1
|
Palakollu V, Motabar L, Roberts CJ. Impact of Glycosylation on Protein-Protein Self-Interactions of Monoclonal Antibodies. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1414-1423. [PMID: 38386020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Protein self-interactions measured via second osmotic virial coefficients (B22) and dynamic light scattering interaction parameter values (kD) are often used as metrics for assessing the favorability of protein candidates and different formulations during monoclonal antibody (MAb) product development. Model predictions of B22 or kD typically do not account for glycans, though glycosylation can potentially impact experimental MAb self-interactions. To the best of our knowledge, the impact of MAb glycosylation on the experimentally measured B22 and kD values has not yet been reported. B22 and kD values of two fully deglycosylated MAbs and their native (i.e., fully glycosylated) counterparts were measured by light scattering over a range of pH and ionic strength conditions. Significant differences between B22 and kD of the native and deglycosylated forms were observed at a range of low to high ionic strengths used to modulate the effect of electrostatic contributions. Differences were most pronounced at low ionic strength, indicating that electrostatic interactions are a contributing factor. Though B22 and kD values were statistically equivalent at high ionic strengths where electrostatics were fully screened, we observed protein-dependent qualitative differences, which indicate that steric interactions may also play a role in the observed B22 and kD differences. A domain-level coarse-grained molecular model accounting for charge differences was considered to potentially provide additional insight but was not fully predictive of the behavior across all of the solution conditions investigated. This highlights that both the level of modeling and lack of inclusion of glycans may limit existing models in making quantitatively accurate predictions of self-interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veerabhadraiah Palakollu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Lily Motabar
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chowdhury AA, Manohar N, Lanzaro A, Kimball WD, Witek MA, Woldeyes MA, Majumdar R, Qian KK, Xu S, Gillilan RE, Huang Q, Truskett TM, Johnston KP. Characterizing Protein-Protein Interactions and Viscosity of a Monoclonal Antibody from Low to High Concentration Using Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5563-5578. [PMID: 37782765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding protein-protein interactions and formation of reversible oligomers (clusters) in concentrated monoclonal antibody (mAb) solutions is necessary for designing stable, low viscosity (η) concentrated formulations for processing and subcutaneous injection. Here we characterize the strength (K) of short-range anisotropic attractions (SRA) for 75-200 mg/mL mAb2 solutions at different pH and cosolute conditions by analyzing structure factors (Seff(q)) from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Best fit simulations additionally provide cluster size distributions, fractal dimensions, cluster occluded volume, and mAb coordination numbers. These equilibrium properties are utilized in a model to account for increases in viscosity caused by occluded volume in the clusters (packing effects) and dissipation of stress across lubricated fractal clusters. Seff(q) is highly sensitive to K at 75 mg/mL where mAbs can mutually align to form SRA contacts but becomes less sensitive at 200 mg/mL as steric repulsion due to packing becomes dominant. In contrast, η at 200 mg/mL is highly sensitive to SRA and the average cluster size from SAXS/simulation, which is observed to track the cluster relaxation time from shear thinning. By analyzing the distribution of sub-bead hot spots on the 3D mAb surface, we identify a strongly attractive hydrophobic patch in the complementarity determining region (CDR) at pH 4.5 that contributes to the high K and consequently large cluster sizes and high η. Adding NaCl screens electrostatic interactions and increases the impact of hydrophobic attraction on cluster size and raises η, whereas nonspecific binding of Arg attenuates all SRA, reducing η. The hydrophobic patch is absent at higher pH values, leading to smaller K, smaller clusters, and lower η. This work constitutes a first attempt to use SAXS and CG modeling to link both structural and rheological properties of concentrated mAb solutions to the energetics of specific hydrophobic patches on mAb surfaces. As such, our work opens an avenue for future research, including the possibility of designing coarse-grained models with physically meaningful interacting hot spots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amjad A Chowdhury
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Neha Manohar
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Alfredo Lanzaro
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - William D Kimball
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Marta A Witek
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | | | - Ranajoy Majumdar
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - Ken K Qian
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - Shifeng Xu
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Richard E Gillilan
- Center for High Energy X-ray Sciences at CHESS, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Qingqiu Huang
- Center for High Energy X-ray Sciences at CHESS, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Keith P Johnston
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sato Y, Nagatoishi S, Noguchi S, Tsumoto K. Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Highly-Concentrated Antibodies under the Acid-Treated Conditions. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1853-1864. [PMID: 37160850 PMCID: PMC10421790 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antibody drugs are usually formulated as highly-concentrated solutions, which would easily generate aggregates, resulting in loss of efficacy. Although low pH increases the colloidal dispersion of antibodies, acid denaturation can be an issue. Therefore, knowing the physical properties at low pH under high concentration conditions is important. METHODS Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate pH-induced conformational changes of antibodies at 50 mg/ml. Experiments in pH 3 to 7 were performed for human serum IgG and recombinant rituximab. RESULTS We detected the evident changes at pH 3 in Tyr and Trp bands, which are the sensitive markers of intermolecular interactions. Thermal transition analysis over the pH range demonstrated that the thermal transition temperature (Tm) was highest at pH 3. Acid-treated and neutralized one showed higher Tm than that of pH 7, indicating that their extent of intermolecular interactions correlated with the Tm values. Onset temperature was clearly different between concentrated and diluted samples. Colloidal analyses confirmed the findings of the Raman analysis. CONCLUSION Our studies demonstrated the positive correlation between Raman analysis and colloidal information, validating as a method for evaluating antibody conformation associated with aggregation propensities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusui Sato
- Analytical Instruments R&D Division, HORIBA, Ltd., Kanda Awaji-cho 2-6, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0063, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
- Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Noguchi
- Bio·Life Science Center, HORIBA, Ltd., 2 Miyanohigashi, Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto, 601-8510, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
- Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chowdhury AA, Manohar N, Witek MA, Woldeyes MA, Majumdar R, Qian KK, Kimball WD, Xu S, Lanzaro A, Truskett TM, Johnston KP. Subclass Effects on Self-Association and Viscosity of Monoclonal Antibodies at High Concentrations. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37191356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a subclass of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on protein-protein interactions, formation of reversible oligomers (clusters), and viscosity (η) are not well understood at high concentrations. Herein, we quantify a short-range anisotropic attraction between the complementarity-determining region (CDR) and CH3 domains (KCDR-CH3) for vedolizumab IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 subclasses by fitting small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) structure factor Seff(q) data with an extensive library of 12-bead coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics simulations. The KCDR-CH3 bead attraction strength was isolated from the strength of long-range electrostatic repulsion for the full mAb, which was determined from the theoretical net charge and a scaling parameter ψ to account for solvent accessibility and ion pairing. At low ionic strength (IS), the strongest short-range attraction (KCDR-CH3) and consequently the largest clusters and highest η were observed with IgG1, the subclass with the most positively charged CH3 domain. Furthermore, the trend in KCDR-CH3 with the subclass followed the electrostatic interaction energy between the CDR and CH3 regions calculated with the BioLuminate software using the 3D mAb structure and molecular interaction potentials. Whereas the equilibrium cluster size distributions and fractal dimensions were determined from fits of SAXS with the MD simulations, the degree of cluster rigidity under flow was estimated from the experimental η with a phenomenological model. For the systems with the largest clusters, especially IgG1, the inefficient packing of mAbs in the clusters played the largest role in increasing η, whereas for other systems, the relative contribution from stress produced by the clusters was more significant. The ability to relate η to short-range attraction from SAXS measurements at high concentrations and to theoretical characterization of electrostatic patches on the 3D surface is not only of fundamental interest but also of practical value for mAb discovery, processing, formulation, and subcutaneous delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amjad A Chowdhury
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Neha Manohar
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Marta A Witek
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | | | - Ranajoy Majumdar
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - Ken K Qian
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - William D Kimball
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Shifeng Xu
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Alfredo Lanzaro
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Keith P Johnston
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chowdhury A, Manohar N, Guruprasad G, Chen AT, Lanzaro A, Blanco M, Johnston KP, Truskett TM. Characterizing Experimental Monoclonal Antibody Interactions and Clustering Using a Coarse-Grained Simulation Library and a Viscosity Model. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1120-1137. [PMID: 36716270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Attractive protein-protein interactions in concentrated monoclonal antibody (mAb) solutions may lead to the formation of clusters that increase viscosity. Here, we propose an analytical model that relates mAb solution viscosity to clustering by accounting for the contributions of suboptimal mAb packing within a cluster and cluster fractal dimension. The influence of short-range, anisotropic attractions and long-range Coulombic repulsion on cluster properties is investigated by analyzing the cluster-size distributions, cluster fractal dimensions, radial distribution functions, and static structure factors from a library of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. The library spans a vast range of mAb charges and attractive interactions in solutions of varying ionic strength. We present a framework for combining the viscosity model and simulation library to successfully characterize the attraction, repulsion, and clustering of an experimental mAb in three different pH and cosolute conditions by fitting the measured viscosity or structure factor from small-angle X-ray scattering. At low ionic strength, the cluster-size distribution is impacted by strong charges, and both the viscosity and net charge or structure factor and net charge must be considered to deconvolute the effects of short-range attraction and long-range repulsion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Chowdhury
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Neha Manohar
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Geetika Guruprasad
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Amy T Chen
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Alfredo Lanzaro
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Marco Blanco
- Analytical Enabling Capabilities, Analytical R&D, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey07065, United States
| | - Keith P Johnston
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States.,Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
How neutron scattering techniques benefit investigating structures and dynamics of monoclonal antibody. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130206. [PMID: 35872327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, great progresses have been made for the pharmaceutical industry of monoclonal antibody (mAb). More and more mAb products were approved for human therapeutics. This review describes the state of art of utilizing neutron scattering to investigate mAbs, in the aspects of structures, dynamics, physicochemical stability, functionality, etc. Firstly, brief histories of mAbs and neutron scattering, as well as some basic knowledges and principles of neutron scattering were introduced. Then specific examples were demonstrated. For the structure and structural evolution investigation of in dilute and concentrated mAbs solution, in situ small angle neutron scattering (SANS) was frequently utilized. Neutron reflectometry (NR) is powerful to probe the absorption behaviors of mAbs on various surfaces and interfaces. While for dynamic investigation, quasi-elastic scattering techniques such as neutron spin echo (NSE) demonstrate the capabilities. With this review, how to utilize and take advantages of neutron scattering on investigating structures and dynamics of mAbs were demonstrated and discussed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang F, Richter G, Bourgeois B, Spreitzer E, Moser A, Keilbach A, Kotnik P, Madl T. A General Small-Angle X-ray Scattering-Based Screening Protocol for Studying Physical Stability of Protein Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:69. [PMID: 35056965 PMCID: PMC8778066 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental step in developing a protein drug is the selection of a stable storage formulation that ensures efficacy of the drug and inhibits physiochemical degradation or aggregation. Here, we designed and evaluated a general workflow for screening of protein formulations based on small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Our SAXS pipeline combines automated sample handling, temperature control, and fast data analysis and provides protein particle interaction information. SAXS, together with different methods including turbidity analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and SDS-PAGE measurements, were used to obtain different parameters to provide high throughput screenings. Using a set of model proteins and biopharmaceuticals, we show that SAXS is complementary to dynamic light scattering (DLS), which is widely used in biopharmaceutical research and industry. We found that, compared to DLS, SAXS can provide a more sensitive measure for protein particle interactions, such as protein aggregation and repulsion. Moreover, we show that SAXS is compatible with a broader range of buffers, excipients, and protein concentrations and that in situ SAXS provides a sensitive measure for long-term protein stability. This workflow can enable future high-throughput analysis of proteins and biopharmaceuticals and can be integrated with well-established complementary physicochemical analysis pipelines in (biopharmaceutical) research and industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangrong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China;
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.R.); (B.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Gesa Richter
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.R.); (B.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Benjamin Bourgeois
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.R.); (B.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Emil Spreitzer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.R.); (B.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Armin Moser
- Anton Paar GmbH, 8054 Graz, Austria; (A.M.); (A.K.); (P.K.)
| | | | - Petra Kotnik
- Anton Paar GmbH, 8054 Graz, Austria; (A.M.); (A.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.R.); (B.B.); (E.S.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mahapatra S, Polimeni M, Gentiluomo L, Roessner D, Frieß W, Peters GHJ, Streicher WW, Lund M, Harris P. Self-Interactions of Two Monoclonal Antibodies: Small-Angle X-ray Scattering, Light Scattering, and Coarse-Grained Modeling. Mol Pharm 2021; 19:508-519. [PMID: 34939811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using light scattering (LS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and coarse-grained Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, we studied the self-interactions of two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), PPI03 and PPI13. With LS measurements, we obtained the osmotic second virial coefficient, B22, and the molecular weight, Mw, of the two mAbs, while with SAXS measurements, we studied the mAbs' self-interaction behavior in the high protein concentration regime up to 125 g/L. Through SAXS-derived coarse-grained representations of the mAbs, we performed MC simulations with either a one-protein or a two-protein model to predict B22. By comparing simulation and experimental results, we validated our models and obtained insights into the mAbs' self-interaction properties, highlighting the role of both ion binding and charged patches on the mAb surfaces. Our models provide useful information about mAbs' self-interaction properties and can assist the screening of conditions driving to colloidal stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Mahapatra
- Novozymes A/S, Biologiens Vej 2, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marco Polimeni
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Gentiluomo
- Wyatt Technology Europe GmbH, Hochstrasse 12a, 56307 Dernbach, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dierk Roessner
- Wyatt Technology Europe GmbH, Hochstrasse 12a, 56307 Dernbach, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frieß
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Günther H J Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Mikael Lund
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 14, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.,Advanced X-ray and Neutron Science (LINXS), Lund University, Scheelevägen 19, 22370 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pernille Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jakob LA, Beyer B, Janeiro Ferreira C, Lingg N, Jungbauer A, Tscheließnig R. Protein-protein interactions and reduced excluded volume increase dynamic binding capacity of dual salt systems in hydrophobic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1649:462231. [PMID: 34038776 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Deploying two salts in hydrophobic interaction chromatography can significantly increase dynamic binding capacities. Nevertheless, the mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon is lacking. Here, we investigate whether surface tension or ionic strength govern dynamic binding capacities of the chromatographic resin Toyopearl Butyl-650 M in dual salt systems. Small-angle X-ray scattering was employed to analyze the model proteins and the protein-resin adduct in the respective dual salt systems. The dual salt systems incorporate sodium citrate and a secondary sodium salt (acetate, sulfate, or phosphate). As model proteins, we used lysozyme, GFP, and a monoclonal antibody (adalimumab). Moreover, for the protein-resin adduct, we determined the model parameters of a self-avoiding random walk model fitted into the pair density distribution function of the SAXS data. Ionic strength is more predictive for dynamic binding capacities in HIC dual salt systems than surface tension. However, dynamic binding capacities still differ by up to 30 % between the investigated dual salt systems. The proteins exhibit extensive protein-protein interactions in the studied dual salt HIC buffers. We found a correlation of protein-protein interactions with the well-known Hofmeister series. For systems with elevated protein-protein interactions, adsorption isotherms deviate from Langmuirian behavior. This highlights the importance of lateral protein-protein interactions in protein adsorption, where monomolecular protein layers are usually assumed. SAXS analysis of the protein-resin adduct indicates an inverse correlation of the binding capacity and the excluded volume parameter. This is indicative of the deposition of proteins in the cavities of the stationary phase. We hypothesize that increasing protein-protein interactions allow the formation of attractive clusters and multilayers in the cavities, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leo A Jakob
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Austria
| | - Beate Beyer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria
| | | | - Nico Lingg
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria.
| | - Rupert Tscheließnig
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Law-Hine D, Rudiuk S, Bonestebe A, Ienco R, Huille S, Tribet C. Distinctive Low-Resolution Structural Features of Dimers of Antibody-Drug Conjugates and Parent Antibody Determined by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4902-4912. [PMID: 31618040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Structural features of lysine-conjugated antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) from humanized IgG1 were studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). As the physicochemical properties of the cytotoxic drug (payload) and linker may impact the conformational and colloidal stabilities of the conjugated monoclonal antibody (mAb), it is essential to characterize how the conjugation may affect the overall higher order structure and therefore the physical stability and integrity of the ADCs upon storage conditions. Here, the ADC monomer and aggregates generated upon thermal stress were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to SAXS with a particular focus on the fraction of dimers (3-10% depending on the storage conditions at 25 and 40 °C). In addition to average parameters such as radius of gyration, molecular weight, and maximal end-to-end distance, the structural information obtained from SAXS patterns were visualized as a low-resolution average envelope of both monomers and dimers (implementation of two methods: ab initio reconstruction and modeling Fab and Fc as rigid bodies with a flexible hinge). We showed that the monomer envelope of the ADC was similar to the corresponding (nonconjugated) parent monoclonal antibody (mAb). ADC dimers appeared more compact and less polydisperse than the dimers of mAb, which was also confirmed by atomic force microscopy. The generated envelopes of the mAb dimers suggest elongated structures with one or few inter-mAb contacts at the outermost region of Fab or Fc domains. The structural features of ADC dimers are independent of the tested pH buffering system (pH 5.0/acetate and pH 6.0/histidine with or without NaCl) and characterized by multiple, tighter contacts between the Fab and Fc domains and distortion of the monomer native shape. Results from the SAXS structural study show in the present case that conjugation has favored innermost inter-ADC contacts in the dimer, which differ from the inter-mAb ones. In general, it is likely that many parameters affect inter-ADC association, including the chemical nature of linkers and drugs, degree of conjugation, conjugation sites, etc. Making a qualitative difference between mAb and ADC dimers as a function of these parameters can help point to the presence of tight associations that must be abolished in protein drug formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didier Law-Hine
- Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - Sergii Rudiuk
- Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - Audrey Bonestebe
- Biologics Formulation & Process Development, Biologics Development, SANOFI R&D, 13 quai Jules Guesde- BP 14, Vitry-sur-Seine 94403, France
| | - Romain Ienco
- Biologics Formulation & Process Development, Biologics Development, SANOFI R&D, 13 quai Jules Guesde- BP 14, Vitry-sur-Seine 94403, France
| | - Sylvain Huille
- Biologics Formulation & Process Development, Biologics Development, SANOFI R&D, 13 quai Jules Guesde- BP 14, Vitry-sur-Seine 94403, France
| | - Christophe Tribet
- Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brosey CA, Tainer JA. Evolving SAXS versatility: solution X-ray scattering for macromolecular architecture, functional landscapes, and integrative structural biology. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 58:197-213. [PMID: 31204190 PMCID: PMC6778498 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) has emerged as an enabling integrative technique for comprehensive analyses of macromolecular structures and interactions in solution. Over the past two decades, SAXS has become a mainstay of the structural biologist's toolbox, supplying multiplexed measurements of molecular shape and dynamics that unveil biological function. Here, we discuss evolving SAXS theory, methods, and applications that extend the field of small-angle scattering beyond simple shape characterization. SAXS, coupled with size-exclusion chromatography (SEC-SAXS) and time-resolved (TR-SAXS) methods, is now providing high-resolution insight into macromolecular flexibility and ensembles, delineating biophysical landscapes, and facilitating high-throughput library screening to assess macromolecular properties and to create opportunities for drug discovery. Looking forward, we consider SAXS in the integrative era of hybrid structural biology methods, its potential for illuminating cellular supramolecular and mesoscale structures, and its capacity to complement high-throughput bioinformatics sequencing data. As advances in the field continue, we look forward to proliferating uses of SAXS based upon its abilities to robustly produce mechanistic insights for biology and medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris A Brosey
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology and Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - John A Tainer
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology and Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; MBIB Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu AY, Castellanos MM, Mattison K, Krueger S, Curtis JE. Studying Excipient Modulated Physical Stability and Viscosity of Monoclonal Antibody Formulations Using Small-Angle Scattering. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4319-4338. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Yuanyuan Xu
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Maria Monica Castellanos
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Kevin Mattison
- Malvern Panalytical, 117 Flanders Road, Westborough, Massachusetts 01581, United States
| | - Susan Krueger
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Joseph E. Curtis
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dear BJ, Chowdhury A, Hung JJ, Karouta CA, Ramachandran K, Nieto MP, Wilks LR, Sharma A, Shay TY, Cheung JK, Truskett TM, Johnston KP. Relating Collective Diffusion, Protein–Protein Interactions, and Viscosity of Highly Concentrated Monoclonal Antibodies through Dynamic Light Scattering. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barton J. Dear
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Amjad Chowdhury
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jessica J. Hung
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Carl A. Karouta
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kishan Ramachandran
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Maria P. Nieto
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Logan R. Wilks
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ayush Sharma
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tony Y. Shay
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jason K. Cheung
- Biophysical and Biochemical Characterization, Sterile Formulation Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Thomas M. Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Keith P. Johnston
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Enhancing Stability and Reducing Viscosity of a Monoclonal Antibody With Cosolutes by Weakening Protein-Protein Interactions. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2517-2526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
15
|
Hui GK, Gardener AD, Begum H, Eldrid C, Thalassinos K, Gor J, Perkins SJ. The solution structure of the human IgG2 subclass is distinct from those for human IgG1 and IgG4 providing an explanation for their discrete functions. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10789-10806. [PMID: 31088911 PMCID: PMC6635440 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human IgG2 antibody displays distinct therapeutically-useful properties compared with the IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4 antibody subclasses. IgG2 is the second most abundant IgG subclass, being able to bind human FcγRII/FcγRIII but not to FcγRI or complement C1q. Structural information on IgG2 is limited by the absence of a full-length crystal structure for this. To this end, we determined the solution structure of human myeloma IgG2 by atomistic X-ray and neutron-scattering modeling. Analytical ultracentrifugation disclosed that IgG2 is monomeric with a sedimentation coefficient (s20, w0) of 7.2 S. IgG2 dimer formation was ≤5% and independent of the buffer conditions. Small-angle X-ray scattering in a range of NaCl concentrations and in light and heavy water revealed that the X-ray radius of gyration (Rg ) is 5.2-5.4 nm, after allowing for radiation damage at higher concentrations, and that the neutron Rg value of 5.0 nm remained unchanged in all conditions. The X-ray and neutron distance distribution curves (P(r)) revealed two peaks, M1 and M2, that were unchanged in different buffers. The creation of >123,000 physically-realistic atomistic models by Monte Carlo simulations for joint X-ray and neutron-scattering curve fits, constrained by the requirement of correct disulfide bridges in the hinge, resulted in the determination of symmetric Y-shaped IgG2 structures. These molecular structures were distinct from those for asymmetric IgG1 and asymmetric and symmetric IgG4 and were attributable to the four hinge disulfides. Our IgG2 structures rationalize the existence of the human IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 subclasses and explain the receptor-binding functions of IgG2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gar Kay Hui
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Antoni D Gardener
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Halima Begum
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Eldrid
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Thalassinos
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Jayesh Gor
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Perkins
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang W, Ohtake S. Science and art of protein formulation development. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118505. [PMID: 31306712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein pharmaceuticals have become a significant class of marketed drug products and are expected to grow steadily over the next decade. Development of a commercial protein product is, however, a rather complex process. A critical step in this process is formulation development, enabling the final product configuration. A number of challenges still exist in the formulation development process. This review is intended to discuss these challenges, to illustrate the basic formulation development processes, and to compare the options and strategies in practical formulation development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Biological Development, Bayer USA, LLC, 800 Dwight Way, Berkeley, CA 94710, United States.
| | - Satoshi Ohtake
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Pfizer Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chesterfield, MO 63017, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dear BJ, Bollinger JA, Chowdhury A, Hung JJ, Wilks LR, Karouta CA, Ramachandran K, Shay TY, Nieto MP, Sharma A, Cheung JK, Nykypanchuk D, Godfrin PD, Johnston KP, Truskett TM. X-ray Scattering and Coarse-Grained Simulations for Clustering and Interactions of Monoclonal Antibodies at High Concentrations. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5274-5290. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b04478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barton J. Dear
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Bollinger
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Amjad Chowdhury
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jessica J. Hung
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Logan R. Wilks
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Carl A. Karouta
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kishan Ramachandran
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tony Y. Shay
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Maria P. Nieto
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ayush Sharma
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jason K. Cheung
- Biophysical and Biochemical Characterization, Sterile Formulation Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033 United States
| | - Dmytro Nykypanchuk
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - P. Douglas Godfrin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Keith P. Johnston
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Thomas M. Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hung JJ, Dear BJ, Karouta CA, Chowdhury AA, Godfrin PD, Bollinger JA, Nieto MP, Wilks LR, Shay TY, Ramachandran K, Sharma A, Cheung JK, Truskett TM, Johnston KP. Protein-Protein Interactions of Highly Concentrated Monoclonal Antibody Solutions via Static Light Scattering and Influence on the Viscosity. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:739-755. [PMID: 30614707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b09527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability to design and formulate mAbs to minimize attractive interactions at high concentrations is important for protein processing, stability, and administration, particularly in subcutaneous delivery, where high viscosities are often challenging. The strength of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of an IgG1 and IgG4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) from low to high concentration was determined by static light scattering (SLS) and used to understand viscosity data. The PPI were tuned using NaCl and five organic ionic co-solutes. The PPI strength was quantified by the normalized structure factor S(0)/ S(0)HS and Kirkwood-Buff integral G22/ G22,HS (HS = hard sphere) determined from the SLS data and also by fits with (1) a spherical Yukawa potential and (2) an interacting hard sphere (IHS) model, which describes attraction in terms of hypothetical oligomers. The IHS model was better able to capture the scattering behavior of the more strongly interacting systems (mAb and/or co-solute) than the spherical Yukawa potential. For each descriptor of PPI, linear correlations were obtained between the viscosity at high concentration (200 mg/mL) and the interaction strengths evaluated both at low (20 mg/mL) and high concentrations (200 mg/mL) for a given mAb. However, the only parameter that provided a correlation across both mAbs was the oligomer mass ratio ( moligomer/ mmonomer+dimer) from the IHS model, indicating the importance of self-association (in addition to the direct influence of the attractive PPI) on the viscosity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Hung
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Barton J Dear
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Carl A Karouta
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Amjad A Chowdhury
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - P Douglas Godfrin
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Jonathan A Bollinger
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States.,Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies , Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87185 , United States
| | - Maria P Nieto
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Logan R Wilks
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Tony Y Shay
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Kishan Ramachandran
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Ayush Sharma
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Jason K Cheung
- Pharmaceutical Sciences , MRL, Merck & Co., Inc. , Kenilworth , New Jersey 07033 , United States
| | - Thomas M Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Keith P Johnston
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang W, Roberts CJ. Protein aggregation – Mechanisms, detection, and control. Int J Pharm 2018; 550:251-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
20
|
Ignat M, Samoila P, Coromelci C, Sacarescu L, Asaftei I, Harabagiu V, Miron C. Plasma generation in liquid as a new efficient synthesis approach of titania–zinc ferrite nano(photo)catalyst. CR CHIM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
21
|
Castellanos MM, Howell SC, Gallagher DT, Curtis JE. Characterization of the NISTmAb Reference Material using small-angle scattering and molecular simulation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2141-2159. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
22
|
Characterization of the NISTmAb Reference Material using small-angle scattering and molecular simulation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2161-2171. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
23
|
Manning MC, Liu J, Li T, Holcomb RE. Rational Design of Liquid Formulations of Proteins. THERAPEUTIC PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES 2018; 112:1-59. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
24
|
Castellanos MM, Snyder JA, Lee M, Chakravarthy S, Clark NJ, McAuley A, Curtis JE. Characterization of Monoclonal Antibody-Protein Antigen Complexes Using Small-Angle Scattering and Molecular Modeling. Antibodies (Basel) 2017; 6:25. [PMID: 30364605 PMCID: PMC6197476 DOI: 10.3390/antib6040025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The determination of monoclonal antibody interactions with protein antigens in solution can lead to important insights guiding physical characterization and molecular engineering of therapeutic targets. We used small-angle scattering (SAS) combined with size-exclusion multi-angle light scattering high-performance liquid chromatography to obtain monodisperse samples with defined stoichiometry to study an anti-streptavidin monoclonal antibody interacting with tetrameric streptavidin. Ensembles of structures with both monodentate and bidentate antibody-antigen complexes were generated using molecular docking protocols and molecular simulations. By comparing theoretical SAS profiles to the experimental data it was determined that the primary component(s) were compact monodentate and/or bidentate complexes. SAS profiles of extended monodentate complexes were not consistent with the experimental data. These results highlight the capability for determining the shape of monoclonal antibody-antigen complexes in solution using SAS data and physics-based molecular modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Monica Castellanos
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (M.M.C.); (J.A.S.); (M.L.)
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - James A. Snyder
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (M.M.C.); (J.A.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Melody Lee
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (M.M.C.); (J.A.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Srinivas Chakravarthy
- Biophysics Collaborative Access Team-Sector 18ID, Illinois Institute of Technology, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA;
| | - Nicholas J. Clark
- Department of Drug Product Development, Amgen Incorporated, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91230, USA; (N.J.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Arnold McAuley
- Department of Drug Product Development, Amgen Incorporated, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91230, USA; (N.J.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Joseph E. Curtis
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (M.M.C.); (J.A.S.); (M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Corbett D, Hebditch M, Keeling R, Ke P, Ekizoglou S, Sarangapani P, Pathak J, Van Der Walle CF, Uddin S, Baldock C, Avendaño C, Curtis RA. Coarse-Grained Modeling of Antibodies from Small-Angle Scattering Profiles. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:8276-8290. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b04621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Corbett
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Max Hebditch
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Rose Keeling
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Peng Ke
- Formulation
Sciences, MedImmune Ltd, Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, U.K
| | - Sofia Ekizoglou
- Formulation
Sciences, MedImmune Ltd, Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, U.K
| | - Prasad Sarangapani
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777
Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | - Jai Pathak
- Vaccine
Research Center, National Institute of Health, 9 West Watkins Mill Road, Suite
250, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | | | - Shahid Uddin
- Formulation
Sciences, MedImmune Ltd, Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, U.K
| | - Clair Baldock
- Division
of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Carlos Avendaño
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Robin A. Curtis
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Da Vela S, Roosen-Runge F, Skoda MWA, Jacobs RMJ, Seydel T, Frielinghaus H, Sztucki M, Schweins R, Zhang F, Schreiber F. Effective Interactions and Colloidal Stability of Bovine γ-Globulin in Solution. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5759-5769. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b03510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Da Vela
- Institut
für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Felix Roosen-Runge
- Institut Max von Laue − Paul Langevin (ILL), CS 20156, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble Cedex 9, F-38042, France
| | - Maximilian W. A. Skoda
- Institut
für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Robert M. J. Jacobs
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Tilo Seydel
- Institut Max von Laue − Paul Langevin (ILL), CS 20156, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble Cedex 9, F-38042, France
| | - Henrich Frielinghaus
- Jülich
Centre for Neutron Science at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (JCNS at
MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, Garching D-85747, Germany
| | - Michael Sztucki
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), CS 40220, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble Cedex 9, F-38043, France
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Max von Laue − Paul Langevin (ILL), CS 20156, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble Cedex 9, F-38042, France
| | - Fajun Zhang
- Institut
für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut
für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fukuda M, Watanabe A, Hayasaka A, Muraoka M, Hori Y, Yamazaki T, Imaeda Y, Koga A. Small-scale screening method for low-viscosity antibody solutions using small-angle X-ray scattering. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 112:132-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
28
|
Liu T, Wang S, Song Y, Li J, Yan H, Tian W. ABx-type amphiphilic macromonomer-based supramolecular hyperbranched polymers for controllable self-assembly. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py02215d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel supramolecular hyperbranched polymer (SHP) is constructed through using an ABx-type amphiphilic macromonomer. The obtained SHP can form ellipsoidal unimolecular micelles and branched aggregates under different solution conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| | - Shuodong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| | - Yanli Song
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| | - Jiawei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| | - Hongxia Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| | - Wei Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Utility of Solution X-Ray Scattering for the Development of Antibody Biopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:3278-3289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
30
|
Borwankar AU, Dear BJ, Twu A, Hung JJ, Dinin AK, Wilson BK, Yue J, Maynard JA, Truskett TM, Johnston KP. Viscosity Reduction of a Concentrated Monoclonal Antibody with Arginine·HCl and Arginine·Glutamate. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b02042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ameya U. Borwankar
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Barton J. Dear
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - April Twu
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jessica J. Hung
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Aileen K. Dinin
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Brian K. Wilson
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jingyan Yue
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Maynard
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Thomas M. Truskett
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Keith P. Johnston
- McKetta Department of Chemical
Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fukuda M, Moriyama C, Yamazaki T, Imaeda Y, Koga A. Quantitative Correlation between Viscosity of Concentrated MAb Solutions and Particle Size Parameters Obtained from Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. Pharm Res 2015; 32:3803-12. [PMID: 26078002 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between viscosity of concentrated MAb solutions and particle size parameters obtained from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). METHODS The viscosity of three MAb solutions (MAb1, MAb2, and MAb3; 40-200 mg/mL) was measured by electromagnetically spinning viscometer. The protein interactions of MAb solutions (at 60 mg/mL) was evaluated by SAXS. The phase behavior of 60 mg/mL MAb solutions in a low-salt buffer was observed after 1 week storage at 25°C. RESULTS The MAb1 solutions exhibited the highest viscosity among the three MAbs in the buffer containing 50 mM NaCl. Viscosity of MAb1 solutions decreased with increasing temperature, increasing salt concentration, and addition of amino acids. Viscosity of MAb1 solutions was lowest in the buffer containing histidine, arginine, and aspartic acid. Particle size parameters obtained from SAXS measurements correlated very well with the viscosity of MAb solutions at 200 mg/mL. MAb1 exhibited liquid-liquid phase separation at a low salt concentration. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous addition of basic and acidic amino acids effectively suppressed intermolecular attractive interactions and decreased viscosity of MAb1 solutions. SAXS can be performed using a small volume of samples; therefore, the particle size parameters obtained from SAXS at intermediate protein concentration could be used to screen for low viscosity antibodies in the early development stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Fukuda
- Production Engineering Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-8543, Japan.
| | - Chifumi Moriyama
- Production Engineering Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-8543, Japan
| | - Tadao Yamazaki
- Production Engineering Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-8543, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Imaeda
- Production Engineering Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-8543, Japan
| | - Akiko Koga
- Production Engineering Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-8543, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Monoclonal Antibodies Follow Distinct Aggregation Pathways During Production-Relevant Acidic Incubation and Neutralization. Pharm Res 2015; 33:716-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
33
|
Castellanos MM, Pathak JA, Leach W, Bishop SM, Colby RH. Explaining the non-newtonian character of aggregating monoclonal antibody solutions using small-angle neutron scattering. Biophys J 2015; 107:469-476. [PMID: 25028888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody solution displays an increase in low shear rate viscosity upon aggregation after prolonged incubation at 40°C. The morphology and interactions leading to the formation of the aggregates responsible for this non-Newtonian character are resolved using small-angle neutron scattering. Our data show a weak repulsive barrier before proteins aggregate reversibly, unless a favorable contact with high binding energy occurs. Two types of aggregates were identified after incubation at 40°C: oligomers with radius of gyration ∼10 nm and fractal submicrometer particles formed by a slow reaction-limited aggregation process, consistent with monomers colliding many times before finding a favorable strong interaction site. Before incubation, these antibody solutions are Newtonian liquids with no increase in low shear rate viscosity and no upturn in scattering at low wavevector, whereas aggregated solutions under the same conditions have both of these features. These results demonstrate that fractal submicrometer particles are responsible for the increase in low shear rate viscosity and low wavevector upturn in scattered intensity of aggregated antibody solutions; both are removed from aggregated samples by filtering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Monica Castellanos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Jai A Pathak
- Formulation Sciences Department, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
| | - William Leach
- Formulation Sciences Department, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Steven M Bishop
- Formulation Sciences Department, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Ralph H Colby
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kimanius D, Pettersson I, Schluckebier G, Lindahl E, Andersson M. SAXS-Guided Metadynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:3491-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dari Kimanius
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Pettersson
- Modeling
and Structural Biology, Protein Engineering, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo
Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Gerd Schluckebier
- Modeling
and Structural Biology, Protein Engineering, Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo
Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Erik Lindahl
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Theoretical Physics and Swedish e-Science Research Center, Science
for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Solna, Sweden
| | - Magnus Andersson
- Department
of Theoretical Physics and Swedish e-Science Research Center, Science
for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Solna, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
It is well recognized that protein product development is far more challenging than that for small-molecule drugs. The major challenges include inherent sensitivity to different types of stresses during the drug product manufacturing process, high rate of physical and chemical degradation during long-term storage, and enhanced aggregation and/or viscosity at high protein concentrations. In the past decade, many novel formulation concepts and technologies have been or are being developed to address these product development challenges for proteins. These concepts and technologies include use of uncommon/combination of formulation stabilizers, conjugation or fusion with potential stabilizers, site-specific mutagenesis, and preparation of nontraditional types of dosage forms-semiaqueous solutions, nonfreeze-dried solid formulations, suspensions, and other emerging concepts. No one technology appears to be mature, ideal, and/or adequate to address all the challenges. These gaps will likely remain in the foreseeable future and need significant efforts for ultimate resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, MO, 63017.,Wang Biologics, LLC, 907 Wellesley Place, Chesterfield, Missouri, 63017
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kapp SJ, Larsson I, Van De Weert M, Cárdenas M, Jorgensen L. Competitive Adsorption of Monoclonal Antibodies and Nonionic Surfactants at Solid Hydrophobic Surfaces. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:593-601. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
37
|
Remmele RL, Bee JS, Phillips JJ, Mo WD, Higazi DR, Zhang J, Lindo V, Kippen AD. Characterization of Monoclonal Antibody Aggregates and Emerging Technologies. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2015-1202.ch005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Remmele
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Jared S. Bee
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan J. Phillips
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Wenjun David Mo
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R. Higazi
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian Lindo
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair D. Kippen
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
- Analytical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutical Development, MedImmune Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Geng SB, Cheung JK, Narasimhan C, Shameem M, Tessier PM. Improving monoclonal antibody selection and engineering using measurements of colloidal protein interactions. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3356-3363. [PMID: 25209466 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A limitation of using mAbs as therapeutic molecules is their propensity to associate with themselves and/or with other molecules via nonaffinity (colloidal) interactions. This can lead to a variety of problems ranging from low solubility and high viscosity to off-target binding and fast antibody clearance. Measuring such colloidal interactions is challenging given that they are weak and potentially involve diverse target molecules. Nevertheless, assessing these weak interactions-especially during early antibody discovery and lead candidate optimization-is critical to preventing problems that can arise later in the development process. Here we review advances in developing and implementing sensitive methods for measuring antibody colloidal interactions as well as using these measurements for guiding antibody selection and engineering. These systematic efforts to minimize nonaffinity interactions are expected to yield more effective and stable mAbs for diverse therapeutic applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 103:3356-3363, 2014.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Geng
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Isermann Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Jason K Cheung
- Sterile Product and Analytical Development, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | - Chakravarthy Narasimhan
- Sterile Product and Analytical Development, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | - Mohammed Shameem
- Sterile Product and Analytical Development, Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | - Peter M Tessier
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Isermann Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tian X, Langkilde AE, Thorolfsson M, Rasmussen HB, Vestergaard B. Small-angle x-ray scattering screening complements conventional biophysical analysis: comparative structural and biophysical analysis of monoclonal antibodies IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1701-10. [PMID: 24700358 PMCID: PMC4298811 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A crucial step in the development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies is the selection of robust pharmaceutical candidates and screening of efficacious protein formulations to increase the resistance toward physicochemical degradation and aggregation during processing and storage. Here, we introduce small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to characterize antibody solution behavior, which strongly complements conventional biophysical analysis. First, we apply a variety of conventional biophysical techniques for the evaluation of structural, conformational, and colloidal stability and report a systematic comparison between designed humanized IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 with identical variable regions. Then, the high information content of SAXS data enables sensitive detection of structural differences between three IgG subclasses at neutral pH and rapid formation of dimers of IgG2 and IgG4 at low pH. We reveal subclass-specific variation in intermolecular repulsion already at low and medium protein concentrations, which explains the observed improved stability of IgG1 with respect to aggregation. We show how excipients dramatically influence such repulsive effects, hence demonstrating the potential application of extensive SAXS screening in antibody selection, eventual engineering, and formulation development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Tian
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Modern X-ray scattering studies of complex biological systems. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 24:716-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
41
|
Graewert MA, Svergun DI. Impact and progress in small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS). Curr Opin Struct Biol 2013; 23:748-54. [PMID: 23835228 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The advances made in small and wide angle X-ray scattering over the past decades have had a large impact on structural biology. Many new insights into challenging biological probes including large and transient complexes, flexible macromolecules as well as other exciting objects of various sizes were gained with this low resolution technique. Here, we review the recent developments in the experimental setups and in software for data collection and analysis, specifically for hybrid approaches. These progresses have allowed scientists to address a number of intriguing questions which could not be answered with other structural methods alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Graewert
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, EMBL c/o DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22603, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|