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Mao S, Li S, Zhang Y, Long L, Peng J, Cao Y, Mao JZ, Qi X, Xin Q, San G, Ding J, Jiang J, Bai X, Wang Q, Xu P, Xia H, Lu L, Xie L, Kong D, Zhu S, Xu W. A highly efficient needle-free-injection delivery system for mRNA-LNP vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. NANO TODAY 2023; 48:101730. [PMID: 36570700 PMCID: PMC9767897 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2022.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the various vaccines that have been developed to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the persistent and unpredictable mutations of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) require innovative and unremitting solutions to cope with the resultant immune evasion and establish a sustainable immune barrier. Here we introduce a vaccine-delivery system with a combination of a needle-free injection (NFI) device and a SARS-CoV-2-Spike-specific mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine. The benefits are duller pain and a significant increase of immunogenicity compared to the canonical needle injection (NI). From physicochemical and bioactivity analyses, the structure of the mRNA-LNP maintains stability upon NFI, contradictory to the belief that LNPs are inclined towards destruction under the high-pressure conditions of NFI. Moreover, mRNA-LNP vaccine delivered by NFI induces significantly more binding and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants than the same vaccine delivered by NI. Heterogeneous vaccination of BA.5-LNP vaccine with NFI enhanced the generation of neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.5 variants in rabbits previously vaccinated with non-BA.5-specific mRNA-LNP or other COVID-19 vaccines. NFI parameters can be adjusted to deliver mRNA-LNP subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Taken together, our results suggest that NFI-based mRNA-LNP vaccination is an effective substitute for the traditional NI-based mRNA-LNP vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhong Mao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shiyou Li
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc, Beijing 100176, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Beijing QS Medical Technology Co.,Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Luoxin Long
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Junfeng Peng
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc, Beijing 100176, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Yuanyan Cao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jessica Z Mao
- School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xin Qi
- Beijing QS Medical Technology Co.,Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Qi Xin
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc, Beijing 100176, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Guoliang San
- Beijing QS Medical Technology Co.,Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Beijing QS Medical Technology Co.,Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc, Beijing 100176, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Xuejiao Bai
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc, Beijing 100176, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Qianting Wang
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc, Beijing 100176, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc, Beijing 100176, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Huan Xia
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc, Beijing 100176, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Lijun Lu
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc, Beijing 100176, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Liangzhi Xie
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Desheng Kong
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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A Global View to HBV Chronic Infection: Evolving Strategies for Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention in Immunocompetent Individuals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183307. [PMID: 31505743 PMCID: PMC6766235 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a significant public health challenge. Around 250 million people live with chronic HBV infection. With a global approach to this issue, we focus on new perspective in diagnosis, management and prevention of HBV chronic infection. Precise diagnosis of HBV status is crucial to guide patient management. Although available drugs reduce the risk of liver disease progression, they are not able to definitely eradicate HBV, and new therapeutic options are urgently needed. Thus, prevention of HBV infection is still the most effective strategy to achieve the control of the disease. Key aspects of prevention programs include surveillance of viral hepatitis, screening programs and immunization strategies. In spite of the high success rate of licensed HBV vaccines, a need for improved vaccine persists, especially in order to provide coverage of current non-responders.
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Lebre F, Pedroso de Lima MC, Lavelle EC, Borges O. Mechanistic study of the adjuvant effect of chitosan-aluminum nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2018; 552:7-15. [PMID: 30244149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The use of tailored particle-based adjuvants constitutes a promising way to enhance antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. However, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying their adjuvanticity is crucial to generate more effective vaccines. We studied the ability of chitosan-aluminum nanoparticles (CH-Al NPs), which combine the immunostimulatory effects of chitosan and aluminum salts, to promote dendritic cell activation, assess their impact on innate and adaptive immune responses, and compare the results to those reported for conventional chitosan particles (CH-Na NPs). All tested CH-NP formulations were capable of modulating cytokine secretion by dendritic cells. CH-Al NPs promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation, enhancing the release of IL-1β without significantly inhibiting Th1 and Th17 cell-polarizing cytokines, IL-12p70 or IL-23, and induced DC maturation, but did not promote pro-inflammatory cytokine production on their own. In vivo results showed that mice injected with CH-Al NPs generated a local inflammatory response comparable to that elicited by the vaccine adjuvant alum. Importantly, after subcutaneous immunization with CH-Al NPs combined with the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), mice developed antigen-specific IgG titers in serum, nasal and vaginal washes. Overall, our results established CH-Al NPs as a potential adjuvant to enhance both innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lebre
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland; Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - M C Pedroso de Lima
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland; Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - O Borges
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Jesus S, Fragal EH, Rubira AF, Muniz EC, Valente AJM, Borges O. The Inclusion of Chitosan in Poly-ε-caprolactone Nanoparticles: Impact on the Delivery System Characteristics and on the Adsorbed Ovalbumin Secondary Structure. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:101-113. [PMID: 28612189 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This report extensively explores the benefits of including chitosan into poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles (NPs) to obtain an improved protein/antigen delivery system. Blend NPs (PCL/chitosan NPs) showed improved protein adsorption efficacy (84%) in low shear stress and aqueous environment, suggesting that a synergistic effect between PCL hydrophobic nature and the positive charges of chitosan present at the particle surface was responsible for protein interaction. Additionally, thermal analysis suggested the blend NPs were more stable than the isolated polymers and cytotoxicity assays in a primary cell culture revealed chitosan inclusion in PCL NPs reduced the toxicity of the delivery system. A quantitative 6-month stability study showed that the inclusion of chitosan in PCL NPs did not induce a change in adsorbed ovalbumin (OVA) secondary structure characterized by the increase in the unordered conformation (random coil), as it was observed for OVA adsorbed to chitosan NPs. Additionally, the slight conformational changes occurred, are not expected to compromise ovalbumin secondary structure and activity, during a 6-month storage even at high temperatures (45°C). In simulated biological fluids, PCL/chitosan NPs showed an advantageous release profile for oral delivery. Overall, the combination of PCL and chitosan characteristics provide PCL/chitosan NPs valuable features particularly important to the development of vaccines for developing countries, where it is difficult to ensure cold chain transportation and non-parenteral formulations would be preferred.
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Fragoso G, Hernández M, Cervantes-Torres J, Ramírez-Aquino R, Chapula H, Villalobos N, Segura-Velázquez R, Figueroa A, Flores I, Jiménez H, Adalid L, Rosas G, Galvez L, Pezzat E, Monreal-Escalante E, Rosales-Mendoza S, Vazquez LG, Sciutto E. Transgenic papaya: a useful platform for oral vaccines. PLANTA 2017; 245:1037-1048. [PMID: 28194565 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic papaya callus lines expressing the components of the S3Pvac vaccine constitute a stable platform to produce an oral vaccine against cysticercosis caused by Taenia solium or T. crassiceps. The development of effective delivery systems to cope with the reduced immunogenicity of new subunit vaccines is a priority in vaccinology. Herein, experimental evidence supporting a papaya-based platform to produce needle-free, recombinant, highly immunogenic vaccines is shown. Papaya (Carica papaya) callus lines were previously engineered by particle bombardment to express the three protective peptides of the S3Pvac anti-cysticercosis vaccine (KETc7, KETc12, KETc1). Calli were propagated in vitro, and a stable integration and expression of the target genes has been maintained, as confirmed by PCR, qRT-PCR, and HPLC. These results point papaya calli as a suitable platform for long-term transgenic expression of the vaccine peptides. The previously demonstrated protective immunogenic efficacy of S3Pvac-papaya orally administered to mice is herein confirmed in a wider dose-range and formulated with different delivery vehicles, adequate for oral vaccination. This protection is accompanied by an increase in anti-S3Pvac antibody titers and a delayed hypersensitivity response against the vaccine. A significant increase in CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte proliferation was induced in vitro by each vaccine peptide in mice immunized with the lowest dose of S3Pvac papaya (0.56 ng of the three peptides in 0.1 µg of papaya callus total protein per mouse). In pigs, the obliged intermediate host for Taenia solium, S3Pvac papaya was also immunogenic when orally administered in a two-log dose range. Vaccinated pigs significantly increased anti-vaccine antibodies and mononuclear cell proliferation. Overall, the oral immunogenicity of this stable S3Pvac-papaya vaccine in mice and pigs, not requiring additional adjuvants, supports the interest in papaya callus as a useful platform for plant-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladis Fragoso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marisela Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jacquelynne Cervantes-Torres
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rubén Ramírez-Aquino
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2702, CP 72420, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Héctor Chapula
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nelly Villalobos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - René Segura-Velázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Figueroa
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, CP 39087, Chilpancingo, GRO, Mexico
| | - Iván Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, CP 62209, Cuernavaca, MOR, Mexico
| | - Herminio Jiménez
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2702, CP 72420, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Laura Adalid
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA, Colonia la Fama, Delegación Tlalpan, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rosas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, CP 62209, Cuernavaca, MOR, Mexico
| | - Luis Galvez
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2702, CP 72420, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Elias Pezzat
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2702, CP 72420, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Luis G Vazquez
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2702, CP 72420, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Ma L, Cai W, Sun M, Cun Y, Zhou J, Liu J, Hu W, Zhang X, Song S, Jiang S, Liao G. Analyzed immunogenicity of fractional doses of Sabin-inactivated poliovirus vaccine (sIPV) with intradermal delivery in rats. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:3125-3131. [PMID: 27558963 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1214347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The live-attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) will be no longer used when wild poliovirus (WPV) eliminating in worldwide, according to GPEI (the Global Polio Eradication Initiative) Reports. It is planning to replace OPV by Sabin-based inactivated poliovirus vaccine (sIPV) in developing countries, with purpose of reducing of the economic burden and maintaining of the appropriate antibody levels in population. It studied serial fractional doses immunized by intradermal injection (ID) in rats, to reduce consume of antigen and financial burden, maintaining sufficient immunogenicity; Methods: Study groups were divided in 4 groups of dose gradient, which were one-tenth (1/10), one-fifth (1/5), one-third (1/3) and one-full dose (1/1), according to the volume of distribution taken from the same batch of vaccine (sIPV). Wistar rats were injected intradermally with the needle and syringe sing the mantoux technique taken once month for 3 times. It was used as positive control that intramuscular inoculation (IM) was injected with one-full dose (1/1) with same batch of sIPV. PBS was used as negative control. Blood samples were collected via tail vein. After 30 d with 3 round of immunization, it analyzed the changes of neutralization antibody titers in the each group by each immunization program end; Results: The results of seroconversion had positive correlation with different doses in ID groups. The higher concentration of D-antigen (D-Ag) could conduct higher seroconversion. Furthermore, different types of viruses had different seroconversion trend. It showed that the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of each fractional-dose ID groups increased by higher concentration of D-Ag, and it got significant lower than the full-dose IM group. At 90th days of immunization, the GMTs for each poliovirus subtypes of fractional doses were almost higher than 1:8, implied that it could be meaning positive seroprotection titer for polio vaccine types, according to WHO suggestion; Conclusions: The fractional dose with one-fifth (1/5) could be used by intradermal injection to prevent poliovirus infection, if there were more human clinical detail research consistent with this findings in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- a The Fifth Department of Biological Products , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , Yunnan Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cai
- a The Fifth Department of Biological Products , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , Yunnan Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Mingbo Sun
- a The Fifth Department of Biological Products , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , Yunnan Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Yina Cun
- a The Fifth Department of Biological Products , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , Yunnan Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- a The Fifth Department of Biological Products , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , Yunnan Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- a The Fifth Department of Biological Products , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , Yunnan Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhu Hu
- a The Fifth Department of Biological Products , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , Yunnan Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- a The Fifth Department of Biological Products , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , Yunnan Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohui Song
- a The Fifth Department of Biological Products , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , Yunnan Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Shude Jiang
- a The Fifth Department of Biological Products , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , Yunnan Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyang Liao
- a The Fifth Department of Biological Products , Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , Yunnan Province , People's Republic of China
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Lebre F, Borchard G, Faneca H, Pedroso de Lima MC, Borges O. Intranasal Administration of Novel Chitosan Nanoparticle/DNA Complexes Induces Antibody Response to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Mice. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:472-82. [PMID: 26651533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The generation of strong pathogen-specific immune responses at mucosal surfaces where hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission can occur is still a major challenge. Therefore, new vaccines are urgently needed in order to overcome the limitations of existing parenteral ones. Recent studies show that this may be achieved by intranasal immunization. Chitosan has gained attention as a nonviral gene delivery system; however, its use in vivo is limited due to low transfection efficiency mostly related to strong interaction between the negatively charged DNA and the positively charged chitosan. We hypothesize that the adsorption of negatively charged human serum albumin (HSA) onto the surface of the chitosan particles would facilitate the intracellular release of DNA, enhancing transfection activity. Here, we demonstrate that a robust systemic immune response was induced after vaccination using HSA-loaded chitosan nanoparticle/DNA (HSA-CH NP/DNA) complexes. Furthermore, intranasal immunization with HSA-CH NP/DNA complexes induced HBV specific IgA in nasal and vaginal secretions; no systemic or mucosal responses were detected after immunization with DNA alone. Overall, our results show that chitosan-based DNA complexes elicited both humoral and mucosal immune response, making them an interesting and valuable gene delivery system for nasal vaccination against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lebre
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , 3004-0504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra , Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G Borchard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne , Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H Faneca
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , 3004-0504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M C Pedroso de Lima
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , 3004-0504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra , 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - O Borges
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , 3004-0504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra , Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Kumru OS, Joshi SB, Smith DE, Middaugh CR, Prusik T, Volkin DB. Vaccine instability in the cold chain: mechanisms, analysis and formulation strategies. Biologicals 2014; 42:237-59. [PMID: 24996452 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Instability of vaccines often emerges as a key challenge during clinical development (lab to clinic) as well as commercial distribution (factory to patient). To yield stable, efficacious vaccine dosage forms for human use, successful formulation strategies must address a combination of interrelated topics including stabilization of antigens, selection of appropriate adjuvants, and development of stability-indicating analytical methods. This review covers key concepts in understanding the causes and mechanisms of vaccine instability including (1) the complex and delicate nature of antigen structures (e.g., viruses, proteins, carbohydrates, protein-carbohydrate conjugates, etc.), (2) use of adjuvants to further enhance immune responses, (3) development of physicochemical and biological assays to assess vaccine integrity and potency, and (4) stabilization strategies to protect vaccine antigens and adjuvants (and their interactions) during storage. Despite these challenges, vaccines can usually be sufficiently stabilized for use as medicines through a combination of formulation approaches combined with maintenance of an efficient cold chain (manufacturing, distribution, storage and administration). Several illustrative case studies are described regarding mechanisms of vaccine instability along with formulation approaches for stabilization within the vaccine cold chain. These include live, attenuated (measles, polio) and inactivated (influenza, polio) viral vaccines as well as recombinant protein (hepatitis B) vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan S Kumru
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Dawn E Smith
- Temptime Corporation, Morris Plains, NJ 07950, USA
| | - C Russell Middaugh
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Ted Prusik
- Temptime Corporation, Morris Plains, NJ 07950, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
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9
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Kwon KC, Verma D, Singh ND, Herzog R, Daniell H. Oral delivery of human biopharmaceuticals, autoantigens and vaccine antigens bioencapsulated in plant cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:782-99. [PMID: 23099275 PMCID: PMC3582797 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among 12billion injections administered annually, unsafe delivery leads to >20million infections and >100million reactions. In an emerging new concept, freeze-dried plant cells (lettuce) expressing vaccine antigens/biopharmaceuticals are protected in the stomach from acids/enzymes but are released to the immune or blood circulatory system when plant cell walls are digested by microbes that colonize the gut. Vaccine antigens bioencapsulated in plant cells upon oral delivery after priming, conferred both mucosal and systemic immunity and protection against bacterial, viral or protozoan pathogens or toxin challenge. Oral delivery of autoantigens was effective against complications of type 1 diabetes and hemophilia, by developing tolerance. Oral delivery of proinsulin or exendin-4 expressed in plant cells regulated blood glucose levels similar to injections. Therefore, this new platform offers a low cost alternative to deliver different therapeutic proteins to combat infectious or inherited diseases by eliminating inactivated pathogens, expensive purification, cold storage/transportation and sterile injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Chul Kwon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Biomolecular Science Building, Orlando, FL 32816-2364, USA
| | - Dheeraj Verma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Biomolecular Science Building, Orlando, FL 32816-2364, USA
| | - Nameirakpam D. Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Biomolecular Science Building, Orlando, FL 32816-2364, USA
| | - Roland Herzog
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Biomolecular Science Building, Orlando, FL 32816-2364, USA
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Abstract
Vaccination for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and treatment for chronic hepatitis B, while effective for primary prevention and control of the disease, still have their limitations. Global coverage of HBV immunization needs improvement. Several patient populations are noted to have suboptimal seroprotective rates after HBV vaccination. There are currently several potential new vaccines undergoing animal and human studies, most notably vaccines containing immunostimulatory DNA sequences. Long-term nucleoside analogue therapy is necessary in achieving permanent virologic suppression. Potential new treatments explore new mechanisms of action, including the inhibition of hepatitis B surface antigen release, targeting antifibrotic mechanism, and immunomodulation through novel interferons and therapeutic vaccines. The clinical application of potential new vaccines and therapies would enhance the prevention of HBV infection and treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
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Hirschberg H, van Kuijk S, Loch J, Jiskoot W, Bouwstra J, Kersten G, Amorij JP. A combined approach of vesicle formulations and microneedle arrays for transcutaneous immunization against hepatitis B virus. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 46:1-7. [PMID: 22330147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the search for an optimal approach for the transcutaneous immunization (TCI) of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), two vesicle formulations, L595 vesicles (composed of sucrose-laurate ester and octaoxyethylene-laurate ester) and sPC vesicles (composed of soybean-phosphatidylcholine and Span-80) were prepared and characterized in vitro and in vivo. HBsAg was associated to the vesicles, resulting in sPC-HBsAg vesicles (±170nm) with 79% HBsAg association and L595-HBsAg vesicles (±75nm) with only 29% HBsAg association. The vesicles induced in mice via TCI an antibody response only when the skin was pretreated with microneedles. This response was improved by the adjuvant cholera toxin. The sPC-HBsAg vesicle formulations showed to be the most immunogenic for TCI, which was related to the higher degree of HBsAg association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Hirschberg
- Unit Vaccinology, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), A. van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Lebre F, Bento D, Jesus S, Borges O. Chitosan-based nanoparticles as a hepatitis B antigen delivery system. Methods Enzymol 2012; 509:127-42. [PMID: 22568904 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-391858-1.00007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The design of antigen delivery systems, particularly for mucosal surfaces, has been a focus of interest in recent years. In this chapter, we describe the preparation of chitosan-based particles as promising antigen delivery systems for mucosal surfaces already tested by our group with hepatitis B surface antigen. The final proof of the concept is always carried out with immunization studies performed in an appropriate animal model. However, before these important studies, it is advisable that the delivery system should be submitted to a variety of in vitro tests. Among several tests, the characterization of the particles (size, morphology, and zeta potential), the studies of antigen adsorption onto particles, the evaluation of toxicity of the particles, and the studies of particle uptake into lymphoid organs are the most important and will be described in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Lebre
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Kwon SY, Lee CH. Epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2011; 17:87-95. [PMID: 21757978 PMCID: PMC3304633 DOI: 10.3350/kjhep.2011.17.2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. The recognition of the problem led to a worldwide effort to reduce transmission of HBV through routine infant vaccination. HBV infection is the most common cause of chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea. After hepatitis B vaccine era, seroprevalence of hepatits B surface antigen is decreasing, particularly in children. Hepatitis B vaccine is remarkably safe and shows high immunogenicity. Universal childhood immunization with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine in the first year of life is a highly effective method for prevention and control of hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Pasteur’s principle ‘isolate, inactivate, inject’ was the starting point for the successful development of many vaccines, but now, new ways for antigen discovery and vaccine administration present a challenge. Whereas vaccines against polio, measles and influenza are common for many parts of the world, the development of thermostable vaccines not being injected would ease vaccine distribution in developing countries. This review summarizes the general principles of vaccination and looks at common and novel vaccination targets. It also gives a rationale for using other routes than parenteral administration, such as mucosal or transdermal vaccination, and focuses on novel vaccination vehicles, as well as their formulation and stability aspects. Additionally, the review looks at novel application devices for the administration of vaccines.
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