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Biswas A, Xu R, Christiansen-Salameh J, Jeong E, Alvarez GA, Li C, Puthirath AB, Gao B, Garg A, Gray T, Kannan H, Zhang X, Elkins J, Pieshkov TS, Vajtai R, Birdwell AG, Neupane MR, Pate BB, Ivanov T, Garratt EJ, Dai P, Zhu H, Tian Z, Ajayan PM. Phase Stability of Hexagonal/Cubic Boron Nitride Nanocomposites. Nano Lett 2023; 23:6927-6936. [PMID: 37489836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Boron nitride (BN) is an exceptional material, and among its polymorphs, two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal and three-dimensional (3D) cubic BN (h-BN and c-BN) phases are most common. The phase stability regimes of these BN phases are still under debate, and phase transformations of h-BN/c-BN remain a topic of interest. Here, we investigate the phase stability of 2D/3D h-BN/c-BN nanocomposites and show that the coexistence of two phases can lead to strong nonlinear optical properties and low thermal conductivity at room temperature. Furthermore, spark-plasma sintering of the nanocomposite shows complete phase transformation to 2D h-BN with improved crystalline quality, where 3D c-BN possibly governs the nucleation and growth kinetics. Our demonstration might be insightful in phase engineering of BN polymorph-based nanocomposites with desirable properties for optoelectronics and thermal energy management applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Biswas
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Joyce Christiansen-Salameh
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Eugene Jeong
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Gustavo A Alvarez
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Anand B Puthirath
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Arushi Garg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Tia Gray
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Harikishan Kannan
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jacob Elkins
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Tymofii S Pieshkov
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Robert Vajtai
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - A Glen Birdwell
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, RF Devices and Circuits, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Mahesh R Neupane
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, RF Devices and Circuits, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Bradford B Pate
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Tony Ivanov
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, RF Devices and Circuits, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Elias J Garratt
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, RF Devices and Circuits, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Pengcheng Dai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Hanyu Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Zhiting Tian
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Kumar S, Damle VH, Bendikov T, Itzhak A, Elbaum M, Rechav K, Houben L, Tischler Y, Cahen D. Topotactic, Vapor-Phase, In Situ Monitored Formation of Ultrathin, Phase-Pure 2D-on-3D Halide Perovskite Surfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:23908-23921. [PMID: 37133217 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites, HaPs, can provide chemical stability to three-dimensional (3D) HaP surfaces, protecting them from exposure to ambient species and from reacting with contacting layers. Both actions occur with 2D HaPs, with the general stoichiometry R2PbI4 (R: long or bulky organic amine) covering the 3D ones. Adding such covering films can also boost power conversion efficiencies of photovoltaic cells by passivating surface/interface trap states. For maximum benefit, we need conformal ultrathin and phase-pure (n = 1) 2D layers to enable efficient tunneling of photogenerated charge carriers through the 2D film barrier. Conformal coverage of ultrathin (<10 nm) R2PbI4 layers on 3D perovskites is challenging with spin coating; even more so is its upscaling for larger-area devices. We report on vapor-phase cation exchange of the 3D surface with the R2PbI4 molecules and real-time in situ growth monitoring by photoluminescence (PL) to determine limits for forming ultrathin 2D layers. We characterize the 2D growth stages, following the changing PL intensity-time profiles, by combining structural, optical, morphological, and compositional characterizations. Moreover, from quantitative X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis on 2D/3D bilayer films, we estimate the smallest width of a 2D cover that we can grow to be <5 nm, roughly the limit for efficient tunneling through a (semi)conjugated organic barrier. We also find that, besides protecting the 3D against ambient humidity-induced degradation, the ultrathin 2D-on-3D film also aids self-repair following photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Kumar
- Dept. of Mol. Chem. & Mater. Science, Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Inst. for Adv. Mater. & Nanotech. & Dept. of Chem., Bar-Ilan Univ., Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Vinayaka H Damle
- Bar-Ilan Inst. for Adv. Mater. & Nanotech. & Dept. of Chem., Bar-Ilan Univ., Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Tatyana Bendikov
- Dept. of Chem. Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Anat Itzhak
- Bar-Ilan Inst. for Adv. Mater. & Nanotech. & Dept. of Chem., Bar-Ilan Univ., Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Michael Elbaum
- Dept. of Chem. Biol. Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Katya Rechav
- Dept. of Chem. Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Lothar Houben
- Dept. of Chem. Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yaakov Tischler
- Bar-Ilan Inst. for Adv. Mater. & Nanotech. & Dept. of Chem., Bar-Ilan Univ., Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - David Cahen
- Dept. of Mol. Chem. & Mater. Science, Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Inst. for Adv. Mater. & Nanotech. & Dept. of Chem., Bar-Ilan Univ., Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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Wang Q, Zhang J, Xiong Y, Li S, Chernysh V, Liu X. Atomic-Scale Surface Engineering for Giant Thermal Transport Enhancement Across 2D/3D van der Waals Interfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:3377-3386. [PMID: 36608269 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heat dissipation in two-dimensional (2D) material-based electronic devices is a critical issue for their applications. The bottleneck for this thermal issue is inefficient for heat removal across the van der Waals (vdW) interface between the 2D material and its supporting three-dimensional (3D) substrate. In this work, we demonstrate that an atomic-scale thin amorphous layer atop the substrate surface can remarkably enhance the interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) of the 2D-MoS2/3D-GaN vdW interface by a factor of 4 compared to that of the untreated crystalline substrate surface. Meanwhile, the ITC can be broadly manipulated through adjusting substrate surface roughness. Phonon dynamic and heat flux spectrum analyses show that this giant enhancement is attributed to the increased phonon densities and channels at the interfaces and enhanced phonon coupling. The slight surface fluctuation in MoS2 and the increased diffuse interfacial scattering facilitate energy transfer from MoS2's in-plane phonons to its out-of-plane phonons and then to the substrate. In addition, it is further found that the substrate and its surface topology can dramatically influence the thermal conductivity of MoS2 due to the reduction of phonon relaxation time, especially for low-frequency acoustic phonons. This study elucidates the effects of the amorphous surface of the substrate on thermal transport across 2D/3D vdW interfaces and provides a new dimension to aid in the heat dissipation of 2D-based electronic devices via atomic-scale surface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjie Wang
- Institute of Micro/Nano Electromechanical System, College of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Yucheng Xiong
- Institute of Micro/Nano Electromechanical System, College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Shouhang Li
- Institute of Micro/Nano Electromechanical System, College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
| | - Vladimir Chernysh
- Department of Physical Electronics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow119991, Russia
| | - Xiangjun Liu
- Institute of Micro/Nano Electromechanical System, College of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai201620, China
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Wang T, Loi H, Cao J, Qin Z, Guan Z, Xu Y, Cheng H, Li MG, Lee C, Lu X, Yan F. High Open Circuit Voltage Over 1 V Achieved in Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with a 2D/3D Vertical Heterojunction. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2200242. [PMID: 35460202 PMCID: PMC9218751 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2D-3D mixed tin halide perovskites are outstanding candidate materials for lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their improved stability and decreased trap density in comparison with their pure 3D counterparts. However, the mixture of multiple phases may lead to poor charge transfer across the films and limit the device efficiency. Here, a stacked quasi-2D (down)-3D (top) double-layered structure in perovskite films prepared via vacuum treatment is demonstrated, which can result in a planar bilayer heterojunction. In addition, it is found that the introduction of guanidinium thiocyanate (GuaSCN) additive can improve the crystallinity and carrier mobility in the 2D perovskite layer and passivate defects in the whole film, leading to a long carrier lifetime (>140 ns) in photoluminescence measurements. As a result, the PSCs show a high open circuit voltage (VOC ) up to 1.01 V with a voltage loss of only 0.39 V, which represents the record values ever reported for tin-based PSCs. The champion device exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.79% with decent stability, retaining 90% of the initial PCE for 1200 h storage in N2 -filled glovebox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue Wang
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Hok‐Leung Loi
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Jiupeng Cao
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Zhaotong Qin
- Department of PhysicsThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Guan
- Center of Super‐Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF)Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Division of Integrative Systems and DesignDepartment of Electronic and Computer EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Cheng
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Mitch Guijun Li
- Division of Integrative Systems and DesignDepartment of Electronic and Computer EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Chun‐Sing Lee
- Center of Super‐Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF)Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of PhysicsThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
- Research Institute of Intelligent Wearable SystemsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong999077P. R. China
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Zhang JY, Shen ZH, Wang BP, Liu F, Li J. Influence of 3D laparoscopic surgery on surgeon's visual pattern and mental workload. J Med Eng Technol 2021; 45:375-379. [PMID: 33843431 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2021.1907466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have found that surgeons perform better in three-dimensional (3D) surgery than in two-dimensional (2D) surgery. However, no comparative studies have revealed the impact of 3D laparoscopic surgery on the surgeon's vision. To explore the effect of laparoscopic surgeons' depth perception during 3D laparoscopic surgery, 10 participants were recruited and performed 4 sets comparative simulated laparoscopic procedures in a virtual simulator, and eye movement signals were acquired, which were used to characteristics the visual differences. Fixation rate and saccade speed were used to characterise the influence of moderating variables for visual characteristics. The results from the data showed significant differences in eye movement behaviour. Compared with 2D laparoscopic surgery, surgeons have more average fixation rate (p-values = 0.001, 0.000, 0.003 and 0.015, respectively) and faster saccade speed (p-values = 0.037, 0.003, 0.073 and 0.105, respectively) in 3D laparoscopic surgery. The results of this study showed that surgeons had more efficient visual search in 3D laparoscopic surgery. At the same time, the results also indicated that surgeon's mental workload in 3D laparoscopic surgery was low. The relevant conclusions of this paper revealed the advantages of 3D laparoscopic surgery through visual efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yang Zhang
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, P. R. China.,Department of Medical Engineering, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hao Shen
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Ping Wang
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, P. R. China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, P. R. China
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Ehnert S, Rinderknecht H, Aspera-Werz RH, Häussling V, Nussler AK. Use of in vitro bone models to screen for altered bone metabolism, osteopathies, and fracture healing: challenges of complex models. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3937-58. [PMID: 32910238 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Approx. every third hospitalized patient in Europe suffers from musculoskeletal injuries or diseases. Up to 20% of these patients need costly surgical revisions after delayed or impaired fracture healing. Reasons for this are the severity of the trauma, individual factors, e.g, the patients’ age, individual lifestyle, chronic diseases, medication, and, over 70 diseases that negatively affect the bone quality. To investigate the various disease constellations and/or develop new treatment strategies, many in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro models can be applied. Analyzing these various models more closely, it is obvious that many of them have limits and/or restrictions. Undoubtedly, in vivo models most completely represent the biological situation. Besides possible species-specific differences, ethical concerns may question the use of in vivo models especially for large screening approaches. Challenging whether ex vivo or in vitro bone models can be used as an adequate replacement for such screenings, we here summarize the advantages and challenges of frequently used ex vivo and in vitro bone models to study disturbed bone metabolism and fracture healing. Using own examples, we discuss the common challenge of cell-specific normalization of data obtained from more complex in vitro models as one example of the analytical limits which lower the full potential of these complex model systems.
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Warby JH, Wenger B, Ramadan AJ, Oliver RDJ, Sansom HC, Marshall AR, Snaith HJ. Revealing Factors Influencing the Operational Stability of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS Nano 2020; 14:8855-8865. [PMID: 32574037 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) made from metal halide perovskites have demonstrated external electroluminescent quantum efficiencies (EQEEL) in excess of 20%. However, their poor operational stability, resulting in lifetimes of only tens to hundreds of hours, needs to be dramatically improved prior to commercial use. There is little consensus in the community upon which factors limit the stability of these devices. Here, we investigate the role played by ammonium cations on the operational stability. We vary the amount of phenylethylammonium bromide, a widely used alkylammonium salt, that we add to a precursor solution of CsPbBr3 and track changes in stability and EQEEL. We find that while phenylethylammonium bromide is beneficial in achieving high efficiency, it is highly detrimental to operational stability. We investigate material properties and electronic characteristics before and after degradation and find that both a reduction in the radiative efficiency of the emitter and significant changes in current-voltage characteristics explain the orders of magnitude drop in the EQEEL, which we attribute to increased ionic mobility. Our results suggest that engineering new contacts and further investigation into materials with lower ionic mobility should yield much improved stability of perovskite LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Warby
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Bernard Wenger
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Alexandra J Ramadan
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Robert D J Oliver
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Harry C Sansom
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Ashley R Marshall
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, U.K
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Ye F, Zhang H, Wang P, Li W, Li D, Du B, Liu D, Wang T. Methylammonium-Mediated Crystallization of Cesium-Based 2D/3D Perovskites toward High-Efficiency Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:43452-43459. [PMID: 31659892 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) perovskites have been successfully applied in high-efficiency light-emitting diodes (LEDs) because of their large exciton binding energy (Eb) caused by the quantum and dielectric confinements. Thermal annealing and antisolvent treatments are usually executed in order to promote the crystallization and film quality of perovskites, which add complexity to the device fabrication process. Here, the cesium-based 2D/3D perovskite was prepared by introducing ammonium halide benzamidine hydrochloride (BMCl) as the additive. By further introducing an appropriate amount of MABr and PbBr2, BM2(Cs1-xMAxPbBr3)n-1PbBr4 crystals can be formed rapidly without any additional treatments, while inhibiting the formation of the unfavorable Cs4PbBr6 phase. The optimized 2D/3D perovskite-based LEDs achieved a maximum luminance of 12 367 Cd/m2, a current efficiency of 17.4 Cd/A, and an external quantum efficiency of 5.2%. Our results suggest that appropriate perovskite crystallization can be achieved at room temperature by the regulation of precursor solution, making the perovskite crystallization process easier to control with reduced processing complexity.
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Xu H, Brown S, Chetty IJ, Wen N. A Systematic Analysis of Errors in Target Localization and Treatment Delivery for Stereotactic Radiosurgery Using 2D/3D Image Registration. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2016; 16:321-331. [PMID: 27582369 DOI: 10.1177/1533034616664425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the localization uncertainties associated with 2-dimensional/3-dimensional image registration in comparison to 3-dimensional/3-dimensional image registration in 6 dimensions on a Varian Edge Linac under various imaging conditions. METHODS The systematic errors in 6 dimensions were assessed by comparing automatic 2-dimensional/3-dimensional (kV/MV vs computed tomography) with 3-dimensional/3-dimensional (cone beam computed tomography vs computed tomography) image registrations under various conditions encountered in clinical applications. The 2-dimensional/3-dimensional image registration uncertainties for 88 patients with different treatment sites including intracranial and extracranial were evaluated by statistically analyzing 2-dimensional/3-dimensional pretreatment verification shifts of 192 fractions in stereotactic radiosurgery and stereotactic body radiotherapy. RESULTS The systematic errors of 2-dimensional/3-dimensional image registration using kV-kV, MV-kV, and MV-MV image pairs were within 0.3 mm and 0.3° for the translational and rotational directions within a 95% confidence interval. No significant difference ( P > .05) in target localization was observed with various computed tomography slice thicknesses (0.8, 1, 2, and 3 mm). Two-dimensional/3-dimensional registration had the best accuracy when pattern intensity and content filter were used. For intracranial sites, means ± standard deviations of translational errors were -0.20 ± 0.70 mm, 0.04 ± 0.50 mm, and 0.10 ± 0.40 mm for the longitudinal, lateral, and vertical directions, respectively. For extracranial sites, means ± standard deviations of translational errors were -0.04 ± 1.00 mm, 0.2 ± 1.0 mm, and 0.1 ± 1.0 mm for the longitudinal, lateral, and vertical directions, respectively. Two-dimensional/3-dimensional image registration for intracranial and extracranial sites had comparable systematic errors that were approximately 0.2 mm in the translational direction and 0.08° in the rotational direction. CONCLUSION The standard 2-dimensional/3-dimensional image registration tool available on the Varian Edge radiosurgery device, a state-of-the-art system, is helpful for robust and accurate target positioning for image-guided stereotactic radiosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- 1 Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Stephen Brown
- 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Indrin J Chetty
- 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ning Wen
- 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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