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Yang Z, Song Z, Wu Z, Mao HK, Zhang L. Iron silicate perovskite and postperovskite in the deep lower mantle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401281121. [PMID: 38621121 PMCID: PMC11046576 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401281121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferromagnesian silicates are the dominant constituents of the Earth's mantle, which comprise more than 80% of our planet by volume. To interpret the low shear-velocity anomalies in the lower mantle, we need to construct a reliable transformation diagram of ferromagnesian silicates over a wide pressure-temperature (P-T) range. While MgSiO3 in the perovskite structure has been extensively studied due to its dominance on Earth, phase transformations of iron silicates under the lower mantle conditions remain unresolved. In this study, we have obtained an iron silicate phase in the perovskite (Pv) structure using synthetic fayalite (Fe2SiO4) as the starting material under P-T conditions of the lower mantle. Chemical analyses revealed an unexpectedly high Fe/Si ratio of 1.72(3) for the Pv phase in coexistence with metallic iron particles, indicating incorporation of about 25 mol% Fe2O3 in the Pv phase with an approximate chemical formula (Fe2+0.75Fe3+0.25)(Fe3+0.25Si0.75)O3. We further obtained an iron silicate phase in the postperovskite (PPv) structure above 95 GPa. The calculated curves of compressional (VP) and shear velocity (VS) of iron silicate Pv and PPv as a function of pressure are nearly parallel to those of MgSiO3, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the iron silicate Pv and PPv are the densest phases among all the reported silicates stable at P-T conditions of the lower mantle. The high ferric iron content in the silicate phase and the spin-crossover of ferric iron at the Si-site above ~55 GPa should be taken into account in order to interpret the seismic observations. Our results would provide crucial information for constraining the geophysical and geochemical models of the lower mantle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Zijun Song
- Laboratory of Seismology and Physics of Earth’s Interior, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
| | - Zhongqing Wu
- Laboratory of Seismology and Physics of Earth’s Interior, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui233500, China
- National Geophysical Observatory at Mengcheng, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui233500, China
| | - Ho-kwang Mao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai201203, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory MFree, Institute for Shanghai Advanced Research in Physical Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai201203, China
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2
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Maich AA, Gronsky R, Komvopoulos K. Microstructure Evolution and Fretting Wear Mechanisms of Steels Undergoing Oscillatory Sliding Contact in Dry Atmosphere. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1737. [PMID: 38673095 PMCID: PMC11051016 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Variations in the microstructure and the dominant fretting wear mechanisms of carbon steel alloy in oscillatory sliding contact against stainless steel in a dry atmosphere were evaluated by various mechanical testing and microanalytical methods. These included scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry with corresponding elemental maps of the wear tracks, in conjunction with cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy of samples prepared by focused ion beam machining to assess subsurface and through-thickness changes in microstructure, all as a function of applied load and sliding time. Heavily dislocated layered microstructures were observed below the wear tracks to vary with both the load and sliding time. During the accumulation of fretting cycles, the subsurface microstructure evolved into stable dislocation cells with cell walls aligned parallel to the surface and the sliding direction. The thickness of the damaged subsurface region increased with the load, consistent with the depth distribution of the maximum shear stress. The primary surface oxide evolved as Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 with increasing sliding time, leading to the formation of a uniform oxide scale at the sliding surface. It is possible that the development of the dislocation cell structure in the subsurface also enhanced oxidation by pipe diffusion along dislocation cores. The results of this study reveal complex phase changes affecting the wear resistance of steels undergoing fretting wear, which involve a synergy between oxidative wear, crack initiation, and crack growth along dislocation cell walls due to the high strains accumulating under high loads and/or prolonged surface sliding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A. Maich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ronald Gronsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kyriakos Komvopoulos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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3
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Jang S, Gun Oh D, Kim H, Hyun Kim K, Khivantsev K, Kovarik L, Hun Kwak J. Controlling the Phase Transformation of Alumina for Enhanced Stability and Catalytic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400270. [PMID: 38302694 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Current transition alumina catalysts require the presence of significant amounts of toxic, environmentally deleterious dopants for their stabilization. Herein, we report a simple and novel strategy to engineer transition aluminas to withstand aging temperatures up to 1200 °C without inducing the transformation to low-surface-area α-Al2O3 and without requiring dopants. By judiciously optimizing the abundance of dominant facets and the interparticle distance, we can control the temperature of the phase transformation from θ-Al2O3 to α-Al2O3 and the specific surface sites on the latter. These specific surface sites provide favorable interactions with supported metal catalysts, leading to improved metal dispersion and greatly enhanced catalytic activity for hydrocarbon oxidation. The results presented herein not only provide molecular-level insights into the critical factors causing deactivation and phase transformation of aluminas but also pave the way for the development of catalysts with improved activity for catalytic hydrocarbon oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejin Jang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gun Oh
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneul Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Konstantin Khivantsev
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Libor Kovarik
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Ja Hun Kwak
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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4
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Hulbert BS, Brodecki JE, Kriven WM. Crystal structure solution and high-temperature thermal expansion in NaZr 2(PO 4) 3-type materials. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater 2024; 80:146-159. [PMID: 38513267 PMCID: PMC10994170 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520624001598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The NaZr2P3O12 family of materials have shown low and tailorable thermal expansion properties. In this study, SrZr4P6O24 (SrO·4ZrO2·3P2O5), CaZr4P6O24 (CaO·4ZrO2·3P2O5), MgZr4P6O24 (MgO·4ZrO2·3P2O5), NaTi2P3O12 [½(Na2O·4TiO2·3P2O5)], NaZr2P3O12 [½(Na2O·4ZrO2·3P2O5)], and related solid solutions were synthesized using the organic-inorganic steric entrapment method. The samples were characterized by in-situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction from 25 to 1500°C at the Advanced Photon Source and National Synchrotron Light Source II. The average linear thermal expansion of SrZr4P6O24 and CaZr4P6O24 was between -1 × 10-6 per °C and 6 × 10-6 per °C from 25 to 1500°C. The crystal structures of the high-temperature polymorphs of CaZr4P6O24 and SrZr4P6O24 with R3c symmetry were solved by Fourier difference mapping and Rietveld refinement. This polymorph is present above ∼1250°C. This work measured thermal expansion coefficients to 1500°C for all samples and investigated the differences in thermal expansion mechanisms between polymorphs and between compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S. Hulbert
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green St, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Julia E. Brodecki
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green St, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Waltraud M. Kriven
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green St, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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5
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Kobayashi S, Okano S. The effects of oxygen addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-Mo alloys for biomedical application. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1380503. [PMID: 38605992 PMCID: PMC11007177 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1380503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The effective use of oxygen as an alloying element in Ti alloys is attractive due to the reduction of production cost and the increase in strength and hardness of the alloy. Although the oxygen addition in a Ti alloy increases strength and hardness, it may induce brittleness. An appropriate combination of alloying elements and thermomechanical treatment must be clarified for the use of oxygen as an alloying element. Ti-(0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0)Mo-(0, 1.5, 3.0)O alloys were developed, and their microstructure and mechanical properties were examined. Ti-1Mo-3O alloy exhibited fine grains of α+β two phases having the tensile strength of 1,297 MPa with 15.5% for total strain at fracture. The Ti-1Mo-3O alloy has 1.5 times the tensile strength and the same total strain as the Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy. Ti-(1.0, 2.0, 3.0)Mo-1.5O alloys also have excellent mechanical properties, with tensile strength of about 1,050-1,150 MPa and a total strain of about 20%-25%. In order to develop a high strength and moderate ductility Ti-Mo alloy using oxygen as an alloying element, the microstructure should have fine grains of α+β two phases with proper volume fraction of α and β phases and specific molybdenum concentration in β phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sengo Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
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6
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Chu S, Zhang F, Chen D, Chen M, Liu P. Atomic-Scale In Situ Observations of Reversible Phase Transformation Assisted Twinning in a CrCoNi Medium-Entropy Alloy. Nano Lett 2024; 24:3624-3630. [PMID: 38421603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Twinning is an important deformation mode of face-centered-cubic (FCC) medium- and high-entropy alloys, especially under extreme loading conditions. However, the twinning mechanism in these alloys that have a low or even negative stacking fault energy remains debated. Here, we report atomic-scale in situ observations of the deformation process of a prototypical CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy under tension. We found that the parent FCC phase first transforms into a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) phase through Shockley partial dislocations slipping on the alternate {111} planes. Subsequently, the HCP phase rapidly changes to an FCC twin band. Such reversible phase transformation assisted twinning is greatly promoted by external tensile loads, as elucidated by geometric phase analysis. These results indicate the previously underestimated role of the metastable HCP phase in nanotwin nucleation and early plastic deformations of CrCoNi alloys and shed light on microstructure regulation of medium-entropy alloys with enhanced mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Chu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University - JA Solar New Energy Materials Joint Research Center, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dengke Chen
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21218, Maryland, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University - JA Solar New Energy Materials Joint Research Center, Shanghai 200240, China
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7
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Sun X, Wu D, Saidi WA, Zhu W, Yang WCD, House SD, Li M, Sharma R, Yang JC, Zhou G. Atomic Dynamics of Multi-Interfacial Migration and Transformations. Small 2024; 20:e2305746. [PMID: 37941496 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Redox-induced interconversions of metal oxidation states typically result in multiple phase boundaries that separate chemically and structurally distinct oxides and suboxides. Directly probing such multi-interfacial reactions is challenging because of the difficulty in simultaneously resolving the multiple reaction fronts at the atomic scale. Using the example of CuO reduction in H2 gas, a reaction pathway of CuO → monoclinic m-Cu4 O3 → Cu2 O is demonstrated and identifies interfacial reaction fronts at the atomic scale, where the Cu2 O/m-Cu4 O3 interface shows a diffuse-type interfacial transformation; while the lateral flow of interfacial ledges appears to control the m-Cu4 O3 /CuO transformation. Together with atomistic modeling, it is shown that such a multi-interface transformation results from the surface-reaction-induced formation of oxygen vacancies that diffuse into deeper atomic layers, thereby resulting in the formation of the lower oxides of Cu2 O and m-Cu4 O3 , and activate the interfacial transformations. These results demonstrate the lively dynamics at the reaction fronts of the multiple interfaces and have substantial implications for controlling the microstructure and interphase boundaries by coupling the interplay between the surface reaction dynamics and the resulting mass transport and phase evolution in the subsurface and bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhu Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Dongxiang Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Wissam A Saidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15216, USA
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Wei-Chang D Yang
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Stephen D House
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Renu Sharma
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Judith C Yang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Guangwen Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
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8
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Liu J, Song L, He Z, Wang S, Zhang W, Yang H, Li F, Li S, Wang J, Xiao H, Xu D, Liu Y, Wu Y, Wang JQ, Shui X, Hu YC, Shang J, Li RW. Size Dependent Phase Transformation of Liquid Gallium. Small 2024; 20:e2305798. [PMID: 37849041 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
As the most popular liquid metal (LM), gallium (Ga) and its alloys are emerging as functional materials due to their unique combination of fluidic and metallic properties near room temperature. As an important branch of utilizing LMs, micro- and submicron-particles of Ga-based LM are widely employed in wearable electronics, catalysis, energy, and biomedicine. Meanwhile, the phase transition is crucial not only for the applications based on this reversible transformation process, but also for the solidification temperature at which fluid properties are lost. While Ga has several solid phases and exhibits unusual size-dependent phase behavior. This complex process makes the phase transition and undercooling of Ga uncontrollable, which considerably affects the application performance. In this work, extensive (nano-)calorimetry experiments are performed to investigate the polymorph selection mechanism during liquid Ga crystallization. It is surprisingly found that the crystallization temperature and crystallization pathway to either α -Ga or β -Ga can be effectively engineered by thermal treatment and droplet size. The polymorph selection process is suggested to be highly relevant to the capability of forming covalent bonds in the equilibrium supercooled liquid. The observation of two different crystallization pathways depending on the annealing temperature may indicate that there exist two different liquid phases in Ga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Zidong He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shengding Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Wuxu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Huali Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Fali Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Shengbin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Huiyun Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Qiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Shui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Chao Hu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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9
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Han Y. Multiphysics Study of Thermal Profiles and Residual Stress in Welding. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:886. [PMID: 38399137 PMCID: PMC10890204 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
One of the effects of welding is residual stress. Welding involves complex tests concerning differences in values of the mechanical parameters of its regions as an effect of residual stress. Such multiphysics characteristics of welding pose a challenge in predicting residual stress. In the present study, a thermo-mechanical constitutive model considering phase transformation and transformation plasticity is implemented in the numerical model in ABAQUS user subroutines. In order to consider phase evolution in welding, the metallurgical parameters for Leblond's phase equation were obtained from the calibration of DH36 steel with a CCT diagram. In addition, the effects of welding speed on thermal profiles and residual stress generation were investigated. Analysis has suggested that the width of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) decreases with an increase in welding speed, and the phase fraction is significantly affected by this kind of parameter. Such phase transformation has led to the generation of a compressive stress in the fusion zone (FZ) and HAZ. The volume difference between coexisting phases produces a compressive stress in cooling, and its magnitude was increased with martensite increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousung Han
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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10
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Li Z, Zhang L, Zhang X, Chen T, Yang P, Chen Y, Lin H, Zhuang W, Wu J, Ying H. Long-Chain Bio-Based Nylon 514 Salt: Crystal Structure, Phase Transformation, and Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:480. [PMID: 38399858 PMCID: PMC10892662 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nylon 514 is one of the new long-chain bio-based nylon materials; its raw material, 1,5-pentanediamine (PDA), is prepared by biological techniques, using biomass as the raw material. The high-performance monomer of nylon 514, 1,5-pentanediamine-tetradecanedioate (PDA-TDA) salt, was obtained through efficient crystallization methods. Here, two crystal forms of PDA-TDA, anhydrous and dihydrate, were identified and studied in this paper. From the characterization data, their crystal structures and thermal behaviors were investigated. Lattice energy was calculated to gain further insight into the relationship between thermal stability and crystal structures. The contribution of hydrogen bonds and other intermolecular interactions to the crystal structure stability have been quantified according to detailed Hirshfeld and IRI analyses. Additionally, the transformation mechanism of the anhydrate and dihydrate was established through a series of well-designed stability experiments, in which the temperature and water activity play a significant role in the structural stability of crystalline forms. Eventually, we obtained nylon 514 products with good thermal stability and low absorption using stable dihydrate powders as monomers. The properties of nylon 514 products prepared by different polymerization methods were also compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Li
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China; (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (P.Y.); (Y.C.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Nanjing Biotogether Co., Ltd., No. 8, Shuangfeng Road, Nanjing 211806, China;
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China; (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (P.Y.); (Y.C.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Tianpeng Chen
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China; (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (P.Y.); (Y.C.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Pengpeng Yang
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China; (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (P.Y.); (Y.C.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yong Chen
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China; (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (P.Y.); (Y.C.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Huajie Lin
- SINOPEC Ningbo Research Institute of New Materials, No. 88, Mianfeng Road, Ningbo 315200, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China; (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (P.Y.); (Y.C.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Jinglan Wu
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China; (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (P.Y.); (Y.C.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hanjie Ying
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China; (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (P.Y.); (Y.C.); (W.Z.); (J.W.); (H.Y.)
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11
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Trang TTT, Heo YU. Transmission electron microscopy study on the phase transformation of metastable precipitates to stable phases. Microscopy (Oxf) 2024; 73:1-13. [PMID: 37702220 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosized precipitates play a critical role in increasing the strength of metallic alloys. There are many reports that the initial precipitates are metastable phases holding a different composition and crystal structure from the equilibrium precipitate. The metastable precipitate transforms to its stable phase during heat treatment. A transmission electron microscope enables researchers to study the phase transition of metastable precipitates to stable phases due to its fine resolution in identifying crystal structures and chemical compositions. This review introduces the various phase transformation mechanisms of metastable precipitates to stable phases obtained from the analysis using a transmission electron microscope. The role of dislocation movement in the phase transition is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T T Trang
- Graduate Institute of Ferrous and Eco Materials Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37-673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Uk Heo
- Graduate Institute of Ferrous and Eco Materials Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37-673, Republic of Korea
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12
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Quan H, Wang R, Ma W, Wu Z, Qiu L, Xu K, Zhao W. Femtosecond Laser-Induced Phase Transformation on Single-Crystal 6H-SiC. Micromachines (Basel) 2024; 15:242. [PMID: 38398970 PMCID: PMC10892162 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) is widely used in many research fields because of its excellent properties. The femtosecond laser has been proven to be an effective method for achieving high-quality and high-efficiency SiC micromachining. In this article, the ablation mechanism irradiated on different surfaces of 6H-SiC by a single pulse under different energies was investigated. The changes in material elements and the geometric spatial distribution of the ablation pit were analyzed using micro-Raman spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectrum (EDS), and an optical microscope, respectively. Moreover, the thresholds for structural transformation and modification zones of 6H-SiC on different surfaces were calculated based on the diameter of the ablation pits created by a femtosecond laser at different single-pulse energies. Experimental results show that the transformation thresholds of the Si surface and the C surface are 5.60 J/cm2 and 6.40 J/cm2, corresponding to the modification thresholds of 2.26 J/cm2 and 2.42 J/cm2, respectively. The Raman and EDS results reveal that there are no phase transformations or material changes on different surfaces of 6H-SiC at low energy, however, decomposition and oxidation occur and then accumulate into dense new phase material under high-energy laser irradiation. We found that the distribution of structural phase transformation is uneven from the center of the spot to the edge. The content of this research reveals the internal evolution mechanism of high-quality laser processing of hard material 6H-SiC. We expect that this research will contribute to the further development of SiC-based MEMS devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhonghuai Wu
- The MIIT Key Laboratory of Complex-Field Intelligent Exploration, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Q.); (R.W.); (W.M.); (L.Q.); (K.X.)
| | | | | | - Weiqian Zhao
- The MIIT Key Laboratory of Complex-Field Intelligent Exploration, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Q.); (R.W.); (W.M.); (L.Q.); (K.X.)
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13
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Zheng H, Xu M, He K. Elucidating Phase Transformation and Surface Amorphization of Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 by In Situ Heating TEM. Small 2024; 20:e2304799. [PMID: 37786289 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Garnet-type Li7 La3 Zr2 O12 (LLZO) solid-state electrolytes hold great promise for the next-generation all-solid-state batteries. An in-depth understanding of the phase transformation during synthetic processes is required for better control of the crystallinity and improvement of the ionic conductivity of LLZO. Herein, the phase transformation pathways and the associated surface amorphization are comparatively investigated during the sol-gel and solid-state syntheses of LLZO using in situ heating transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The combined ex situ X-ray diffraction and in situ TEM techniques are used to reveal two distinct phase transformation pathways (precursors → La2 Zr2 O7 → LLZO and precursors → LLZO) and the subsequent layer-by-layer crystal growth of LLZO on the atomic scale. It is also demonstrated that the surface amorphization surrounding the LLZO crystals is sensitive to the postsynthesis cooling rate and significantly affects the ionic conductivity of pelletized LLZO. This work brings up a critical but often overlooked issue that may greatly exacerbate the Li-ion conductivity by undesired synthetic conditions, which can be leveraged to ameliorate the overall crystallinity to improve the electrochemical performance of LLZO. These findings also shed light on the significance of optimizing surface structure to ensure superior performance of Li-ion conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkui Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Mingjie Xu
- Irvine Materials Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Kai He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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14
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Hazra V, Mondal S, Pattanayak P, Bhattacharyya S. Nanoplatelet Superlattices by Tin-Induced Transformation of FAPbI 3 Nanocrystals. Small 2024; 20:e2304920. [PMID: 37817355 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The transition from 3D to 2D lead halide perovskites is traditionally led by the lattice incorporation of bulky organic cations. However, the transformation into a coveted 2D superlattice-like structure by cationic substitution at the Pb2+ site of 3D perovskite is unfamiliar. It is demonstrated that the gradual increment of [Sn2+ ] alters the FASnx Pb1- x I3 nanocrystals into the Ruddlesden-Popper-like nanoplatelets (NPLs), with surface-absorbed oleic acid (OA) and oleylamine (OAm) spacer ligand at 80 °C (FA+ : formamidinium cation). These NPLs are stacked either by a perfect alignment to form the superlattice or by offsetting the NPL edges because of their lateral displacements. The phase transition occurs from the Sn/Pb ratio ≥0.011, with 0.64 wt% of Sn2+ species. At and above Sn/Pb = 0.022, the NPL superlattice stacks start to grow along [00l] with a repeating length of 4.37(3) nm, comprising the organic bilayer and the inorganic block having two octahedral layers (n = 2). Besides, a photoluminescence quantum yield of 98.4% is obtained with Sn/Pb = 0.011 (n ≥ 4), after surface passivation by trioctylphosphine (TOP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwadeepa Hazra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Sudipta Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Pradip Pattanayak
- Department of Chemical Sciences, and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Sayan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
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15
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Łach Ł, Svyetlichnyy D. 3D Model of Carbon Diffusion during Diffusional Phase Transformations. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:674. [PMID: 38591517 PMCID: PMC10856523 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The microstructure plays a crucial role in determining the properties of metallic materials, in terms of both their strength and functionality in various conditions. In the context of the formation of microstructure, phase transformations that occur in materials are highly significant. These are processes during which the structure of a material undergoes changes, most commonly as a result of variations in temperature, pressure, or chemical composition. The study of phase transformations is a broad and rapidly evolving research area that encompasses both experimental investigations and modeling studies. A foundational understanding of carbon diffusion and phase transformations in materials science is essential for comprehending the behavior of materials under different conditions. This understanding forms the basis for the development and optimization of materials with desired properties. The aim of this paper is to create a three-dimensional model for carbon diffusion in the context of modeling diffusional phase transformations occurring in carbon steels. The proposed model relies on the utilization of the LBM (Lattice Boltzmann Method) and CUDA architecture. The resultant carbon diffusion model is intricately linked with a microstructure evolution model grounded in FCA (Frontal Cellular Automata). This manuscript provides a concise overview of the LBM and the FCA method. It outlines the structure of the developed three-dimensional model for carbon diffusion, details its correlation with the microstructure evolution model, and presents the developed algorithm for simulating carbon diffusion. Demonstrative examples of simulation results, illustrating the growth of the emerging phase and affected by various model parameters within particular planes of the 3D calculation domain, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Łach
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
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16
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Xu M, Niu J, Wu G, Liao Q, Tan X, Yang D, Liu L, Li Y, Xia Y. Pressure-induced phase transition of Lu 2Ti 2O 7and Lu 1.5Ce 0.5Ti 2O 7+xpyrochlores. J Phys Condens Matter 2024; 36:165402. [PMID: 38198736 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad1d1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This study utilizes both experimental and computational approaches to investigate the performance of Lu2Ti2O7(LTO) and Lu1.5Ce0.5Ti2O7+x(LCTO) pyrochlores under high pressure. The structural changes of LTO and LCTO pyrochlores were characterized usingin-situsynchrotron x-ray diffraction (SXRD) andin-situRaman spectroscopy at pressures up to 44.6 GPa. The kinks inP-aandP-Vcurves at around 5 GPa are mainly attributed to the interaction between the pressure medium and the isostructural changes. The onset pressures for transitioning from the cubic pyrochlore phase (Fd-3 m) to the monoclinic phase (P21) are observed at 32.5 GPa and 38.1 GPa, respectively. It is important to note that at the highest measured pressures, the phase transition remains incomplete. This partial transition is likely the result of oriented disorder among cations and anions under high pressure. In addition, introducing Ce as a dopant significantly enhances structural stability. This can be explained by the larger ionic radius of Ce, which hinders the disordering process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
- R&D Center of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Disposal and Modeling, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Science, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanfeng Wu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
- R&D Center of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Disposal and Modeling, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liao
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
- R&D Center of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Disposal and Modeling, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Tan
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
- R&D Center of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Disposal and Modeling, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Yang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Longcheng Liu
- R&D Center of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Disposal and Modeling, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Li
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Xia
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
- R&D Center of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Disposal and Modeling, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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17
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Deng HD, Jin N, Attia PM, Lim K, Kang SD, Kapate N, Zhao H, Li Y, Bazant MZ, Chueh WC. Beyond Constant Current: Origin of Pulse-Induced Activation in Phase-Transforming Battery Electrodes. ACS Nano 2024; 18:2210-2218. [PMID: 38189239 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Mechanistic understanding of phase transformation dynamics during battery charging and discharging is crucial toward rationally improving intercalation electrodes. Most studies focus on constant-current conditions. However, in real battery operation, such as in electric vehicles during discharge, the current is rarely constant. In this work we study current pulsing in LiXFePO4 (LFP), a model and technologically important phase-transforming electrode. A current-pulse activation effect has been observed in LFP, which decreases the overpotential by up to ∼70% after a short, high-rate pulse. This effect persists for hours or even days. Using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and operando X-ray diffraction, we link this long-lived activation effect to a pulse-induced electrode homogenization on both the intra- and interparticle length scales, i.e., within and between particles. Many-particle phase-field simulations explain how such pulse-induced homogeneity contributes to the decreased electrode overpotential. Specifically, we correlate the extent and duration of this activation to lithium surface diffusivity and the magnitude of the current pulse. This work directly links the transient electrode-level electrochemistry to the underlying phase transformation and explains the critical effect of current pulses on phase separation, with significant implication on both battery round-trip efficiency and cycle life. More broadly, the mechanisms revealed here likely extend to other phase-separating electrodes, such as graphite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao D Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Norman Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Peter M Attia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kipil Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Stephen D Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nidhi Kapate
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yiyang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William C Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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18
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Zhang M, Li L, Yang F, Zhang S, Zhang H, Zhu Y, An J. Thermal Activation of High-Alumina Coal Gangue Auxiliary Cementitious Admixture: Thermal Transformation, Calcining Product Formation and Mechanical Properties. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:415. [PMID: 38255582 PMCID: PMC10820571 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, a new preparation technology is developed to make high-alumina coal gangue (HACG) auxiliary cementitious admixture by calcining HACG-Ca(OH)2 (CH) mixture. HACG powders mixed with 20 wt.% CH were calcined within a temperature range of 600-900 °C, and the thermal transformation and mineral phase formation were analyzed. The hydration reaction between activated HACG-CH mixture and cement was also investigated. The results showed that HACG experienced a conventional transformation from kaolinite to metakaolin at 600 °C and finally to mullite at 900 °C, whereas CH underwent an unexpected transformation process from CH to CaO, then to CaCO3, and finally to CaO again. These substances' states were associated with the dehydroxylation of CH, the chemical reaction between CaO and CO2 generating from the combustion of carbon in HACG, and the decomposition of CaCO3, respectively. It is the formation of a large amount of CaO above 800 °C that favors the formation of hydratable products containing Al2O3 in the calcining process and C-A-H gel in the hydration process. The mechanical properties of HACG-cement mortar specimens were measured, from which the optimal calcination temperature of 850 °C was determined. As compared with pure cement mortar specimens, the maximum 28-d flexural and compressive strengths of HACG-cement mortar specimens increased by 5.4% and 38.2%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Liang Li
- Jinneng Holding Coal Industry Group, Datong 037000, China; (L.L.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fan Yang
- Jinneng Holding Coal Industry Group, Datong 037000, China; (L.L.); (F.Y.)
| | - Shigang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yongfu Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jian An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China; (M.Z.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.)
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19
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van Bunningen A, de Wit JW, Wakui S, Meijerink A. Luminescence and Formation of Cubic and Hexagonal (K,Rb) 2SiF 6:Mn 4. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:1044-1053. [PMID: 38109313 PMCID: PMC10788833 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The efficient red-emitting phosphor K2SiF6:Mn4+ (KSF) is widely used for low-power LED applications. The saturated red color and sharp line emission are ideal for application in backlight LEDs for displays. However, the long excited state lifetime lowers the external quantum yield (EQY) at high photon flux, limiting the application in (higher power density) lighting. Here, we report the synthesis of a new crystalline phase: hexagonal (K,Rb)SiF6:Mn4+ (h-KRSF). Due to the lower local symmetry, the Mn4+ emission in this new host material shows a pronounced zero phonon line, which is different from Mn4+ in the cubic KSF. The lower symmetry reduces the excited state lifetime, and thus, the loss of EQY under high photon fluxes, and the spectral change also increases the lumen/W output. Temperature-dependent emission and lifetime measurements reveal a high luminescence quenching temperature of ∼500 K, similar to that of KSF. The formation mechanism of h-KRSF was studied in situ by measuring the emission spectra of the precipitate in solution over time. Initially, nanocrystalline cubic KRSF (c-KRSF) is formed, which transforms into a microcrystalline hexagonal precipitate with a surprising exponential increase in the transformation rate with time. The stability of the new phase was studied by temperature-dependent XRD, and an irreversible transition back to the cubic phase was seen upon heating to temperatures above 200 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jur W. de Wit
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Sadakazu Wakui
- Nichia
Corporation, 491 Oka,
Kaminaka-Cho, Anan-Shi, Tokushima 774-8601, Japan
| | - Andries Meijerink
- Debye
Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht
University, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
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20
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Shan S, Tang Z, Sun K, Jin W, Pan H, Tang R, Yin W, Xie Z, Chen Z, Shao C. ACP-Mediated Phase Transformation for Collagen Mineralization: A New Understanding of the Mechanism. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302418. [PMID: 37742096 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant efforts utilizing advanced technologies, the contentious debate surrounding the intricate mechanism underlying collagen fibril mineralization, particularly with regard to amorphous precursor infiltration and phase transformation, persists. This work proposes an amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-mediated pathway for collagen fibril mineralization and utilizing stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy technology, and has experimentally confirmed for the first time that the ACP nanoparticles can infiltrate inside collagen fibrils. Subsequently, the ACP-mediated phase transformation occurs within collagen fibrils to form HAP crystallites, and significantly enhances the mechanical properties of the mineralized collagen fibrils compared to those achieved by the calcium phosphate ion (CPI)-mediated mineralization and resembles the natural counterpart. Furthermore, demineralized dentin can be effectively remineralized through ACP-mediated mineralization, leading to complete restoration of its mechanical properties. This work provides a new paradigm of collagen mineralization via particle-mediated phase transformation, deepens the understanding of the mechanism behind the mineralization of collagen fibrils, and offers a new strategy for hard tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songzhe Shan
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Zhenhang Tang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Kaida Sun
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Wenjing Jin
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Haihua Pan
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhijian Xie
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Changyu Shao
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
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21
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Zhao J, Yu T, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Ma L, Li J, Qu C, Wang T. Study on Extraction Valuable Metal Elements by Co-Roasting Coal Gangue with Coal Gasification Coarse Slag. Molecules 2023; 29:130. [PMID: 38202713 PMCID: PMC10779775 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Coal gangue (CG) and coal gasification coarse slag (CGCS) possess both hazardous and resourceful attributes. The present study employed co-roasting followed by H2SO4 leaching to extract Al and Fe from CG and CGCS. The activation behavior and phase transformation mechanism during the co-roasting process were investigated through TG, XRD, FTIR, and XPS characterization analysis as well as Gibbs free energy calculation. The results demonstrate that the leaching rate of total iron (TFe) reached 79.93%, and Al3+ achieved 43.78% under the optimized experimental conditions (co-roasting process: CG/CGCS mass ratio of 8/2, 600 °C, 1 h; H2SO4 leaching process: 30 wt% H2SO4, 90 °C, 5 h, liquid to solid ratio of 5:1 mL/g). Co-roasting induced the conversion of inert kaolinite to active metakaolinite, subsequently leading to the formation of sillimanite (Al2SiO5) and hercynite (FeAl2O4). The iron phases underwent a selective transformation in the following sequence: hematite (Fe2O3) → magnetite (Fe3O4) → wustite (FeO) → ferrosilite (FeSiO3), hercynite (FeAl2O4), and fayalite (Fe2SiO4). Furthermore, we found that acid solution and leached residue both have broad application prospects. This study highlights the significant potential of co-roasting CG and CGCS for high-value utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Zhao
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Synergistic Control Technology and Reservoir Protection for Oil and Gas Field Environmental Pollution, Shaanxi Fuquan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Yan’an 727500, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (L.M.); (C.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China; (J.L.); (T.W.)
- Shaanxi Oil and Gas Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Synergistic Control Technology and Reservoir Protection for Oil and Gas Field Environmental Pollution, Shaanxi Fuquan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Yan’an 727500, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (L.M.); (C.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China; (J.L.); (T.W.)
- Shaanxi Oil and Gas Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Synergistic Control Technology and Reservoir Protection for Oil and Gas Field Environmental Pollution, Shaanxi Fuquan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Yan’an 727500, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (L.M.); (C.Q.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Synergistic Control Technology and Reservoir Protection for Oil and Gas Field Environmental Pollution, Shaanxi Fuquan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Yan’an 727500, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (L.M.); (C.Q.)
| | - Lanting Ma
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Synergistic Control Technology and Reservoir Protection for Oil and Gas Field Environmental Pollution, Shaanxi Fuquan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Yan’an 727500, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (L.M.); (C.Q.)
- Shaanxi Oil and Gas Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Jinling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China; (J.L.); (T.W.)
- Shaanxi Oil and Gas Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Chengtun Qu
- Yan’an Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Synergistic Control Technology and Reservoir Protection for Oil and Gas Field Environmental Pollution, Shaanxi Fuquan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Yan’an 727500, China; (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (L.M.); (C.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China; (J.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Te Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China; (J.L.); (T.W.)
- Shaanxi Oil and Gas Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
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22
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Hwang JK. Effect of Latent Heat by Phase Transformation on the Thermal Behavior of Steel Billet during Heating. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7598. [PMID: 38138740 PMCID: PMC10744574 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of latent heat via phase transformation on the thermal behavior of a billet was investigated during the heating process. The latent heat of the billet strongly affected the temperature distribution of the billet during heating, although the heating rate of the billet was not high during the process. The temperature profile of the center region of the steel billet with latent heat had a strong flat shape compared with the other regions, as the heat supply to the center region was limited during the heating process owing to the finite thermal conductivity and mass effect of the billet. The latent heat by phase transformation typically occurred in the middle stage of heating, and the latent heat increased the temperature deviation of the billet during heating owing to the delay in the temperature rise at the center region of the billet. During the phase transformation of carbon steels during heating, the gas temperature needs to be low to reduce the temperature deviation or thermal stress of the billet. Industrial hot rolling mills are required to consider the latent heat by phase transformation of the billet to properly design the heating pattern for the billet. The heating pattern in the reheating furnace should be varied with the materials to obtain a high heating quality for the billet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Ki Hwang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Korea University of Technology & Education, Cheonan 31253, Republic of Korea
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23
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Meng J, Mao G, Zhu Z, Li Q, Lin X, Wang L, Li Y, Huang Y. Novel Environmentally Responsive Polyvinyl Polyamine Hydrogels Capable of Phase Transformation with Temperature for Applications in Reservoir Profile Control. Gels 2023; 9:950. [PMID: 38131936 PMCID: PMC10742972 DOI: 10.3390/gels9120950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel has been widely used in reservoir regulation for enhancing oil recovery, however, this process can experience negative influences on the properties and effects of the hydrogels. Therefore, developing novel hydrogels with excellent environmental responsiveness would improve the formation adaptability of hydrogels. In this study, novel polyvinyl polyamine hydrogels were synthesized by a ring-opening addition reaction between polyvinyl polyamines and polyethylene glycol glycidyl ether. The results of atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that the polyvinyl polyamine gel had a porous and irregular bulk structure and was endowed with water storage. With the temperature rising from 30 °C to 60 °C, the transmittance of diethylenetriamine hydrogel decreased from 84.3% to 18.8%, indicating that a phase transition had occurred. After the polyvinyl polyamine hydrogel with low initial viscosity was injected into the formation in the liquid phase, the increase of the reservoir temperature caused it to turn into an elastomer, thereby migrating to the depth of the reservoir and achieving effective plugging. Polyvinyl polyamine hydrogel could improve the profile of heterogeneous layers significantly by forcing subsequent fluids into the low permeability zone in the form of elastomers in the medium temperature reservoirs of 40-60 °C. The novel environmentally responsive polyvinyl polyamine hydrogels, capable of phase transformation with temperature, exhibited superior performance in recovering residual oil, which was beneficial for applications in reservoir profile control and oilfield development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxun Meng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China;
- Research Institute of Oil Production Engineering, Daqing Oilfield Limited Company, Daqing 163453, China; (Q.L.); (X.L.); (L.W.); (Y.L.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Stimulation, Daqing 163453, China
| | - Guoliang Mao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China;
| | - Zhixuan Zhu
- Research Institute of Oil Production Engineering, Daqing Oilfield Limited Company, Daqing 163453, China; (Q.L.); (X.L.); (L.W.); (Y.L.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Stimulation, Daqing 163453, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Research Institute of Oil Production Engineering, Daqing Oilfield Limited Company, Daqing 163453, China; (Q.L.); (X.L.); (L.W.); (Y.L.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Stimulation, Daqing 163453, China
| | - Xuesong Lin
- Research Institute of Oil Production Engineering, Daqing Oilfield Limited Company, Daqing 163453, China; (Q.L.); (X.L.); (L.W.); (Y.L.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Stimulation, Daqing 163453, China
| | - Lichao Wang
- Research Institute of Oil Production Engineering, Daqing Oilfield Limited Company, Daqing 163453, China; (Q.L.); (X.L.); (L.W.); (Y.L.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Stimulation, Daqing 163453, China
| | - Yiran Li
- Research Institute of Oil Production Engineering, Daqing Oilfield Limited Company, Daqing 163453, China; (Q.L.); (X.L.); (L.W.); (Y.L.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Stimulation, Daqing 163453, China
| | - Yue Huang
- No. 2 Production Plant, Daqing Oilfield Limited Company, Daqing 163461, China;
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24
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Liu M, Wu B, Si D, Dong H, Chen K, Zheng L, Fan XY, Yu L, Xiao B, Chou S, Xiao Y, Wang PF. Electronic States Tailoring and Pinning Effect Boost High-Power Sodium-Ion Storage of Oriented Hollow P2-Type Cathode Materials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:53623-53631. [PMID: 37955137 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Fierce phase transformation and limited sodium ion diffusion dynamics are critical obstacles that hinder the practical energy storage applications of P2-type layered sodium transition metal oxides (NaxTMO2). Herein, a synergistic strategy of electronic state tailoring and pillar effect was carefully implemented by substituting divalent Mg2+ into Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 material with unique oriented hollow rodlike structures. Mg2+substitution can not only facilitate the anionic oxygen redox reactions and electronic conductivity through increasing the electronic states at Femi energy but also act as pillars within TMO2 layers to alleviate the severe phase transformation to improve structure stability. Moreover, the oriented hollow structure incorporating sufficient buffer spaces and rationally exposed electrochemically active facets effectively alleviates the stresses induced by low volume changes of 8% and provides more open channels for Na+ ion diffusion without crossing multiple grain boundaries. Hence, the Na0.67Mg0.08Ni0.25Mn0.67O2 cathode showed a superior rate capability with high energy density and cycling stability for sodium-ion storage. The underlying mechanisms of these achievements were deciphered through diversified dynamic analysis and the first principle calculations, providing new insights into P2-type NaxTMO2 cathodes for the infinite prospect as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Liu
- Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Humboldt University Berlin, Newton-Straße 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Duo Si
- Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Dong
- Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Fan
- Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lianzheng Yu
- Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shulei Chou
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wang
- Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
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25
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Lévesque JB, Baillargeon C, Paquet D, Lanteigne J, Champliaud H. Characterizing and Modeling Transformation-Induced Plasticity in 13Cr-4Ni Welds upon Cooling. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7166. [PMID: 38005095 PMCID: PMC10672699 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Dilatometric experiments were conducted with the main purpose of measuring the transformation-induced coefficients of 13% chromium and 4% nickel, which are martensitic stainless steel base and filler materials used for hydraulic turbine manufacturing. To this end, a set of experiments was conducted in a quenching dilatometer equipped with loading capabilities. The measurement system was further improved by means of modified pushrods to allow for the use of specimens with geometries that are compliant with tensile test standards. This improvement allowed for the measurement of the materials' phases and respective yield strengths. The dataset was further used to determine the relationship between the applied external stress and the martensitic start temperature (Ms) upon cooling. The TRIP coefficient's K values for both the S41500 steel and E410NiMo filler material were measured at 8.12×10-5 and 7.11×10-5, respectively. Additionally, the solid phase transformation model parameters for both the austenitic and martensitic transformation of the filler material were measured. These parameters were then used to model austenitic-phase-transformation kinetics and martensite transformation, including transformation-induced plasticity effects. Good agreement was achieved between the calculation and the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Benoit Lévesque
- Institut de Recherche d’Hydro-Québec, 1800 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Rue Notre-Dame O, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Carlo Baillargeon
- Institut de Recherche d’Hydro-Québec, 1800 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada
| | - Daniel Paquet
- Institut de Recherche d’Hydro-Québec, 1800 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada
| | - Jacques Lanteigne
- Institut de Recherche d’Hydro-Québec, 1800 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S1, Canada
| | - Henri Champliaud
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Rue Notre-Dame O, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
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26
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Sun F, Mino Y, Ogawa T, Chen TT, Natsume Y, Adachi Y. Evaluation of Austenite-Ferrite Phase Transformation in Carbon Steel Using Bayesian Optimized Cellular Automaton Simulation. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6922. [PMID: 37959518 PMCID: PMC10647779 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Austenite-ferrite phase transformation is a crucial metallurgical tool to tailor the properties of steels required for particular applications. Extensive simulation and modeling studies have been conducted to evaluate the phase transformation behaviors; however, some fundamental physical parameters still need to be optimized for better understanding. In this study, the austenite-ferrite phase transformation was evaluated in carbon steels with three carbon concentrations during isothermal annealing at various temperatures using a developed cellular automaton simulation model combined with Bayesian optimization. The simulation results show that the incubation period for nucleation is an essential factor that needs to be considered during austenite-ferrite phase transformation simulation. The incubation period constant is mainly affected by carbon concentration and the optimized values have been obtained as 10-24, 10-19, and 10-21 corresponding to carbon concentrations of 0.2 wt%, 0.35 wt%, and 0.5 wt%, respectively. The average ferrite grain size after phase transformation completion could decrease with the decreasing initial austenite grain size. Some other parameters were also analyzed in detail. The developed cellular automaton simulation model combined with Bayesian optimization in this study could conduct an in-depth exploration of critical and optimal parameters and provide deeper insights into understanding the fundamental physical characteristics during austenite-ferrite phase transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Sun
- Department of Material Design Innovation Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; (Y.M.); (T.-T.C.)
| | - Yoshihisa Mino
- Department of Material Design Innovation Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; (Y.M.); (T.-T.C.)
| | - Toshio Ogawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa Cho, Toyota 470-0392, Japan;
| | - Ta-Te Chen
- Department of Material Design Innovation Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; (Y.M.); (T.-T.C.)
| | - Yukinobu Natsume
- Department of Materials Science, Akita University, 1-1 Tegata-Gakuenmachi, Akita 010-8502, Japan;
| | - Yoshitaka Adachi
- Department of Material Design Innovation Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; (Y.M.); (T.-T.C.)
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27
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Li X, Nie J, Wang X, Li K, Zhang H. Microstructure Evolution at Ni/Fe Interface in Dissimilar Metal Weld between Ferritic Steel and Austenitic Stainless Steel. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6294. [PMID: 37763571 PMCID: PMC10532957 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The formation and evolution of microstructures at the Ni/Fe interface in dissimilar metal weld (DMW) between ferritic steel and austenitic stainless steel were investigated. Layered martensitic structures were noted at the nickel-based weld metal/12Cr2MoWVTiB steel interface after welding and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). The formation of the interfacial martensite layer during welding was clarified and its evolution during PWHT was discussed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), focused ion beam (FIB), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), transmission kikuchi diffraction (TKD), phase diagrams, and theoretical analysis. In as-welded DMW, the Ni/Fe interface structures consisted of the BCC quenched martensite layer and the FCC partially mixed zone (PMZ), which was the result of inhomogeneous solid phase transformation due to the chemical composition gradient. During the PWHT process, the BCC interfacial microstructure further evolved to a double-layered structure of tempered martensite and quenched martensite newly formed by local re-austenitization and austenite-martensite transformation. These types of martensitic structures induced inhomogeneous hardness distribution near the Ni/Fe interface, aggravating the mismatch of interfacial mechanical properties, which was a potential factor contributing to the degradation and failure of DMW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Li
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Junfeng Nie
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Kejian Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Haiquan Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.)
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28
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Zhu D, Wang C, Zou P, Zhang R, Wang S, Song B, Yang X, Low KB, Xin HL. Deep-Learning Aided Atomic-Scale Phase Segmentation toward Diagnosing Complex Oxide Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Nano Lett 2023; 23:8272-8279. [PMID: 37643420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Phase transformation─a universal phenomenon in materials─plays a key role in determining their properties. Resolving complex phase domains in materials is critical to fostering a new fundamental understanding that facilitates new material development. So far, although conventional classification strategies such as order-parameter methods have been developed to distinguish remarkably disparate phases, highly accurate and efficient phase segmentation for material systems composed of multiphases remains unavailable. Here, by coupling hard-attention-enhanced U-Net network and geometry simulation with atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy, we successfully developed a deep-learning tool enabling automated atom-by-atom phase segmentation of intertwined phase domains in technologically important cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The new strategy outperforms traditional methods and quantitatively elucidates the correlation between the multiple phases formed during battery operation. Our work demonstrates how deep learning can be employed to foster an in-depth understanding of phase transformation-related key issues in complex materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Computer Network Information Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Peichao Zou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Shefang Wang
- BASF Corporation, Iselin, New Jersey 08830, United States
| | - Bohang Song
- BASF Corporation, Beachwood, Ohio 44122, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Computer Network Information Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Bin Low
- BASF Corporation, Iselin, New Jersey 08830, United States
| | - Huolin L Xin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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29
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Puyathorn N, Tamdee P, Sirirak J, Okonogi S, Phaechamud T, Chantadee T. Computational Insight of Phase Transformation and Drug Release Behaviour of Doxycycline-Loaded Ibuprofen-Based In-Situ Forming Gel. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2315. [PMID: 37765285 PMCID: PMC10537905 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This research investigates the gel formation behaviour and drug-controlling performance of doxycycline-loaded ibuprofen-based in-situ forming gels (DH-loaded IBU-based ISGs) for potential applications in periodontal treatment. The investigation begins by exploring the physical properties and gel formation behaviour of the ISGs, with a particular focus on determining their sustained release capabilities. To gain a deeper understanding of the molecular interactions and dynamics within the ISGs, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations are employed. The effects of adding IBU and DH on reducing surface tension and water tolerance properties, thus affecting molecular properties. The phase transformation phenomenon is observed around the interface, where droplets of ISGs move out to the water phase, leading to the precipitation of IBU around the interface. The optimization of drug release profiles ensures sustained local drug release over seven days, with a burst release observed on the first day. Interestingly, different organic solvents show varying abilities to control DH release, with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) demonstrating superior control compared to N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). MD simulations using AMBER20 software provide valuable insights into the movement of individual molecules, as evidenced by root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values. The addition of IBU to the system results in the retardation of IBU molecule movement, particularly evident in the DMSO series, with the diffusion constant value of DH reducing from 1.2452 to 0.3372 and in the NMP series from 0.3703 to 0.2245 after adding IBU. The RMSD values indicate a reduction in molecule fluctuation of DH, especially in the DMSO system, where it decreases from over 140 to 40 Å. Moreover, their radius of gyration is influenced by IBU, with the DMSO system showing lower values, suggesting an increase in molecular compactness. Notably, the DH-IBU configuration exhibits stable pairing through H-bonding, with a higher amount of H-bonding observed in the DMSO system, which is correlated with the drug retardation efficacy. These significant findings pave the way for the development of phase transformation mechanistic studies and offer new avenues for future design and optimization formulation in the ISG drug delivery systems field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napaphol Puyathorn
- Programme of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand;
| | - Poomipat Tamdee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Jitnapa Sirirak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Natural Bioactive and Material for Health Promotion and Drug Delivery System Group (NBM Group), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thawatchai Phaechamud
- Programme of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand;
- Natural Bioactive and Material for Health Promotion and Drug Delivery System Group (NBM Group), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Takron Chantadee
- Natural Bioactive and Material for Health Promotion and Drug Delivery System Group (NBM Group), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Li J, Gao RT, Liu X, Zhang X, Wu L, Wang L. Single-Atom Pt Embedded in Defective Layered Double Hydroxide for Efficient and Durable Hydrogen Evolution. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:42501-42510. [PMID: 37641500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis in neutral conditions is appealing for hydrogen production by utilizing abundant wastewater or seawater resources. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) immobilized on supports are considered one of the most promising strategies for electrocatalysis research. While they have principally exhibited breakthrough activity and selectivity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysis in alkaline or acidic conditions, few SACs were reported for HER in neutral media. Herein, we report a facile strategy to tailor the water dissociation active sites on the NiFe LDH by inducing Mo species and an ultralow single atomic Pt loading. The defected NiFeMo LDH (V-NiFeMo LDH) shows HER activity with an overpotential of 89 mV at 10 mA cm-2 in 1 M phosphate buffer solutions. The induced Mo species and the transformed NiO/Ni phases after etching significantly increase the electron conductivity and the catalytic active sites. A further enhancement can be achieved by modulating the ultralow single atom Pt anchored on the V-NiFeMo LDH by potentiostatic polarization. A potential as low as 37 mV is obtained at 10 mA cm-2 with a pronounced long-term durability over 110 h, surpassing its crystalline LDH materials and most of the HER catalysts in neutral medium. Experimental and density functional theory calculation results have demonstrated that the synergistic effects of Mo/SAs Pt and phase transformation into NiFe LDH reduce the kinetic energy barrier of the water dissociation process and promote the H* conversion for accelerating the neutral HER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy Material and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Rui-Ting Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy Material and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Xianhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xueyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Chin
| | - Limin Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy Material and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy Material and Chemistry, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
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Cao S, Li Z, Pu J, Han J, Dong Q, Zhu M. Microstructure Evolution of the Ti-46Al-8Nb-2.5V Alloy during Hot Compression and Subsequent Annealing at 900 °C. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6176. [PMID: 37763454 PMCID: PMC10533025 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
TiAl alloys are high-temperature structural materials with excellent comprehensive properties, and their ideal service temperature range is about 700-950 °C. High-Nb containing the Ti-46Al-8Nb-2.5V alloy was subjected to hot compression and subsequent annealing at 900 °C. During hot compression, work-hardening and strain-softening occurred. The peak stresses during compression are positively correlated with the compressive strain rates and negatively correlated with the compression temperatures. The α2 phase exhibited a typical (0001)α2 basal plane texture after hot compression, while the β0 and γ phases did not show a typical strong texture. Subsequent annealing at 900 °C of the hot-compressed samples resulted in significant phase transformations, specifically the α2 → γ and β0 → γ phase transformations. After 30 min of annealing, the volume fraction of the α2 phase decreased from 39.0% to 4.6%. The microstructure characteristics and phase fraction after 60 min of annealing were similar to those after 30 min. According to the calculation of Miller indexes and texture evolution during annealing, the α2 → γ phase transformation did not follow the Blackburn orientation relationship. Multiple crystal-oriented α2 phases with nanoscale widths (20~100 nm) precipitate within the γ phase during the annealing process, which means the occurrence of γ → α2 phase transformation. Still, the γ → α2 phase transformation follows the Blackburn orientation relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouzhen Cao
- School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245021, China; (S.C.); (J.P.); (Q.D.)
| | - Zongze Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Metal Composites Forming Technology and Equipment of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;
| | - Jiafei Pu
- School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245021, China; (S.C.); (J.P.); (Q.D.)
| | - Jianchao Han
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Metal Composites Forming Technology and Equipment of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;
| | - Qi Dong
- School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245021, China; (S.C.); (J.P.); (Q.D.)
| | - Mingdong Zhu
- Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China;
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Maashaa D, Purevdagva E, Rubanik VV, Rubanik VV. The Influence of Ultrasonic Activation on Microstructure, Phase Transformation and Mechanical Properties of Porous Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloys via Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6134. [PMID: 37763412 PMCID: PMC10533105 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Porous Ni-Ti shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been widely studied in biomedical and engineering applications. Porous Ni-Ti SMAs were obtained via self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), and their microstructure, phase transformation, and mechanical properties were investigated. This article presents the results of a study of changes in the microstructure, phase transformation, and mechanical properties of porous Ni-Ti SMAs when Ni and Ti metal powders were preliminarily subjected to ultrasonic activation at various periods. It was determined that the porosity of the obtained alloy samples was 62-68 vol%. The microstructure was composed of the main matrix Ni-Ti phase and the accompanying Ti and Ti2-Ni phases. The results show that the hardness 34.1-86.8 HB and elastic modulus 4.2-10.8 GPa increased with an increase in the ultrasonic activation time of the samples. The phase transformation temperature of the Ni-Ti shape memory alloy remained almost unchanged under the influence of ultrasonic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dovchinvanchig Maashaa
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, School of Applied Sciences, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 17024, Mongolia;
| | - Enkhtsetseg Purevdagva
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, School of Applied Sciences, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 17024, Mongolia;
| | - Vasili V. Rubanik
- Institute of Technical Acoustics of National Academy of Science of Belarus, 210009 Vitebsk, Belarus; (V.V.R.); (V.V.R.J.)
| | - Vasili V. Rubanik
- Institute of Technical Acoustics of National Academy of Science of Belarus, 210009 Vitebsk, Belarus; (V.V.R.); (V.V.R.J.)
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Wu Y, Shao J. Unraveling Anisotropy in Crystalline Orientation under Shock-Induced Dynamic Responses in High-Entropy Alloy Co 25Ni 25Fe 25Al 7.5Cu 17.5. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2446. [PMID: 37686954 PMCID: PMC10490121 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Shock-induced plastic deformation and spall damage in the single-crystalline FCC Co25Ni25Fe25Al7.5Cu17.5 high-entropy alloy (HEA) under varying shock intensities were systematically investigated using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. The study reveals the significant influence of crystalline orientation on the deformation mechanism and spall damage. Specifically, the shock wave velocities in the [110] and [111] directions are significantly higher than that in the [001] direction, resulting in a two-zone elastic-plastic shock wave structure observed in the [110] and [111] samples, while only a single-wave structure is found in the [001] sample. The plastic deformation is dominated by the FCC to BCC transformation following the Bain path and a small amount of stacking faults during the compression stage in the [001] sample, whereas it depends on the stacking faults induced by Shockley dislocation motion in the [110] and [111] samples. The stacking faults and phase transformation in the [001] sample exhibit high reversibility under release effects, while extensive dislocations are present in the [110] and [111] samples after release. Interestingly, tension-strain-induced FCC to BCC phase transformation is observed in the [001] sample during the release stage, resulting in increased spall strength compared to the [110] and [111] samples. The spall strength estimated from both bulk and free surface velocity history shows reasonable consistency. Additionally, the spall strength remains stable with increasing shock intensities. The study discusses in detail the shock wave propagation, microstructure change, and spall damage evolution. Overall, our comprehensive studies provide deep insights into the deformation and fracture mechanisms of Co25Ni25Fe25Al7.5Cu17.5 HEA under shock loading, contributing to a better understanding of dynamic deformation under extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Jianli Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
- Explosion Protection and Emergency Disposal Technology Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100039, China
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Yun H, Zhang D, Birol T, Wang JP, Mkhoyan KA. Structural Anisotropy-Driven Atomic Mechanisms of Phase Transformations in the Pt-Sn System. Nano Lett 2023; 23:7576-7583. [PMID: 37535801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Using in situ atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, atomic movements and rearrangements associated with diffusive solid to solid phase transformations in the Pt-Sn system are captured to reveal details of the underlying atomistic mechanisms that drive these transformations. In the PtSn4 to PtSn2 phase transformation, a periodic superlattice substructure and a unique intermediate structure precede the nucleation and growth of the PtSn2 phase. At the atomic level, all stages of the transformation are templated by the anisotropic crystal structure of the parent PtSn4 phase. In the case of the PtSn2 to Pt2Sn3 transformation, the anisotropy in the structure of product Pt2Sn3 dictates the path of transformation. Analysis of atomic configurations at the transformation front elucidates the diffusion pathways and lattice distortions required for these phase transformations. Comparison of multiple Pt-Sn phase transformations reveals the structural parameters governing solid to solid phase transformations in this technologically interesting intermetallic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwanhui Yun
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Delin Zhang
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Turan Birol
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Wang
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - K Andre Mkhoyan
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Chandrabose V, Kim T, Park JW, Jung SY, Oh JM. Effect of Tetrahedrally Coordinated Al on the Surface Acidity of Mg-Al Binary Mixed Oxides. Molecules 2023; 28:6072. [PMID: 37630324 PMCID: PMC10459910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal oxides (MOs) having Mg and Al with Mg/Al ratios of 1, 2, 3, and 4 were synthesized via calcination of the layered double hydroxides (LDH). The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all the MO consisted of periclase (MgO) crystallite with comparable crystallinity regardless of the metal ratio. According to the 27Al magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, the phase transformation from LDH to MO upon calcination facilitated the evolution of the Al3+ ions with unsaturated coordination at the surface of MO. The specific surface area values of MOs were not significantly different from each other, ranging between 100 and 200 m2/g, suggesting that the metal ratio did not strongly influence the porous structure of MO. The temperature-dependent desorption of ammonia demonstrated that the Lewis acidity of the Al-rich MOs was the largest with an Mg/Al ratio of 1, attributed to the efficient exposure of the surface-active site Al3+-O2- pairs. The acidity of heterogenous Al-rich MOs significantly increased with the exposed tetrahedral Al site on the surface and dramatically diminished when the molar ratio (Mg/Al) was over two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Chandrabose
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (V.C.); (T.K.); (J.w.P.); (S.-Y.J.)
| | - Taeho Kim
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (V.C.); (T.K.); (J.w.P.); (S.-Y.J.)
| | - Ji won Park
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (V.C.); (T.K.); (J.w.P.); (S.-Y.J.)
- Developing Product Quality Innovation Team, LG Display, Paju 10845, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Jung
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (V.C.); (T.K.); (J.w.P.); (S.-Y.J.)
- SN Bioscience, 422-Na, LH Business Growth Center, 54 Changeop-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13449, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Oh
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (V.C.); (T.K.); (J.w.P.); (S.-Y.J.)
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Zhao P, Yan L, Gao X. Millirobot Based on a Phase-Transformable Magnetorheological Liquid Metal. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:37658-37667. [PMID: 37503740 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Droplet robots have attracted much attention in recent years due to their large-scale deformability and flexible mobility in confined spaces. However, droplet robots are always difficult to maintain rigid shapes, making them difficult to manipulate objects with large inertia. Moreover, their low conductivity makes them unable to complete tasks such as circuit repair. Herein, a millirobot made from magnetorheological liquid metal is proposed to address the problems. Specifically, the magnetorheological liquid metal (MLM) robot is made by engulfing iron particles into gallium-indium alloy, and the mass fraction of the MLM robot is determined by microscopic observation and rheological test. The MLM robot possesses both solid and liquid properties, enabling the robot with plasticity, large-scale deformability, good conductivity, motion flexibility, and good object manipulation. The MLM robot can achieve almost all of the functions of existing droplet robots, including splitting, merging, navigating in narrow channels, and pushing objects. In addition, it can also accomplish some other tasks that are difficult for existing droplet robots, such as pulling large objects, repairing damaged circuits selectively and reversibly, and repairing suspended circuits through plasticity. The demos show that MLM robots can traverse narrow spaces and repair circuit damage selectively and reversibly. It is believed that MLM robots can enrich diverse functionalities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Zhao
- School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liang Yan
- School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Beihang University, Ningbo 315800, China
- Tianmushan Laboratory, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Science and Technology on Aircraft Control Laboratory, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoshan Gao
- School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Biswas A, Xu R, Christiansen-Salameh J, Jeong E, Alvarez GA, Li C, Puthirath AB, Gao B, Garg A, Gray T, Kannan H, Zhang X, Elkins J, Pieshkov TS, Vajtai R, Birdwell AG, Neupane MR, Pate BB, Ivanov T, Garratt EJ, Dai P, Zhu H, Tian Z, Ajayan PM. Phase Stability of Hexagonal/Cubic Boron Nitride Nanocomposites. Nano Lett 2023; 23:6927-6936. [PMID: 37489836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Boron nitride (BN) is an exceptional material, and among its polymorphs, two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal and three-dimensional (3D) cubic BN (h-BN and c-BN) phases are most common. The phase stability regimes of these BN phases are still under debate, and phase transformations of h-BN/c-BN remain a topic of interest. Here, we investigate the phase stability of 2D/3D h-BN/c-BN nanocomposites and show that the coexistence of two phases can lead to strong nonlinear optical properties and low thermal conductivity at room temperature. Furthermore, spark-plasma sintering of the nanocomposite shows complete phase transformation to 2D h-BN with improved crystalline quality, where 3D c-BN possibly governs the nucleation and growth kinetics. Our demonstration might be insightful in phase engineering of BN polymorph-based nanocomposites with desirable properties for optoelectronics and thermal energy management applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Biswas
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Joyce Christiansen-Salameh
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Eugene Jeong
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Gustavo A Alvarez
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Anand B Puthirath
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Arushi Garg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Tia Gray
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Harikishan Kannan
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jacob Elkins
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Tymofii S Pieshkov
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Robert Vajtai
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - A Glen Birdwell
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, RF Devices and Circuits, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Mahesh R Neupane
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, RF Devices and Circuits, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Bradford B Pate
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Tony Ivanov
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, RF Devices and Circuits, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Elias J Garratt
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, RF Devices and Circuits, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Pengcheng Dai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Hanyu Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Zhiting Tian
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Łagodzińska P, Dejak B, Krasowski M, Konieczny B. The Influence of Alumina Airborne-Particle Abrasion with Various Sizes of Alumina Particles on the Phase Transformation and Fracture Resistance of Zirconia-Based Dental Ceramics. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5419. [PMID: 37570123 PMCID: PMC10419888 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The surface of zirconia-based dental ceramic restorations require preparation prior to adhesive cementation. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of airborne-particle abrasion with different sizes of alumina particles (50 μm, 110 μm, or 250 μm) on the mechanical strength of zirconia-based ceramics' frameworks and on the extent of phase transformations. A fracture resistance test was performed. The central surface of the frameworks was subjected to a load [N]. The identification and quantitative determination of the crystalline phase present in the zirconia specimens was assessed using X-ray diffraction. The Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance was used to establish significance (α = 0.05). The fracture resistance of zirconia-based frameworks significantly increases with an increase in the size of alumina particles used for air abrasion: 715.5 N for 250 μm alumina particles, 661.1 N for 110 μm, 608.7 N for 50 μm and the lowest for the untreated specimens (364.2 N). The X-ray diffraction analysis showed an increase in the monoclinic phase content after air abrasion: 50 μm alumina particles-26%, 110 μm-40%, 250 μm-56%, and no treatment-none. Air abrasion of the zirconia-based dental ceramics' surface with alumina particles increases the fracture resistance of zirconia copings and the monoclinic phase volume. This increase is strongly related to the alumina particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Łagodzińska
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-209 Łódź, Poland
| | - Beata Dejak
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-209 Łódź, Poland
| | - Michał Krasowski
- University Laboratory of Material Research, Medical University of Lodz, 92-209 Łódź, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Konieczny
- University Laboratory of Material Research, Medical University of Lodz, 92-209 Łódź, Poland
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Łach Ł, Svyetlichnyy D. 3D Model of Heat Flow during Diffusional Phase Transformations. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4865. [PMID: 37445179 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The structure of metallic materials has a significant impact on their properties. One of the most popular methods to form the properties of metal alloys is heat treatment, which uses thermally activated transformations that take place in metals to achieve the required mechanical or physicochemical properties. The phase transformation in steel results from the fact that one state becomes less durable than the other due to a change in conditions, for example, temperature. Phase transformations are an extensive field of research that is developing very dynamically both in the sphere of experimental and model research. The objective of this paper is the development of a 3D heat flow model to model heat transfer during diffusional phase transformations in carbon steels. This model considers the two main factors that influence the transformation: the temperature and the enthalpy of transformation. The proposed model is based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and uses CUDA parallel computations. The developed heat flow model is directly related to the microstructure evolution model, which is based on frontal cellular automata (FCA). This paper briefly presents information on the FCA, LBM, CUDA, and diffusional phase transformation in carbon steels. The structures of the 3D model of heat flow and their connection with the microstructure evolution model as well as the algorithm for simulation of heat transfer with consideration of the enthalpy of transformation are shown. Examples of simulation results of the growth of the new phase that are determined by the overheating/overcooling and different model parameters in the selected planes of the 3D calculation domain are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Łach
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dmytro Svyetlichnyy
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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40
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Zykova A, Nikolaeva A, Panfilov A, Vorontsov A, Nikonenko A, Dobrovolsky A, Chumaevskii A, Gurianov D, Filippov A, Semenchuk N, Savchenko N, Kolubaev E, Tarasov S. Microstructures and Phases in Electron Beam Additively Manufactured Ti-Al-Mo-Zr-V/CuAl9Mn2 Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4279. [PMID: 37374463 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Electron beam additive manufacturing from dissimilar metal wires was used to intermix 5, 10 and 15 vol.% of Ti-Al-Mo-Z-V titanium alloy with CuAl9Mn2 bronze on a stainless steel substrate. The resulting alloys were subjected to investigations into their microstructural, phase and mechanical characteristics. It was shown that different microstructures were formed in an alloy containing 5 vol.% titanium alloy, as well as others containing 10 and 15 vol.%. The first was characterized by structural components such as solid solution, eutectic intermetallic compound TiCu2Al and coarse grains of γ1-Al4Cu9. It had enhanced strength and demonstrated steady oxidation wear in sliding tests. The other two alloys also contained large flower-like Ti(Cu,Al)2 dendrites that appeared due to the thermal decomposition of γ1-Al4Cu9. This structural transformation resulted in catastrophic embrittlement of the composite and changing of wear mechanism from oxidative to abrasive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zykova
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634055, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolaeva
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634055, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Panfilov
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634055, Russia
| | - Andrey Vorontsov
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634055, Russia
| | - Alisa Nikonenko
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634055, Russia
| | - Artem Dobrovolsky
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634055, Russia
| | - Andrey Chumaevskii
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634055, Russia
| | - Denis Gurianov
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634055, Russia
| | - Andrey Filippov
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634055, Russia
| | - Natalya Semenchuk
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634055, Russia
| | - Nikolai Savchenko
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634055, Russia
| | - Evgeny Kolubaev
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634055, Russia
| | - Sergei Tarasov
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634055, Russia
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41
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Liu X, Zhang L, El Fil B, Díaz-Marín CD, Zhong Y, Li X, Lin S, Wang EN. Unusual Temperature Dependence of Water Sorption in Semicrystalline Hydrogels. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2211763. [PMID: 36921061 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Water vapor sorption is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nature and plays an important role in various applications, including humidity regulation, energy storage, thermal management, and water harvesting. In particular, capturing moisture at elevated temperatures is highly desirable to prevent dehydration and to enlarge the tunability of water uptake. However, owing to the thermodynamic limit of conventional materials, sorbents inevitably tend to capture less water vapor at higher temperatures, impeding their broad applications. Here, an inverse temperature dependence of water sorption in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels, where their water uptake can be doubled with increasing temperature from 25 to 50 °C, is reported. With mechanistic modeling of water-polymer interactions, this unusual water sorption is attributed to the first-order phase transformation of PEG structures, and the key parameters for a more generalized strategy in materials development are identified. This work elucidates a new regime of water sorption with an unusual temperature dependence, enabling a promising engineering space for harnessing moisture and heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lenan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Bachir El Fil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Carlos D Díaz-Marín
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yang Zhong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shaoting Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Evelyn N Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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42
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Coroas C, Viéitez I, Martín E, Román M. Numerical Modeling for the Prediction of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Quenched Automotive Steel Pieces. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16114111. [PMID: 37297245 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present an efficient numerical tool for the prediction of the final microstructure, mechanical properties, and distortions of automotive steel spindles subjected to quenching processes by immersion in liquid tanks. The complete model, which consists of a two-way coupled thermal-metallurgical model and a subsequent (one-way coupled) mechanical model, was numerically implemented using finite element methods. The thermal model includes a novel generalized solid-to-liquid heat transfer model that depends explicitly on the piece's characteristic size, the physical properties of the quenching fluid, and quenching process parameters. The resulting numerical tool is experimentally validated by comparison with the final microstructure and hardness distributions obtained on automotive spindles subjected to two different industrial quenching processes: (i) a batch-type quenching process with a soaking air-furnace stage prior to the quenching, and (ii) a direct quenching process where the pieces are submerged directly in the liquid just after forging. The complete model retains accurately, at a reduced computational cost, the main features of the different heat transfer mechanisms, with deviations in the temperature evolution and final microstructure lower than 7.5% and 12%, respectively. In the framework of the increasing relevance of digital twins in industry, this model is a useful tool not only to predict the final properties of quenched industrial pieces but also to redesign and optimize the quenching process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Coroas
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada II, Escuela de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación, Campus Marcosende, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Iván Viéitez
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada II, Escuela de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación, Campus Marcosende, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Elena Martín
- Instituto de Física y Ciencias Aeroespaciales, Campus Ourense IFCAE, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Manuel Román
- CIE-Galfor Company, P.I. San Cibrao das Viñas, Calle 2, 3, 32901 Ourense, Spain
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Hu S, Zhang H, Yang Y, Wang W, Zhou W, Shen X, Liu C. Reductive Sequestration of Cr(VI) and Immobilization of C during the Microbially Mediated Transformation of Ferrihydrite-Cr(VI)-Fulvic Acid Coprecipitates. Environ Sci Technol 2023. [PMID: 37216216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cr(VI) detoxification and organic matter (OM) stabilization are usually influenced by the biological transformation of iron (Fe) minerals; however, the underlying mechanisms of metal-reducing bacteria on the coupled kinetics of Fe minerals, Cr, and OM remain unclear. Here, the reductive sequestration of Cr(VI) and immobilization of fulvic acid (FA) during the microbially mediated phase transformation of ferrihydrite with varying Cr/Fe ratios were investigated. No phase transformation occurred until Cr(VI) was completely reduced, and the ferrihydrite transformation rate decreased as the Cr/Fe ratio increased. Microscopic analysis was uncovered, which revealed that the resulting Cr(III) was incorporated into the lattice structure of magnetite and goethite, whereas OM was mainly adsorbed on goethite and magnetite surfaces and located within pore spaces. Fine line scan profiles showed that OM adsorbed on the Fe mineral surface had a lower oxidation state than that within nanopores, and C adsorbed on the magnetite surface had the highest oxidation state. During reductive transformation, the immobilization of FA by Fe minerals was predominantly via surface complexation, and OM with highly aromatic and unsaturated structures and low H/C ratios was easily adsorbed by Fe minerals or decomposed by bacteria, whereas Cr/Fe ratios had little effect on the binding of Fe minerals and OM and the variations in OM components. Owing to the inhibition of crystalline Fe minerals and nanopore formation in the presence of Cr, Cr sequestration and C immobilization can be synchronously favored at low Cr/Fe ratios. These findings provide a profound theoretical basis for Cr detoxification and synchronous sequestration of Cr and C in anoxic soils and sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Hu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Yang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Institute of Geography, Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Shen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongxuan Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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Sundeev R, Shalimova A, Rogachev S, Chernogorova O, Glezer A, Ovcharov A, Karateev I, Tabachkova N. Structural Aspects of the Formation of Multilayer Composites from Dissimilar Materials upon High-Pressure Torsion. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16103849. [PMID: 37241476 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A multi-metal composite was consolidated from the Ti50Ni25Cu25 and Fe50Ni33B17 alloys by room-temperature high-pressure torsion (HPT). The structural research methods used in this study were X-ray diffractometry, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with an electron microprobe analyzer in the mode of backscattered electrons, and the measurement of indentation hardness and modulus of the composite constituents. The structural aspects of the bonding process have been examined. The method of joining materials using their coupled severe plastic deformation has been established to play a leading role in the consolidation of the dissimilar layers upon HPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sundeev
- Department of Nanoelectronics, MIREA-Russian Technological University, Vernadskogo Prospect, 78, 119454 Moscow, Russia
- I.P. Bardin Science Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy, Radio Street, 22/9, 105005 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physical Metallurgy and Physics of Strength, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Leninski Prospect, 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Shalimova
- I.P. Bardin Science Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy, Radio Street, 22/9, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Rogachev
- Department of Physical Metallurgy and Physics of Strength, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Leninski Prospect, 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS, Leninski Prospect, 49, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Chernogorova
- Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science RAS, Leninski Prospect, 49, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Glezer
- I.P. Bardin Science Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy, Radio Street, 22/9, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Ovcharov
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Akademika Kurchatova Square, 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Karateev
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Akademika Kurchatova Square, 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Tabachkova
- Department of Physical Metallurgy and Physics of Strength, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Leninski Prospect, 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
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45
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Zheng S, Zhang B, Liu X, Chen Z, Huang Z, Yin J. β→α Phase Transformation and Properties of Solid-State-Sintered SiC Ceramics with TaC Addition. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16103787. [PMID: 37241413 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dense SiC-based composite ceramics were fabricated by means of the ex situ addition of TaC using solid-state spark plasma sintering (SPS). Commercially available β-SiC and TaC powders were chosen as raw materials. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis was conducted to investigate the grain boundary mapping of SiC-TaC composite ceramics. With the increase in TaC, the misorientation angles of the α-SiC phase shifted to a relatively small range. It was deduced that the ex situ pinning stress from TaC greatly suppressed the growth of α-SiC grains. The low β→α transformability of the specimen with the composition of SiC-20 vol.% TaC (ST-4) implied that a possible microstructure of newly nucleated α-SiC embedded within metastable β-SiC grains, which could have been responsible for the improvement in strength and fracture toughness. The as-sintered SiC-20 vol.% TaC (ST-4) composite ceramic had a relative density of 98.0%, a bending strength of 708.8 ± 28.7 MPa, a fracture toughness of 8.3 ± 0.8 MPa·m1/2, an elastic modulus of 384.9 ± 28.3 GPa and a Vickers hardness of 17.5 ± 0.4 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Buhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Xuejian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zhongming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zhengren Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Jie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
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46
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Yuan T, Yan J, Zhang Q, Su Y, Xie S, Lu B, Huang J, Ouyang X. Unveiling the Nature of Ultrastable Potassium Storage in Bi 0.48Sb 1.52Se 3 Composite. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37184205 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The conversion and alloying-type anodes for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have drawn attention. However, it is still a challenge to relieve the huge volume expansion/electrode pulverization. Herein, we synthesized a composite material comprising Bi0.48Sb1.52Se3 nanoparticles uniformly dispersed in carbon nanofibers (Bi0.48Sb1.52Se3@C). Benefiting from the synergistic effects of the high electronic conductivity of Bi0.48Sb1.52Se3 and the mechanical confinement of the carbon fiber that buffers the large chemomechanical stress, the Bi0.48Sb1.52Se3@C//K half cells deliver a high reversible capacity (491.4 mAh g-1, 100 cycles at 100 mA g-1) and an extraordinary cyclability (80% capacity retention, 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g-1). Furthermore, the Bi0.48Sb1.52Se3@C-based PIB full cells achieve a high energy density of 230 Wh kg-1. In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals an intercalation, conversion, and alloying three-step reaction mechanism and a reversible amorphous transient phase. More impressively, the nanofiber electrode can almost return to its original diameter after the potassiation and depotassiation reaction, indicating a highly reversible volume change process, which is distinct from the other conversion type electrodes. This work reveals the stable potassium storage mechanisms of Bi0.48Sb1.52Se3@C composite material, which provides an effective strategy to enable conversion/alloying-type anodes for high performance PIBs for energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Jitong Yan
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Su
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingan Lu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China
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47
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Marino E, Rosen DJ, Yang S, Tsai EHR, Murray CB. Temperature-Controlled Reversible Formation and Phase Transformation of 3D Nanocrystal Superlattices Through In Situ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. Nano Lett 2023; 23:4250-4257. [PMID: 37184728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
For decades, the spontaneous organization of nanocrystals into superlattices has captivated the scientific community. However, achieving direct control over the formation of the superlattice and its phase transformations has proven to be a grand challenge, often resulting in the generation of multiple symmetries under the same experimental conditions. Here, we achieve direct control over the formation of the superlattice and its phase transformations by modulating the thermal energy of a nanocrystal dispersion without relying on solvent evaporation. We follow the temperature-dependent dynamics of the self-assembly process using synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering. When cooled below -24.5 °C, lead sulfide nanocrystals form micrometer-sized three-dimensional phase-pure body-centered cubic superlattices. When cooled below -35.1 °C, these superlattices undergo a collective diffusionless phase transformation that yields denser body-centered tetragonal phases. These structural changes can be reversed by increasing the temperature of the dispersion and may lead to the direct modulation of the optical properties of these artificial solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennslvania 19104 United States
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniel J Rosen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 United States
| | - Shengsong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennslvania 19104 United States
| | - Esther H R Tsai
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 735, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennslvania 19104 United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 United States
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48
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Abdelmomen I, Vincent M, Thiebaud F, Budzinski J, Bastogne T, Ben Zineb T, Engels-Deutsch M. Experimental Analysis of the Influence of Heat Treatments on the Flexibility of NiTi Alloy for Endodontic Instruments Manufacturing. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16093437. [PMID: 37176319 PMCID: PMC10180458 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The flexibility of NiTi based endodontic files is improved by heat treatment, leading to lower risk of failure, ledges, and canal transportation during the preparation of curved root canals. The aim of this study is to investigate and clearly highlight the influence of every parameter of heat treatment on the flexibility of NiTi wires and thus of endodontic instruments. A full factorial Design of Experiment (DoE) and a designed bending-torsion bench following the ISO 3630-1 standard were used for this investigation. Temperature, holding time, and cooling method were selected as contributing factors, while maximum bending moment, hysteresis size, and stiffness during martensitic transformation were selected as outputs. Regression analysis was performed to estimate the relationship between contributing and output variables to assess how the experimentation fits with the model. The experimental results showed that wires heated at 425 °C for 30 min are more flexible. Moreover, heat treatment temperature is the most critical factor influencing the flexibility and hysteresis size of the NiTi wire followed by the holding time, while the cooling method has a negligible effect. The regression analysis showed that the model is effective at predicting the relationship between contributing factors, bending moment response, and hysteresis size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marin Vincent
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LEM3, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Faculté d'Odontologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Thierry Bastogne
- CYBERnano, F-54505 Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Marc Engels-Deutsch
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LEM3, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Faculté d'Odontologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
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49
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Ghafari R, Jahangiri A, Shayanfar A, Emami S. Solid-state characterization of ibuprofen-isonicotinamide cocrystals prepared by electrospraying and solvent evaporation. Ther Deliv 2023; 14:121-138. [PMID: 37098684 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2022-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Electrospraying (ELS) was used to prepare micronized ibuprofen-isonicotinamide cocrystal (IBU-INA-ELS) and its properties were compared with the solvent evaporated cocrystal (IBU-INA-SE). Methods: Solid-state characterization of crystalline phase, production yield, particle size, powder flow, wettability, solution mediated phase transformation (SMPT), and dissolution rate were measured. Results: The ELS produced phase pure particles of IBU-INA with a size of 1.46 μm and yield of 72.3%. This cocrystal improved the intrinsic dissolution rate and powder dissolution rate of IBU by 3.6- and 1.7-fold, respectively. Our experiments showed that the dissolution of IBU-INA was affected by particle size, solubility, SMPT and wettability. Conclusion: ELS produced micronized cocrystals for improving dissolution of ibuprofen with a high yield in a single step and mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghafari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Azin Jahangiri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Shayanfar
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Emami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Lv Y, Cheng H, Geng Z, Li W. Oxidation Behavior of (Mo,Hf)Si 2-Al 2O 3 Coating on Mo-Based Alloy at Elevated Temperature. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:3215. [PMID: 37110050 PMCID: PMC10147001 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To improve the oxidation resistance of Mo-based alloys, a novel (Mo,Hf)Si2-Al2O3 composite coating was fabricated on a Mo-based alloy by the method of slurry sintering. The isothermal oxidation behavior of the coating was evaluated at 1400 °C. The microstructure evolution and phase composition of the coating before and after oxidation exposure were characterized. The anti-oxidant mechanism for the good performance of the composite coating during high-temperature oxidation was discussed. The coating had a double-layer structure consisting of a MoSi2 inner layer and a (Mo,Hf)Si2-Al2O3 outer composite layer. The composite coating could offer more than 40 h of oxidation-resistant protection at 1400 °C for the Mo-based alloy, and the final weight gain rate was only 6.03 mg/cm2 after oxidation. A SiO2-based oxide scale embedded with Al2O3, HfO2, mullite, and HfSiO4 was formed on the surface of the composite coating during oxidation. The composite oxide scale exhibited high thermal stability, low oxygen permeability, and enhanced thermal mismatch between oxide and coating layers, thus improving the oxidation resistance of the coating.
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