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Nose-to-brain delivery of rotigotine redispersible nanosuspension: In vitro and in vivo characterization. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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2
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Li M, Zhang C, Zhou L, Sun X, Wang T, Fu F. Continuous Activation of Dopamine Receptors Alleviates LPS-Induced Liver Injury in Mice via β-arrestin2 Dependent Akt/NF-κB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:853834. [PMID: 35359858 PMCID: PMC8963954 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.853834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies showed that dopamine receptors (DRs) agonists have anti-inflammatory effects. Rotigotine, a non-ergot dopamine receptor agonist, mainly actives DRD2/DRD3/DRD1. Rotigotine extended-release microspheres (RoMS) are a sustained-release formulation that can release sustainably rotigotine for more than 7 days after a single dose of RoMS. This study aimed to investigate whether RoMS can attenuate the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury of mice. The liver injury was evaluated by assaying serum transaminase and observing histopathological changes. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum were also detected. Western blot was employed to assay the expression of proteins in the Akt/NF-κB pathway. The results showed that pre-administration with a single dose of RoMS could inhibit the increase of serum transaminase induced by LPS, alleviate the pathological damage of liver tissue, and decrease the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. In addition, RoMS decreased Toll-like receptor 4 protein expression in liver tissue. RoMS mitigated liver injury by activating DRs and negatively regulating the β-arrestin2-dependent Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. The effects of RoMS could be weakened or abolished by the specific DRD2 antagonist, R121. In conclusion, activation of DRs inhibited the releases of pro-inflammatory cytokines and alleviated the immune-mediated liver injury induced by LPS in mice. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of RoMS may be related to the regulation of the β-arrestin2-dependent Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Fenghua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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3
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Application of neurotoxin- and pesticide-induced animal models of Parkinson's disease in the evaluation of new drug delivery systems. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2022; 72:35-58. [PMID: 36651528 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2022-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neuro-degenerative disease after Alzheimer´s disease. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as akinesia, bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural abnormalities, due to the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons and a decrease in the dopa-mine contents of the caudate-putamen structures. To this date, there is no cure for the disease and available treatments are aimed at controlling the symptoms. Therefore, there is an unmet need for new treatments for PD. In the past decades, animal models of PD have been proven to be valuable tools in elucidating the nature of the pathogenic processes involved in the disease, and in designing new pharmacological approaches. Here, we review the use of neurotoxin-induced and pesticide-induced animal models of PD, specifically those induced by rotenone, paraquat, maneb, MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) and 6-OHDA (6-hydroxydopamine), and their application in the development of new drug delivery systems for PD.
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Merlin JPJ, Li X. Role of Nanotechnology and Their Perspectives in the Treatment of Kidney Diseases. Front Genet 2022; 12:817974. [PMID: 35069707 PMCID: PMC8766413 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.817974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are differing in particle size, charge, shape, and compatibility of targeting ligands, which are linked to improved pharmacologic characteristics, targetability, and bioavailability. Researchers are now tasked with developing a solution for enhanced renal treatment that is free of side effects and delivers the medicine to the active spot. A growing number of nano-based medication delivery devices are being used to treat renal disorders. Kidney disease management and treatment are currently causing a substantial global burden. Renal problems are multistep processes involving the accumulation of a wide range of molecular and genetic alterations that have been related to a variety of kidney diseases. Renal filtration is a key channel for drug elimination in the kidney, as well as a burgeoning topic of nanomedicine. Although the use of nanotechnology in the treatment of renal illnesses is still in its early phases, it offers a lot of potentials. In this review, we summarized the properties of the kidney and characteristics of drug delivery systems, which affect a drug’s ability should focus on the kidney and highlight the possibilities, problems, and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Jose Merlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Saha P, Pandey MM. DoE-based validation of a HPLC-UV method for quantification of rotigotine nanocrystals: Application to in vitro dissolution and ex vivo nasal permeation studies. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:590-600. [PMID: 34783375 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The current work is focused on optimization, development, and validation of a sensitive and specific reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the estimation of rotigotine (RTG) in bulk and nanoformulations. The RP-HPLC method was effectively optimized using the concepts of design of experiments. Critical method variables (CMVs) were screened using Plackett-Burman design. Box-Behnken, a surface response methodology-based design, was further used for the optimization of CMVs with the number of theoretical plates and retention time (min) as responses. The optimized chromatographic conditions for the RP-HPLC method were: acetonitrile proportion: 54% v/v, pH of buffer: 5.0 (10 mM), and flow rate: 0.65 mL/min. The number of theoretical plates and retention time in the study were found to be 11206 and 7.65 min, respectively. The developed method exhibited good linearity (R2 = 0.9995) within a range of 25-600 ng/mL and LOD and LOQ were found to be 9 and 12 ng/mL, respectively. The developed RP-HPLC method was found sensitive, accurate, precise, specific, robust, and stability indicating according to the regulatory guidelines. The validated method was efficiently applied for in vitro dissolution study, ex vivo nasal permeation study, and estimation of drug content of RTG nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Saha
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Murali Monohar Pandey
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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6
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Li T, Wang L, Zhang L, Li B, Wang D, Zhang L, Wang T, Fu F. Rotigotine-loaded microspheres exerts the antinociceptive effect via central dopaminergic system. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174443. [PMID: 34464604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rotigotine-loaded microspheres (RoMS), a sustained-release formulation with a continuous release of rotigotine for more than 7 days in vivo, have been conducted a clinical trial for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous work from our laboratory showed that RoMS exerted an antinociceptive effect in rat models of inflammatory pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of action underlying the antinociceptive effect of RoMS. A rat model of inflammatory pain was prepared by an intraplantar injection of carrageenan. The hot plate test and the Randall-Selitto test were used to evaluate the effect of domperidone (selective D2 receptor antagonist), D2D3 shRNA, and naloxone (nonselective opioid receptor antagonist) on RoMS-mediated antinociceptive efficacy. The expressions of D2 and D3 receptors in the striatum and periaqueductal gray were measured by Western blotting. Intracerebroventricular injection of domperidone abated the antinociceptive effect of RoMS. However, intraperitoneal injection of domperidone had no significant effect on the antinociceptive action of RoMS. Intracerebroventricular injection with D2D3 shRNA significantly attenuated the expressions of D2 and D3 receptors in the striatum and the periaqueductal gray. D2 and D3 receptors silence significantly weakened RoMS-mediated antinociceptive effect. Intracerebroventricular injection of naloxone also alleviated the antinociceptive effect of RoMS. The results suggest that RoMS-mediated antinociceptive efficacy is associated with activating central dopamine D2 and D3 receptors. Opioid receptors play a role in the antinociceptive effect of RoMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Linjie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Baoxia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Daohui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Leiming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China.
| | - Fenghua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery Technologies, Luye Pharma Group Ltd., Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
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Ma P, Chen J, Qu H, Li Y, Li X, Tang X, Song Z, Xin H, Zhang J, Nai J, Li Z, Wang Z. Hypoxic targeting and activating TH-302 loaded transcatheter arterial embolization microsphere. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1412-1424. [PMID: 33096947 PMCID: PMC7594845 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1831102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor-derived and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) induced hypoxia microenvironment is closely related to the poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-302 loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based TACE microspheres were prepared to treat HCC through localized and sustained drug delivery. TH-302 microspheres with three different sizes were fabricated by an oil-in-water emulsion solvent evaporation method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectra (IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and drug release profiles. The in vitro antitumor potential was firstly evaluated in an HepG2 cell model under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Then, a VX-2 tumor-bearing rabbit model was established and performed TACE to investigate the in vivo drug tissue distribution and antitumor efficiency of TH-302 microspheres. Blood routine examination and histopathological examinations were also conducted to evaluate the safety of TH-302 microspheres. TH-302 microspheres with particle size 75–100 μm, 100–200 μm, and 200–300 μm were prepared and characterized by sphere morphology and sustained drug release up to 360 h. Compared with TH-302, the microspheres exhibited higher cytotoxicity, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle S phase retardation in HepG2 cells under hypoxic conditions. The microspheres also displayed continuous drug release in the liver tissue and better anti-tumor efficiency compared with TH-302 injection and lipiodol. Meanwhile, no serious toxicity appeared in the duration of treatment. Therefore, TH-302 microspheres showed to be feasible and effective for TACE and hold promise in the clinical for HCC chemoembolization therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkai Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haixian Qu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Department of Pathology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hainan Xin
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxue Nai
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Department of Pharmaceutics, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Yue S, Wang T, Yang Y, Fan Y, Zhou L, Li M, Fu F. Lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury could be attenuated by dopamine receptor agonist rotigotine via regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107798. [PMID: 34162160 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathological of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-Gal)-induced acute liver injury is similar to what is seen clinically, and be mediated by the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. A growing body of studies have shown that dopamine (DA) and DA receptor agonist are associated with inflammation and immune response. Rotigotine, a non-ergoline dopamine receptor agonist, is a drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Rotigotine-loaded microspheres (RoMS) is an intramuscular extended-release agent, which can steadily release rotigotine for more than 7 days after a single administration. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of rotigotine and RoMS on inflammation and acute liver injury induced by LPS/D-Gal in mice. The LPS/D-Gal-induced liver injury was evidenced by increases of serum aminotransferases activities and liver histological lesions. Pretreatment with rotigotine or RoMS not only ameliorated the liver histologic lesions, but also reduced the activities of serum aminotransferases and the production of TNF-α. It also showed that rotigotine and RoMS increased DA receptor 2 (DRD2) expression in LPS/D-Gal-exposed mice. Rotigotine and RoMS activated β-arrestin 2, inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, IκB and the transposition of NF-κB. In line with the above findings, the protective effects of rotigotine and RoMS were abrogated by haloperidol, a DA receptor antagonist. In conclusion, dopamine receptor agonist can regulate NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway and exert protective effects in LPS/D-Gal-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Yunqi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Yiqian Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Mingan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China
| | - Fenghua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, PR China.
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9
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Li T, Wang T, Wang L, Liu R, Zhang L, Zhai R, Fu F. Antinociceptive effects of rotigotine-loaded microspheres and its synergistic interactions with analgesics in inflammatory pain in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 891:173693. [PMID: 33160937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Rotigotine-loaded microspheres (RoMS) are sustained-release formulations with prolonged anti-Parkinson's effects. Given that pain is a non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease, this study investigated the antinociceptive effects of RoMS and their synergistic effects with analgesics on inflammatory pain. A model of inflammatory pain was prepared by intraplantarly injecting male Sprague-Dawley rats with carrageenan. The antinociceptive effects of RoMS, acetaminophen, and tramadol, both alone and in combination, were evaluated using the hind paw withdrawal latency in the hot plate test and Randall-Selitto test. The rotigotine concentrations in serum and tissues were assayed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Isobolographic analysis was performed to evaluate the nature of the interactions of RoMS with acetaminophen or tramadol. The results showed that hind paw withdrawal latency to thermal and mechanical stimuli was significantly increased on day 3 and 7 after administered RoMS. Rotigotine could be detected in serum and tissues 3 and 7 days after an intramuscular injection of RoMS. However, the rotigotine concentration fell the detection limit of the assay on day 14 after administration. RoMS produced synergistic antinociceptive effects in the inflammatory pain model when RoMS is combined with acetaminophen or tramadol. These findings suggest that RoMS can relieve inflammatory pain in rats. Furthermore, the combination of RoMS with acetaminophen or tramadol produces synergistic antinociception, which may be clinically worthy because combination therapies may reduce the drug doses required for antinociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Rongxia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Leiming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Rong Zhai
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China
| | - Fenghua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery Technologies, Luye Pharma Group Ltd., Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
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10
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Baskin J, Jeon JE, Lewis SJG. Nanoparticles for drug delivery in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2020; 268:1981-1994. [PMID: 33141248 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although effective symptomatic treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) have been available for some time, efficient and well-controlled drug delivery to the brain has proven to be challenging. The emergence of nanotechnology has created new opportunities not only for improving the pharmacokinetics of conventional therapies but also for developing novel treatment approaches and disease modifying therapies. Several exciting strategies including drug carrier nanoparticles targeting specific intracellular pathways and structural reconformation of tangled proteins as well as introducing reprogramming genes have already shown promise and are likely to deliver more tailored approaches to the treatment of PD in the future. This paper reviews the role of nanoparticles in PD including a discussion of both their composition and functional capacity as well as their potential to deliver better therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Baskin
- Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - June Evelyn Jeon
- Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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11
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Li K, Zhang Y, Tian E, Liu Z, Wang T, Fu F. The Effect of Rotigotine Extended-Release Microspheres Alone or With Celecoxib on the Inflammatory Pain. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:594387. [PMID: 33192533 PMCID: PMC7663167 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.594387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials of rotigotine extended-release microspheres (RTGT-MS), which provides a sustained release of rotigotine for near 2 weeks in vivo, have been conducted in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study was to investigate the analgesic effect of RTGT-MS, and to know whether RTGT-MS have synergistic interaction with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, celecoxib. The inflammatory pain model of rats was prepared by carrageenan-induced paw edema. The thermal and mechanical stimuli were applied and the hindpaw withdrawal latency (HWL) response was evaluated. Treatment with RTGT-MS increased the HWL in a dose-dependent manner. The ED50 of RTGT-MS was 24.68 ± 1.02 mg/kg. Isobolographic analysis shows that the combination of RTGT-MS and celecoxib resulted in a synergistic antinociceptive effect. Further results demonstrated that antinociceptive effect of RTGT-MS was accompanied with that PKA, cAMP, COX-2, and PGE2 levels were decreased. Chlorpromazine, a dopamine receptor blocker, not only weakened the analgesic effect of RTGT-MS, but also increased the levels of cAMP, PKA, COX-2, and PGE2. These findings provide a rationale for the combination of RTGT-MS and celecoxib in the treatment of PD, which may reduce the dose of celecoxib, thereby lowering the incidence of adverse effects and improving the pain management in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yijia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Enming Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Zikai Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Fenghua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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12
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Md S, Karim S, Saker SR, Gie OA, Hooi LC, Yee PH, Kang AWC, Zhe CK, Ian N, Aldawsari HM, Hosny KM, Alhakamy NA. Current Status and Challenges in Rotigotine Delivery. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2222-2232. [PMID: 32175832 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200316154300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rotigotine is a non-ergoline, high lipophilic dopamine agonist. It is indicated as the first-line therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) and Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS). However, the precise mechanism of rotigotine is yet to be known. Rotigotine has similar safety and tolerability to the other oral non-ergolinic dopamine antagonists in clinical trials, which include nausea, dizziness and somnolence. Neupro® was the first marketed transdermal patch formulation having rotigotine. The transdermal delivery system is advantageous as it enables continuous administration of the drug, thus providing steady-state plasma drug concentration for 24-hours. Intranasal administration of rotigotine allows the drug to bypass the blood-brain barrier enabling it to reach the central nervous system within minutes. Rotigotine can also be formulated as an extended-release microsphere for injection. Some challenges remain in other routes of rotigotine administration such as oral, parenteral and pulmonary, whereby resolving these challenges will be beneficial to patients as they are less invasive and comfortable in terms of administration. This review compiles recent work on rotigotine delivery, challenges and its future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Karim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanggetha R Saker
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Ooi A Gie
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Lim C Hooi
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Phua H Yee
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Alvin W C Kang
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Chen K Zhe
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Ng Ian
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Hibah M Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled M Hosny
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni- Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Nabil A Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Bhattamisra SK, Shak AT, Xi LW, Safian NH, Choudhury H, Lim WM, Shahzad N, Alhakamy NA, Anwer MK, Radhakrishnan AK, Md S. Nose to brain delivery of rotigotine loaded chitosan nanoparticles in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and animal model of Parkinson's disease. Int J Pharm 2020; 579:119148. [PMID: 32084576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rotigotine, a non-ergoline dopamine agonist, has been shown to be highly effective for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, despite its therapeutic potential, its' clinical applications were hindered due to low aqueous solubility, first-pass metabolism and low bioavailability. Therefore, we developed rotigotine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (RNPs) for nose-to-brain delivery and evaluated its neuronal uptake, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects using cell-based studies. The pharmacological effects of nose-to-brain delivery of the RNPs were also evaluated in an animal model of PD. The average particle size, particle size distribution and entrapment efficiency of the RNPs were found to be satisfactory. Exposure of RNPs for 24 h did not show any cytotoxicity towards SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Furthermore, the RNPs caused a decrease in alpha-synuclein (SNCA) and an increase in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in these cells, suggestion that the exposure alleviated some of the direct neurotoxic effects of 6-OHDA. Behavioral and biochemical testing of RNPs in haloperidol-induced PD rats showed a reversal of catalepsy, akinesia and restoration of swimming ability. A decrease in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and an increase in catalase activities were also observed in the brain tissues. The results from the animal model of PD show that intranasally-administered RNPs enhanced brain targeting efficiency and drug bioavailability. Thus, RNPs for nose-to-brain delivery has significant potential to be developed as a treatment approach for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrat K Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Angeline Tzeyung Shak
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lim Wen Xi
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Meng Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammu K Radhakrishnan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Singh AP, Biswas A, Shukla A, Maiti P. Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:33. [PMID: 31637012 PMCID: PMC6799838 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of nanomedicines is increasing rapidly with the promise of targeted and efficient drug delivery. Nanomedicines address the shortcomings of conventional therapy, as evidenced by several preclinical and clinical investigations indicating site-specific drug delivery, reduced side effects, and better treatment outcome. The development of suitable and biocompatible drug delivery vehicles is a prerequisite that has been successfully achieved by using simple and functionalized liposomes, nanoparticles, hydrogels, micelles, dendrimers, and mesoporous particles. A variety of drug delivery vehicles have been established for the targeted and controlled delivery of therapeutic agents in a wide range of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. After successful outcomes in preclinical and clinical trials, many of these drugs have been marketed for human use, such as Abraxane®, Caelyx®, Mepact®, Myocet®, Emend®, and Rapamune®. Apart from drugs/compounds, novel therapeutic agents, such as peptides, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and genes have also shown potential to be used as nanomedicines for the treatment of several chronic ailments. However, a large number of extensive clinical trials are still needed to ensure the short-term and long-term effects of nanomedicines in humans. This review discusses the advantages of various drug delivery vehicles for better understanding of their utility in terms of current medical needs. Furthermore, the application of a wide range of nanomedicines is also described in the context of major chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhand Pratap Singh
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Arpan Biswas
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Aparna Shukla
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005 India
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15
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Lafuente JV, Requejo C, Ugedo L. Nanodelivery of therapeutic agents in Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 245:263-279. [PMID: 30961870 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) as a motor disorder is pathologically featured by the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra compacta (SNc) and the consequent depletion of dopamine in the striatum. However, motor signs are detectable when the loss of dopaminergic striatal terminals exceeds to the dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in SN. Hence, recent evidences about the topological organization of the nigrostriatal system could provide novel insights about the progression of the neurodegenerative process as well as the correct application of the novel therapeutic strategies. Though dopaminergic drugs and different routes of administration have been proposed to treat PD, most of the effects are symptomatic with temporary effects resorting to invasive procedures to ameliorate the side effects. Since the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the main obstacle for most of molecules to access to the brain, ongoing research is focused on halting the progression of PD through the use of those technologies that allow the effective delivery and diffusion of therapeutic molecules to the central nervous system for bypassing BBB and avoiding the side effects. In this context, nanotechnology is emerging as a promising tool for drug delivery. In fact, nanodelivery of restorative treatments in PD, such as gene therapy increased the effectiveness of neurotrophic factors for restoring the dopamine deficit and improving motor deficit in rodent models. Therefore, the present review is focused on the description and identification of the available nanotherapies developed in experimental models of PD which could suppose an important advance for controlled delivery of nanobioactive components into the brain and one more step for the clinical projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
| | - Catalina Requejo
- Department of Neurology, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Luisa Ugedo
- Neuropharmacology Group, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Leioa, Spain
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Entecavir-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres for long-term therapy of chronic hepatitis-B: Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2019; 560:27-34. [PMID: 30711615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To avoid severe exacerbations in the load of hepatitis B virus (HBV) as a consequence of discontinuous use of anti-HBV drugs, entecavir (ETV), the first-line anti-HBV drug, was primally formulated as extended-release poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres in the present study. Because ETV is slightly soluble in water and in some other organic solvents used for microsphere preparation, methods for solid-microencapsulation were employed to fabricate the ETV microspheres. The optimized microspheres were evaluated for their morphology, particle size, drug loading, in vitro drug release, and in vivo pharmacokinetics in rats. The optimized formulation was found to have a mean particle size of 86 µm and drug loading of 13%. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction indicated that ETV existed in crystal, amorphous, and molecular states in the microspheres. In vitro and in vivo release revealed that the dissolution of ETV dominated the release process. The morphology of the microspheres and changes in the morphology during in vitro release were assessed by scanning electron microscopy. The novel ETV-MS described in this study should have great potential for clinical use as an alternative treatment against HBV.
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Tzeyung AS, Md S, Bhattamisra SK, Madheswaran T, Alhakamy NA, Aldawsari HM, Radhakrishnan AK. Fabrication, Optimization, and Evaluation of Rotigotine-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Nose-To-Brain Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E26. [PMID: 30634665 PMCID: PMC6359179 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to develop, optimize, and evaluate rotigotine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (RNPs) for nose-to-brain delivery. Rotigotine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by the ionic gelation method and optimized for various parameters such as the effect of chitosan, sodium tripolyphosphate, rotigotine concentration on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized using photon correlation spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The developed RNPs showed a small hydrodynamic particle size (75.37 ± 3.37 nm), small PDI (0.368 ± 0.02), satisfactory zeta potential (25.53 ± 0.45 mV), and very high entrapment efficiency (96.08 ± 0.01). The 24-h in vitro release and ex vivo nasal permeation of rotigotine from the nanoparticles were 49.45 ± 2.09% and 92.15 ± 4.74% while rotigotine solution showed corresponding values of 95.96 ± 1.79%and 58.22 ± 1.75%, respectively. The overall improvement ratio for flux and permeability coefficient were found to be 4.88 and 2.67 when compared with rotigotine solution. A histopathological study showed that the nanoparticulate formulation produced no toxicity or structural damage to nasal mucosa. Our results indicated that rotigotine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles provide an efficient carrier for nose-to-brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Shak Tzeyung
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Thiagarajan Madheswaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Nabil A Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hibah M Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ammu K Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
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18
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Xu LX, Wang TT, Geng YY, Wang WY, Li Y, Duan XK, Xu B, Liu CC, Liu WH. The direct analysis of drug distribution of rotigotine-loaded microspheres from tissue sections by LESA coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:5217-5223. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Simion V, Nadim WD, Benedetti H, Pichon C, Morisset-Lopez S, Baril P. Pharmacomodulation of microRNA Expression in Neurocognitive Diseases: Obstacles and Future Opportunities. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:276-290. [PMID: 27397479 PMCID: PMC5412696 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160630210422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in modulating brain functions and their implications in neurocognitive disorders there are currently significant efforts devoted in the field of miRNA-based therapeutics to correct and/or to treat these brain diseases. The observation that miRNA 29a/b-1 cluster, miRNA 10b and miRNA 7, for instance, are frequently deregulated in the brains of patients with neurocognitive diseases and in animal models of Alzheimer, Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases, suggest that correction of miRNA expression using agonist or antagonist miRNA oligonucleotides might be a promising approach to correct or even to cure such diseases. The encouraging results from recent clinical trials allow envisioning that pharmacological approaches based on miRNAs might, in a near future, reach the requirements for successful therapeutic outcomes and will improve the healthcare of patients with brain injuries or disorders. This review will focus on the current strategies used to modulate pharmacological function of miRNA using chemically modified oligonucleotides. We will then review the recent literature on strategies to improve nucleic acid delivery across the blood-brain barrier which remains a severe obstacle to the widespread application of miRNA therapeutics to treat brain diseases. Finally, we provide a state-of-art of current preclinical research performed in animal models for the treatment of neurocognitive disorders using miRNA as therapeutic agents and discuss future developments of miRNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorel Simion
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d’Orléans France, 45071 Orléans Cedex, France
| | - Wissem Deraredj Nadim
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d’Orléans France, 45071 Orléans Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Benedetti
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d’Orléans France, 45071 Orléans Cedex, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d’Orléans France, 45071 Orléans Cedex, France
| | - Severine Morisset-Lopez
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d’Orléans France, 45071 Orléans Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Baril
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d’Orléans France, 45071 Orléans Cedex, France
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Taddei RN, Spinnato F, Jenner P. New Symptomatic Treatments for the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 132:407-452. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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Development of near zero-order release PLGA-based microspheres of a novel antipsychotic. Int J Pharm 2017; 516:32-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wang A, Liu Y, Liang R, Zhang X, Sun K, Wu Z, Liu W. Preparation and evaluation of rotigotine-loaded implant for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and its evolution study. Saudi Pharm J 2016; 24:363-70. [PMID: 27275128 PMCID: PMC4881155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop rotigotine-loaded implants (RI) to achieve continuous release of rotigotine for long duration for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods RI was prepared by hot-melt extrusion method using poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) as the matrix. In vitro drug release was optimized by drug loading, melting temperature during preparing process and additives. The surface and internal morphology of RI was imaged by SEM. The in vivo release profile of RI was investigated on rat. Results RI prepared with PLGA 7525 5A showed sustained release of 40 days while suffering a lag phase, which was significantly shortened by blending 5050 2A and mannitol in the matrix. RI prepared by 7525 5A/5050 2A/mannitol = 55:10:5 (rotigotine 30%) showed a 40-day sustained release in vivo with no lag phase. The drug release from RI was also affected by drug loading and melting temperature probably due to the drug state existed in the implant. The evolution of implants during release process was correlated well with the drug release kinetics. Conclusion RI could achieve sustained drug release for 40 days which could supply an alternative of continuous dopaminergic stimulation (CDS) for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Yanxiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Rongcai Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Long-Acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Shandong Luye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No. 9 Baoyuan Road, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Long-Acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Shandong Luye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, No. 9 Baoyuan Road, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Kaoxiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Wanhui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
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Hernando S, Gartziandia O, Herran E, Pedraz JL, Igartua M, Hernandez RM. Advances in nanomedicine for the treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1267-85. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer‘s disease and Parkinson’s disease are the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. Despite all the efforts made by the scientific community, current available treatments have limited effectiveness, without halting the progression of the disease. That is why, new molecules such as growth factors, antioxidants and metal chelators have been raised as new therapeutical approaches. However, these molecules have difficulties to cross the blood–brain barrier limiting its therapeutic effect. The development of nanometric drug delivery systems may permit a targeted and sustained release of old and new treatments offering a novel strategy to treat these neurodegenerative disorders. This review summarized the main investigated drug delivery systems as promising approaches to treat Alzheimer‘s disease and Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hernando
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Oihane Gartziandia
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Enara Herran
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Manoli Igartua
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
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24
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Pahuja R, Seth K, Shukla A, Shukla RK, Bhatnagar P, Chauhan LKS, Saxena PN, Arun J, Chaudhari BP, Patel DK, Singh SP, Shukla R, Khanna VK, Kumar P, Chaturvedi RK, Gupta KC. Trans-blood brain barrier delivery of dopamine-loaded nanoparticles reverses functional deficits in parkinsonian rats. ACS NANO 2015; 9:4850-71. [PMID: 25825926 DOI: 10.1021/nn506408v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Sustained and safe delivery of dopamine across the blood brain barrier (BBB) is a major hurdle for successful therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder. Therefore, in the present study we designed neurotransmitter dopamine-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (DA NPs) to deliver dopamine to the brain. These nanoparticles slowly and constantly released dopamine, showed reduced clearance of dopamine in plasma, reduced quinone adduct formation, and decreased dopamine autoxidation. DA NPs were internalized in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells and dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and striatum, regions affected in PD. Treatment with DA NPs did not cause reduction in cell viability and morphological deterioration in SH-SY5Y, as compared to bulk dopamine-treated cells, which showed reduced viability. Herein, we report that these NPs were able to cross the BBB and capillary endothelium in the striatum and substantia nigra in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced rat model of PD. Systemic intravenous administration of DA NPs caused significantly increased levels of dopamine and its metabolites and reduced dopamine-D2 receptor supersensitivity in the striatum of parkinsonian rats. Further, DA NPs significantly recovered neurobehavioral abnormalities in 6-OHDA-induced parkinsonian rats. Dopamine delivered through NPs did not cause additional generation of ROS, dopaminergic neuron degeneration, and ultrastructural changes in the striatum and substantia nigra as compared to 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Interestingly, dopamine delivery through nanoformulation neither caused alterations in the heart rate and blood pressure nor showed any abrupt pathological change in the brain and other peripheral organs. These results suggest that NPs delivered dopamine into the brain, reduced dopamine autoxidation-mediated toxicity, and ultimately reversed neurochemical and neurobehavioral deficits in parkinsonian rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Pahuja
- †CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 80 MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
- §Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Delhi 110001, India
| | - Kavita Seth
- †CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 80 MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Anshi Shukla
- †CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 80 MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Rajendra Kumar Shukla
- †CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 80 MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | | | | | - Prem Narain Saxena
- †CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 80 MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Jharna Arun
- ∥CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Bhushan Pradosh Chaudhari
- †CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 80 MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
- §Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Delhi 110001, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Patel
- †CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 80 MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
- §Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Delhi 110001, India
| | - Sheelendra Pratap Singh
- †CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 80 MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Rakesh Shukla
- §Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Delhi 110001, India
- ∥CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Khanna
- †CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 80 MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
- §Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Delhi 110001, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- §Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Delhi 110001, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- †CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 80 MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
- §Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Delhi 110001, India
| | - Kailash Chand Gupta
- †CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 80 MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
- §Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Delhi 110001, India
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Yu X, Yao JY, He J, Tian JW. Protection of MPTP-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration by rotigotine-loaded microspheres. Life Sci 2015; 124:136-43. [PMID: 25640758 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study is to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of continuous dopaminergic stimulation (CDS) by rotigotine-loaded microspheres (RoMS) in a mouse model of MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) and to elucidate the potential mechanism underlying these effects. MAIN METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were treated either intramuscularly once with RoMS or twice daily for two weeks with rotigotine, and from the 9th day, MPTP (30 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected for the last 5 days. Following treatment, Parkinsonism scores were calculated and oxidative stress-related indicators in the striatum were performed. Neuroinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected in the striatum. Expression of apoptosis-related proteins B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) was measured in the striatum by Western blot. Nigral tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons and microglial cell markers, i.e., ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) and neuronal synaptosomes, were quantified to assess the neuroprotective efficacy of RoMS. KEY FINDINGS The administration of rotigotine significantly improved the Parkinsonism score, protected dopaminergic neurons with antioxidants, reduced microglial cell activation and the release of neuroinflammatory cytokines, and balanced the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in MPTP-treated mice. Interestingly, the neuroprotective properties of rotigotine were remarkably amplified by CDS treatment with RoMS. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that CDS therapy can play a neuroprotective role in an MPTP mouse model. Neuroprotective disease-modifying therapy may have the potential benefits of early treatment by normalizing compensatory mechanisms and may also help to delay dyskinesia in the later stages of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Jun-Yi Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Jie He
- State Key Laboratory of Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery Technologies, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Jing-Wei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery Technologies, Yantai 264003, PR China.
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Li X, Zhang R, Liang R, Liu W, Wang C, Su Z, Sun F, Li Y. Preparation and characterization of sustained-release rotigotine film-forming gel. Int J Pharm 2014; 460:273-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Blandini F, Armentero MT. Dopamine receptor agonists for Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 23:387-410. [PMID: 24313341 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.869209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prolonged administration of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) for Parkinson's disease (PD) is hampered by motor complications related to the progressive incapacity of residual nigrostriatal neurons to properly utilize the drug. Direct stimulation of dopaminergic (DAergic) receptors with specific compounds (DA agonists) has, therefore, become an additional therapeutic tool for PD. AREAS COVERED DA agonists have considerable anti-parkinsonian symptomatic efficacy, although they are less potent than l-DOPA. This review summarizes pre-clinical and clinical data on DA agonists and their role in treating PD. Specific focus was put on second-generation, first-line non-ergolinic DA agonists and their motor, non-motor and putative neuroprotective effects. The anti-parkinsonian potential of recently developed DA agonists that reached Phase II and III clinical trials was also addressed. EXPERT OPINION DA agonists can be useful along the whole natural course of PD, as monotherapy in the initial phase or combined with l-DOPA in advanced PD. Extended-release formulations have been developed for second-generation DA agonists, which are better appreciated by patients. Neuroprotective properties have been proposed for DA agonists, based on pre-clinical studies, but never convincingly demonstrated in patients. New DA agonists, with better symptomatic efficacy and devoid of the side effects that characterize current compounds, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Blandini
- IRCCS National Neurological Institute C. Mondino, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases , Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia , Italy +39 0382 380416 ; +39 0382 380448 ;
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Jenner P. Wearing Off, Dyskinesia, and the Use of Continuous Drug Delivery in Parkinson's Disease. Neurol Clin 2013; 31:S17-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Garbayo E, Ansorena E, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Drug development in Parkinson's disease: from emerging molecules to innovative drug delivery systems. Maturitas 2013; 76:272-8. [PMID: 23827471 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Current treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) are aimed at addressing motor symptoms but there is no therapy focused on modifying the course of the disease. Successful treatment strategies have been so far limited and brain drug delivery remains a major challenge that restricts its treatment. This review provides an overview of the most promising emerging agents in the field of PD drug discovery, discussing improvements that have been made in brain drug delivery for PD. It will be shown that new approaches able to extend the length of the treatment, to release the drug in a continuous manner or to cross the blood-brain barrier and target a specific region are still needed. Overall, the results reviewed here show that there is an urgent need to develop both symptomatic and disease-modifying treatments, giving priority to neuroprotective treatments. Promising perspectives are being provided in this field by rasagiline and by neurotrophic factors like glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. The identification of disease-relevant genes has also encouraged the search for disease-modifying therapies that function by identifying molecularly targeted drugs. The advent of new molecular and cellular targets like α-synuclein, leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine protein kinase 2 or parkin, among others, will require innovative delivery therapies. In this regard, drug delivery systems (DDS) have shown great potential for improving the efficacy of conventional and new PD therapy and reducing its side effects. The new DDS discussed here, which include microparticles, nanoparticles and hydrogels among others, will probably open up possibilities that extend beyond symptomatic relief. However, further work needs to be done before DDS become a therapeutic option for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Garbayo
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Ye L, Guan X, Tian J, Zhang J, Du G, Yu X, Yu P, Cen X, Liu W, Li Y. Three-month subchronic intramuscular toxicity study of rotigotine-loaded microspheres in SD rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 56:81-92. [PMID: 23454207 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Continuous dopaminergic stimulation (CDS) has been an important strategy of drug development for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Rotigotine is a non-ergoline D3/D2/D1 dopamine agonist for treating PD. As a new treatment option for CDS, rotigotine-loaded microspheres (RoMS), a long-acting sustained-release microspheres for injection with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) as drug carrier, are now being evaluated in clinical trial. In this study, subchronic toxicity of RoMS in SD rats has been characterized via intramuscular administration with RoMS (0-240 mg/kg/week) on a consecutive weekly dosing schedule for 3 months followed by 1-month recovery period. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was 45 mg/kg/week. One male at 240 mg/kg died from an extensive pulmonary embolism. The major toxicological effects were associated with the dopamine agonist-related pharmacodynamic properties of rotigotine (e.g. hyperactivity and stereotype, enlarged ovary, sporadic gastric mucous membrane lesions, decreased body weight, food consumption and prolactin, and increased mononuclear cell, neutrophil granulocyte, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) and foreign body removal reaction induced by poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and carboxymethycellulose sodium. At the end of recovery period, all findings had recovered to a normal level or to a certain degree except foreign body reaction at injection sites. RoMS has exhibited high safety on SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University & State Key Laboratory of Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery Technologies, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
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Tian J, Du G, Ye L, Yu X, Zhang J, Wang H, Yu P, Fu F, Liu W, Li Y, Cen X, Guan X. Three-month subchronic intramuscular toxicity study of rotigotine-loaded microspheres in Cynomolgus monkeys. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 52:143-52. [PMID: 23165154 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Continuous dopaminergic stimulation (CDS) is an important drug development strategy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Rotigotine is a non-ergoline D(3)/D(2)/D(1) dopamine receptor agonist for treating PD. As a new treatment option for CDS, rotigotine-loaded microspheres (RoMS), long-acting sustained-release microspheres with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) as drug carrier, are now being evaluated in clinical trial. In the present study, the subchronic toxicity in Cynomolgus monkeys has been characterized via intramuscular administration with RoMS at 0, 10, 40 and 160 mg/kg, weekly for 3 months with a 1-month recovery period. The NOAEL was 10 mg/kg/week. One male at 160 mg/kg died from an extensive pulmonary embolism. The major toxicological effects were associated with dopamine agonist-related pharmacodynamic properties of rotigotine (e.g., hyperactivity and stereotype, decreased serum prolactin level) and foreign body removal reaction induced by poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and carboxymethycellulose sodium (e.g., increased mononuclear cells and neutrophils, thymus atrophy and vacuolar degeneration of adrenal cortex, foreign body granuloma with foam cells accumulation at injection sites and foam cells accumulation in spleen and multiple lymph sinuses). At the end of recovery period, above findings recovered to a normal level or to a certain degree except vacuolar degeneration of adrenal gland. RoMS has exhibited high safety on monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University & State Key Laboratory of Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery Technologies, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
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