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Lombardi L, Tammaro D, Maffettone PL. Wimpled thin films via multiple motions of a bubble decorated with surface-active molecules. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 677:521-528. [PMID: 39106777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Thin liquid films play a crucial role in various systems and applications. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate their morphology is a scientific challenge with obvious implications for application optimization. Thin liquid films trapped between bubbles and air-liquid interface can show various configurations influenced by their deformation history and system characteristics. EXPERIMENTS The morphology of thin liquid films formed in the presence of surface-active molecules is here studied with interferometric techniques. Three different systems with varying interfacial properties are investigated to understand their influence on film morphology. Specific deformation histories are applied to the films to generate complex film structures. FINDINGS We achieve the creation of a rather stable wimple by implementing controlled bubble motions against the air-liquid interface. We provide a criterion for wimple formation based on lubrication theory. The long-term stability of the wimple is also investigated, and more complex multi-wimple structures are experimentally produced building upon the achieved wimple stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lombardi
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, Naples, 80125, Italy.
| | - Daniele Tammaro
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, Naples, 80125, Italy
| | - Pier Luca Maffettone
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, Naples, 80125, Italy
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2
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Hribar-Lee B, Lukšič M. Biophysical Principles Emerging from Experiments on Protein-Protein Association and Aggregation. Annu Rev Biophys 2024; 53:1-18. [PMID: 37906740 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-030722-111729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein association and aggregation are fundamental processes that play critical roles in various biological phenomena, from cellular signaling to disease progression. Understanding the underlying biophysical principles governing these processes is crucial for elucidating their mechanisms and developing strategies for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we provide an overview of recent experimental studies focused on protein-protein association and aggregation. We explore the key biophysical factors that influence these processes, including protein structure, conformational dynamics, and intermolecular interactions. We discuss the effects of environmental conditions such as temperature, pH and related buffer-specific effects, and ionic strength and related ion-specific effects on protein aggregation. The effects of polymer crowders and sugars are also addressed. We list the techniques used to study aggregation. We analyze emerging trends and challenges in the field, including the development of computational models and the integration of multidisciplinary approaches for a comprehensive understanding of protein-protein association and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hribar-Lee
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Miha Lukšič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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3
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Esfahani IC, Tehrani NA, Ji S, Sun H. Simultaneous Protein Adsorption and Viscosity Measurement using Micropillar-Enhanced Acoustic Wave (μPAW) Device for Pharmaceutical Applications. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00223-5. [PMID: 38857644 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
At the early stages of drug development, the amount of drug materials is rather limited. In this case, viscosity measurement is often postponed to the later stages, where grams of proteins can be produced. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a viscometer capable of measuring the viscosity with high accuracy while requiring low sample volume. This study presents a novel viscosity measurement technique based on measuring the resonance frequency and motional resistance of a micropillar-enhanced acoustic wave (μPAW) device. The μPAW was developed by fabricating micropillars on the quartz crystal microbalance substrate in order to achieve ultra-high sensitivity, thanks to a unique coupling between the micropillar and the resonator. The experimental measurements demonstrated a nonlinear relationship between the density and viscosity of the fluid and the response of μPAW. A calibration correlation was developed using the response of μPAW in aqueous glycerol and sucrose solutions. The measurements were then extended using high-concentration BSA solutions as the model of protein solution. The main advantage of the μPAW device in this work over other viscometers is the ability to simultaneously measure solution viscosity and protein adsorption on the surface. This is a huge step forward in the development of sensing systems for the pharmaceutical industry, where real-time sensing of target biological proteins and measuring the viscosity of a solution is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nastaran A Tehrani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Siqi Ji
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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4
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Tian Z, Jiang X, Chen Z, Huang C, Qian F. Quantifying Protein Shape to Elucidate Its Influence on Solution Viscosity in High-Concentration Electrolyte Solutions. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1719-1728. [PMID: 38411904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins with a high concentration and low viscosity are highly desirable for subcutaneous and certain local injections. The shape of a protein is known to influence solution viscosity; however, the precise quantification of protein shape and its relative impact compared to other factors like charge-charge interactions remains unclear. In this study, we utilized seven model proteins of varying shapes and experimentally determined their shape factors (v) based on Einstein's viscosity theory, which correlate strongly with the ratios of the proteins' surface area to the 2/3 power of their respective volumes, based on protein crystal structures resolved experimentally or predicted by AlphaFold. This finding confirms the feasibility of computationally estimating protein shape factors from amino acid sequences alone. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that, in high-concentration electrolyte solutions, a more spherical protein shape increases the protein's critical concentration (C*), the transition concentration beyond which protein viscosity increases exponentially relative to concentration increases. In summary, our work elucidates protein shape as a key determinant of solution viscosity through quantitative analysis and comparison with other contributing factors. This provides insights into molecular engineering strategies to optimize the molecular design of therapeutic proteins, thus optimizing their viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xuling Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhidong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chengnan Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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5
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Xia Z, Yu M, Liu Y, Yuan W, Wang Y, Xu X, Bae J, Schwendeman A. Development of an Accelerated Rotator-based Drug Release Method for the Evaluation of Bupivacaine Multivesicular Liposomes. Pharm Res 2024; 41:293-303. [PMID: 38212593 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE A multivesicular liposome (MVL) is a liposomal vehicle designed to achieve sustained release characteristics for drugs with short half-lives. For example, a commercial MVL formulation of bupivacaine has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for local and regional analgesia. For complex formulations like those containing MVLs, challenges in developing an in vitro release testing (IVRT) method may hinder generic development and regulatory approval. In this study, we developed an accelerated rotator-based IVRT method with the ability to discriminate bupivacaine MVLs with different quality attributes. METHODS Three IVRT experimental setups including mesh tube, horizontal shaker, and vertical rotator were screened to ensure that at least 50% of bupivacaine can release from MVLs in 24 h. Sample dilution factors, incubation temperature, and the release media pH were optimized for the IVRT. The reproducibility of the developed IVRT method was validated with commercial bupivacaine MVLs. The discriminative capacity was assessed via comparing commercial and compromised bupivacaine MVL formulations. RESULTS The rotator-based release setup was chosen due to the capability to obtain 70% of drug release within 24 h. The optimized testing conditions were chosen with a 50-fold dilution factor, a temperature of 37ºC, and a media pH of 7.4. CONCLUSIONS An accelerated rotator-based IVRT method for bupivacaine MVLs was developed in this study, with the discriminatory ability to distinguish between formulations of different qualities. The developed IVRT method was a robust tool for generic development of MVL based formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Minzhi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yayuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Wenmin Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Division of Therapeutic Performance 1, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Jungeun Bae
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, NCRC, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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6
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Sheng X, Li X, Jia Y, Chen P, Liu Y, Ru G, Xu M, Liu L, Zhu X, Jin X, Liu Y, Zhao H, Li H. Electrochemical Biosensor for Protein Concentration Monitoring Using Natural Wood Evaporation for Power Generation. Anal Chem 2024; 96:917-925. [PMID: 38171538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A high-sensitivity, low-cost, self-powered biomass electrochemical biosensor based on the "evaporating potential" theory is developed for protein detection. The feasibility of experimental evaluation methods was verified with a probe protein of bovine serum albumin. The sensor was then used to detect lung cancer marker CYFRA21-1, and the potential of our sensor for clinical diagnosis was demonstrated by serum analysis. This work innovatively exploits the osmotic power generation capability of natural wood to construct a promising electrochemical biosensor that was driven by kinetics during testing. The detection methods used for this sensor, chronoamperometry and AC impedance, showed potential for quantitative analysis and specific detection, respectively. Furthermore, the sensor could facilitate new insights into the development of high-sensitivity, low-cost, and easy-to-use electrochemical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Sheng
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xu Li
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Longzihu New Energy Laboratory, Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Energy Storage Materials and Processes, Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yanfang Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 33, Huanghe Road, Zhengzhou 450053, Henan, China
| | - Pengxun Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 33, Huanghe Road, Zhengzhou 450053, Henan, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guangxin Ru
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mengyi Xu
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lijie Liu
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiuhong Zhu
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xianchun Jin
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hailiang Zhao
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Street 100, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 33, Huanghe Road, Zhengzhou 450053, Henan, China
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7
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Hu S, Huan X, Yang J, Cui H, Gao W, Liu Y, Yu SF, Shum HC, Kim JT. Three-Dimensionally Printed, Vertical Full-Color Display Pixels for Multiplexed Anticounterfeiting. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9953-9962. [PMID: 37871156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Information encryption strategies have become increasingly essential. Most of the fluorescent security patterns have been made with a lateral configuration of red, green, and blue subpixels, limiting the pixel density and security level. Here we report vertically stacked, luminescent heterojunction micropixels that construct high-resolution, multiplexed anticounterfeiting labels. This is enabled by meniscus-guided three-dimensional (3D) microprinting of red, green, and blue (RGB) dye-doped materials. High-precision vertical stacking of subpixel segments achieves full-color pixels without sacrificing lateral resolution, achieving a small pixel size of ∼μm and a high density of over 13,000 pixels per inch. Furthermore, a full-scale color synthesis for individual pixels is developed by modulating the lengths of the RGB subpixels. Taking advantage of these unique 3D structural designs, trichannel multiplexed anticounterfeiting Quick Response codes are successfully demonstrated. We expect that this work will advance data encryption technology while also providing a versatile manufacturing platform for diverse 3D display devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiao Huan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jihyuk Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Huanqing Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Siu Fung Yu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ji Tae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
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8
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Matyushov DV. Nonlinear dielectric response of dilute protein solutions. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31123-31127. [PMID: 37881764 PMCID: PMC10594618 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06033k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A theory for the nonlinear dielectric response of dilute protein solutions is presented. The field-dependent dielectric function of the protein solution changes linearly with the electric field squared in the lowest order. The slope of this dependence is expressed in terms of the protein dipole moment M0, its volume fraction in solution η0, and the second osmotic virial coefficient. For practical conditions, the nonlinear dielectric response scales as η03M08. This strong dependence on the protein dipole moment and concentration establishes a sharp contrast between the nonlinear response of solvated proteins relative to the surrounding polar solvent. Nonlinear dielectric response can serve as a sensitive tool for monitoring protein conformations and physiological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Matyushov
- School of Molecular Sciences, Department of Physics, Arizona State University PO Box 871504 Tempe Arizona 85287-1504 USA
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9
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Jiang R, Yoo P, Sudarshana AM, Pelegri-O'Day E, Chhabra S, Mock M, Lee AP. Microfluidic viscometer by acoustic streaming transducers. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2577-2585. [PMID: 37133350 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00101f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of fluid viscosity represents a huge need for many biomedical and materials processing applications. Sample fluids containing DNA, antibodies, protein-based drugs, and even cells have become important therapeutic options. The physical properties, including viscosity, of these biologics are critical factors in the optimization of the biomanufacturing processes and delivery of therapeutics to patients. Here we demonstrate an acoustic microstreaming platform termed as microfluidic viscometer by acoustic streaming transducers (μVAST) that induces fluid transport from second-order microstreaming to measure viscosity. Validation of our platform is achieved with different glycerol content mixtures to reflect different viscosities and shows that viscosity can be estimated based on the maximum speed of the second-order acoustic microstreaming. The μVAST platform requires only a small volume of fluid sample (∼1.2 μL), which is 16-30 times smaller than that of commercial viscometers. In addition, μVAST can be scaled up for ultra-high throughput measurements of viscosity. Here we demonstrate 16 samples within 3 seconds, which is an attractive feature for automating the process flows in drug development and materials manufacturing and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Jiang
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Paul Yoo
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Emma Pelegri-O'Day
- Amgen Research, Biologics Therapeutic Discovery, 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA
| | - Sandeep Chhabra
- Amgen Research, Biologics Therapeutic Discovery, 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA
| | - Marissa Mock
- Amgen Research, Biologics Therapeutic Discovery, 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA
| | - Abraham P Lee
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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10
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Demosthene B, Lee M, Marracino RR, Heidings JB, Kang EH. Molecular Basis for Actin Polymerization Kinetics Modulated by Solution Crowding. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050786. [PMID: 37238656 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin polymerization drives cell movement and provides cells with structural integrity. Intracellular environments contain high concentrations of solutes, including organic compounds, macromolecules, and proteins. Macromolecular crowding has been shown to affect actin filament stability and bulk polymerization kinetics. However, the molecular mechanisms behind how crowding influences individual actin filament assembly are not well understood. In this study, we investigated how crowding modulates filament assembly kinetics using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy imaging and pyrene fluorescence assays. The elongation rates of individual actin filaments analyzed from TIRF imaging depended on the type of crowding agent (polyethylene glycol, bovine serum albumin, and sucrose) as well as their concentrations. Further, we utilized all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to evaluate the effects of crowding molecules on the diffusion of actin monomers during filament assembly. Taken together, our data suggest that solution crowding can regulate actin assembly kinetics at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Demosthene
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Myeongsang Lee
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Ryan R Marracino
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - James B Heidings
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Ellen Hyeran Kang
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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11
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Cochard-Marchewka P, Bremond N, Baudry J. Droplet-based microfluidic platform for viscosity measurement over extended concentration range. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2276-2285. [PMID: 37070737 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00073g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rheology of concentrated protein solutions is crucial for the understanding of macromolecular crowding dynamics as well as the formulation of protein therapeutics. The cost and scarcity of most protein samples prevents wide-scale rheological studies as conventional viscosity measurement methods require large sample volume. There is a growing need for a precise and robust viscosity measurement tool that minimizes consumption and simplifies the handling of highly concentrated protein solutions. This objective is achieved by combining microfluidics and microrheology: we developed a specific microsystem to study the viscosity of aqueous solutions at high concentrations. The PDMS chip allows in situ production, storing and monitoring of water-in-oil nanoliter droplets. We perform precise viscosity measurements inside individual droplets by particle-tracking microrheology of fluorescent probes. Pervaporation of water through a PDMS membrane induces aqueous droplet shrinking, concentrating the sample up to 150 times, thus allowing viscosity measurements along an extended concentration range in just one experiment. The methodology is precisely validated by studying the viscosity of sucrose solutions. Two model proteins are also studied with sample consumption reduced to as little as 1 μL of diluted solution, showcasing the viability of our approach for the study of biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cochard-Marchewka
- Laboratoire Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés, Institut Chimie, Biologie, Innovation, UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Bremond
- Laboratoire Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés, Institut Chimie, Biologie, Innovation, UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Jean Baudry
- Laboratoire Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés, Institut Chimie, Biologie, Innovation, UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, 75005 Paris, France.
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12
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Kharmyssov C, Sekerbayev K, Nurekeyev Z, Gaipov A, Utegulov ZN. Mechano-Chemistry across Phase Transitions in Heated Albumin Protein Solutions. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092039. [PMID: 37177189 PMCID: PMC10180835 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of certain proteins in biofluids such as synovial fluid, blood plasma, and saliva gives these fluids non-Newtonian viscoelastic properties. The amount of these protein macromolecules in biofluids is an important biomarker for the diagnosis of various health conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disorders, and joint quality. However, existing technologies for measuring the behavior of macromolecules in biofluids have limitations, such as long turnaround times, complex protocols, and insufficient sensitivity. To address these issues, we propose non-contact, optical Brillouin and Raman spectroscopy to assess the viscoelasticity and chemistry of non-Newtonian solutions, respectively, at different temperatures in several minutes. In this work, bovine and human serum albumin solution-based biopolymers were studied to obtain both their collective dynamics and molecular chemical evolution across heat-driven phase transitions at various protein concentrations. The observed phase transitions at elevated temperatures could be fully delayed in heated biopolymers by appropriately raising the level of protein concentration. The non-contact optical monitoring of viscoelastic and chemical property evolution could represent novel potential mechano-chemical biomarkers for disease diagnosis and subsequent treatment applications, including hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chingis Kharmyssov
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
- Science Department, Astana IT University, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Kairolla Sekerbayev
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhangatay Nurekeyev
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
- Institute for Experimental Physics, Hamburg University, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Abduzhappar Gaipov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhandos N Utegulov
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan
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13
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Danchana K, Iwasaki H, Thayawutthikun Y, Saetear P, Kaneta T. Development of Pipetteless Paper-Based Analytical Devices with a Volume Gauge. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11213-11219. [PMID: 37008150 PMCID: PMC10061644 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we propose a new design for paper-based analytical devices (PADs) that eliminate the need to use a micropipette for sample introduction. With this design, a PAD is equipped with a distance-based detection channel that is connected to a storage channel that indicates the volume of a sample introduced into the PAD. The analyte in the sample solution reacts with a colorimetric reagent deposited into the distance-based detection channel as the sample solution flows into the storage channel where the volume is measured. The ratio of the lengths of the detection channel and that of the storage channel (D/S ratio) are constant for a sample containing a certain concentration, which is independent of the introduced volume. Therefore, the PADs permit volume-independent quantification using a dropper instead of a micropipette because the length of the storage channel plays the role of a volume gauge to estimate the introduced sample volume. In this study, the D/S ratios obtained with a dropper were comparable to those obtained with a micropipette, which confirmed that precise volume control is unnecessary for this PAD system. The proposed PADs were applied to the determinations of iron and bovine serum albumin using bathophenanthroline and tetrabromophenol blue as colorimetric reagents, respectively. The calibration curves showed good linear relationships with coefficients of 0.989 for iron and 0.994 for bovine serum albumin, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaewta Danchana
- Department
of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwasaki
- Department
of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yada Thayawutthikun
- Flow
Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST
Labs), Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Phoonthawee Saetear
- Flow
Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST
Labs), Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Takashi Kaneta
- Department
of Chemistry, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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14
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Dey D, Nunes-Alves A, Wade RC, Schreiber G. Diffusion of small molecule drugs is affected by surface interactions and crowder proteins. iScience 2022; 25:105088. [PMID: 36157590 PMCID: PMC9490042 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Crowded environments are known to affect the diffusion of macromolecules, but their effects on the diffusion of small molecules are largely uncharacterized. We investigate how three protein crowders, bovine serum albumin (BSA), hen egg-white lysozyme, and myoglobin, influence the diffusion rates and interactions of four small molecules: fluorescein, and three drugs, doxorubicin, glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor SB216763, and quinacrine. Using Line-FRAP measurements, Brownian dynamics simulations, and molecular docking, we find that the diffusion rates of the small molecules are highly affected by self-aggregation, interactions with the proteins, and surface adsorption. The diffusion of fluorescein is decreased because of its interactions with the protein crowders and their surface adsorption. Protein crowders increase the diffusion rates of doxorubicin and SB216763 by reducing surface interactions and self-aggregation, respectively. Quinacrine diffusion was not affected by protein crowders. The mechanistic insights gained here may assist in optimization of compounds for higher mobility in complex macromolecular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Dey
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
| | - Ariane Nunes-Alves
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca C Wade
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
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15
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Simončič M, Hritz J, Lukšič M. Biomolecular Complexation on the "Wrong Side": A Case Study of the Influence of Salts and Sugars on the Interactions between Bovine Serum Albumin and Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4412-4426. [PMID: 36134887 PMCID: PMC9554918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the protein purification, drug delivery, food industry, and biotechnological applications involving protein-polyelectrolyte complexation, proper selection of co-solutes and solution conditions plays a crucial role. The onset of (bio)macromolecular complexation occurs even on the so-called "wrong side" of the protein isoionic point where both the protein and the polyelectrolyte are net like-charged. To gain mechanistic insights into the modulatory role of salts (NaCl, NaBr, and NaI) and sugars (sucrose and sucralose) in protein-polyelectrolyte complexation under such conditions, interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (NaPSS) at pH = 8.0 was studied by a combination of isothermal titration calorimetry, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and thermodynamic modeling. The BSA-NaPSS complexation proceeds by two binding processes (first, formation of intrapolymer complexes and then formation of interpolymer complexes), both driven by favorable electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged sulfonic groups (-SO3-) of NaPSS and positively charged patches on the BSA surface. Two such positive patches were identified, each responsible for one of the two binding processes. The presence of salts screened both short-range attractive and long-range repulsive electrostatic interactions between both macromolecules, resulting in a nonmonotonic dependence of the binding affinity on the total ionic strength for both binding processes. In addition, distinct anion-specific effects were observed (NaCl < NaBr < NaI). The effect of sugars was less pronounced: sucrose had no effect on the complexation, but its chlorinated analogue, sucralose, promoted it slightly due to the screening of long-range repulsive electrostatic interactions between BSA and NaPSS. Although short-range non-electrostatic interactions are frequently mentioned in the literature in relation to BSA or NaPSS, we found that the main driving force of complexation on the "wrong side" are electrostatic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Simončič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jozef Hritz
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czechia
| | - Miha Lukšič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Virk SS, Underhill PT. Application of a Simple Short-Range Attraction and Long-Range Repulsion Colloidal Model toward Predicting the Viscosity of Protein Solutions. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4233-4240. [PMID: 36129361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Some hard-sphere colloidal models have been criticized for inaccurately predicting the solution viscosity of complex biological molecules like proteins. Competing short-range attractions and long-range repulsions, also known as short-range attraction and long-range repulsion (SALR) interactions, have been thought to affect the microstructure of a protein solution at low to moderate ionic strength. However, such interactions have been implicated primarily in causing phase transition, protein gelation, or reversible cluster formation, and their effect on protein solution viscosity change is not fully understood. In this work, we show the application of a hard-sphere colloidal model with SALR interactions toward predicting the viscosity of dilute to semi-dilute protein solutions. The comparison is performed for a globular-shaped albumin and Y-shaped therapeutic monoclonal antibody that are not explained by previous colloidal models. The model predictions show that it is the coupling between attractions and repulsions that gives rise to the observed experimental trends in solution viscosity as a function of pH, concentration, and ionic strength. The parameters of the model are obtained from measurements of the second virial coefficient and net surface charge/zeta-potential, without additional fitting of the viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabitoj Singh Virk
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Patrick T Underhill
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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17
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Ade-Browne C, Greenwood A, Neal T, Jones S, Swaile D, Kumari H. Investigating aluminum salt containing hydrogels in water versus sweat mimics. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2114350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Ade-Browne
- James Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Taylor Neal
- Procter & Gamble, Research and Development Department, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stevan Jones
- Procter & Gamble, Research and Development Department, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David Swaile
- Procter & Gamble, Research and Development Department, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Harshita Kumari
- James Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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18
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Laber JR, Laue TM, Filoti DI. Use of Debye-Hückel-Henry charge measurements in early antibody development elucidates effects of non-specific association. Antib Ther 2022; 5:211-215. [PMID: 35983303 PMCID: PMC9380711 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The diffusion interaction parameter (kD) has been demonstrated to be a high-throughput technique for characterizing interactions between proteins in solution. kD reflects both attractive and repulsive interactions, including long-ranged electrostatic repulsions. Here, we plot the mutual diffusion coefficient (Dm) as a function of the experimentally determined Debye-Hückel-Henry surface charge (ZDHH) for seven human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in 15 mM histidine, pH 6. We find that graphs of Dm versus ZDHH intersect at ZDHH, ~ 2.6, independent of protein concentration. The same data plotted as kD vs. ZDHH shows a transition from net attractive to net repulsive interactions in the same region of the ZDHH intersection point. These data suggest that there is a minimum surface charge necessary on these mAbs needed to overcome attractive interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Laber
- Formulation and Biologics Product Development, Nektar Therapeutics , 455 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Thomas M Laue
- Carpenter Professor Emeritus, University of New Hampshire , Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Dana I Filoti
- Analytical Research and Development, AbbVie , 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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19
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Petrosino F, De Luca G, Curcio S, Wickramasinghe SR, Chakraborty S. Micro-CFD modelling of ultrafiltration bio-fouling. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2075759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Petrosino
- Department of Informatics, Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering (D.I.M.E.S.), Laboratory of Transport Phenomena and Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Curcio
- Department of Informatics, Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering (D.I.M.E.S.), Laboratory of Transport Phenomena and Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - S. Ranil Wickramasinghe
- Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of ArkansasRalph E , Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sudip Chakraborty
- Department of Informatics, Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering (D.I.M.E.S.), Laboratory of Transport Phenomena and Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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20
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Blanco MA. Computational models for studying physical instabilities in high concentration biotherapeutic formulations. MAbs 2022; 14:2044744. [PMID: 35282775 PMCID: PMC8928847 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2044744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational prediction of the behavior of concentrated protein solutions is particularly advantageous in early development stages of biotherapeutics when material availability is limited and a large set of formulation conditions needs to be explored. This review provides an overview of the different computational paradigms that have been successfully used in modeling undesirable physical behaviors of protein solutions with a particular emphasis on high-concentration drug formulations. This includes models ranging from all-atom simulations, coarse-grained representations to macro-scale mathematical descriptions used to study physical instability phenomena of protein solutions such as aggregation, elevated viscosity, and phase separation. These models are compared and summarized in the context of the physical processes and their underlying assumptions and limitations. A detailed analysis is also given for identifying protein interaction processes that are explicitly or implicitly considered in the different modeling approaches and particularly their relations to various formulation parameters. Lastly, many of the shortcomings of existing computational models are discussed, providing perspectives and possible directions toward an efficient computational framework for designing effective protein formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Blanco
- Materials and Biophysical Characterization, Analytical R & D, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ USA
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21
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Džudžević Čančar H, Belak Vivod M, Vlachy V, Lukšič M. Phase stability of aqueous mixtures of bovine serum albumin with low molecular mass salts in presence of polyethylene glycol. J Mol Liq 2022; 349:118477. [PMID: 35082451 PMCID: PMC8786219 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The stability of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions against phase separation caused by cooling the system is studied under the combined influence of added poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and alkali halide salts in water as solvent. The phase stability of the system depends on the concentration of the added PEG and its molecular mass, the concentration of the low molecular mass electrolyte and its nature, as also on the pH of the solution. More specifically, the addition of NaCl to the BSA-PEG mixture promotes phase separation at pH = 4.0, where BSA carries the net positive charge in aqueous solution, and it increases the stability of the solution at pH=4.6, i.e., near the isoionic point of the protein. Moreover, at pH = 4.6, the cloud-point temperature decreases in the order from NaF to NaI and from LiCl to CsCl. The order of the salts at pH = 4.0 is exactly reversed: LiCl and NaF show the weakest effect on the cloud-point temperature and the strongest decrease in stability is caused by RbCl and NaNO3. An attempt is made to correlate these observations with the free energies of hydration of the added salt ions and with the effect of adsorption of salt ions on the protein surface on the protein-protein interactions. Kosmotropic salt ions decrease the phase stability of BSA-PEG-salt solutions at pH < pI, while exactly the opposite is true at pH = pI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hurija Džudžević Čančar
- University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Matic Belak Vivod
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vojko Vlachy
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Lukšič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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22
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Influence of Low Molecular Weight Salts on the Viscosity of Aqueous-Buffer Bovine Serum Albumin Solutions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030999. [PMID: 35164264 PMCID: PMC8839888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical design of protein formulations aims at maximum efficiency (protein concentration) and minimum viscosity. Therefore, it is important to know the nature of protein-protein interactions and their influence on viscosity. In this work, we investigated the dependence of the viscosity of BSA in an aqueous 20 mM acetate buffer at pH = 4.3 on protein concentration and on temperature (5-45 °C). The viscosity of the solution increased with protein concentration and was 230% higher than the viscosity of the protein-free formulation at 160 mg/mL. The viscosity decreased by almost 60% in the temperature range from 5 to 45 °C. The agreement of the modified Arrhenius theory with experiment was quantitative, whereas a hard-sphere model provided only a qualitative description of the experimental results. We also investigated the viscosity of a 100 mg/mL BSA solution as a function of the concentration of added low molecular weight salts (LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, NaBr, NaI) in the range of salt concentrations up to 1.75 mol/L. In addition, the particle size and zeta potential of BSA-salt mixtures were determined for solutions containing 0.5 mol/L salt. The trends with respect to the different anions followed a direct Hofmeister series (Cl- > Br- > I-), whereas for cations in the case of viscosity the indirect Hofmeister series was observed (Li+ > Na+ > K+ > Rb+ > Cs+), but the values of particle sizes and zeta potential did not show cation-specific effects. Since the protein is positively charged at pH = 4.3, anions are more attracted to the protein surface and shield its charge, while the interaction with cations is less pronounced. We hypothesize that salt surface charge shielding reduces protein colloidal stability and promotes protein aggregate formation.
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23
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Droplet-Based Microfluidic Tool to Quantify Viscosity of Concentrating Protein Solutions. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1765-1775. [PMID: 34664208 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Measurement of the viscosity of concentrated protein solutions is vital for the manufacture and delivery of protein therapeutics. Conventional methods for viscosity measurements require large solution volumes, creating a severe limitation during the early stage of protein development. The goal of this work is to develop a robust technique that requires minimal sample. METHODS In this work, a droplet-based microfluidic device is developed to quantify the viscosity of protein solutions while concentrating in micrometer-scale droplets. The technique requires only microliters of sample. The corresponding viscosity is characterized by multiple particle tracking microrheology (MPT). RESULTS We show that the viscosities quantified in the microfluidic device are consistent with macroscopic results measured by a conventional rheometer for poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) solutions. The technique was further applied to quantify viscosities of well-studied lysozyme and bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions. Comparison to both macroscopic measurements and models (Krieger-Dougherty model) demonstrate the validity of the approach. CONCLUSION The droplet-based microfluidic device provides accurate quantitative values of viscosity over a range of concentrations for protein solutions with small sample volumes (~ μL) and high compositional resolution. This device will be extended to study the effect of different excipients and other additives on the viscosity of protein solutions.
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24
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Larsen HA, Atkins WM, Nath A. Probing interactions of therapeutic antibodies with serum via second virial coefficient measurements. Biophys J 2021; 120:4067-4078. [PMID: 34384764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based therapeutics are the fastest-growing drug class on the market, used to treat aggressive forms of cancer, chronic autoimmune conditions, and numerous other disease states. Although the specificity, affinity, and versatility of therapeutic antibodies can provide an advantage over traditional small-molecule drugs, their development and optimization can be much more challenging and time-consuming. This is, in part, because the ideal formulation buffer systems used for in vitro characterization inadequately reflect the crowded biological environments (serum, endosomal lumen, etc.) that these drugs experience once administered to a patient. Such environments can perturb the binding of antibodies to their antigens and receptors, as well as homo- and hetero-aggregation, thereby altering therapeutic effect and disposition in ways that are incompletely understood. Although excluded volume effects are classically thought to favor binding, weak interactions with co-solutes in crowded conditions can inhibit binding. The second virial coefficient (B2) parameter quantifies such weak interactions and can be determined by a variety of techniques in dilute solution, but analogous methods in complex biological fluids are not well established. Here, we demonstrate that fluorescence correlation spectroscopy is able to measure diffusive B2-values directly in undiluted serum. Apparent second virial coefficient (B2,app) measurements of antibodies in serum reveal that changes in the balance between attractive and repulsive interactions can dramatically impact global nonideality. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the approach of isolating specific components and completing independent cross-term virial coefficient measurements may not be an effective approach to characterizing nonideality in serum. The approach presented here could enrich our understanding of the effects of biological environments on proteins in general and advance the development of therapeutic antibodies and other protein-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayli A Larsen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - William M Atkins
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Abhinav Nath
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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25
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Microfluidic Obstacle Arrays Induce Large Reversible Shape Change in Red Blood Cells. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12070783. [PMID: 34209413 PMCID: PMC8303182 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) shape change under static and dynamic shear stress has been a source of interest for at least 50 years. High-speed time-lapse microscopy was used to observe the rate of deformation and relaxation when RBCs are subjected to periodic shear stress and deformation forces as they pass through an obstacle. We show that red blood cells are reversibly deformed and take on characteristic shapes not previously seen in physiological buffers when the maximum shear stress was between 2.2 and 25 Pa (strain rate 2200 to 25,000 s−1). We quantify the rates of RBC deformation and recovery using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. The time to deformation decreased from 320 to 23 milliseconds with increasing flow rates, but the distance traveled before deformation changed little. Shape recovery, a measure of degree of deformation, takes tens of milliseconds at the lowest flow rates and reached saturation at 2.4 s at a shear stress of 11.2 Pa indicating a maximum degree of deformation was reached. The rates and types of deformation have relevance in red blood cell disorders and in blood cell behavior in microfluidic devices.
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26
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27
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Glass-like protein condensate for the long-term storage of proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:162-167. [PMID: 33836199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Long-term storage of proteins at ambient temperature is required for applications in pharmaceutics and biotechnology. Lyophilization is a versatile approach for stabilizing proteins at ambient temperature, although its freezing and drying processes negatively affect the protein structure. In this study, we show a glass-like protein condensate (GLPC) as a new method for protein stabilization at ambient temperature. Various protein types, including immunoglobulin G, gamma globulin, albumin, and chymotrypsin, formed a glassy state during ultracentrifugation and natural drying, while proteins that tend to crystalize, such as hen egg-white lysozyme, did not. The GLPCs were characterized by a transparent solid state, similar to a dry glass ball. Importantly, the GLPCs were dissolved easily in saline solution at a physiological concentration, thereby retaining their native structures and functions. The GLPCs preserved their native structures even after 1 year of incubation at ambient temperature. These results provide a framework for the development of protein preservation methods at ambient temperature other than lyophilization.
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28
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Ye Y, Huo X, Yin Z. Protein-protein interactions at high concentrations: Effects of ArgHCl and NaCl on the stability, viscosity and aggregation mechanisms of protein solution. Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120535. [PMID: 33811966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to use the diffusion coefficient ration (Dm/Dline) as a parameter to characterize the stability of protein at high concentration, to compare the effects of ArgHCl and NaCl on the interaction of highly concentrated proteins under different pH conditions, and to explore the correlation with protein stability. For this purpose, a high-concentration bovine serum albumin solution (BSA) was selected as the model system, and the diffusion coefficient, aggregation degree, conformational stability, and solution viscosity of the protein were studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and spectral detection techniques. The result showed that there was a significant correlation between the Dm/Dline and the protein aggregation. The Dm/Dline of the protein was minimum at pH 7.4, which corresponded to the maximum degree of aggregation and the highest solution viscosity. At pH 7.4, the hydrophobic interactions and the increased conformational stability of ArgHCl maximized the stability of the protein and reduced the viscosity of the solution by 69.3%. At pH 3.0, the strong charge shielding effect of ArgHCl and NaCl and the decreased conformational stability induced protein aggregation and the gel formation. These findings provided valuable insights into the mechanism of protein aggregation and the diffusion coefficient ration (Dm/Dline) could be a potential tool for the pre-formulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Novel Drug Delivery System Ministry of Education, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xingli Huo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Novel Drug Delivery System Ministry of Education, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zongning Yin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Novel Drug Delivery System Ministry of Education, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Malomuzh NP, Khorolskyi AV. Analyzing the Size of Albumin Macromolecules in Aqueous Solutions. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024421020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Asian J, Quenta E, Castillo JL. Do viscosity and wettability of fluoride varnishes affect their fluoride release? J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e221-e226. [PMID: 33680323 PMCID: PMC7920555 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are several brands of fluoride varnishes in the market, but the dynamics of fluoride release from each one might be different. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the release of fluorides by fluoride varnishes and to determine the correlation with viscosity and wettability.
Material and Methods Forty four enamel blocks 5x5 mm were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=11) ((Duraphat®, Clinpro™ White Varnish, Flúor Protector® and control). We applied 30 milligrams of fluoride varnish to each specimen. The specimens were immersed in a Calcium Phosphate solution at a pH= 6.0. We evaluated the release of fluoride, by using a selective fluoride electrode, during 6 weeks. Viscosity was measured using an Oswald Viscosimeter and the wettability was determined by measuring the contact angle between the varnish and the enamel slab. The statistical analysis was performed using Analysis of variance.
Results Duraphat showed the highest fluoride release from the second weekend beyond (p<0.001) and Clinpro the greatest rate of release. Duraphat release was the steadiest throughout the experiment. Duraphat showed the highest viscosity and the lowest wettability (p<0.001) and Fluor Protector showed the highest wettability (p<0.001). There was a positive correlation between the release of fluoride and the viscosity and a negative correlation between fluoride release and wettability (r>0.7). Conclusions Viscosity and wettability influence the release of fluoride from fluoride varnishes. Key words:Fluorides topical, viscosity, wettability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackeline Asian
- Professor, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, School of Stomatology, Department of Dentistry for Children and Adolescents,Lima, Peru
| | - Edgar Quenta
- Professor, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, School of Stomatology, Department of Dentistry for Children and Adolescents,Lima, Peru
| | - Jorge L Castillo
- Professor, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, School of Stomatology, Department of Dentistry for Children and Adolescents,Lima, Peru
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Analysing the mechanism of mitochondrial oxidation-induced cell death using a multifunctional iridium(III) photosensitiser. Nat Commun 2021; 12:26. [PMID: 33397915 PMCID: PMC7782791 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidation-induced cell death, a physiological process triggered by various cancer therapeutics to induce oxidative stress on tumours, has been challenging to investigate owing to the difficulties in generating mitochondria-specific oxidative stress and monitoring mitochondrial responses simultaneously. Accordingly, to the best of our knowledge, the relationship between mitochondrial protein oxidation via oxidative stress and the subsequent cell death-related biological phenomena has not been defined. Here, we developed a multifunctional iridium(III) photosensitiser, Ir-OA, capable of inducing substantial mitochondrial oxidative stress and monitoring the corresponding change in viscosity, polarity, and morphology. Photoactivation of Ir-OA triggers chemical modifications in mitochondrial protein-crosslinking and oxidation (i.e., oxidative phosphorylation complexes and channel and translocase proteins), leading to microenvironment changes, such as increased microviscosity and depolarisation. These changes are strongly related to cell death by inducing mitochondrial swelling with excessive fission and fusion. We suggest a potential mechanism from mitochondrial oxidative stress to cell death based on proteomic analyses and phenomenological observations.
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Hermansyah H, Eriwati Y, Putriani D, Geraldine K. Peppermint flavor oil in fluoride varnishes enhances fluoride release. SCIENTIFIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/sdj.sdj_78_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Makowski EK, Wu L, Gupta P, Tessier PM. Discovery-stage identification of drug-like antibodies using emerging experimental and computational methods. MAbs 2021; 13:1895540. [PMID: 34313532 PMCID: PMC8346245 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1895540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is intense and widespread interest in developing monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic agents to treat diverse human disorders. During early-stage antibody discovery, hundreds to thousands of lead candidates are identified, and those that lack optimal physical and chemical properties must be deselected as early as possible to avoid problems later in drug development. It is particularly challenging to characterize such properties for large numbers of candidates with the low antibody quantities, concentrations, and purities that are available at the discovery stage, and to predict concentrated antibody properties (e.g., solubility, viscosity) required for efficient formulation, delivery, and efficacy. Here we review key recent advances in developing and implementing high-throughput methods for identifying antibodies with desirable in vitro and in vivo properties, including favorable antibody stability, specificity, solubility, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity profiles, that together encompass overall drug developability. In particular, we highlight impressive recent progress in developing computational methods for improving rational antibody design and prediction of drug-like behaviors that hold great promise for reducing the amount of required experimentation. We also discuss outstanding challenges that will need to be addressed in the future to fully realize the great potential of using such analysis for minimizing development times and improving the success rate of antibody candidates in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Makowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lina Wu
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Biotherapeutics Discovery Department, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Peter M. Tessier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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34
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Micro- and macro-viscosity relations in high concentration antibody solutions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 153:211-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Tian Z, Xu L, Zhang N, Qian F. First-order nucleation and subsequent growth promote liquid-liquid phase separation of a model IgG1 mAb. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119681. [PMID: 32721563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although protein aggregation is commonly encountered during the manufacturing and storage of bio-therapeutics, the actual aggregation mechanism remains unclear, and little has been reported about the protein aggregation kinetics from time zero under particular solution conditions. In this study, we used real-time dynamic light scattering (DLS) to continuously monitor the time-dependent evolution of the Z-average hydrodynamic radius of a model IgG1 (JM2) immediately after the JM2 solution was subjected to various low temperatures (0-4 °C). We observed that JM2 aggregated to form nuclei first, and then it subsequently grew to small liquid droplets via a two-step, first-order, reversible process without causing irreversible structural changes: a slow first step defined as the "nucleation" step, wherein nuclei formed slowly until reaching a transitional time point (tonset), and a much faster second step initiated after tonset and the nucleus size of the protein increased rapidly, which eventually caused liquid droplet formation and liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). The "nucleation" rate constant (Knucleation) and particle growth rate constant (Kgrowth), as well as tonset, were found to be temperature, pH and concentration dependent. The aggregation of JM2 could be universally described by these two-step first-order kinetics: under conditions where JM2 aggregated very slowly, the second step was not observed within the experimental time scale, while under conditions where JM2 aggregated very rapidly, the first step could not be recorded. We believe that these three parameters, Knucleation, Kgrowth, and tonset, can be used to quantify and compare the aggregation kinetics of JM2 under different solution and temperature conditions and, furthermore, serve as a theoretical base to account for the key characteristics of the aggregation kinetics of JM2 and other protein therapeutics under conditions of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Long Xu
- Biotherapeutics Development, Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Biotherapeutics Development, Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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36
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Mohanan A, Nickerson MT, Ghosh S. Utilization of pulse protein-xanthan gum complexes for foam stabilization: The effect of protein concentrate and isolate at various pH. Food Chem 2020; 316:126282. [PMID: 32062576 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the foaming behavior of pea and faba bean protein concentrates and isolates and explores the impact of pH and protein-polysaccharide complexation on overrun and foam stability. Foams were prepared with 5 wt% proteins with and without 0.25 wt% xanthan gum (XG) at pH 3, 5, 7 and 9. Most foams were unstable without XG. With XG foaming properties of protein concentrates were better than isolates. Irrespective of protein type and content, all protein-XG foams at pH 3 destabilized due to large insoluble complexes, however, at pH 5 foams were stable due to smaller size of insoluble complexes. Both the protein concentrate-XG foams were stable at pH 7 and 9 due to optimum viscosity and surface tension of the soluble complexes. Overall, the study revealed that the overrun and stability of pulse protein foams can be significantly improved by adding XG and controlling their intermolecular interactions as a function of pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira Mohanan
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A8, Canada
| | - Michael T Nickerson
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A8, Canada
| | - Supratim Ghosh
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A8, Canada.
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37
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Acharya S, Jiang A, Kuo C, Nazarian R, Li K, Ma A, Siegal B, Toh C, Schmidt JJ. Improved Measurement of Proteins Using a Solid-State Nanopore Coupled with a Hydrogel. ACS Sens 2020; 5:370-376. [PMID: 31965788 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although resistive pulse sensing using solid-state nanopores is capable of single-molecule sensitivity, previous work has shown that nanoparticles, such as proteins, pass through nanopores too quickly for accurate detection with typical measurement apparatus. As a result, nanopore measurements of these particles significantly deviate from theoretically estimated current amplitudes and detection rates. Here, we show that a hydrogel placed on the distal side of a nanopore can increase the residence time of nanoparticles within the nanopore, significantly increasing the detection rate and allowing improved resolution of blockage currents. The method is simple and inexpensive to implement while being label-free and applicable to a wide range of nanoparticle targets. Using hydrogel-backed nanopores, we detected the protein IgG with event frequencies several orders of magnitude higher than those in the absence of the hydrogel and with larger measured currents that agree well with theoretical models. We also show that the improved measurement also enables discrimination of IgG and bovine serum albumin in a mixed solution. Finally, we show that measurements of IgG with the hydrogel-backed nanopores can also yield current amplitude distributions that can be analyzed to infer its approximate shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Acharya
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ann Jiang
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chance Kuo
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Reyhaneh Nazarian
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Katharine Li
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anthony Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Brian Siegal
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Christopher Toh
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jacob J. Schmidt
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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38
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V. Khorolskyi O, P. Malomuzh N. Macromolecular sizes of serum albumins in its aqueous solutions. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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39
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Yulianingsih R, Gohtani S. Dispersion characteristics of pregelatinized waxy rice starch and its performance as an emulsifier for oil-in-water emulsions: Effect of gelatinization temperature and starch concentration. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Nishinami S, Kameda T, Arakawa T, Shiraki K. Hydantoin and Its Derivatives Reduce the Viscosity of Concentrated Antibody Formulations by Inhibiting Associations via Hydrophobic Amino Acid Residues. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Nishinami
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Tomoshi Kameda
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Arakawa
- a Division of KBI Biopharma, Alliance Protein Laboratories, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kentaro Shiraki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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41
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Ota C, Takano K. Spectroscopic Analysis of Protein-Crowded Environments Using the Charge-Transfer Fluorescence Probe 8-Anilino-1-Naphthalenesulfonic Acid. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1456-1466. [PMID: 30945450 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The molecular behaviors of proteins under crowding conditions are crucial for understanding the protein actions in intracellular environments. Under a crowded environment, the distance between protein molecules is almost the same size as the molecular level, thus, both the excluded volume effect and short ranged soft chemical interaction on protein surface could induce the complicated influence on the protein behavior cooperatively. Recently, various kinds of analytical approaches from macroscopic to microscopic aspects have been made to evaluate the crowding effect. The method, however, has not been established to evaluate the surface specific interactions on protein surface. In this study, the analytical method to evaluate the crowding effect has been suggested by using a charge-transfer fluorescence probe, ANS. By employing the unique property of ANS attaching to charged residues on the surface of lysozyme, the crowding effect was focused, while the case was compared as a reference, in which ANS is confined in hydrophobic pockets of BSA. Consequently, the surface specific changes of fluorescence spectra were readily observed under the crowded environment, whereas the fluorescence spectra of ANS in protein inside did not change. This result suggests the fluorescence spectra of ANS binding to protein surface have the capability to estimate the crowding effect of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikashi Ota
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Takano
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
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42
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Szekeres GP, Kneipp J. SERS Probing of Proteins in Gold Nanoparticle Agglomerates. Front Chem 2019; 7:30. [PMID: 30766868 PMCID: PMC6365451 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The collection of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of proteins and other biomolecules in complex biological samples such as animal cells has been achieved with gold nanoparticles that are introduced to the sample. As a model for such a situation, SERS spectra were measured in protein solutions using gold nanoparticles in the absence of aggregating agents, allowing for the free formation of a protein corona. The SERS spectra indicate a varied interaction of the protein molecule with the gold nanoparticles, depending on protein concentration. The concentration-dependent optical properties of the formed agglomerates result in strong variation in SERS enhancement. At protein concentrations that correspond to those inside cells, SERS signals are found to be very low. The results suggest that in living cells the successful collection of SERS spectra must be due to the positioning of the aggregates rather than the crowded biomolecular environment inside the cells. Experiments with DNA suggest the suitability of the applied sample preparation approach for an improved understanding of SERS nanoprobes and nanoparticle-biomolecule interactions in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergo Peter Szekeres
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janina Kneipp
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof, Berlin, Germany
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43
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Blaffert J, Haeri HH, Blech M, Hinderberger D, Garidel P. Spectroscopic methods for assessing the molecular origins of macroscopic solution properties of highly concentrated liquid protein solutions. Anal Biochem 2018; 561-562:70-88. [PMID: 30243977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In cases of subcutaneous injection of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, high protein concentrations (>50 mg/ml) are often required. During the development of these high concentration liquid formulations (HCLF), challenges such as aggregation, gelation, opalescence, phase separation, and high solution viscosities are more prone compared to low concentrated protein formulations. These properties can impair manufacturing processes, as well as protein stability and shelf life. To avoid such unfavourable solution properties, a detailed understanding about the nature of these properties and their driving forces are required. However, the fundamental mechanisms that lead to macroscopic solution properties, as above mentioned, are complex and not fully understood, yet. Established analytical methods for assessing the colloidal stability, i.e. the ability of a native protein to remain dispersed in solution, are restricted to dilute conditions and provide parameters such as the second osmotic virial coefficient, B22, and the diffusion interaction coefficient, kD. These parameters are routinely applied for qualitative estimations and identifications of proteins with challenging solution behaviours, such as high viscosities and aggregation, although the assays are prepared for low protein concentration conditions, typically between 0.1 and 20 mg/ml ("ideal" solution conditions). Quantitative analysis of samples of high protein concentration is difficult and it is hard to obtain information about the driving forces of such solution properties and corresponding protein-protein self-interactions. An advantage of using specific spectroscopic methods is the potential of directly analysing highly concentrated protein solutions at different solution conditions. This allows for collecting/gaining valuable information about the fundamental mechanisms of solution properties of the high protein concentration regime. In addition, the derived parameters might be more predictive as compared to the parameters originating from assays which are optimized for the low protein concentration range. The provided information includes structural data, molecular dynamics at various timescales and protein-solvent interactions, which can be obtained at molecular resolution. Herein, we provide an overview about spectroscopic techniques for analysing the origins of macroscopic solution behaviours in general, with a specific focus on pharmaceutically relevant high protein concentration and formulation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Blaffert
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Haleh Hashemi Haeri
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Michaela Blech
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Protein Science, Birkerndorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach/Riß, Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Institute of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Protein Science, Birkerndorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach/Riß, Germany.
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44
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Rotational Rheology of Bovine Serum Albumin Solutions: Confounding Effects of Impurities, Mechanistic Considerations and Potential Implications on Protein Formulation Development. Pharm Res 2018; 35:157. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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45
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Wang W, Lilyestrom WG, Hu ZY, Scherer TM. Cluster Size and Quinary Structure Determine the Rheological Effects of Antibody Self-Association at High Concentrations. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:2138-2154. [PMID: 29359938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The question of how nonspecific reversible intermolecular protein interactions affect solution rheology at high concentrations is fundamentally rooted in the translation of nanometer-scale interactions into macroscopic properties. Well-defined solutions of purified monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) provide a useful system with which to investigate the manifold intricacies of weak protein interactions at high concentrations. Recently, characterization of self-associating IgG1 antibody (mAb2) solutions has established the direct role of protein clusters on concentrated mAb rheology. Expanding on our earlier work with three additional mAbs (mAb1, mAb3, and mAb4), the observed concentration-dependent static light scattering and rheological data present a substantially more complex relationship between protein interactions and solution viscosity at high concentrations. The four mAb systems exhibited divergent correlations between cluster formation (size) and concentrated solution viscosities dependent on mAb primary sequence and solution conditions. To address this challenge, well-established features of colloidal cluster phenomena could be applied as a framework for interpreting our observations. The initial stages of mAb cluster formation were investigated with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and ensemble-optimized fit methods, to uncover shifts in the dimer structure populations which are produced by changes in mAb interaction modes and association valence under the different solution conditions. Analysis of mAb average cluster number and effective hydrodynamic radii at high concentrations revealed cluster architectures can have a wide range of fractal dimensions. Collectively, the static light scattering, SAXS, and rheological characterization demonstrate that nonspecific and anisotropic attractive intermolecular interactions produce antibody clusters with different quinary structures to regulate the rheological properties of concentrated mAb solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Wang
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech (a Member of the Roche Group) , 1 DNA Way, MS 56-1A, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wayne G Lilyestrom
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech (a Member of the Roche Group) , 1 DNA Way, MS 56-1A, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Zhi Yu Hu
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech (a Member of the Roche Group) , 1 DNA Way, MS 56-1A, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas M Scherer
- Late Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech (a Member of the Roche Group) , 1 DNA Way, MS 56-1A, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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46
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Model MA, Petruccelli JC. Intracellular Macromolecules in Cell Volume Control and Methods of Their Quantification. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 81:237-289. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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47
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Rotational diffusion of magnetic nanoparticles in protein solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 506:393-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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48
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Schermeyer MT, Wöll AK, Kokke B, Eppink M, Hubbuch J. Characterization of highly concentrated antibody solution - A toolbox for the description of protein long-term solution stability. MAbs 2017; 9:1169-1185. [PMID: 28617076 PMCID: PMC5627599 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1338222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High protein titers are gaining importance in biopharmaceutical industry. A major challenge in the development of highly concentrated mAb solutions is their long-term stability and often incalculable viscosity. The complexity of the molecule itself, as well as the various molecular interactions, make it difficult to describe their solution behavior. To study the formulation stability, long- and short-range interactions and the formation of complex network structures have to be taken into account. For a better understanding of highly concentrated solutions, we combined established and novel analytical tools to characterize the effect of solution properties on the stability of highly concentrated mAb formulations. In this study, monoclonal antibody solutions in a concentration range of 50-200 mg/ml at pH 5-9 with and without glycine, PEG4000, and Na2SO4 were analyzed. To determine the monomer content, analytical size-exclusion chromatography runs were performed. ζ-potential measurements were conducted to analyze the electrophoretic properties in different solutions. The melting and aggregation temperatures were determined with the help of fluorescence and static light scattering measurements. Additionally, rheological measurements were conducted to study the solution viscosity and viscoelastic behavior of the mAb solutions. The so-determined analytical parameters were scored and merged in an analytical toolbox. The resulting scoring was then successfully correlated with long-term storage (40 d of incubation) experiments. Our results indicate that the sensitivity of complex rheological measurements, in combination with the applied techniques, allows reliable statements to be made with respect to the effect of solution properties, such as protein concentration, ionic strength, and pH shift, on the strength of protein-protein interaction and solution colloidal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Schermeyer
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna K. Wöll
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bas Kokke
- Synthon Biopharmaceuticals B.V., Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Eppink
- Synthon Biopharmaceuticals B.V., Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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Mahler HC, Allmendinger A. Stability, Formulation, and Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals. METHODS AND PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527699124.ch14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Allmendinger
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG; Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies Biologics EU, Late-Stage Pharmaceutical and Processing Development; Grenzacherstrasse 124 4070 Basel Switzerland
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50
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Chen E, Kliger DS. Time-Resolved Linear Dichroism Measurements of Carbonmonoxy Myoglobin as a Probe of the Microviscosity in Crowded Environments. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:7064-7074. [PMID: 28703591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b04107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of viscosities in living cells is heterogeneous because of the different sizes and natures of macromolecular components. When thinking about protein folding/function processes in such an environment, the relevant (micro)viscosity at the micrometer length scale is necessarily distinguished from the bulk (macro)viscosity. The concentration dependencies of microviscosities are determined by a number of factors, such as electrostatic interactions, van der Waals forces, and excluded volume effects. To explore such factors, the rotational diffusion time of myoglobin in the presence of varying concentrations of macromolecules that differ in molecular weight (dextran 6000, 10 000, and 70 000), shape (dextran versus Ficoll), size, and surface charge is measured with time-resolved linear dichroism spectroscopy. The results of these studies offer simple empirically determined linear and exponential functions useful for predicting microviscosities as a function of concentration for these macromolecular crowders that are typically used to study crowding effects on protein folding. To understand how relevant these microviscosity measurements are to intracellular environments, the TRLD results are discussed in the context of studies that measure viscosity in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eefei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - David S Kliger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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