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Li Y, Chen B. Gamma globulin combined with acyclovir for children with infectious mononucleosis and their effect on immune function. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:4399-4407. [PMID: 37434807 PMCID: PMC10331660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is characterized by pharyngitis, cervical lymphadenopathy, fatigue and fever. IM is most commonly seen in primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, with higher occurrence in children. OBJECTIVE To explore the value of gamma globulin combined with acyclovir for IM children and their impact on immune function. METHODS This prospective randomized controlled study recruited 111 children under 14 years old with IM from Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital during March 2019 and March 2022. Among them, 11 children dropped out, and 100 eligible children were randomized 1:1 into a control group and a study group. The control group received acyclovir, and the study group received additional gamma globulin. The baseline data, clinical efficacy, immune function, and adverse reactions were collected and compared. RESULTS The study group had a shorter antipyretic time, lymph node reduction time, pharyngitis improvement time, and hospital stay compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The study group yielded lower levels of total white blood cell count, alanine aminotransferase, and creatine kinase-MB than the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of CD3+ and CD8+ were lower, and the levels of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, IgA, and IgG were higher in the study group than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups was comparable (14.00% vs. 24.00%). The positive rates of EBV-specific antibody and nuclear antigen in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The combined treatment of gamma globulin and acyclovir is a promising alternative for patients with IM compared to acyclovir alone. This combined regimen shortens the duration of clinical manifestations in children, promotes the recovery of laboratory indices, improves clinical efficacy, and enhances immune function. Furthermore, its safety profile is acceptable, warranting its further promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital No. 39, Wangjiang East Road, Baohe District, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Biquan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital No. 39, Wangjiang East Road, Baohe District, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
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Nakauchi Y, Nishinami S, Shiraki K. Glass-like protein condensate for the long-term storage of proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:162-7. [PMID: 33836199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Long-term storage of proteins at ambient temperature is required for applications in pharmaceutics and biotechnology. Lyophilization is a versatile approach for stabilizing proteins at ambient temperature, although its freezing and drying processes negatively affect the protein structure. In this study, we show a glass-like protein condensate (GLPC) as a new method for protein stabilization at ambient temperature. Various protein types, including immunoglobulin G, gamma globulin, albumin, and chymotrypsin, formed a glassy state during ultracentrifugation and natural drying, while proteins that tend to crystalize, such as hen egg-white lysozyme, did not. The GLPCs were characterized by a transparent solid state, similar to a dry glass ball. Importantly, the GLPCs were dissolved easily in saline solution at a physiological concentration, thereby retaining their native structures and functions. The GLPCs preserved their native structures even after 1 year of incubation at ambient temperature. These results provide a framework for the development of protein preservation methods at ambient temperature other than lyophilization.
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HUANG S, LIU L, QIAN G, LIU W, WANG J, LI M, YANG G. The Improvement Effect of Different Doses of Gamma Globulin on the Disease Condition of Infants with Hemolytic Disease of Newborn and Their Effects on Immune Factors in Serum. Iran J Public Health 2020; 49:914-922. [PMID: 32953679 PMCID: PMC7475610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the effect of different doses of Gamma Globulin (GG) on the condition of children with Hemolytic Disease of Newborn (HDN) and the influence of immune factors in serum. METHODS Overall, 180 infants with hemolytic disease of newborn in the People's Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan, China from April 2016 to August 2018 were divided into group A (88 cases) and group B (92 cases). Group A was given intravenous low-dose GG on the basis of phototherapy, and group B was given intravenous high-dose GG on the basis of phototherapy. The level of serum total bilirubin of the infants, the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, IgA, IgG and IgM of the infants, the time of jaundice disappearance and the length of hospital stay, hemoglobin and reticulocyte levels were recorded before treatment and after treatment. The number and condition of adverse reactions were recorded. RESULTS After treatment, the levels of TBiL, hemoglobin and reticulocyte, the time of jaundice disappearance and hospital stay in group B were significantly lower than those in group A. The level of immune cells in group B was significantly higher than that in group A after 7 days of treatment, and the levels of IgA / IgG / IgM in group B were significantly higher than those in group A after 28 days of treatment. CONCLUSION Intravenous high-dose GG has a better effect on the condition of neonatal hemolytic disease patients, and more effectively improve the immune function of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen HUANG
- Department of Pediatrics, The People’s Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Lin LIU
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao 266034, China
| | - Guanglei QIAN
- Department of Pediatrics, The People’s Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Wenxue LIU
- Department of Pediatrics, The People’s Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Jialiang WANG
- Department of Radiology, The People’s Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Ming LI
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of TCM, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China,Corresponding Author:
| | - Guang YANG
- Department of Pediatrics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
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Niwa N, Matsumoto K, Ide H. The clinical implication of gamma globulin levels in patients with nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2019; 37:291.e1-291.e7. [PMID: 30630734 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The production of antibody, also referred immunoglobulin, is the principal functions of B cells. Gamma globulin fraction determined by serum protein electrophoresis is composed almost entirely of immunoglobulin. This study aimed to investigate the association between gamma globulin level and oncological outcomes in patients with nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 274 patients with NMIBC who underwent transurethral surgery between 2000 and 2015 were identified. One hundred forty-four patients (52.6%) had received adjuvant intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Gamma globulin fraction (%) was determined by serum protein electrophoresis, and gamma globulin level (mg/dl) was calculated by multiplying the total protein level (mg/dl) by the gamma globulin fraction (%). The association between gamma globulin levels and oncological outcomes was statistically evaluated. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 39 months, 99 (36.1%) patients experienced at least 1 tumor recurrence and 16 (5.8%) patients had disease progression. The median (interquartile range) gamma globulin level was 1.2 (1.0-1.3) mg/dl. Recurrence-free survival rate of patients with gamma globulin levels of ≥1.4 mg/dl was significant lower than that of patients with gamma globulin levels of <1.4 mg/dl (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in progression-free survival between the 2 groups (P = 0.17). Multivariate analysis revealed that gamma globulin level of ≥1.4 mg/dl is significantly associated with higher recurrence rate (hazard ratio = 1.83, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Gamma globulin level is significantly associated with tumor recurrence. Our results suggest that B cell immunity may be involved in tumor recurrence in patients with NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Niwa
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Hiroki Ide
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Sondhi V, Chakrabarty B, Kumar A, Kohli S, Saxena R, Verma IC, Gulati S. RANBP2 mutation in an Indian child with recurrent acute necrotizing encephalopathy. Brain Dev 2016; 38:937-942. [PMID: 27591117 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare disorder characterized by encephalopathy following a febrile illness, mostly viral. Most cases are sporadic; however, recurrent and familial cases have been linked to RANBP2 mutation. DESCRIPTION OF THE CASE This is a description of a three and half years old girl with recurrent ANE with RANBP2 mutation (c.1754 C>T (p.T585M)). She had two episodes of encephalopathy, each following a short non-specific febrile illness. Neuroradiologically, she had typical findings involving bilateral thalami during the first episode and involving bilateral temporal and occipital lobes, bilateral cerebellar hemispheres and brainstem during the second episode. She was managed with intravenous gamma globulin and dexamethasone during both the episodes. She recovered significantly with residual deficits in her cognitive and language domains. CONCLUSIONS In relevant clinic-radiological scenarios both isolated and recurrent ANE should be considered because of treatment and long-term outcome related implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Sondhi
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Biswaroop Chakrabarty
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Atin Kumar
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, Jaiprakash Narayan Apex Trauma Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sudha Kohli
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Saxena
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - I C Verma
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheffali Gulati
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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Abstract
A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of a single dose of 200,000 I.U. of vitamin A with daily zinc supplementation was conducted with children in Mojo village, Surabaya City. Children aged 48 to 60 months were randomized to receive a single dose of 200,000 I.U. of vitamin A plus zinc sulfate (n=12) or a single dose of 200,000 I.U. of vitamin A (n=12) plus placebo six days a week for six months. Children were evaluated weekly for nutrient intake and for IGF-1, C-reactive protein levels, gamma globulin levels, serum zinc, serum retinol, bone age and the index height for age at six months. At the end of the study, there was a significant increase in the serum retinol level (p<0.03), serum zinc level (p<0.03), IGF-1 hormone (p<0.04) and Z-score height for age (p<0.001), bone age (p<0.01), and gamma globulin level (p<0.04) and a significant decrease in the amount of infection/inflammation measured by CRP level (p<0.001). There was also a significant correlation between CRP level and height for age (p<0.01), and between gamma level and height for age (p<0.01). These results suggest that combined vitamin A and zinc supplementation reduces the risk of infection and increases linear growth among children, and thus may play a key role in controlling infection and stunted growth for children under five years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merryana Adriani
- Department of Nutrition School of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Bambang Wirjatmadi
- Department of Nutrition School of Public Health, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Valdovinos-Oregón D, Ramírez-Mayans J, Cervantes-Bustamante R, Toro-Monjaraz E, Cázares-Méndez M, Cadena-León J, Zárate-Mondragón F, Montijo-Barrios E. [Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia: twenty years of experience at a Mexican tertiary care hospital]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2014; 79:7-12. [PMID: 24655928 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia is a rare congenital disease described by Waldmann in 1961 that is a consequence of obstruction of the lymphatic drainage of the small bowel with secondary lymph vessel dilation. This distorts the architecture of the villi and causes a leakage of lymph into the intestinal lumen, resulting in protein-losing enteropathy and malabsorption. AIM To describe the clinical, biochemical, radiologic, endoscopic, and histologic characteristics in children with primary intestinal lymphangiectasia. METHOD A retrospective observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted that reviewed the case records of children diagnosed with primary intestinal lymphangiectasia that were seen at the Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition of the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría within the time frame of January 1, 1992 to September 30, 2012. RESULTS Four patients were found that presented with primary intestinal lymphangiectasia. Three of them had been diagnosed before 3 years of age. All the patients presented with chronic diarrhea, edema, lymphopenia, hypocalcemia, and hypogammaglobulinemia, and 3 patients presented with hypocholesterolemia. Bowel transit time, endoscopy, and intestinal biopsies were characteristic of this pathology. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal lymphangiectasia should be suspected when there is a clinical picture of chronic diarrhea and protein-losing enteropathy accompanied with edema at any level, as well as hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, lymphopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and hypocholesterolemia, which are the main biochemical findings of this pathology. All children presenting with intestinal lymphangiectasia should undergo an upper gastrointestinal series with bowel transit time and endoscopy with biopsies taken at the level of the duodenum. Treatment includes diet and the periodic administration of albumin and gamma globulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Valdovinos-Oregón
- Servicio de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, México, D.F., México.
| | - J Ramírez-Mayans
- Servicio de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, México, D.F., México
| | - R Cervantes-Bustamante
- Servicio de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, México, D.F., México
| | - E Toro-Monjaraz
- Servicio de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, México, D.F., México
| | - M Cázares-Méndez
- Servicio de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, México, D.F., México
| | - J Cadena-León
- Servicio de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, México, D.F., México
| | - F Zárate-Mondragón
- Servicio de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, México, D.F., México
| | - E Montijo-Barrios
- Servicio de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, México, D.F., México
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Andrés S, Jiménez A, Sánchez J, Alonso JM, Gómez L, López F, Rey J. Evaluation of some etiological factors predisposing to diarrhoea in lambs in "La Serena" (Southwest Spain). Small Rumin Res 2006; 70:272-275. [PMID: 32288215 PMCID: PMC7135622 DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2005] [Revised: 03/09/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study compares some etiological factors involved in the naturally occurrence of lamb scours in 18 Merino sheep farms randomly selected in the area of “La Serena” (Southwest Spain). A lack of influence of some variables (flock size, type of facilities, type of breeding, lambing percentage, isolation of Campylobacter jejuni, Rotavirus spp., Coronavirus spp. and Salmonella spp.) on lamb mortality rate was detected. The opposite was true for cleaning of the lambing areas, organization of lambing periods, accumulation of lambs in the pens, high content of fat, protein and lactose in milk and low serum gamma globulin and total protein in lambs and ewes. Cryptosporidium spp. and Escherichia coli isolation showed a trend to be linked to the presence of diarrhoea. A positive correlation was found between serum total protein in ewes and serum gamma globulin in lambs. Thus, the measure of serum total protein in ewes before lambing would be a valuable indicator of the risk of lamb scouring and it would be useful to establish an adequate programme to prevent this condition in the farms of this geographical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Andrés
- Department of Animal Health and Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - A Jiménez
- Department of Animal Health and Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - J Sánchez
- Department of Animal Health and Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - J M Alonso
- Department of Animal Health and Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - L Gómez
- Department of Animal Health and Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - F López
- Department of I+D, Regional Government, avda. Portugal s/n, 06800 Mérida, Spain
| | - J Rey
- Department of Animal Health and Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
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