisneros-Covarrubias CA, Gómez-Durán CF, Aguirre-Bañuelos P, Hernández-Esquivel RA, Palestino G. Tramadol extended-release porous silicon microcarriers: A kinetic, physicochemical and biological evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Cazorla-Luna R, Martín-Illana A, Notario-Pérez F, Ruiz-Caro R, Veiga MD. Naturally Occurring Polyelectrolytes and Their Use for the Development of Complex-Based Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems: An Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2241. [PMID: 34301004 PMCID: PMC8309414 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers have several advantages for the development of drug delivery systems, since they are biocompatible, biodegradable and easy to obtain from renewable resources. However, their most notable advantage may be their ability to adhere to biological tissues. Many of these biopolymers have ionized forms, known as polyelectrolytes. When combined, polyelectrolytes with opposite charges spontaneously form polyelectrolyte complexes or multilayers, which have great functional versatility. Although only one natural polycation-chitosan has been widely explored until now, it has been combined with many natural polyanions such as pectin, alginate and xanthan gum, among others. These polyelectrolyte complexes have been used to develop multiple mucoadhesive dosage forms such as hydrogels, tablets, microparticles, and films, which have demonstrated extraordinary potential to administer drugs by the ocular, nasal, buccal, oral, and vaginal routes, improving both local and systemic treatments. The advantages observed for these formulations include the increased bioavailability or residence time of the formulation in the administration zone, and the avoidance of invasive administration routes, leading to greater therapeutic compliance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - María-Dolores Veiga
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-L.); (A.M.-I.); (F.N.-P.); (R.R.-C.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang F, Zheng J, Li Z, Cai Z, Wang F, Yang D. Purification, Characterization, and Self-Assembly of the Polysaccharide from Allium schoenoprasum. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061352. [PMID: 34208119 PMCID: PMC8230776 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The major polysaccharide component from the stalk of Allium schoenoprasum (AssP) was extracted and purified. Gel filtration chromatography purified AssP exhibited a molecular weight of around 1.7 kDa, which was verified by MALDI-ToF-MS. The monosaccharide analysis revealed its composition as rhamnose: arabinose: galactose: glucose: mannose: fructose with a molar ratio of 0.03:2.46:3.71:3.35:1.00:9.93, respectively. The Congo-red assay indicated that there was no tertiary structure of this polysaccharide, however, it self-assembled into a homogenous nanoparticle with a diameter of ~600 nm as revealed by the dynamic light scattering measurement. The solution behavior of this polysaccharide was simulated. The association of this polysaccharide was both time dependent and concentration dependent. AssP forms spherical particles spontaneously as time passes by, and when the AssP concentration increased, the spherical particles increased their sizes and eventually merged into cylindrical micelles. The diversity of AssP hydrodynamic behavior endowed potential versatility in its future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengrui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 East Tsinghua Rd., Beijing 100083, China; (F.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Jun Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 East Tsinghua Rd., Beijing 100083, China; (F.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Zeyu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 East Tsinghua Rd., Beijing 100083, China; (F.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Zixuan Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 East Tsinghua Rd., Beijing 100083, China; (F.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.C.); (F.W.)
- Xinghua Industrial Research Centre for Food Science and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Xinghua 225700, China
| | - Fengqiao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 East Tsinghua Rd., Beijing 100083, China; (F.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Dong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 East Tsinghua Rd., Beijing 100083, China; (F.Z.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (Z.C.); (F.W.)
- Xinghua Industrial Research Centre for Food Science and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Xinghua 225700, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6273-7129
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A Novel Formulation of Cisplatin with γ-Polyglutamic Acid and Chitosan Reduces Its Adverse Renal Effects: An In Vitro and In Vivo Animal Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111803. [PMID: 34070811 PMCID: PMC8198433 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II); CDDP) is a key chemotherapeutic agent but causes renal damage and other off-target effects. Here, we describe the pharmacological and biochemical characteristics of a novel formulation of CDDP complexed with γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) and chitosan (CS), γ-PGA/CDDP-CS, developed by complexing CDDP with γ-PGA, then adding CS (15 kDa; 10 mol%/γ-PGA). We analyzed tumor cytotoxicity in vitro, as well as blood kinetics, acute toxicity, and antitumor efficacy in vivo in BALB/cAJcl mice. γ-PGA/CDDP-CS showed pH-dependent release in vitro over 12 days (9.1% CDDP released at pH 7.4; 49.9% at pH 5.5). It showed in vitro cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner similar to that of uncomplexed CDDP. In a mesothelioma-bearing mouse model, a 15 mg/kg dose of CDDP inhibited tumor growth regardless of the type of formulation, complexed or uncomplexed; however, all mice in the uncomplexed CDDP group died within 13 days. γ-PGA/CDDP-CS was as effective as free CDDP in vivo but much less toxic.
Collapse
|
14
|
Intra-articular injection of anti-inflammatory peptide-loaded glycol chitosan/fucoidan nanogels to inhibit inflammation and attenuate osteoarthritis progression. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:469-478. [PMID: 33359610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glycol chitosan/fucoidan nanogels loaded with anti-inflammatory peptide KAFAK (GC/Fu@KAFAK NGs) were fabricated based on the electrostatic interaction and genipin cross-linking methods. The prepared NGs had an average size of 286.3 ± 5.0 nm and positive surface charge of 14.0 ± 0.2 mV. The anti-inflammatory and chondro-protective effects of GC/Fu@KAFAK NGs were evaluated on interlecukin-1β (IL-1β)-stimulated rat chondrocytes. We found that GC/Fu@KAFAK NGs not only inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), but also enhanced the expression of chondrogenic markers type II collagen, aggrecan, and Sox9. More importantly, in rat osteoarthritis (OA) model, the intra-articular (IA) injection of GC/Fu@KAFAK NGs reduced glycosaminoglycan loss and diminished inflammatory cytokine release. In addition, GC/Fu@KAFAK NGs showed good biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, IA inject-able GC/Fu@KAFAK NGs might have great potential in OA treatment.
Collapse
|
15
|
Davydova VN, Sorokina IV, Volod’ko AV, Sokolova EV, Borisova MS, Yermak IM. The Comparative Immunotropic Activity of Carrageenan, Chitosan and Their Complexes. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E458. [PMID: 32899783 PMCID: PMC7551850 DOI: 10.3390/md18090458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunotropic activity of polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) of κ-carrageenan (κ-CGN) and chitosan (CH) of various compositions was assessed in comparison with the initial polysaccharides in comparable doses. For this, two soluble forms of PEC, with an excess of CH (CH:CGN mass ratios of 10:1) and with an excess of CGN (CH: CGN mass ratios of 1:10) were prepared. The ability of PEC to scavenge NO depended on the content of the κ-CGN in the PEC. The ability of the PEC to induce the synthesis of pro-inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) and anti-inflammatory (interleukine-10 (IL-10)) cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cell was determined by the activity of the initial κ-CGN, regardless of their composition. The anti-inflammatory activity of PEC and the initial compounds was studied using test of histamine-, concanavalin A-, and sheep erythrocyte immunization-induced inflammation in mice. The highest activity of PEC, as well as the initial polysaccharides κ-CGN and CH, was observed in a histamine-induced exudative inflammation, directly related to the activation of phagocytic cells, i.e., macrophages and neutrophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya N. Davydova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.V.V.); (E.V.S.); (I.M.Y.)
| | - Irina V. Sorokina
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.V.S.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Aleksandra V. Volod’ko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.V.V.); (E.V.S.); (I.M.Y.)
| | - Ekaterina V. Sokolova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.V.V.); (E.V.S.); (I.M.Y.)
| | - Marina S. Borisova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.V.S.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Irina M. Yermak
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.V.V.); (E.V.S.); (I.M.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sladek S, McCartney F, Eskander M, Dunne DJ, Santos-Martinez MJ, Benetti F, Tajber L, Brayden DJ. An Enteric-Coated Polyelectrolyte Nanocomplex Delivers Insulin in Rat Intestinal Instillations when Combined with a Permeation Enhancer. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030259. [PMID: 32178442 PMCID: PMC7151133 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanocarriers is being researched to achieve oral peptide delivery. Insulin-associated anionic polyelectrolyte nanoparticle complexes (PECs) were formed that comprised hyaluronic acid and chitosan in an optimum mass mixing ratio of 5:1 (MR 5), followed by coating with a pH-dependent polymer. Free insulin was separated from PECs by size exclusion chromatography and then measured by HPLC. The association efficiency of insulin in PECs was >95% and the loading was ~83 µg/mg particles. Dynamic light scattering and nanoparticle tracking analysis of PECs revealed low polydispersity, a negative zeta potential range of −40 to −50 mV, and a diameter range of 95–200 nm. Dissolution studies in simulated small intestinal fluid (FaSSIF-V2) revealed that the PECs were colloidally stable. PECs that were coated with Eudragit® L-100 delayed insulin release in FaSSIF-V2 and protected insulin against pancreatin attack more than uncoated PECs. Uncoated anionic PECs interacted weakly with mucin in vitro and were non-cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells. The coated and uncoated PECs, both concentrated further by ultrafiltration, permitted dosing of 50 IU/kg in rat jejunal instillations, but they failed to reduce plasma glucose or deliver insulin to the blood. When ad-mixed with the permeation enhancer (PE), sucrose laurate (100 mM), the physicochemical parameters of coated PECs were relatively unchanged, however blood glucose was reduced by 70%. In conclusion, the use of a PE allowed for the PEC-released bioactive insulin to permeate the jejunum. This has implications for the design of orally delivered particles that can release the payload when formulated with enhancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Sladek
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (S.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Fiona McCartney
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (S.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Mena Eskander
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; (M.E.); (D.J.D.); (M.J.S.-M.); (L.T.)
| | - David J. Dunne
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; (M.E.); (D.J.D.); (M.J.S.-M.); (L.T.)
| | - Maria Jose Santos-Martinez
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; (M.E.); (D.J.D.); (M.J.S.-M.); (L.T.)
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Federico Benetti
- ECSIN Laboratory–Ecamricert Srl, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padova, Italy;
| | - Lidia Tajber
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; (M.E.); (D.J.D.); (M.J.S.-M.); (L.T.)
| | - David J. Brayden
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (S.S.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1716-6013
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Reis B, Vehlow D, Rust T, Kuckling D, Müller M. Thermoresponsive Catechol Based-Polyelectrolyte Complex Coatings for Controlled Release of Bortezomib. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236081. [PMID: 31810352 PMCID: PMC6928965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome the high relapse rate of multiple myeloma (MM), a drug delivery coating for functionalization of bone substitution materials (BSM) is reported based on adhesive, catechol-containing and stimuli-responsive polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). This system is designed to deliver the MM drug bortezomib (BZM) directly to the anatomical site of action. To establish a gradual BZM release, the naturally occurring caffeic acid (CA) is coupled oxidatively to form poly(caffeic acid) (PCA), which is used as a polyanion for complexation. The catechol functionalities within the PCA are particularly suitable to form esters with the boronic acid group of the BZM, which are then cleaved in the body fluid to administer the drug. To achieve a more thorough control of the release, the thermoresponsive poly(N-isoproplyacrylamide-co-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) (P(NIPAM-co-DMAEMA)) was used as a polycation. Using turbidity measurements, it was proven that the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) character of this polymer was transferred to the PECs. Further special temperature dependent attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) showed that coatings formed by PEC immobilization exhibit a similar thermoresponsive performance. By loading the coatings with BZM and studying the release in a model system, via UV/Vis it was observed, that both aims, the retardation and the stimuli control of the release, were achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Reis
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Department Polyelectrolytes and Dispersions, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (B.R.); (D.V.)
- Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Vehlow
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Department Polyelectrolytes and Dispersions, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (B.R.); (D.V.)
- Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tarik Rust
- Universität Paderborn, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Str. 100, 33106 Paderborn, Germany; (T.R.); (D.K.)
| | - Dirk Kuckling
- Universität Paderborn, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Str. 100, 33106 Paderborn, Germany; (T.R.); (D.K.)
| | - Martin Müller
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Department Polyelectrolytes and Dispersions, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (B.R.); (D.V.)
- Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-351-4658-705
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Blanco PM, Madurga S, Narambuena CF, Mas F, Garcés JL. Role of Charge Regulation and Fluctuations in the Conformational and Mechanical Properties of Weak Flexible Polyelectrolytes. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11121962. [PMID: 31795443 PMCID: PMC6960815 DOI: 10.3390/polym11121962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work addresses the role of charge regulation (CR) and the associated fluctuations in the conformational and mechanical properties of weak polyelectrolytes. Due to CR, changes in the pH-value modifies the average macromolecular charge and conformational equilibria. A second effect is that, for a given average charge per site, fluctuations can alter the intensity of the interactions by means of correlation between binding sites. We investigate both effects by means of Monte Carlo simulations at constant pH-value, so that the charge is a fluctuating quantity. Once the average charge per site is available, we turn off the fluctuations by assigning the same average charge to every site. A constant charge MC simulation is then performed. We make use of a model which accounts for the main fundamental aspects of a linear flexible polyelectrolyte that is, proton binding, angle internal rotation, bond stretching and bending. Steric excluded volume and differentiated treatment for short-range and long-range interactions are also included. This model can be regarded as a kind of “minimal” in the sense that it contains a minimum number of parameters but still preserving the atomistic detail. It is shown that, if fluctuations are activated, gauche state bond probabilities increase and the persistence length decreases, so that the polymer becomes more folded. Macromolecular stretching is also analyzed in presence of CR (the charge depends on the applied force) and without CR (the charge is fixed to the value at zero force). The analysis of the low force scaling behavior concludes that Pincus exponent becomes pH-dependent. Both, with and without CR, a transition from 1/2 at high pH-values (phantom chain) to 3/5 at low pH-values (Pincus regime) is observed. Finally, the intermediate force stretching regime is investigated. It is found that CR induces a moderate influence in the force-extension curves and persistence length (which in this force regime becomes force-dependent). It is thus concluded that the effect of CR on the stretching curves is mainly due to the changes in the average charge at zero force. It is also found that, for the cases studied, the effect of steric excluded volume is almost irrelevant compared to electrostatic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M. Blanco
- Physical Chemistry Unit, Materials Science and Physical Chemistry Department & Research Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB) of Barcelona University (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (P.M.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Sergio Madurga
- Physical Chemistry Unit, Materials Science and Physical Chemistry Department & Research Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB) of Barcelona University (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Claudio F. Narambuena
- Facultad Regional San Rafael, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional & Instituto de Física Aplicada (INFAP), Universidad Nacional de San Luis-CONICET, 5600 San Rafael, Argentina;
| | - Francesc Mas
- Physical Chemistry Unit, Materials Science and Physical Chemistry Department & Research Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB) of Barcelona University (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (P.M.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Josep L. Garcés
- Chemistry Department, Technical School of Agricultural Engineering & AGROTECNIO of Lleida University (UdL), 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mudassir J, Darwis Y, Muhamad S, Khan AA. Self-assembled insulin and nanogels polyelectrolyte complex (Ins/NGs-PEC) for oral insulin delivery: characterization, lyophilization and in-vivo evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:4895-4909. [PMID: 31456636 PMCID: PMC6620829 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s199507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Insulin is given by injection, because when administered orally, it would be destroyed by enzymes in the digestive system, hence only about 0.1% reaches blood circulation. The purpose of the present study was to use pH sensitive polyelectrolyte methyl methacrylate (MMA)/itaconic acid (IA) nanogels as carriers in an attempt to improve absorption of insulin administered orally. Methods: Insulin (Ins) was incorporated into the MMA/IA nanogels (NGs) using the polyelectrolyte complexation (PEC) method to form Ins/NGs-PEC. Several parameters, including Ins:NGs ratio, pH, incubation time and stirring rate were optimized during preparation of InsNGs-PEC. The prepared formulations were characterized in terms of particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PdI), zeta potential (ZP) and percent entrapment efficiency (% EE). Results: The optimized InF12 nanogels had a PS, PdI, ZP and %EE of 190.43 nm, 0.186, −16.70 mV and 85.20%, respectively. The InF12 nanogels were lyophilized in the presence of different concentrations of trehalose as cryoprotectant. The lyophilized InF12 containing 2%w/v trahalose (InF12-Tre2 nanogels) was chosen as final formulation which had a PS, PdI, ZP and %EE of 430.50 nm, 0.588, −16.50 mv and 82.10, respectively. The in vitro release of insulin from InF12-Tre2 nanogels in the SGF and SIF were 28.71% and 96.53%, respectively. The stability study conducted at 5±3°C for 3 months showed that lnF12-Tre2 nanogels were stable. The SDS-PAGE assay indicated that the primary structure of insulin in the lnF12-Tre2 nanogels was intact. The in-vivo study in the diabetic rats following oral administration of InF12-Tre2 nanogels at a dose of 100 IU/kg body weight reduced blood glucose level significantly to 51.10% after 6 hours compared to the control groups. Conclusions: The pH sensitive MMA/IA nanogels are potential carriers for oral delivery of insulin as they enhanced the absorption of the drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jahanzeb Mudassir
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains, Malaysia, 11800, Penang Malaysia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahanuddin Zakariya, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Yusrida Darwis
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains, Malaysia, 11800, Penang Malaysia
| | - Suriani Muhamad
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains, Malaysia, 11800, Penang Malaysia
| | - Arshad Ali Khan
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains, Malaysia, 11800, Penang Malaysia.,Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lima FV, Mendes C, Zanetti-Ramos BG, Nandi JK, Cardoso SG, Bernardon JK, Silva MAS. Carbamide peroxide nanoparticles for dental whitening application: Characterization, stability and in vivo/in situ evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 179:326-333. [PMID: 30981068 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Carbamide peroxide is the popular home dental whitening agent. However, it has critical stability. Nanoparticles have been applied to develop products with advantages properties as better efficacy and stability increase. The aim of this study was the characterization of carbamide peroxide polymeric nanoparticles, their bleaching efficacy, effects on pulp damage and stability evaluation. Particle size demonstrated a spherical morphology and bimodal distribution (11 and 398 nm). Nanoparticles presented high entrapment efficiency (98.94%) and the zeta potential value was slightly positive (+10.26 mV). Regardless of the zeta potential, the steric effect may contribute to carbamide peroxide nanoparticle stabilization. The stability studies conducted at room temperature suggested that carbamide peroxide nanoparticles could maintain all the parameters evaluated (size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, pH and content) for at least 90 days. Instability index was determined by dispersion analyzer (LUMiSizer ®), was 0.018, and the light transmission profile did not present sedimentation. Carbamide peroxide nanoparticles were able to prevent thermal degradation and photostability. Clinical efficacy of the whitening gels was obtained by color change in the spectrophotometer and the results showed that all the evaluated gels containing the nanoparticles (0, 1, 2 and 5% of real carbamide peroxide) were effective at bleaching after 2 h of home whitening treatment (during 30 days). After the treatment, the extracted teeth showed no in situ pulp damage by histological evaluation. The nanotechnology strategy of converting carbamide peroxide into polymeric nanoparticles revealed a new product with improved stability, a good approach for carbamide peroxide delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Vieira Lima
- Post Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Brazil.
| | - Cassiana Mendes
- Post Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Brazil; Studies Group on Polymeric Materials (POLIMAT), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | | | - Janayne Kemper Nandi
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Simone Gonçalves Cardoso
- Post Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kumari N, Mathe V, Dongre P. Albumin nanoparticles conjugates binding with glycan - A strategic approach for targeted drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:74-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
22
|
Sepúlveda-Rivas S, Fritz HF, Valenzuela C, Santiviago CA, Morales JO. Development of Novel EE/Alginate Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanoparticles for Lysozyme Delivery: Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Safety. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E103. [PMID: 30823628 PMCID: PMC6470925 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of biologic drugs has increased in the pharmaceutical industry due to their high therapeutic efficacy and selectivity. As such, safe and biocompatible delivery systems to improve their stability and efficacy are needed. Here, we developed novel cationic polymethacrylate-alginate (EE-alginate) pNPs for the biologic drug model lysozyme (Lys). The impact of variables such as total charge and charge ratios over nanoparticle physicochemical properties as well as their influence over in vitro safety (viability/proliferation and cell morphology) on HeLa cells was investigated. Our results showed that electrostatic interactions between the EE-alginate and lysozyme led to the formation of EE/alginate Lys pNPs with reproducible size, high stability due to their controllable zeta potential, a high association efficiency, and an in vitro sustained Lys release. Selected formulations remained stable for up to one month and Fourier transform-Infrared (FT-IR) showed that the functional groups of different polymers remain identifiable in combined systems, suggesting that Lys secondary structure is retained after pNP synthesis. EE-alginate Lys pNPs at low concentrations are biocompatible, while at high concentrations, they show cytotoxic for HeLa cells, and this effect was found to be dose-dependent. This study highlights the potential of the EE-alginate, a novel polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticle, as an effective and viable nanocarrier for future drug delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sepúlveda-Rivas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile.
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380494, Chile.
| | - Hans F Fritz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile.
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380494, Chile.
| | - Camila Valenzuela
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile.
| | - Carlos A Santiviago
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile.
| | - Javier O Morales
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile.
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago 8380494, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dokhaee Z, Maghsoudi A, Ghiaci P, Ghiaci M. Investigation of the blends of chitosan and tragacanth as potential drug carriers for the delivery of ibuprofen in the intestine. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03617b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a new potential hydrogel for the intestinal delivery of ibuprofen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Dokhaee
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan
- Iran
| | - Ali Maghsoudi
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Payam Ghiaci
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology
- University of Gothenburg
- Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Mehran Ghiaci
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan
- Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Costa MP, Prates LM, Baptista L, Cruz MT, Ferreira IL. Interaction of polyelectrolyte complex between sodium alginate and chitosan dimers with a single glyphosate molecule: A DFT and NBO study. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 198:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
25
|
Blanco PM, Madurga S, Mas F, Garcés JL. Coupling of Charge Regulation and Conformational Equilibria in Linear Weak Polyelectrolytes: Treatment of Long-Range Interactions via Effective Short-Ranged and pH-Dependent Interaction Parameters. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E811. [PMID: 30960736 PMCID: PMC6403780 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The classical Rotational Isomeric State (RIS) model, originally proposed by Flory, has been used to rationalize a wide range of physicochemical properties of neutral polymers. However, many weak polyelectrolytes of interest are able to regulate their charge depending on the conformational state of the bonds. Recently, it has been shown that the RIS model can be coupled with the Site Binding (SB) model, for which the ionizable sites can adopt two states: protonated or deprotonated. The resulting combined scheme, the SBRIS model, allows for analyzing ionization and conformational equilibria on the same foot. In the present work, this approach is extended to include pH-dependent electrostatic Long-Range (LR) interactions, ubiquitous in weak polyelectrolytes at moderate and low ionic strengths. With this aim, the original LR interactions are taken into account by defining effective Short-Range (SR) and pH-dependent parameters, such as effective microscopic protonation constants and rotational bond energies. The new parameters are systematically calculated using variational methods. The machinery of statistical mechanics for SR interactions, including the powerful and fast transfer matrix methods, can then be applied. The resulting technique, which we will refer to as the Local Effective Interaction Parameters (LEIP) method, is illustrated with a minimal model of a flexible linear polyelectrolyte containing only one type of rotating bond. LEIP reproduces very well the pH dependence of the degree of protonation and bond probabilities obtained by semi-grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations, where LR interactions are explicitly taken into account. The reduction in the computational time in several orders of magnitude suggests that the LEIP technique could be useful in a range of areas involving linear weak polyelectrolytes, allowing direct fitting of the relevant physical parameters to the experimental quantities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M Blanco
- Physical Chemistry Unit, Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry & Research Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB) of Barcelona University (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Sergio Madurga
- Physical Chemistry Unit, Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry & Research Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB) of Barcelona University (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Francesc Mas
- Physical Chemistry Unit, Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry & Research Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB) of Barcelona University (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Josep L Garcés
- Department of Chemistry, Technical School of Agricultural Engineering & Agrotecnio of Lleida University (UdL), 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Morphology, electrokinetic characteristics and the effect on biofilm formation of carrageenan:chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:1118-1124. [PMID: 29857105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carrageenan:chitosan (CG:CH) polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) were obtained and the effect of the initial components ratio on formation was studied by dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrokinetic measurements. Positively charged PEC particles (average ζ-potential 40.2 mV) were formed, provided that the polycation was present in excess in the complex and was stabilized by chitosan amino groups. According to the AFM data, chitosan was located on the surface of the carrageenan fibers. In PEC where carrageenan prevailed, the number of unbound sulfate groups decreased when the chitosan content increased, this resulted in a decrease in the PEC negative surface charge (from -92.4 to -55.6 mV). In this case, AFM showed that chitosan was incorporated into the network structure of carrageenan and breaks it at a CG:CH ratio of 1:0.5 w/w. Complexes with a high content of kappa-CG inhibited biofilm formation by Gram negative and Gram positive microorganisms.
Collapse
|
27
|
Interaction of Poly(l-lysine)/Polysaccharide Complex Nanoparticles with Human Vascular Endothelial Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8060358. [PMID: 29882877 PMCID: PMC6027445 DOI: 10.3390/nano8060358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in both soft and hard tissue regeneration, which can be modulated by therapeutic drugs. If nanoparticles (NP) are used as vectors for drug delivery, they have to encounter endothelial cells (EC) lining the vascular lumen, if applied intravenously. Herein the interaction of unloaded polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (PECNP) composed of cationic poly(l-lysine) (PLL) and various anionic polysaccharides with human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) was analyzed. In particular PECNP were tested for their cell adhesive properties, their cellular uptake and intracellular localization considering composition and net charge. PECNP may form a platform for both cell coating and drug delivery. PECNP, composed of PLL in combination with the polysaccharides dextran sulfate (DS), cellulose sulfate (CS) or heparin (HEP), either unlabeled or labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and either with positive or negative net charge were prepared. PECNP were applied to human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in both, the volume phase and immobilized phase at model substrates like tissue culture dishes. The attachment of PECNP to the cell surface, their intracellular uptake, and effects on cell proliferation and growth behavior were determined. Immobilized PECNP reduced attachment of HUVEC, most prominently the systems PLL/HEP and PLL/DS. A small percentage of immobilized PECNP was taken up by cells during adhesion. PECNP in the volume phase showed no effect of the net charge sign and only minor effects of the composition on the binding and uptake of PECNP at HUVEC. PECNP were stored in endosomal vesicles in a cumulative manner without apparent further processing. During mitosis, internalized PECNP were almost equally distributed among the dividing cells. Both, in the volume phase and immobilized at the surface, PECNP composed of PLL/HEP and PLL/DS clearly reduced cell proliferation of HUVEC, however without an apparent cytotoxic effect, while PLL/CS composition showed minor impairment. PECNP have an anti-adhesive effect on HUVEC and are taken up by endothelial cells which may negatively influence the proliferation rate of HUVEC. The negative effects were less obvious with the composition PLL/CS. Since uptake and binding for PLL/HEP was more efficient than for PLL/DS, PECNP of PLL/HEP may be used to deliver growth factors to endothelial cells during vascularization of bone reconstitution material, whereas those of PLL/CS may have an advantage for substituting biomimetic bone scaffold material.
Collapse
|
28
|
Umerska A, Gaucher C, Oyarzun-Ampuero F, Fries-Raeth I, Colin F, Villamizar-Sarmiento MG, Maincent P, Sapin-Minet A. Polymeric Nanoparticles for Increasing Oral Bioavailability of Curcumin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7040046. [PMID: 29587350 PMCID: PMC5946112 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the promising biological and antioxidant properties of curcumin, its medical applications are limited due to poor solubility in water and low bioavailability. Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) adapted to oral delivery may overcome these drawbacks. Properties such as particle size, zeta potential, morphology and encapsulation efficiency were assessed. Then, the possibility of storing these NPs in a solid-state form obtained by freeze-drying, in vitro curcumin dissolution and cytocompatibility towards intestinal cells were evaluated. Curcumin-loaded Eudragit® RLPO (ERL) NPs showed smaller particle diameters (245 ± 2 nm) and better redispersibility after freeze-drying than either poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) or polycaprolactone (PCL) NPs. The former NPs showed lower curcumin encapsulation efficiency (62%) than either PLGA or PCL NPs (90% and 99%, respectively). Nevertheless, ERL NPs showed rapid curcumin release with 91 ± 5% released over 1 h. The three curcumin-loaded NPs proposed in this work were also compatible with intestinal cells. Overall, ERL NPs are the most promising vehicles for increasing the oral bioavailability of curcumin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Umerska
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.U.); (I.F.-R.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (A.S.-M.)
| | - Caroline Gaucher
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.U.); (I.F.-R.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (A.S.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3-72-74-73-49
| | - Felipe Oyarzun-Ampuero
- Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 758-0150 Santiago, Chile; (F.O.-A.); (M.G.V.-S.)
| | - Isabelle Fries-Raeth
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.U.); (I.F.-R.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (A.S.-M.)
| | - Florence Colin
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.U.); (I.F.-R.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (A.S.-M.)
| | - María Gabriela Villamizar-Sarmiento
- Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 758-0150 Santiago, Chile; (F.O.-A.); (M.G.V.-S.)
| | - Philippe Maincent
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.U.); (I.F.-R.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (A.S.-M.)
| | - Anne Sapin-Minet
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.U.); (I.F.-R.); (F.C.); (P.M.); (A.S.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mucoadhesive Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes for the Buccal Delivery of Clobetasol. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10010085. [PMID: 30966120 PMCID: PMC6414932 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the feasibility to design: (a) a mucoadhesive interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) loaded with clobetasol propionate (CP) intended to treat oral lichen planus and (b) individuate an orodispersible dosage form suitable for its administration. IPECs were synthesized by mixing Eudragit® E PO (EPO) and different grades of cross-linked polyacrylate derivatives, in different molar ratios, namely 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1. All IPECs resulted at nanoscale independently of their composition (120⁻200 nm). Both zeta-potentials (ζ) and mucoadhesive performances were influenced by the ratio between polymers. On the bases of the preliminary data, IPECs made of Polycarbophil and EPO in the 1:2 ratio were loaded with CP. The encapsulation efficiency was up 88% independently of the CP-IPEC ratio. The drug encapsulation caused IPEC destabilization in water, as it was noticed by the increase of ζ values and the formation of aggregates. Oral lyophilisates were prepared by freeze-drying slurries made of placebo or CP loaded IPECs, maltodextrin with a dextrose equivalent 38 and Span®80. The optimized formulation permitted to obtain a fast disintegration upon contact with water reducing the tendency of IPECs to aggregate. Moreover, oral lyophilisates allowed improving the apparent solubility of CP throughout the in vitro release experiment.
Collapse
|
30
|
Umerska A, Cassisa V, Bastiat G, Matougui N, Nehme H, Manero F, Eveillard M, Saulnier P. Synergistic interactions between antimicrobial peptides derived from plectasin and lipid nanocapsules containing monolaurin as a cosurfactant against Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5687-5699. [PMID: 28848347 PMCID: PMC5557623 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s139625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of effective antibacterial agents for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria resistant to existing antibiotics, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is an area of intensive research. In this work, the antibacterial efficacy of two antimicrobial peptides derived from plectasin, AP114 and AP138, used alone and in combination with monolaurin-lipid nanocapsules (ML-LNCs) was evaluated. Several interesting findings emerged from the present study. First, ML-LNCs and both plectasin derivatives showed potent activity against all 14 tested strains of S. aureus, independent of their resistance phenotype. Both peptides displayed a considerable adsorption (33%-62%) onto ML-LNCs without having an important impact on the particle properties such as size. The combinations of peptide with ML-LNC displayed synergistic effect against S. aureus, as confirmed by two methods: checkerboard and time-kill assays. This synergistic interaction enables a dose reduction and consequently decreases the risk of toxicity and has the potential of minimizing the development of resistance. Together, these results suggest that ML-LNCs loaded with a plectasin derivative may be a very promising drug delivery system for further development as a novel antibacterial agent against S. aureus, including MRSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Umerska
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, Cedex, France
| | | | - Guillaume Bastiat
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, Cedex, France
| | - Nada Matougui
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, Cedex, France
| | - Hassan Nehme
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, Cedex, France
| | - Florence Manero
- SCIAM (Service Commun d'Imagerie et d'Analyses Microscopiques), Angers, France
| | - Matthieu Eveillard
- Equipe ATIP AVENIR, CRCINA, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Patrick Saulnier
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Folchman-Wagner Z, Zaro J, Shen WC. Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Formation Between Anionic and Cationic Poly(amino acids) and Their Potential Applications in pH-Dependent Drug Delivery. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071089. [PMID: 28665323 PMCID: PMC6152117 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) are self-assembling nano-sized constructs that offer several advantages over traditional nanoparticle carriers including controllable size, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and lack of toxicity, making them particularly appealing as tools for drug delivery. Here, we discuss potential application of PECs for drug delivery to the slightly acidic tumor microenvironment, a pH in the range of 6.5–7.0. Poly(l-glutamic acid) (En), poly(l-lysine) (Kn), and a copolymer composed of histidine-glutamic acid repeats ((HE)n) were studied for their ability to form PECs, which were analyzed for size, polydispersity, and pH sensitivity. PECs showed concentration dependent size variation at residue lengths of E51/K55 and E135/K127, however, no complexes were observed when E22 or K21 were used, even in combination with the longer chains. (HE)20/K55 PECs could encapsulate daunomycin, were stable from pH 7.4–6.5, and dissociated completely between pH 6.5–6.0. Conversely, the E51-dauno/K55 PEC dissociated between pH 4.0 and 3.0. These values for pH-dependent particle dissociation are consistent with the pKa’s of the ionizable groups in each formulation and indicate that the specific pH-sensitivity of (HE)20-dauno/K55 PECs is mediated by incorporation of histidine. This response within a pH range that is physiologically relevant to the acidic tumors suggests a potential application of these PECs in pH-dependent drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Folchman-Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Jennica Zaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Coast University School of Pharmacy, 590 Vermont Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90004, USA.
| | - Wei-Chiang Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Indomethacin-containing interpolyelectrolyte complexes based on Eudragit ® E PO/S 100 copolymers as a novel drug delivery system. Int J Pharm 2017; 524:121-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
33
|
Khalil IR, Burns ATH, Radecka I, Kowalczuk M, Khalaf T, Adamus G, Johnston B, Khechara MP. Bacterial-Derived Polymer Poly-y-Glutamic Acid (y-PGA)-Based Micro/Nanoparticles as a Delivery System for Antimicrobials and Other Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020313. [PMID: 28157175 PMCID: PMC5343849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)-based micro/nanoparticles have garnered remarkable attention as antimicrobial agents and for drug delivery, owing to their controlled and sustained-release properties, low toxicity, as well as biocompatibility with tissue and cells. γ-PGA is a naturally occurring biopolymer produced by several gram-positive bacteria that, due to its biodegradable, non-toxic and non-immunogenic properties, has been used successfully in the medical, food and wastewater industries. Moreover, its carboxylic group on the side chains can offer an attachment point to conjugate antimicrobial and various therapeutic agents, or to chemically modify the solubility of the biopolymer. The unique characteristics of γ-PGA have a promising future for medical and pharmaceutical applications. In the present review, the structure, properties and micro/nanoparticle preparation methods of γ-PGA and its derivatives are covered. Also, we have highlighted the impact of micro/nanoencapsulation or immobilisation of antimicrobial agents and various disease-related drugs on biodegradable γ-PGA micro/nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim R Khalil
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Zabrze 41-819, Poland.
| | - Alan T H Burns
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Iza Radecka
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Zabrze 41-819, Poland.
| | - Tamara Khalaf
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Grazyna Adamus
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Zabrze 41-819, Poland.
| | - Brian Johnston
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Martin P Khechara
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bourganis V, Karamanidou T, Kammona O, Kiparissides C. Polyelectrolyte complexes as prospective carriers for the oral delivery of protein therapeutics. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 111:44-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
35
|
Wicaksono PA, Name S, Martien R, Ismail H. Formulation and Cytotoxicity of Ribosome-Inactivating Protein Mirabilis Jalapa L. Nanoparticles Using Alginate-Low Viscosity Chitosan Conjugated with Anti-Epcam Antibodies in the T47D Breast Cancer Cell Line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 17:2277-84. [PMID: 27221930 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.4.2277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) from Mirabilis jalapa L. leaves has cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cell lines but is less toxic towards normal cells. However, it can easily be degraded after administration so it needs to be formulated into nanoparticles to increase its resistance to enzymatic degradation. The objectives of this study were to develop a protein extract of M. jalapa L. leaves (RIP-MJ) incorporated into nanoparticles conjugated with Anti-EpCAM antibodies, and to determine its cytotoxicity and selectivity in the T47D breast cancer cell line. RIP-MJ was extracted from red-flowered M. jalapa L. leaves. Nanoparticles were formulated based on polyelectrolyte complexation using low viscosity chitosan and alginate, then chemically conjugated with anti-EpCAM antibody using EDAC based on carbodiimide reaction. RIP-MJ nanoparticles were characterised for the particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, particle morphology, and entrapment efficiency. The cytotoxicity of RIP-MJ nanoparticles against T47D and Vero cells was then determined with MTT assay. The optimal formula of RIP-MJ nanoparticles was obtained at the concentration of RIP-MJ, low viscosity chitosan and alginate respectively 0.05%, 1%, and 0.4% (m/v). RIP-MJ nanoparticles are hexagonal with high entrapment efficiency of 98.6%, average size of 130.7 nm, polydispersity index of 0.380 and zeta potential +26.33 mV. The IC50 values of both anti-EpCAM-conjugated and non-conjugated RIP-MJ nanoparticles for T47D cells (13.3 and 14.9 μg/mL) were lower than for Vero cells (27.8 and 33.6 μg/mL). The IC50 values of conjugated and non- conjugated RIP-MJ for both cells were much lower than IC50 values of non-formulated RIP-MJ (>500 μg/mL).
Collapse
|
36
|
Guo L, Meng Y, Fang S. Physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of ε-polylysine/carboxymethyl chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes and their effect against spoilage microorganisms in raw pork. Food Funct 2017; 8:2243-2248. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00279c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
37
|
|
38
|
Buriuli M, Verma D. Polyelectrolyte Complexes (PECs) for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED STRUCTURED MATERIALS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3328-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
39
|
Albumin hybrid nanoparticles loaded with tyrosine kinase A inhibitor GNF-5837 for targeted inhibition of breast cancer cell growth and invasion. Int J Pharm 2016; 515:527-534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
40
|
Garcés JL, Madurga S, Rey-Castro C, Mas F. Dealing with long-range interactions in the determination of polyelectrolyte ionization properties. Extension of the transfer matrix formalism to the full range of ionic strengths. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josep L. Garcés
- Chemistry Department; Technical School of Agricultural Engineering & AGROTECNIO of Lleida University (UdL); Lleida Catalonia Spain
| | - Sergio Madurga
- Physical Chemistry Unit; Materials Science and Physical Chemistry Department & Research Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB) of Barcelona University (UB); Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Carlos Rey-Castro
- Chemistry Department; Technical School of Agricultural Engineering & AGROTECNIO of Lleida University (UdL); Lleida Catalonia Spain
| | - Francesc Mas
- Physical Chemistry Unit; Materials Science and Physical Chemistry Department & Research Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB) of Barcelona University (UB); Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pandey B, Mahato J, Cotta KB, Das S, Sharma DK, Sen Gupta S, Chowdhury A. Glycopolypeptide-Grafted Bioactive Polyionic Complex Vesicles (PICsomes) and Their Specific Polyvalent Interactions. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:600-612. [PMID: 31457149 PMCID: PMC6640804 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Glycopolypeptide-based self-assembled nano-/microstructures with surface-tethered carbohydrates are excellent mimics of glycoproteins on the cell surface. To expand the broad repertoire of glycopolypeptide-based supramolecular soft structures such as polymersomes formed via self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers, we have developed a new class of polyionic complex vesicles (PICsomes) with glycopolypeptides grafted on the external surface. Oppositely charged hydrophilic block copolymers of glycopolypeptide20-b-poly-l-lysine100 and PEG2k-b-poly-l-glutamate100 [PEG = poly(ethylene glycol)] were synthesized using a combination of ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides and "click" chemistry. Under physiological conditions, the catiomer and aniomer self-assemble to form glycopolypeptide-conjugated PICsomes (GP-PICsomes) of micrometer dimensions. Electron and atomic force microscopy suggests a hollow morphology of the PICsomes, with inner aqueous pool (core) and peripheral PIC (shell) regions. Owing to their relatively large (∼micrometers) size, the hollowness of the supramolecular structure could be established via fluorescence microscopy of single GP-PICsomes, both in solution and under dry conditions, using spatially distributed fluorescent probes. Furthermore, the dynamics of single PICsomes in solution could be imaged in real time, which also allowed us to test for multivalent interactions between PICsomes mediated by a carbohydrate (mannose)-binding protein (lectin, Con-A). The immediate association of several GP-PICsomes in the presence of Con-A and their eventual aggregation to form large insoluble aggregate clusters reveal that upon self-assembly carbohydrate moieties protrude on the outer surface which retains their biochemical activity. Challenge experiments with excess mannose reveal fast deaggregation of GP-PICsomes as opposed to that in the presence of excess galactose, which further establishes the specificity of lectin-mediated polyvalent interactions of the GP-PICsomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Pandey
- Chemical
Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi
Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), New Delhi 110 025, India
| | - Jaladhar Mahato
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research
in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Karishma Berta Cotta
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research
in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Soumen Das
- Chemical
Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi
Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), New Delhi 110 025, India
| | - Dharmendar Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research
in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sayam Sen Gupta
- Chemical
Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi
Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Arindam Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Research
in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Umerska A, Matougui N, Groo AC, Saulnier P. Understanding the adsorption of salmon calcitonin, antimicrobial peptide AP114 and polymyxin B onto lipid nanocapsules. Int J Pharm 2016; 506:191-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
43
|
Abstract
Lipidic nanoparticulate self-assembled structures are effective carriers for drug delivery. This chapter describes the most famous nanotechnological drug delivery systems that are already used in clinical practice and clinical evaluation or in academic research. Liposomes are nanocolloidal lyotropic liquid crystals that are able to deliver bioactive molecules. Their membrane biophysics and thermodynamic properties reflect to the creation of metastable phases that affect their functionality and physicochemical behavior. Thermo- and pH-responsive liposomes are innovative nanotechnological platforms for drug delivery and targeting. Polymeric micelles and polymersomes are nanostructures that are promising drug carriers, while dendrimeric structures are considered as real nanoparticulate systems that are used in drug delivery and as nonviral vectors as well as in prevention of serious infections leading to diseases. Vaccines based on nanoparticles such as liposomes are an emerging technology and liposomes seem to meet the requirement criteria of adjuvanicity.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
During the last decades increasing attention has been paid to peptides as potential therapeutics. However, clinical applications of peptide drugs suffer from susceptibility to degradation, rather short circulation half-life, limited ability to cross physiological barriers and potential immunogenicity. These challenges can be addressed by using polymeric materials as peptide delivery systems, owing to their versatile structures and properties. A number of polymer-based vehicles have been developed to stabilize the peptides and to control their release rates. Unfortunately, no single polymer or formulation strategy has been considered ideal for all types of peptide drugs. In this review, currently used and potential polymer-based systems for the peptide delivery will be discussed.
Collapse
|
45
|
Hyaluronic acid and polyethylenimine self-assembled polyion complexes as pH-sensitive drug carrier for cancer therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 134:81-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
46
|
Cevher E, Salomon SK, Makrakis A, Li XW, Brocchini S, Alpar HO. Development of chitosan–pullulan composite nanoparticles for nasal delivery of vaccines: optimisation and cellular studies. J Microencapsul 2015; 32:755-68. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2015.1073392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
47
|
Cevher E, Salomon SK, Somavarapu S, Brocchini S, Alpar HO. Development of chitosan-pullulan composite nanoparticles for nasal delivery of vaccines: in vivo studies. J Microencapsul 2015; 32:769-83. [PMID: 26480962 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2015.1073393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Here, we aimed at developing chitosan/pullulan composite nanoparticles and testing their potential as novel systems for the nasal delivery of diphtheria toxoid (DT). All the chitosan derivatives [N-trimethyl (TMC), chloride and glutamate] and carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP) were synthesised and antigen-loaded composites were prepared by polyion complexation of chitosan and pullulan derivatives (particle size: 239-405 nm; surface charge: +18 and +27 mV). Their immunological effects after intranasal administration to mice were compared to intramuscular route. Composite nanoparticles induced higher levels of IgG responses than particles formed with chitosan derivative and antigen. Nasally administered TMC-pullulan composites showed higher DT serum IgG titre when compared with the other composites. Co-encapsulation of CpG ODN within TMC-CMP-DT nanoparticles resulted in a balanced Th1/Th2 response. TMC/pullulan composite nanoparticles also induced highest cytokine levels compared to those of chitosan salts. These findings demonstrated that TMC-CMP-DT composite nanoparticles are promising delivery system for nasal vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Cevher
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Stefan K Salomon
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , The UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London , London , United Kingdom .,c GlaxoSmithKline , London , United Kingdom , and
| | - Satyanarayana Somavarapu
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , The UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Steve Brocchini
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , The UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London , London , United Kingdom
| | - H Oya Alpar
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , The UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London , London , United Kingdom .,d Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kemerburgaz University , Istanbul , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pippa N, Karayianni M, Pispas S, Demetzos C. Complexation of cationic-neutral block polyelectrolyte with insulin and in vitro release studies. Int J Pharm 2015; 491:136-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
49
|
Umerska A, Paluch KJ, Santos-Martinez MJ, Medina C, Corrigan OI, Tajber L. Chondroitin-based nanoplexes as peptide delivery systems – Investigations into the self-assembly process, solid-state and extended release characteristics. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 93:242-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
50
|
Juganson K, Ivask A, Blinova I, Mortimer M, Kahru A. NanoE-Tox: New and in-depth database concerning ecotoxicity of nanomaterials. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:1788-804. [PMID: 26425431 PMCID: PMC4578397 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The increasing production and use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) inevitably results in their higher concentrations in the environment. This may lead to undesirable environmental effects and thus warrants risk assessment. The ecotoxicity testing of a wide variety of ENMs rapidly evolving in the market is costly but also ethically questionable when bioassays with vertebrates are conducted. Therefore, alternative methods, e.g., models for predicting toxicity mechanisms of ENMs based on their physico-chemical properties (e.g., quantitative (nano)structure-activity relationships, QSARs/QNARs), should be developed. While the development of such models relies on good-quality experimental toxicity data, most of the available data in the literature even for the same test species are highly variable. In order to map and analyse the state of the art of the existing nanoecotoxicological information suitable for QNARs, we created a database NanoE-Tox that is available as Supporting Information File 1. The database is based on existing literature on ecotoxicology of eight ENMs with different chemical composition: carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, silver (Ag), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), cerium dioxide (CeO2), copper oxide (CuO), and iron oxide (FeO x ; Fe2O3, Fe3O4). Altogether, NanoE-Tox database consolidates data from 224 articles and lists altogether 1,518 toxicity values (EC50/LC50/NOEC) with corresponding test conditions and physico-chemical parameters of the ENMs as well as reported toxicity mechanisms and uptake of ENMs in the organisms. 35% of the data in NanoE-Tox concerns ecotoxicity of Ag NPs, followed by TiO2 (22%), CeO2 (13%), and ZnO (10%). Most of the data originates from studies with crustaceans (26%), bacteria (17%), fish (13%), and algae (11%). Based on the median toxicity values of the most sensitive organism (data derived from three or more articles) the toxicity order was as follows: Ag > ZnO > CuO > CeO2 > CNTs > TiO2 > FeO x . We believe NanoE-Tox database contains valuable information for ENM environmental hazard estimation and development of models for predicting toxic potential of ENMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katre Juganson
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Angela Ivask
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, 5095 South Australia, Australia
| | - Irina Blinova
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Monika Mortimer
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States
| | - Anne Kahru
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|