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Kataoka M, Yonehara A, Minami K, Takagi T, Yamashita S. Control of Dissolution and Supersaturation/Precipitation of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs from Cocrystals Based on Solubility Products: A Case Study with a Ketoconazole Cocrystal. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4100-4107. [PMID: 37354097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates in vitro and in vivo control of cocrystal dissolution with drug supersaturation/precipitation based on the solubility product of a cocrystal. As a cocrystal model, KTZ-4ABA (ketoconazole, KTZ, a poorly water-soluble drug cocrystal, with 4-aminobenzoic acid, 4ABA, a coformer) was used. The presence of 4ABA in the dissolution media dramatically reduced the dissolution rate of KTZ-4ABA and regulated the supersaturation/precipitation of KTZ, supported by the solubility product of KTZ-4ABA. In the in vitro dissolution study, the combined solid form of KTZ-4ABA and a ten-fold amount of 4ABA significantly lowered the degree of KTZ supersaturation without precipitation and further cocrystal dissolution. To confirm cocrystal dissolution control in the gastrointestinal tract with the same composition as the in vitro study, an in vivo oral administration study with rats was conducted. When KTZ was coadministered to rats in the cocrystal form, an excess of 4ABA coadministered with KTZ-4ABA in the solid form reduced the maximum plasma KTZ concentration (Cmax), prolonged the time to reach the Cmax, but did not influence the area under the plasma concentration-time curve. These results demonstrate that both in vitro and in vivo cocrystal dissolution can be regulated by adding an appropriate amount of coformer based on the solubility product, which can be one of the promising strategies for the oral use of cocrystal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kataoka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yonehara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Keiko Minami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Toshihide Takagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
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2
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Higashino H, Minami K, Takagi T, Kataoka M, Yamashita S. The Effects of Degree and Duration of Supersaturation on In Vivo Absorption Profiles for Highly Permeable Drugs, Dipyridamole and Ketoconazole. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023:S0939-6411(23)00150-9. [PMID: 37301301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The prediction of oral absorption from a supersaturating drug delivery system (SDDS) remains a significant challenge. Here we evaluated the effects of the degree and duration of supersaturation on in vivoabsorption for dipyridamole and ketoconazole. Various dose concentrations of supersaturated suspensions were prepared by a pH shift method, and in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption profiles were determined. For dipyridamole, the duration of supersaturation decreased with the increase of the dose concentration owing to rapid precipitation. For ketoconazole, the initially constant dissolved concentrations due probably to the liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) as a reservoir were observed at high dose concentrations. However, the LLPS did not delay the peak plasma concentration of ketoconazole in rats, indicating that drug molecules were immediately released from the oil phase to the bulk aqueous phase. For both model drugs, the degree of supersaturation, but not the duration of supersaturation, correlated with systemic exposure, indicating quick drug absorption before precipitation. Therefore, the degree of supersaturation is an important parameter compared with the duration of supersaturation for enhancing the in vivo absorption of highly permeable drugs. These findings would help develop a promising SDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Higashino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan; Pharmaron (Exton) Lab Services LLC (Absorption Systems LLC), 436 Creamery way, Suite 600, Exton, PA 19341, USA.
| | - Keiko Minami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Toshihide Takagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Makoto Kataoka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
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3
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Ding F, Cao W, Wang R, Wang N, Li A, Wei Y, Qian S, Zhang J, Gao Y, Pang Z. Mechanistic Study on Transformation of Coamorphous Baicalein-Nicotinamide to Its Cocrystal Form. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:513-524. [PMID: 36150469 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, coamorphization and cocrystal technologies are of particular interest in the pharmaceutical industry due to their ability to improve the solubility/dissolution and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, while the coamorphous system often tends to convert into the stable crystalline form usually crystalline physical mixture of each component during formulation preparation or storage. In this paper, BCS II drug baicalein (BAI) along with nicotinamide (NIC) were prepared into a single homogeneous coamorphous system with a single transition temperature at 42.5 °C. Interestingly, instead of the physical mixture of crystalline BAI and NIC, coamorphous BAI-NIC would transform to its cocrystal form under stress of temperature and humidity. The transformation rate under isothermal condition was temperature-dependent, since the crystallinity of the cocrystal enhanced as the temperature increased. Further mechanic studies showed the activation energy for the transformation under non-isothermal condition was calculated to be 184.52 kJ/mol. Additionally, water vapor sorption tests with further solid characterizations indicated the transformation was faster under higher humidity condition due to the faster nucleation process of cocrystal BAI-NIC. This research not only discovered the mechanism of transformation from coamorphous BAI-NIC to cocrystal form, but also provided an unusual method for cocrystal preparation from its coamorphous form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group Nanjing Hailing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210049, PR China
| | - Wei Cao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Runze Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Ningning Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Anran Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Zunting Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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4
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Crystal Engineering of Ionic Cocrystals Sustained by Azolium···Azole Heterosynthons. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112321. [DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystal engineering of multi-component molecular crystals, cocrystals, is a subject of growing interest, thanks in part to the potential utility of pharmaceutical cocrystals as drug substances with improved properties. Whereas molecular cocrystals (MCCs) are quite well studied from a design perspective, ionic cocrystals (ICCs) remain relatively underexplored despite there being several recently FDA-approved drug products based upon ICCs. Successful cocrystal design strategies typically depend on strong and directional noncovalent interactions between coformers, as exemplified by hydrogen bonds. Understanding of the hierarchy of such interactions is key to successful outcomes in cocrystal design. We herein address the crystal engineering of ICCs comprising azole functional groups, particularly imidazoles and triazoles, which are commonly encountered in biologically active molecules. Specifically, azoles were studied for their propensity to serve as coformers with strong organic (trifluoroacetic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid) and inorganic (hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid and nitric acid) acids to gain insight into the hierarchy of NH+···N (azolium-azole) supramolecular heterosynthons. Accordingly, we combined data mining of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) with the structural characterization of 16 new ICCs (11 imidazoles, 4 triazoles, one imidazole-triazole). Analysis of the new ICCs and 66 relevant hits archived in the CSD revealed that supramolecular synthons between identical azole rings (A+B−A) are much more commonly encountered, 71, than supramolecular synthons between different azole rings (A+B−C), 11. The average NH+···N distance found in the new ICCs reported herein is 2.697(3) Å and binding energy calculations suggested that hydrogen bond strengths range from 31–46 kJ mol−1. The azolium-triazole ICC (A+B−C) was obtained via mechanochemistry and differed from the other ICCs studied as there was no NH+···N hydrogen bonding. That the CNC angles in imidazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles are sensitive to protonation, the cationic forms having larger (approximately 4.4 degrees) values than comparable neutral rings, was used as a parameter to distinguish between protonated and neutral azole rings. Our results indicate that ICCs based upon azolium-azole supramolecular heterosynthons are viable targets, which has implications for the development of new azole drug substances with improved properties.
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The Relevance of Crystal Forms in the Pharmaceutical Field: Sword of Damocles or Innovation Tools? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169013. [PMID: 36012275 PMCID: PMC9408954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is aimed to provide to an “educated but non-expert” readership and an overview of the scientific, commercial, and ethical importance of investigating the crystalline forms (polymorphs, hydrates, and co-crystals) of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). The existence of multiple crystal forms of an API is relevant not only for the selection of the best solid material to carry through the various stages of drug development, including the choice of dosage and of excipients suitable for drug development and marketing, but also in terms of intellectual property protection and/or extension. This is because the physico-chemical properties, such as solubility, dissolution rate, thermal stability, processability, etc., of the solid API may depend, sometimes dramatically, on the crystal form, with important implications on the drug’s ultimate efficacy. This review will recount how the scientific community and the pharmaceutical industry learned from the catastrophic consequences of the appearance of new, more stable, and unsuspected crystal forms. The relevant aspects of hydrates, the most common pharmaceutical solid solvates, and of co-crystals, the association of two or more solid components in the same crystalline materials, will also be discussed. Examples will be provided of how to tackle multiple crystal forms with screening protocols and theoretical approaches, and ultimately how to turn into discovery and innovation the purposed preparation of new crystalline forms of an API.
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Charoenchaitrakool M, Roubroum T, Sudsakorn K. Processing of a novel mefenamic acid−paracetamol−nicotinamide cocrystal using gas anti-solvent process. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Chaturvedi S, Garg A. A comprehensive review on novel delivery approaches for exemestane. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Roy P, Pandey N, Kumari N, Baidya R, Mary YS, Mary YS, Ghosh A. Development of Sulfamethoxazole-Succinimide cocrystal by mechanochemical cocrystallization- an insight into spectroscopic, electronic, chemical conformation and physicochemical properties. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Hriňová E, Skořepová E, Čerňa I, Královičová J, Kozlík P, Křížek T, Roušarová J, Ryšánek P, Šíma M, Slanař O, Šoóš M. Explaining dissolution properties of rivaroxaban cocrystals. Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121854. [PMID: 35623488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to improve rivaroxaban water-solubility by cocrystal preparation and to understand this process. The screening with water-soluble coformers was performed via both mechanochemical and solution-mediated techniques. Two cocrystals of rivaroxaban with malonic acid and oxalic acid were prepared, and the structure of the cocrystal with oxalic acid was solved. Both cocrystals exhibit improved dissolution properties. The mechanism of the supersaturation maintenance was studied by in-situ Raman spectroscopy. The transformation into rivaroxaban dihydrate was identified as the critical step in the improved dissolution properties of both cocrystals. Moreover, the transformation kinetics and solubilization effects of the coformers were identified as responsible for the differences in the dissolution behavior of the cocrystals. In-vivo experiments proved that the use of cocrystal instead of form I of free API helped to increase the bioavailability ofrivaroxaban.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Hriňová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Czech Republic.
| | - Eliška Skořepová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Czech Republic; Department of Structure Analysis, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Čerňa
- Zentiva, k.s., U Kabelovny 130, 10237 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Královičová
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kozlík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Křížek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Roušarová
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Ryšánek
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šíma
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Slanař
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šoóš
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6 - Dejvice, Czech Republic
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10
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Huang Z, Staufenbiel S, Bodmeier R. Kinetic solubility improvement and influence of polymers on controlled supersaturation of itraconazole-succinic acid nano-co-crystals. Int J Pharm 2022; 616:121536. [PMID: 35124120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nano-co-crystals enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs. The objective of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the dissolution process of nano-co-crystals and of the precipitation inhibition by various polymers. Itraconazole-succinic acid (ITZ-SUC) nano-co-crystal was chosen as model drug formulation to investigate the supersaturation and precipitation inhibition capabilities of various polymers (HPMC E5, HPMC E50, HPMCAS, HPC-SSL, PVPK30 and PVPVA64). The kinetic concentration-time profiles of nano-co-crystal were measured under non-sink conditions with in situ UV-VIS spectroscopy. HPMC E5 performed best by achieving the greatest extended supersaturation/precipitation inhibition. The precipitation inhibition capacity of HPMC E5 was proportional to its concentration. The maximum achievable supersaturation was proportional to the dissolution rate which can be modulated by the rate of supersaturation generation (i.e., addition rate or dose). Supersaturation could be prolonged significantly resulting in 2-5-fold increased area under the dissolution curves compared to nano-co-crystals alone. This effect was limited by a critical excess of undissolved particles with high specific surface area which acted as crystallization seeds resulting in faster precipitation. The study highlighted that a faster dissolution rate and the use of precipitation inhibitors were two key factors determining the extent and time of supersaturation of nano-co-crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstr. 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Staufenbiel
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstr. 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Bodmeier
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstr. 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Shigemura M, Omori M, Sugano K. Polymeric precipitation inhibitor differently affects cocrystal surface and bulk solution phase transformations. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Yang X, Chen Y, Qiao N. Effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone and poly (ethylene glycol) on preparation of ibuprofen pharmaceutical cocrystal. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e18768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Yang
- North China University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yang Chen
- North China University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Ning Qiao
- North China University of Science and Technology, China; Tangshan Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, China
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Li L, Pang Z, Ma K, Gao Y, Zheng D, Wei Y, Zhang J, Qian S. Effect of Coformer Selection on In Vitro and In Vivo Performance of Adefovir Dipivoxil Cocrystals. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1777-1791. [PMID: 34729701 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to improve the in vitro dissolution, permeability and oral bioavailability of adefovir dipivoxil (ADD) by cocrystal technology and clarify the important role of coformer selection on the cocrystal's properties. METHODS ADD was cocrystallized with three small molecules (i.e., paracetamol (PA), saccharin (SAC) and nicotinamide (NIC)), respectively. The obtained ADD-PA cocrystal was characterized by DSC, TGA, PXRD and FTIR. Comparative study on dissolution rates among the three ADD cocrystals were conducted in water and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer. Besides, effects of coformers on intestinal permeability of ADD were evaluated via in vitro Caco-2 cell model and in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion model in rats. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacokinetic study of ADD cocrystals was also compared. RESULTS Dissolution rates of ADD cocrystals were improved with the order of ADD-SAC cocrystal > ADD-PA cocrystal > ADD-NIC cocrystal. The permeability studies on Caco-2 cell model and single-pass intestinal perfusion model indicated that PA could enhance intestinal absorption of ADD by P-gp inhibition, while SAC and NIC did not. Further in vivo pharmacokinetic study showed that ADD-SAC cocrystal exhibited higher Cmax (1.4-fold) and AUC0-t (1.3-fold) of ADD than administration of ADD alone, and Cmax and AUC0-t of ADD-PA cocrystal were significantly enhanced by 2.1-fold and 2.2-fold, respectively, which was attributed to its higher dissolution and improved intestinal permeability. CONCLUSION Coformer selection had an important role on cocrystal's properties, and cocrystallization of ADD with a suitable coformer was an effective approach to enhance both dissolution and bioavailability of ADD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyuan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Zunting Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
- Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyi Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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Kataoka M, Minami K, Takagi T, Amidon GE, Yamashita S. In Vitro-In Vivo Correlation in Cocrystal Dissolution: Consideration of Drug Release Profiles Based on Coformer Dissolution and Absorption Behavior. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4122-4130. [PMID: 34618448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the in vitro-in vivo correlation in cocrystal dissolution based on the coformer behavior. 4-Aminobenzoic acid (4ABA) was used as a coformer. Cocrystals of poorly water-soluble drugs with 4ABA, ketoconazole cocrystal (KTZ-4ABA), posaconazole cocrystal (PSZ-4ABA), and itraconazole cocrystal (ITZ-4ABA) were used. These three cocrystals generated supersaturated solutions in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF) in a small-scale, 8 mL dissolution vessel. The time profile of the dissolved amount of 4ABA, an indicator of cocrystal dissolution, was significantly different among the three cocrystals. Under the conditions utilized, half of the KTZ-4ABA cocrystal solid rapidly dissolved within 5 min and the dissolved amount (% of applied amount) of KTZ and 4ABA was the same. Then, even though the residual solid cocrystal gradually dissolved, KTZ precipitated with time. The PSZ-4ABA cocrystal dissolved in a linear fashion with time but the dissolved concentration of PSZ reached a plateau in the supersaturated state and was maintained for at least 2 h. The dissolution rate of ITZ-4ABA was very slow compared to those of the other cocrystals, but a similar tendency was observed between cocrystal dissolution and the dissolved amount of ITZ. The rank order of the cocrystal dissolution rate based on the conformer concentration was KTZ-4ABA > PSZ-4ABA > ITZ-4ABA. Furthermore, cocrystallization of the three drugs with 4ABA significantly enhanced the oral drug absorption in rats. The rank order of the in vivo cocrystal dissolution rate by a deconvolution analysis with the plasma concentration-time profile of 4ABA was KTZ-4ABA > PSZ-4ABA > ITZ-4ABA, which corresponded well with the in vitro dissolution profiles of the cocrystals. These results indicate that analysis of cocrystal dissolution based on the coformer behavior may be useful to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo cocrystal dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kataoka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.,College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 498109-1065, United States
| | - Keiko Minami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Toshihide Takagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Gregory E Amidon
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 498109-1065, United States
| | - Shinji Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
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15
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Alexandru T, Maria MO, Liviu Z, Maria D, Irina K, Gheorghe B. New solid forms of the diuretic compound 4-Chloro Salicylic Acid-5-Sulfonamide. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Fatima K, Bukhari NI, Latif S, Afzal H, Hussain A, Shamim R, Abbas N. Amelioration of physicochemical, pharmaceutical, and pharmacokinetic properties of lornoxicam by cocrystallization with a novel coformer. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:498-508. [PMID: 33646919 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1892744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed to prepare and characterize new cocrystals of lornoxicam (LORX), a BCS class II drug employing 1,3-dimethyl urea (DMU) as a coformer to improve physicochemical, pharmaceutical, and pharmacokinetic performance. METHODS A screening study was conducted by employing three techniques viz. neat grinding, liquid-assisted grinding (LAG), and solvent evaporation (SE) using different drug-coformer molar ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3). Samples were characterized by DSC, PXRD, ATR-FTIR, SEM, intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) studies, compressional studies, and pharmacokinetic studies. In vitro dissolution and stability studies (25 °C/60%RH and 40 °C/75%RH for three months) were carried out for cocrystal tablets. RESULTS LAG and SE were found successful in ratio 1:3 and IDR showed approximately 28- and 19-fold increase, respectively in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) and buffer (pH 7.4) as compared to pure LORX. The cocrystal exhibited good tabletability and was ∼2.5 times that of LORX at 6000 Psi. Dissolution profiles of tablets of cocrystal increased (56% and 100% at pH 1.2 and 7.4, respectively in contrast to those of physical mixture (PhyMix) (∼35% and ∼10%) and pure LORX (∼17% and ∼7%) within 60 min. The Cmax and AUC0-∞ for the selected cocrystal were significantly increased (p < 0.05) which was 2.4 and 2.5 times, respectively, that of LORX in a single dose oral pharmacokinetic study executed in rabbits. Tablets of cocrystal were found stable at both conditions. CONCLUSION The study indicates that cocrystallization with DMU can concomitantly improve tabletability, dissolution rate, and in vivo performance of dissolution limited drug LORX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Fatima
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Irfan Bukhari
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Latif
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Afzal
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hussain
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rahat Shamim
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Abbas
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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17
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Khan FM, Ahmad M, Idrees HA. Simvastatin-Nicotinamide Co-Crystals: Formation, Pharmaceutical Characterization and in vivo Profile. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4303-4313. [PMID: 33116417 PMCID: PMC7584516 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s270742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To enhance the solubility and dissolution profile of simvastatin (SIM) through co-crystallization with varying ratios of nicotinamide (NIC) using various co-methods. Materials and Methods Twelve SIM:NIC co-crystal formulations (F01–F12) were prepared using dry grinding, slurry, liquid-assisted grinding, and solvent-evaporation methods, and their properties compared. Optimized formulations were selected on the basis of dissolution profiles and solubility for in vivo studies. The angle of repose, Carr Index and Hausner ratio were calculated to evaluate flow properties. Differential light scattering (DLS) was used to estimate particle-size distribution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to evaluate surface morphology. Thermal analyses and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to determine the ranges of thermal stability and physical interaction of formulated co-crystals. X-ray powder diffraction (XPD) spectroscopy was used to determine the crystalline nature. Solubility and dissolution studies were undertaken to determine in vitro drug-release behaviors. Results Micromeritic analyses revealed the good flow properties of formulated co-crystals. DLS showed the particle size of co-crystals to be in the nanometer range. SEM revealed that the co-crystals were regular cubes. Thermal studies showed the stability of co-crystals at >300°C. FTIR spectroscopy revealed minor shifts of various peaks. XPD spectroscopy demonstrated co-crystal formation. The formulations exhibited an improved dissolution profile with marked improvements in solubility. In vivo studies showed a 2.4-fold increase in Cmax whereas total AUC(0–∞) was increased 4.75-fold as compared with that of SIM tablets. Conclusion Co-crystallization with NIC improved the solubility and dissolution profile and, hence, the bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble drug SIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Mehmood Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Arfat Idrees
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
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18
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Li L, Yin XH, Diao KS. Improving the Solubility and Bioavailability of Pemafibrate via a New Polymorph Form II. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26245-26252. [PMID: 33073151 PMCID: PMC7557989 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pemafibrate is a new generation of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs. However, its poor solubility in water (0.410 mg/mL at 25 °C) has limited its oral bioavailability. In this study, we aimed to improve the solubility and consequently the oral bioavailability of pemafibrate via a new polymorph. A new polymorph Form II was successfully obtained by controlling the crystallization temperature and characterized by multiple analysis methods. The thermodynamic properties of Form I and Form II are almost the same, the melting points of crystal Form I [differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) onset: 97.5 °C, melting entropy: -76 J/g] and crystal Form II (DSC onset: 96.6 °C, melting entropy: -80 J/g) are very close, and the crystallinity of both is very high. In pure water, Form II is about 1.9 times that of Form I in terms of the intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) and powder solubility. In medium, the IDR characterization was performed in a pH 6.8 buffer. The solubility of this Form II in 0.1 M HCl (pH 1.0) and phosphate buffers (pH 6.8) was investigated, and the results showed that the solubility of Form II was 2.1 and 2.0 times that of Form I, respectively. The crystal structure of Form II shows that the hydrophilic carboxyl groups of the compound are arranged outside the unit cell, which may be the reason for the increased solubility. We also studied the pharmacokinetics of beagle dogs. The mean AUC0-24h of Form II is about 2.6 times that of Form I, indicating that the solubility and bioavailability of pemafibrate can indeed be improved by forming the new polymorph Form II. It may become an ideal solid form of active pharmaceutically ingredient suitable for pharmaceutical preparations, and it can be further studied in the later period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Sichuan
Kelun Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xian-Hong Yin
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi
University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Kai-Sheng Diao
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi
University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
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19
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Omori M, Watanabe T, Uekusa T, Oki J, Inoue D, Sugano K. Effects of Coformer and Polymer on Particle Surface Solution-Mediated Phase Transformation of Cocrystals in Aqueous Media. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3825-3836. [PMID: 32870691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of the coformer difference on particle surface solution-mediated phase transformation (PS-SMPT) during cocrystal particle dissolution in aqueous media in the absence and presence of polymers. SMPT can occur either in the bulk phase or at the particle surface because drug molecules can be supersaturated at the dissolving cocrystal surface, as well as in the bulk phase. Previously, bulk phase SMPT has been primarily investigated in formulation development. However, little is known about the effects of coformers and polymers on PS-SMPT of cocrystals. In this study, six carbamazepine (CBZ) cocrystals were used as model cocrystals (malonic acid (MAL), succinic acid (SUC), glutaric acid (GLA), adipic acid (ADP), saccharin (SAC), and nicotinamide (NCT); nonsink dissolution tests were performed with or without a precipitation inhibitor (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)) at pH 6.5. The residual particles were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy (PLM), and scanning electron microscopy. Real-time PLM was used to directly observe rapid PS-SMPT. In the absence of HPMC, supersaturation was not observed in the bulk phase for all cocrystals. All cocrystals rapidly transformed to CBZ dihydrate aggregates via PS-SMPT (mostly within 1 min). In contrast, in the presence of 0.1% HPMC, supersaturation was observed for CBZ-SUC, CBZ-ADP, CBZ-SAC, and CBZ-NCT but not for CBZ-MAL and CBZ-GLA. The cocrystals with lower solubility coformers tended to induce higher supersaturation in the bulk phase. The PS-SMPT of CBZ-SUC, CBZ-ADP, and CBZ-SAC was slowed down by HPMC. By suppressing PS-SMPT, the cocrystals exhibited its supersaturation potential, depending on the properties of each coformer. To take advantage of the supersaturation potential of cocrystals to improve oral drug absorption, it is important to suppress particle surface SMPT in addition to bulk phase SMPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaya Omori
- Molecular Pharmaceutics Lab., College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Watanabe
- Molecular Pharmaceutics Lab., College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Taiga Uekusa
- Molecular Pharmaceutics Lab., College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Jumpei Oki
- Molecular Pharmaceutics Lab., College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Molecular Pharmaceutics Lab., College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Sugano
- Molecular Pharmaceutics Lab., College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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20
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Topić F, Friščić T. No regioselectivity for the steroid α-face in cocrystallization of exemestane with aromatic cocrystal formers based on phenanthrene and pyrene. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The anti-cancer steroidal drug exemestane presents significantly different behavior in cocrystallization with arenes compared with the previously explored steroid progesterone. Mechanochemical and solution-based cocrystallization of exemestane with hydroxy derivatives of phenanthrene and pyrene leads to the formation of cocrystals exhibiting clear O–H···O type arene-steroid hydrogen bonds. So far, exemestane and 1-hydroxypyrene have been observed to form only one type of cocrystal, with the 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of the two components. However, there are two stoichiometric variations of the cocrystal of 9-hydroxyphenanthrene and exemestane, with the arene:steroid stoichiometric ratio of either 1:1 or 1:2. Importantly, although cocrystallization of progesterone with the same arene cocrystal formers was previously reported to take place regioselectively through α···π contacts between the α-face of the steroid and the π-electron surface of the arene, the herein explored cocrystals of exemestane reveal α···π and β···π contacts, as well as sidewise interactions involving the arene π-system and different edges of the steroid molecule. The loss of regioselectivity for the steroid α-face in cocrystallization with the two monohydroxylated arenes is tentatively explained by the highly positive electrostatic surface potential of the steroid β-face and a diminished number of C–H groups on the α-face of exemestane compared with progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Topić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
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21
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Omori M, Uekusa T, Oki J, Inoue D, Sugano K. Solution-mediated phase transformation at particle surface during cocrystal dissolution. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Chen XF, Li P, Xu J, Wang HP, Ning LF. The crystal structure of 6-methyl-3,20-dioxo-19-norpregna-4,6-dien-17-yl acetate–2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (1/1), C 30H 36O 8. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2019-0758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C30H36O8, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 10.899(2) Å, b = 11.002(2) Å, c = 11.847(2) Å, V = 1310.3(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0504, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1161, T = 163(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao F. Chen
- National Research Institute for Family Planning , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Peng Li
- National Research Institute for Family Planning , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Juan Xu
- National Research Institute for Family Planning , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Hui P. Wang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Li F. Ning
- National Research Institute for Family Planning , Beijing 100081 , China
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23
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Raheem Thayyil A, Juturu T, Nayak S, Kamath S. Pharmaceutical Co-Crystallization: Regulatory Aspects, Design, Characterization, and Applications. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:203-212. [PMID: 32373488 PMCID: PMC7191238 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical co-crystals are novel class of pharmaceutical substances, which possess an apparent probability of advancement of polished physical properties offering stable and patentable solid forms. These multi-component crystalline forms influence pertinent physicochemical parameters like solubility, dissolution rate, chemical stability, physical stability, etc. which in turn result in the materials with superior properties to those of the free drug. Co-crystallization is a process by which the molecular interactions can be altered to optimize the drug properties. Co-crystals comprise a multicomponent system of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with a stoichiometric amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable coformer incorporated in the crystal lattice. By manufacturing pharmaceutical co-crystals, the physicochemical properties of a drug can be improved thus multicomponent crystalline materials have received renewed interest in the current scenario due to the easy administration in the pharmaceutical industry. There is an immense amount of literature available on co-crystals. However, there is a lack of an exhaustive review on a selection of coformers and regulations on co-crystals. The review has made an attempt to bridge this gap. The review also describes the methods used to prepare co-crystals with their characterization. Brief description on the pharmaceutical applications of co-crystals has also been incorporated here. Efforts are made to include reported works on co-crystals, which further help to understand the concept of co-crystals in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Raheem Thayyil
- Faculty of Industrial Pharmacy, Bapuji Pharmacy College, SS layout, Shamnur road, Davanagere-577004, Karnataka, India. Introduction
| | - Thimmasetty Juturu
- Faculty of Industrial Pharmacy, Bapuji Pharmacy College, SS layout, Shamnur road, Davanagere-577004, Karnataka, India. Introduction
| | - Shashank Nayak
- Faculty of Industrial Pharmacy, Bapuji Pharmacy College, SS layout, Shamnur road, Davanagere-577004, Karnataka, India. Introduction
| | - Shwetha Kamath
- Faculty of Industrial Pharmacy, Bapuji Pharmacy College, SS layout, Shamnur road, Davanagere-577004, Karnataka, India. Introduction
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24
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Fatima SS, Kumar R, Choudhary MI, Yousuf S. Crystal engineering of exemestane to obtain a co-crystal with enhanced urease inhibition activity. IUCRJ 2020; 7:105-112. [PMID: 31949910 PMCID: PMC6949591 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252519016142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Co-crystallization is a phenomenon widely employed to enhance the physio-chemical and biological properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Exemestane, or 6-methyl-ideneandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, is an anabolic steroid used as an irreversible steroidal aromatase inhibitor, which is in clinical use to treat breast cancer. The present study deals with the synthesis of co-crystals of exemestane with thio-urea by liquid-assisted grinding. The purity and homogeneity of the exemestane-thio-urea (1:1) co-crystal were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction followed by thermal stability analysis on the basis of differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Detailed geometric analysis of the co-crystal demonstrated that a 1:1 co-crystal stoichiometry is sustained by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding between the amine (NH2) groups of thio-urea and the carbonyl group of exemestane. The synthesized co-crystal exhibited potent urease inhibition activity in vitro (IC50 = 3.86 ± 0.31 µg ml-1) compared with the API (exemestane), which was found to be inactive, and the co-former (thio-urea) (IC50 = 21.0 ± 1.25 µg ml-1), which is also an established tested standard for urease inhibition assays in vitro. The promising results of the present study highlight the significance of co-crystallization as a crystal engineering tool to improve the efficacy of pharmaceutical ingredients. Furthermore, the role of various hydrogen bonds in the crystal stability is successfully analysed quantitatively using Hirshfeld surface analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Saima Fatima
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan
| | - M. Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sammer Yousuf
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Karachi, Sindh 75270, Pakistan
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25
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Li L, Yin XH, Diao KS. Improving the solubility and bioavailability of anti-hepatitis B drug PEC via PEC–fumaric acid cocrystal. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36125-36134. [PMID: 35517067 PMCID: PMC9056957 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06608g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A cocrystal of PEC with fumaric acid (FUA) (PEC–FUA, 1 : 1) was successfully obtained and characterized. The mean AUC0–24 h of the cocrystal is about 4.2 times that of free PEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Sichuan Kelun Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd
- Chengdu 610000
- China
| | - Xian-Hong Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University for Nationalities
- Nanning
- China
| | - Kai-Sheng Diao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University for Nationalities
- Nanning
- China
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26
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Urai S, Kudo S, Takiyama H. Development of Rebaudioside D Polymorphs with Improved Solubility. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.26.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Urai
- Product Development Center, Suntory Beverage & Food Ltd
| | - Shoji Kudo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT)
| | - Hiroshi Takiyama
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT)
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27
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Dissolution Advantage of Nitazoxanide Cocrystals in the Presence of Cellulosic Polymers. Pharmaceutics 2019; 12:pharmaceutics12010023. [PMID: 31881696 PMCID: PMC7022799 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and methylcellulose (Methocel® 60 HG) on the dissolution behavior of two cocrystals derived from nitazoxanide (NTZ), viz., nitazoxanide-glutaric acid (NTZ-GLU, 1:1) and nitazoxanide-succinic acid (NTZ-SUC, 2:1), was explored. Powder dissolution experiments under non-sink conditions showed similar dissolution profiles for the cocrystals and pure NTZ. However, pre-dissolved cellulosic polymer in the phosphate dissolution medium (pH 7.5) modified the dissolution profile of NTZ when starting from the cocrystals, achieving transient drug supersaturation. Subsequent dissolution studies under sink conditions of polymer-based pharmaceutical powder formulations with NTZ-SUC cocrystals gave a significant improvement of the apparent solubility of NTZ when compared with analogous formulations of pure NTZ and the physical mixture of NTZ and SUC. Scanning electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction analysis of samples recovered after the powder dissolution studies showed that the cocrystals undergo fast dissolution, drug supersaturation and precipitation both in the absence and presence of polymer, suggesting that the solubilization enhancement is due to polymer-induced delay of nucleation and crystal growth of the less soluble NTZ form. The study demonstrates that the incorporation of an appropriate excipient in adequate concentration can be a key factor for inducing and maintaining the solubilization of poorly soluble drugs starting from co-crystallized solid forms. In such a way, cocrystals can be suitable for the development of solid dosage forms with improved bioavailability and efficacy in the treatment of important parasitic and viral diseases, among others.
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28
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Teraoka R, Fukami T, Furuishi T, Nagase H, Ueda H, Tode C, Yutani R, Kitagawa S, Sakane T. Improving the Solid-State Photostability of Furosemide by Its Cocrystal Formation. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:940-944. [PMID: 31474733 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Teraoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Himeji Dokkyo University
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Toshiro Fukami
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Meij Pharmaceutical University
| | | | - Hiromasa Nagase
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Haruhisa Ueda
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University
| | - Chisato Tode
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Reiko Yutani
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | | | - Toshiyasu Sakane
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
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29
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Panzade P, Shendarkar G. Superior Solubility and Dissolution of Zaltoprofen via Pharmaceutical Cocrystals. Turk J Pharm Sci 2019; 16:310-316. [PMID: 32454729 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.15013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Pharmaceutical cocrystals are a promising tool to enhance the solubility and dissolution of poorly soluble drugs. Zaltoprofen (ZFN) is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a prevalent solubility problem. The present study was undertaken to enhance the solubility and dissolution of ZFN through pharmaceutical cocrystals by screening various coformers. Materials and Methods Cocrystals of ZFN were prepared in 1:1 and 1:2 ratio of drug:coformer by the dry grinding method. The melting point and solubility of the crystalline phase were determined. The potential cocrystals were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Cocrystals were subjected to dissolution rate and stability study. Results ZFN-nicotinamide (NIC) cocrystals demonstrated deviation in melting point and solubility. The cocrystals were obtained in both 1:1 and 1:2 ratios with NIC. The infrared analysis noticeably indicated the shifting of characteristic bands of ZFN. The crystallinity of the cocrystals was evident from the XRPD pattern and notable difference in the 2θ values of intense peaks. The DSC spectra of the cocrystals exhibited altered endotherms analogous to melting point. The cocrystals showed a faster dissolution rate and a 55% increase in the extent of dissolution compared to pure drug. The cocrystals were stable at room temperature and accelerated conditions. Conclusion The prepared cocrystals exhibited greater solubility and dissolution compared to the pure drug and were stable at room temperature and accelerated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Panzade
- Center for Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanded Pharmacy College, Opp. Kasturba Matruseva Kendra, Sham Nagar, Nanded, India
| | - Giridhar Shendarkar
- Center for Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanded Pharmacy College, Opp. Kasturba Matruseva Kendra, Sham Nagar, Nanded, India
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30
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Nishimaru M, Kudo S, Takiyama H. Effect of Two Kinds of Supersaturation on Crystal Qualities during Cocrystallization. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.18we281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Nishimaru
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT)
| | - Shoji Kudo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT)
| | - Hiroshi Takiyama
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT)
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31
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Essa EA, Elbasuony AR, Abdelaziz AE, El Maghraby GM. Co-crystallization for enhanced dissolution rate of bicalutamide: preparation and evaluation of rapidly disintegrating tablets. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1215-1223. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1571504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aya R. Elbasuony
- College of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Paul S, Wang C, Wang K, Sun CC. Reduced Punch Sticking Propensity of Acesulfame by Salt Formation: Role of Crystal Mechanical Property and Surface Chemistry. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2700-2707. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhajit Paul
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-127B Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-127B Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kunlin Wang
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-127B Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-127B Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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The effects of pH, surfactant, ion concentration, coformer, and molecular arrangement on the solubility behavior of myricetin cocrystals. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:59-73. [PMID: 30766778 PMCID: PMC6361854 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical cocrystals are a promising technology that can be used to improve the solubility of poor aqueous compounds. The objective of this study was to systematically investigate the solubility of myricetin (MYR) cocrystals, including their kinetic solubility, thermodynamic solubility, and intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR). The effects of pH, surfactant, ion concentration, and coformers on the cocrystal solubility were evaluated. Furthermore, single crystal structures of MYR, myricetin–isonicotinamide (MYR–INM) and myricetin–caffeine (MYR–CAF) cocrystals were analyzed to discuss the possible reasons for the enhancement of cocrystal solubility from the perspective of the spatial structure. The results indicated that the kinetic solubility of MYR cocrystals was modulated by pH and cocrystal coformer (CCF) ionization in buffer solution, while it primarily depended on the CCF solubility in pure water. In addition, the solubility of MYR cocrystals was increased in a concentration dependent fashion by the surfactant or ion concentration. The thermodynamic solubility of MYR–INM (1:3) cocrystals decreased with the increases of the pH value of the dissolution media. The IDR of MYR cocrystals was faster than that of MYR in the same medium and extremely fast in pH 4.5 buffer. The improved solubility of MYR cocrystals was probably related to the alternate arrangements of MYR and INM/CAF molecules and increased intermolecular distance. The present study provides some references to investigate the solubility behavior of pharmaceutical cocrystals.
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Key Words
- API, active pharmaceutical ingredient
- CAF, caffeine
- CCF, cocrystal coformer
- CCF, coformer
- CSC, critical stabilization concentration
- Cocrystal solubility
- Coformer
- Crystal structure
- Ctr, transition concentration
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- IDR, intrinsic dissolution rate
- INM, isonicotinamide
- Ksp, solubility product
- MYR, myricetin
- MYR–CAF, myricetin–caffeine
- MYR–INM, myricetin–isonicotinamide
- Myricetin
- NIC, nicotinamide
- PRO, proline
- PXRD, powder X-ray diffraction
- pH
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Kundu S, Kumari N, Soni SR, Ranjan S, Kumar R, Sharon A, Ghosh A. Enhanced Solubility of Telmisartan Phthalic Acid Cocrystals within the pH Range of a Systemic Absorption Site. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15380-15388. [PMID: 31458196 PMCID: PMC6644309 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Telmisartan (TLM), a nonpeptide angiotensin II antagonist, is widely prescribed for treating arterial hypertension and marketed by the innovator with the trade name of Micardis and Micardis plus. Telmisartan exhibits low aqueous solubility in the pH range of 3-7, which is the physiological pH. For addressing the issue of poor solubility of TLM, its commercial form makes use of inorganic alkalinizers. The present work illustrates the attempt to improve the solubility of telmisartan via a crystal engineering approach. A novel solid form of telmisartan with phthalic acid was obtained through the solution crystallization method (TPS) and the reaction crystallization method (TPR). Both the forms (TPS and TPR) were thoroughly characterized by powder diffraction X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and 1H NMR and were identified to be two different crystalline forms. Solubility studies of TPS and TPR were conducted at varying pH of phosphate buffer, and they exhibited 11-fold and 22-fold increased solubility, respectively, when compared to that of the pure drug at pH 5, which is within the pH of small intestine at which telmisartan is best absorbed orally from the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Kundu
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology and Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Nimmy Kumari
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology and Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Saundray Raj Soni
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology and Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Subham Ranjan
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur 741252, India
| | - Rajan Kumar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology and Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Ashoke Sharon
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology and Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
- E-mail: . Phone: +91-651-2276531. Fax: +91-651-2275401 (A.S.)
| | - Animesh Ghosh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology and Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
- E-mail: , . Phone: +91-651-2276247. Fax: +91-651-2275290 (A.G.)
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Jasani MS, Kale DP, Singh IP, Bansal AK. Influence of Drug–Polymer Interactions on Dissolution of Thermodynamically Highly Unstable Cocrystal. Mol Pharm 2018; 16:151-164. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Milankumar S. Jasani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and ‡Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab-160 062, India
| | - Dnyaneshwar P. Kale
- Department of Pharmaceutics and ‡Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab-160 062, India
| | | | - Arvind K. Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and ‡Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab-160 062, India
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Reggane M, Wiest J, Saedtler M, Harlacher C, Gutmann M, Zottnick SH, Piechon P, Dix I, Müller-Buschbaum K, Holzgrabe U, Meinel L, Galli B. Bioinspired co-crystals of Imatinib providing enhanced kinetic solubility. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 128:290-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Din FU, Saleem S, Aleem F, Ahmed R, Huda NU, Ahmed S, Khaleeq N, Shah KU, Ullah I, Zeb A, Aman W. Advanced colloidal technologies for the enhanced bioavailability of drugs. COGENT MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2018.1480572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fakhar ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Saleem
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Aleem
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rida Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Noor ul Huda
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadra Khaleeq
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Izhar Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Poonch Rawlakot AJK, Rawlakot, Pakistan
| | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Aman
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
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Practical guidelines for the characterization and quality control of pure drug nanoparticles and nano-cocrystals in the pharmaceutical industry. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 131:101-115. [PMID: 29920294 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The number of poorly soluble drug candidates is increasing, and this is also seen in the research interest towards drug nanoparticles and (nano-)cocrystals; improved solubility is the most important application of these nanosystems. In order to confirm the functionality of these nanoparticles throughout their lifecycle, repeatability of the formulation processes, functional performance of the formed systems in pre-determined way and system stability, a thorough physicochemical understanding with the aid of necessary analytical techniques is needed. Even very minor deviations in for example particle size or size deviation in nanoscale can alter the product bioavailability, and the effect is even more dramatic with the smallest particle size fractions. Also, small particle size sets special requirements for the analytical techniques. In this review most important physicochemical properties of drug nanocrystals and nano-cocrystals are presented, suitable analytical techniques, their pros and cons, are described with the extra input on practical point of view.
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Emami S, Adibkia K, Barzegar-Jalali M, Siahi-Shadbad M. Piroxicam cocrystals with phenolic coformers: preparation, characterization, and dissolution properties. Pharm Dev Technol 2018; 24:199-210. [PMID: 29557714 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1455210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the preparation and investigation of dissolution properties of piroxicam cocrystals. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the capability of resorcinol (RES), methylparaben (MPB), and vanillin (VAN) to form cocrystals with piroxicam (PRX). Generation of cocrystals was attempted by liquid assisted grinding and slurry methods. Cocrystals were characterized by thermal methods, powder X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Apparent solubility, intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR), and powder dissolution profile of cocrystals were compared with anhydrous piroxicam, piroxicam monohydrate (PRXMH), and previously reported piroxicam-succinic acid cocrystal. Contact angles and particle sizes of the studied solids were also measured. Based on the DSC screening results, we prepared and characterized PRX-RES and PRX-MPB cocrystals. Interestingly, the cocrystals not only failed to improve apparent solubility and IDR of PRX but also showed lower values than PRX that were attributed to induction of phase transformation of PRX to PRXMH. In contrary, cocrystals performed better than PRX in powder dissolution studies. The higher dissolution rates of cocrystals were explained by improved wettability and reduced sizes. This study has highlighted the complexity of solid state properties of cocrystals and has provided new evidence for the in-solution stability issues of cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Emami
- a Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Khosro Adibkia
- c Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Faculty of Pharmacy , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali
- d Biotechnology Research Center, and Faculty of Pharmacy , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Siahi-Shadbad
- e Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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Latif S, Abbas N, Hussain A, Arshad MS, Bukhari NI, Afzal H, Riffat S, Ahmad Z. Development of paracetamol-caffeine co-crystals to improve compressional, formulation and in vivo performance. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:1099-1108. [PMID: 29385849 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1435687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol, a frequently used antipyretic and analgesic drug, has poor compression moldability owing to its low plasticity. In this study, new co-crystals of paracetamol (PCM) with caffeine (as a co-former) were prepared and delineated. Co-crystals exhibited improved compaction and mechanical behavior. A screening study was performed by utilizing a number of methods namely dry grinding, liquid assisted grinding (LAG), solvent evaporation (SE), and anti-solvent addition using various weight ratios of starting materials. LAG and SE were found successful in the screening study. Powders at 1:1 and 2:1 weight ratio of PCM/CAF by LAG and SE, respectively, resulted in the formation of co-crystals. Samples were characterized by PXRD, DSC, and ATR-FTIR techniques. Compressional properties of PCM and developed co-crystals were analyzed by in-die heckle model. Mean yield pressure (Py), an inverse measure of plasticity, obtained from the heckle plots decreased significantly (p < .05) for co-crystals than pure drug. Intrinsic dissolution profile of co-crystals showed up to 2.84-fold faster dissolution than PCM and physical mixtures in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 at 37 °C. In addition, co-crystals formulated into tablets by direct compression method showed better mechanical properties like hardness and tensile strength. In vitro dissolution studies on tablets also showed enhanced dissolution profiles (∼90-97%) in comparison to the tablets of PCM prepared by direct compression (∼55%) and wet granulation (∼85%) methods. In a single dose sheep model study, co-crystals showed up to twofold increase in AUC and Cmax. A significant (p < .05) decrease in clearance as compared to pure drug was also recorded. In conclusion, new co-crystals of PCM were successfully prepared with improved tabletability in vitro and in vivo profile. Enhancement in AUC and Cmax of PCM by co-crystallization might suggest the dose reduction and avoidance of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Latif
- a University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Nasir Abbas
- a University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hussain
- a University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | | | | | - Hafsa Afzal
- a University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Sualeha Riffat
- c University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- d Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University , Leicester , UK
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41
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Liu C, Liu Z, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chen H, Pui Y, Qian F. Oral bioavailability enhancement of β-lapachone, a poorly soluble fast crystallizer, by cocrystal, amorphous solid dispersion, and crystalline solid dispersion. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 124:73-81. [PMID: 29305142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to compare the in vitro dissolution and in vivo bioavailability of three solubility enhancement technologies for β-lapachone (LPC), a poorly water soluble compound with extremely high crystallization propensity. LPC cocrystal was prepared by co-grinding LPC with resorcinol. LPC crystalline and amorphous solid dispersions (CSD and ASD) were obtained by spray drying with Poloxamer 188 and HPMC-AS, respectively. The cocrystal structure was solved by single crystal x-ray diffraction. All formulations were characterized by WAXRD, DSC, POM and SEM. USP II and intrinsic dissolution studies were used to compare the in vitro dissolution of these formulations, and a crossover dog pharmacokinetic study was used to compare their in vivo bioavailability. An 1:1 LPC-resorcinol cocrystal with higher solubility and faster dissolution rate was obtained, yet it converted to LPC crystal rapidly in solution. LPC/HPMC-AS ASD was confirmed to be amorphous and uniform, while the crystal and crystallite sizes of LPC in CSD were found to be ∼1-3 μm and around 40 nm, respectively. These formulations performed similarly during USP II dissolution, while demonstrated dramatically different oral bioavailability of ∼32%, ∼5%, and ∼1% in dogs, for CSD, co-crystal, and ASD, respectively. CSD showed the fastest intrinsic dissolution rate among the three. The three formulations showed poor IVIVC which could be due to rapid and unpredictable crystallization kinetics. Considering all the reasons, we conclude that for molecules with extremely high crystallization tendency that cannot be inhibited by any pharmaceutical excipients, size-reduction technologies such as CSD could be advantageous for oral bioavailability enhancement in vivo than technologies only generating transient but not sustained supersaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Zhengsheng Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yuejie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Huijun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yipshu Pui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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42
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Letchmanan K, Shen SC, Ng WK, Tan RB. Application of transglycosylated stevia and hesperidin as drug carriers to enhance biopharmaceutical properties of poorly-soluble artemisinin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 161:83-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Panzade P, Shendarkar G, Shaikh S, Balmukund Rathi P. Pharmaceutical Cocrystal of Piroxicam: Design, Formulation and Evaluation. Adv Pharm Bull 2017; 7:399-408. [PMID: 29071222 PMCID: PMC5651061 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2017.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Cocrystallisation of drug with coformers is a promising approach to alter the solid sate properties of drug substances like solubility and dissolution. The objective of the present work was to prepare, formulate and evaluate the piroxicam cocrystal by screening various coformers. Methods: Cocrystals of piroxicam were prepared by dry grinding method. The melting point and solubility of crystalline phase was determined. The potential cocrystal was characterized by DSC, IR, XRPD. Other pharmaceutical properties like solubility and dissolution rate were also evaluated. Orodispersible tablets of piroxicam cocrystal were formulated, optimized and evaluated using 32 factorial design. Results: Cocrystals of piroxicam-sodium acetate revealed the variation in melting points and solubility. The cocrystals were obtained in 1:1 ratio with sodium acetate. The analysis of Infrared explicitly indicated the shifting of characteristic bands of piroxicam. The X-Ray Powder Diffraction pattern denoted the crystallinity of cocrystals and noteworthy difference in 2θ value of intense peaks. Differential scanning calorimetry spectra of cocrystals indicated altered endotherms corresponding to melting point. The pH solubility profile of piroxicam showed sigmoidal curve, which authenticated the pKa-dependent solubility. Piroxicam cocrystals also exhibited a similar pH-solubility profile. The cocrystals exhibited faster dissolution rate owing to cocrystallization as evident from 30% increase in the extent of dissolution. The orodispersible tablets of piroxicam cocrystals were successfully prepared by direct compression method using crosscarmelose sodium as superdisintegrant with improved disintegration time (30 sec) and dissolution rate. Conclusion: The piroxicam cocrystal with modified properties was prepared with sodium acetate and formulated as orodispersible tablets having faster disintegration and greater dissolution rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Panzade
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Nanded Pharmacy College, Opp. Kasturba Matruseva Kendra, Shyam Nagar, Nanded, India
| | - Giridhar Shendarkar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Nanded Pharmacy College, Opp. Kasturba Matruseva Kendra, Shyam Nagar, Nanded, India
| | - Sarfaraj Shaikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shri Bhagwan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Y. S. khedkar Marg, CIDCO, Aurangabad, India
| | - Pavan Balmukund Rathi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shri Bhagwan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Y. S. khedkar Marg, CIDCO, Aurangabad, India
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Fukami T. Current status and promising future of pharmaceutical cocrystals in development of oral dosage forms. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2017; 150:36-40. [PMID: 28690273 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.150.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cysewski P, Przybyłek M. Selection of effective cocrystals former for dissolution rate improvement of active pharmaceutical ingredients based on lipoaffinity index. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:87-96. [PMID: 28687528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
New theoretical screening procedure was proposed for appropriate selection of potential cocrystal formers possessing the ability of enhancing dissolution rates of drugs. The procedure relies on the training set comprising 102 positive and 17 negative cases of cocrystals found in the literature. Despite the fact that the only available data were of qualitative character, performed statistical analysis using binary classification allowed to formulate quantitative criterions. Among considered 3679 molecular descriptors the relative value of lipoaffinity index, expressed as the difference between values calculated for active compound and excipient, has been found as the most appropriate measure suited for discrimination of positive and negative cases. Assuming 5% precision, the applied classification criterion led to inclusion of 70% positive cases in the final prediction. Since lipoaffinity index is a molecular descriptor computed using only 2D information about a chemical structure, its estimation is straightforward and computationally inexpensive. The inclusion of an additional criterion quantifying the cocrystallization probability leads to the following conjunction criterions Hmix<-0.18 and ΔLA>3.61, allowing for identification of dissolution rate enhancers. The screening procedure was applied for finding the most promising coformers of such drugs as Iloperidone, Ritonavir, Carbamazepine and Enthenzamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Cysewski
- Chair and Department of Physical Chemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, Collegium Medicum of Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-950 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Maciej Przybyłek
- Chair and Department of Physical Chemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, Collegium Medicum of Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-950 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Kinoshita R, Ohta T, Shiraki K, Higashi K, Moribe K. Effects of wet-granulation process parameters on the dissolution and physical stability of a solid dispersion. Int J Pharm 2017; 524:304-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Miyake M, Koga T, Kondo S, Yoda N, Emoto C, Mukai T, Toguchi H. Prediction of drug intestinal absorption in human using the Ussing chamber system: A comparison of intestinal tissues from animals and humans. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 96:373-380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Shemchuk O, Braga D, Maini L, Grepioni F. Anhydrous ionic co-crystals of cyanuric acid with LiCl and NaCl. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00037e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Putra OD, Umeda D, Nugraha YP, Furuishi T, Nagase H, Fukuzawa K, Uekusa H, Yonemochi E. Solubility improvement of epalrestat by layered structure formation via cocrystallization. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00284j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ganduri R, Cherukuvada S, Sarkar S, Guru Row TN. Manifestation of cocrystals and eutectics among structurally related molecules: towards understanding the factors that control their formation. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce02003h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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