1
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Duché G, Sanderson JM. The Chemical Reactivity of Membrane Lipids. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3284-3330. [PMID: 38498932 PMCID: PMC10979411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
It is well-known that aqueous dispersions of phospholipids spontaneously assemble into bilayer structures. These structures have numerous applications across chemistry and materials science and form the fundamental structural unit of the biological membrane. The particular environment of the lipid bilayer, with a water-poor low dielectric core surrounded by a more polar and better hydrated interfacial region, gives the membrane particular biophysical and physicochemical properties and presents a unique environment for chemical reactions to occur. Many different types of molecule spanning a range of sizes, from dissolved gases through small organics to proteins, are able to interact with membranes and promote chemical changes to lipids that subsequently affect the physicochemical properties of the bilayer. This Review describes the chemical reactivity exhibited by lipids in their membrane form, with an emphasis on conditions where the lipids are well hydrated in the form of bilayers. Key topics include the following: lytic reactions of glyceryl esters, including hydrolysis, aminolysis, and transesterification; oxidation reactions of alkenes in unsaturated fatty acids and sterols, including autoxidation and oxidation by singlet oxygen; reactivity of headgroups, particularly with reactive carbonyl species; and E/Z isomerization of alkenes. The consequences of reactivity for biological activity and biophysical properties are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Duché
- Génie
Enzimatique et Cellulaire, Université
Technologique de Compiègne, Compiègne 60200, France
| | - John M Sanderson
- Chemistry
Department, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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2
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Wiedmer SK, Riekkola ML. Field-flow fractionation - an excellent tool for fractionation, isolation and/or purification of biomacromolecules. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1712:464492. [PMID: 37944435 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Field-flow fractionation (FFF) with its several variants, has developed into a mature methodology. The scope of the FFF investigations has expanded, covering both a wide range of basic studies and especially a wide range of analytical applications. Special attention of this review is given to the achievements of FFF with reference to recent applications in the fractionation, isolation, and purification of biomacromolecules, and from which especially those of (in alphabetical order) bacteria, cells, extracellular vesicles, liposomes, lipoproteins, nucleic acids, and viruses and virus-like particles. In evaluating the major approaches and trends demonstrated since 2012, the most significant biomacromolecule applications are compiled in tables. It is also evident that asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation is by far the most dominant technique in the studies. The industry has also shown current interest in FFF and adopted it in some sophisticated fields. FFF, in combination with appropriate detectors, handles biomacromolecules in open channel in a gentle way due to the lack of shear forces and unwanted interactions caused by the stationary phase present in chromatography. In addition, in isolation and purification of biomacromolecules quite high yields can be achieved under optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne K Wiedmer
- Department of Chemistry, POB 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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3
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Adick A, Hoheisel W, Schneid S, Mulac D, Azhdari S, Langer K. Challenges of nanoparticle albumin bound (nab™) technology: Comparative study of Abraxane® with a newly developed albumin-stabilized itraconazole nanosuspension. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 193:129-143. [PMID: 37918678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle albumin bound™ (nab™) technology is an established delivery platform for development of albumin stabilized nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for poorly water-soluble drugs. By using albumin for particle stabilization, nab™ technology does not require solubilizers or emulsifiers for the formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs for intravenous use. Despite the great potential, however, to date only two products based on nab™ technology have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration: Abraxane® (nab™ paclitaxel) and Fyarro® (nab™ rapamycin). In this study, the commercially available product Abraxane® was characterized in comparison to an albumin stabilized nanosuspension for the poorly water-soluble drug itraconazole. The aim of this study was to identify critical product parameters of the nanosuspensions depending on the manufacturing process in order to assess the transferability of nab™ technology to other drugs. The colloidal properties, stabilizing protein composition and particle disintegration behavior were analyzed. In addition, studies were carried out on the impact of the key process step, the high-pressure homogenization, using a design of experiments (DoE) approach. A nanosuspension comprising spherical, stable drug nanoparticles stabilized by a large fraction of dissolved albumin around the nanoparticles were identified. During the manufacturing process, the drug core was coated with a layer of albumin, which was cross-linked to a certain level. The Abraxane® and itraconazole suspensions differed in the analyzed protein fraction, with stronger cross-linking at the particle surface for Abraxane®. Both active pharmaceutical ingredients were present in the amorphous state as nanoparticles. In vitro disintegration studies performed to mimic a strong dilution during intravenous application showed the disintegration of the nanoparticles. All in all, the analysis underlined the transferability of the nab™ technology to selected other poorly water-soluble drugs with the great advantage of eliminating solubilizers and emulsifiers for intravenous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Adick
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University Muenster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Werner Hoheisel
- Invite GmbH, Formulation Technology, Chempark, Building W 32, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schneid
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Drug Product Development, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Dennis Mulac
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University Muenster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Suna Azhdari
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University Muenster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Klaus Langer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University Muenster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
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4
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Giordani S, Marassi V, Zattoni A, Roda B, Reschiglian P. Liposomes characterization for market approval as pharmaceutical products: Analytical methods, guidelines and standardized protocols. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115751. [PMID: 37778202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are nano-sized lipid-based vesicles widely studied for their drug delivery capabilities. Compared to standard carries they exhibit better properties such as improved site-targeting and drug release, protection of drugs from degradation and clearance, and lower toxic side effects. At present, scientific literature is rich of studies regarding liposomes-based systems, while 14 types of liposomal products have been authorized to the market by EMA and FDA and many others have been approved by national agencies. Although the interest in nanodevices and nanomedicine has steadily increased in the last two decades the development of documentation regulating and standardizing all the phases of their development and quality control still suffers from major inadequacy due to the intrinsic complexity of nano-systems characterization. Many generic documents (Type 1) discussing guidelines for the study of nano-systems (lipidic and not) have been proposed while there is a lack of robust and standardized methods (Type 2 documents). As a result, a widespread of different techniques, approaches and methodologies are being used, generating results of variable quality and hard to compare with each other. Additionally, such documents are often subject to updates and rewriting further complicating the topic. Within this context the aim of this work is focused on bridging the gap in liposome characterization: the most recent standardized methodologies suitable for liposomes characterization are here reported (with the corresponding Type 2 documents) and revised in a short and pragmatical way focused on providing the reader with a practical background of the state of the art. In particular, this paper will put the accent on the methodologies developed to evaluate the main critical quality attributes (CQAs) necessary for liposomes market approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Giordani
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Marassi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Roda
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Reschiglian
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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5
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Tretiakova D, Kobanenko M, Alekseeva A, Boldyrev I, Khaidukov S, Zgoda V, Tikhonova O, Vodovozova E, Onishchenko N. Protein Corona of Anionic Fluid-Phase Liposomes Compromises Their Integrity Rather than Uptake by Cells. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:681. [PMID: 37505047 PMCID: PMC10384875 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite the undisputable role of the protein corona in the biointeractions of liposome drug carriers, the field suffers from a lack of knowledge regarding the patterns of protein deposition on lipid surfaces with different compositions. Here, we investigated the protein coronas formed on liposomes of basic compositions containing combinations of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC), palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidylglycerol (POPG), and cholesterol. Liposome-protein complexes isolated by size-exclusion chromatography were delipidated and analyzed using label-free LC-MS/MS. The addition of the anionic lipid and cholesterol both affected the relative protein abundances (and not the total bound proteins) in the coronas. Highly anionic liposomes, namely those containing 40% POPG, carried corona enriched with cationic proteins (apolipoprotein C1, beta-2-glycoprotein 1, and cathelicidins) and were the least stable in the calcein release assay. Cholesterol improved the liposome stability in the plasma. However, the differences in the corona compositions had little effect on the liposome uptake by endothelial (EA.hy926) and phagocytic cells in the culture (U937) or ex vivo (blood-derived monocytes and neutrophils). The findings emphasize that the effect of protein corona on the performance of the liposomes as drug carriers occurs through compromising particle stability rather than interfering with cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Tretiakova
- Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology of Glycans and Lipids, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Kobanenko
- Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology of Glycans and Lipids, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Alekseeva
- Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology of Glycans and Lipids, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Boldyrev
- Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology of Glycans and Lipids, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Khaidukov
- Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Department of Chemical Biology of Glycans and Lipids, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor Zgoda
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, ul. Pogodinskaya 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Tikhonova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, ul. Pogodinskaya 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Vodovozova
- Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology of Glycans and Lipids, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Onishchenko
- Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology of Glycans and Lipids, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Bian J, Gobalasingham N, Purchel A, Lin J. The Power of Field-Flow Fractionation in Characterization of Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104169. [PMID: 37241911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) is a gentle, flexible, and powerful separation technique that is widely utilized for fractionating nanometer-sized analytes, which extend to many emerging nanocarriers for drug delivery, including lipid-, virus-, and polymer-based nanoparticles. To ascertain quality attributes and suitability of these nanostructures as drug delivery systems, including particle size distributions, shape, morphology, composition, and stability, it is imperative that comprehensive analytical tools be used to characterize the native properties of these nanoparticles. The capacity for AF4 to be readily coupled to multiple online detectors (MD-AF4) or non-destructively fractionated and analyzed offline make this technique broadly compatible with a multitude of characterization strategies, which can provide insight on size, mass, shape, dispersity, and many other critical quality attributes. This review will critically investigate MD-AF4 reports for characterizing nanoparticles in drug delivery, especially those reported in the last 10-15 years that characterize multiple attributes simultaneously downstream from fractionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bian
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nemal Gobalasingham
- Wyatt Technology Corporation, 6330 Hollister Ave, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - Anatolii Purchel
- Wyatt Technology Corporation, 6330 Hollister Ave, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA
| | - Jessica Lin
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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7
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Shakiba S, Shariati S, Wu H, Astete CE, Cueto R, Fini EH, Rodrigues DF, Sabliov CM, Louie SM. Distinguishing nanoparticle drug release mechanisms by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation. J Control Release 2022; 352:485-496. [PMID: 36280154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This research demonstrates the development, application, and mechanistic value of a multi-detector asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) approach to acquire size-resolved drug loading and release profiles from polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). AF4 was hyphenated with multiple online detectors, including dynamic and multi-angle light scattering for NP size and shape factor analysis, fluorescence for drug detection, and total organic carbon (TOC) to quantify the NPs and dissolved polymer in nanoformulations. The method was demonstrated on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs loaded with coumarin 6 (C6) as a lipophilic drug surrogate. The bulk C6 release profile using AF4 was validated against conventional analysis of drug extracted from the NPs and complemented with high performance liquid chromatography - quadrupole time-of-flight (HPLC-QTOF) mass spectrometry analysis of oligomeric PLGA species. Interpretation of the bulk drug release profile was ambiguous, with several release models yielding reasonable fits. In contrast, the size-resolved release profiles from AF4 provided critical information to confidently establish the release mechanism. Specifically, the C6-loaded NPs exhibited size-independent release rate constants and no significant NP size or shape transformations, suggesting surface desorption rather than diffusion through the PLGA matrix or erosion. This conclusion was supported through comparative experimental evaluation of PLGA NPs carrying a fully entrapped drug, enrofloxacin, which showed size-dependent diffusive release, along with density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicating a higher adsorption affinity of C6 onto PLGA. In summary, the development of the size-resolved AF4 method and data analysis framework fulfills salient analytical gaps to determine drug localization and release mechanisms from nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyda Shakiba
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States
| | - Saba Shariati
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Haoran Wu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States
| | - Carlos E Astete
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Rafael Cueto
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Elham H Fini
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Debora F Rodrigues
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States
| | - Cristina M Sabliov
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Stacey M Louie
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States.
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8
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Souza GK, Gallo A, Novicki LH, Neto HR, de Paula E, Marsaioli AJ, Cabeça LF. Inclusion Complex between Local Anesthetic/2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in Stealth Liposome. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134170. [PMID: 35807414 PMCID: PMC9267999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The drugs delivery system in the treatment of diseases has advantages such as reduced toxicity, increased availability of the drug, etc. Therefore, studies of the supramolecular interactions between local anesthetics (LAs) butamben (BTB) or ropivacaine (RVC) complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-βCD) and carried in Stealth liposomal (SL) are performed. 1H-NMR nuclear magnetic resonance (DOSY and STD) were used as the main tools. The displacements observed in the 1H-NMR presented the complexion between LAs and HP-βCD. The diffusion coefficients of free BTB and RVC were 7.70 × 10−10 m2 s−1 and 4.07 × 10−10 m2 s−1, and in the complex with HP-βCD were 1.90 × 10−10 m2 s−1 and 3.64 × 10−10 m2 s−1, respectively, which indicate a strong interaction between the BTB molecule and HP-βCD (98.3% molar fraction and Ka = 72.279 L/mol). With STD-NMR, the encapsulation of the BTB/HP-βCD and RVC/HP-βCD in SL vesicles was proven. Beyond the saturation transfer to the LAs, there is the magnetization transfer to the hydrogens of HP-βCD. BTB and RVC have already been studied in normal liposome systems; however, little is known of their behavior in SL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gredson Keiff Souza
- Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Rua Josué de Castro Cidade Universitária, Campinas CEP 13083-970, Brazil; (G.K.S.); (A.J.M.)
| | - André Gallo
- Chemistry Department, Technological Federal University of Parana, UTFPR, Avenida dos Pioneiros, Londrina CEP 86036-370, Brazil; (A.G.); (L.H.N.); (H.R.N.)
| | - Luiza Hauser Novicki
- Chemistry Department, Technological Federal University of Parana, UTFPR, Avenida dos Pioneiros, Londrina CEP 86036-370, Brazil; (A.G.); (L.H.N.); (H.R.N.)
| | - Heitor Rodrigues Neto
- Chemistry Department, Technological Federal University of Parana, UTFPR, Avenida dos Pioneiros, Londrina CEP 86036-370, Brazil; (A.G.); (L.H.N.); (H.R.N.)
| | - Eneida de Paula
- Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Rua Josué de Castro Cidade Universitária, Campinas CEP 13083-970, Brazil;
| | - Anita Jocelyne Marsaioli
- Chemistry Institute, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Rua Josué de Castro Cidade Universitária, Campinas CEP 13083-970, Brazil; (G.K.S.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Luis Fernando Cabeça
- Chemistry Department, Technological Federal University of Parana, UTFPR, Avenida dos Pioneiros, Londrina CEP 86036-370, Brazil; (A.G.); (L.H.N.); (H.R.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-43-98040615
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9
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Ventouri IK, Loeber S, Somsen GW, Schoenmakers PJ, Astefanei A. Field-flow fractionation for molecular-interaction studies of labile and complex systems: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1193:339396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Mast MP, Modh H, Champanhac C, Wang JW, Storm G, Krämer J, Mailänder V, Pastorin G, Wacker MG. Nanomedicine at the crossroads - A quick guide for IVIVC. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:113829. [PMID: 34174332 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For many years, nanomedicine is pushing the boundaries of drug delivery. When applying these novel therapeutics, safety considerations are not only a key concern when entering clinical trials but also an important decision point in product development. Standing at the crossroads, nanomedicine may be able to escape the niche markets and achieve wider acceptance by the pharmaceutical industry. While there is a new generation of drug delivery systems, the extracellular vesicles, standing on the starting line, unresolved issues and new challenges emerge from their translation from bench to bedside. Some key features of injectable nanomedicines contribute to the predictability of the pharmacological and toxicological effects. So far, only a few of the physicochemical attributes of nanomedicines can be justified by a direct mathematical relationship between the in vitro and the in vivo responses. To further develop extracellular vesicles as drug carriers, we have to learn from more than 40 years of clinical experience in liposomal delivery and pass on this knowledge to the next generation. Our quick guide discusses relationships between physicochemical characteristics and the in vivo response, commonly referred to as in vitro-in vivo correlation. Further, we highlight the key role of computational methods, lay open current knowledge gaps, and question the established design strategies. Has the recent progress improved the predictability of targeted delivery or do we need another change in perspective?
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11
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Shakiba S, Astete CE, Cueto R, Rodrigues DF, Sabliov CM, Louie SM. Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) with fluorescence and multi-detector analysis for direct, real-time, size-resolved measurements of drug release from polymeric nanoparticles. J Control Release 2021; 338:410-421. [PMID: 34453956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are typically designed to enhance the efficiency of drug delivery by controlling the drug release rate. Hence, it is critical to obtain an accurate drug release profile. This study presents the first application of asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) with fluorescence detection (FLD) to quantify release profiles of fluorescent drugs from polymeric NPs, specifically poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) NPs loaded with enrofloxacin (PLGA-Enro NPs). In contrast to conventional measurements requiring separation of the NPs and dissolved drugs (typically by dialysis) prior to quantification, AF4 provides in situ removal of unincorporated drugs, while the judicious combination of online FLD and UV detection selectively provides the entrapped drug and PLGA NP concentrations, respectively, and hence the drug loading. NP size and shape factors are simultaneously obtained by online dynamic and multi-angle light scattering (DLS, MALS) detectors. The AF4 and dialysis approaches were compared to evaluate drug release from PLGA-Enro NPs containing a high proportion (≈ 94%) of unincorporated (burst release) drug at three temperatures spanning the glass transition temperature (Tg ≈ 33 °C) of the NPs. The AF4 method clearly captured the temperature dependence of the drug release relative to Tg (from no release at 20 °C to rapid release at 37 °C). In contrast, dialysis was not able to distinguish differences in the extent or rate of release of the entrapped drug because of interferences from the burst release, as well as the dialysis lag time, as supported through a diffusion model and validation experiments on purified NPs with low burst release. Finally, the multi-detector AF4 analysis yielded unique size-dependent release profiles across the entire NP size distribution, with smaller NPs showing faster release consistent with radial diffusion from the NPs. Overall, this study demonstrates the novel application and advantages of multi-detector AF4 methods, particularly AF4-FLD, to obtain direct, size-resolved release profiles of fluorescent drugs from polymeric NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyda Shakiba
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States
| | - Carlos E Astete
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Rafael Cueto
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Debora F Rodrigues
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States
| | - Cristina M Sabliov
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
| | - Stacey M Louie
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States.
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12
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Quattrini F, Berrecoso G, Crecente-Campo J, Alonso MJ. Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation as a multifunctional technique for the characterization of polymeric nanocarriers. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:373-395. [PMID: 33521866 PMCID: PMC7987708 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The importance of polymeric nanocarriers in the field of drug delivery is ever-increasing, and the accurate characterization of their properties is paramount to understand and predict their behavior. Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) is a fractionation technique that has gained considerable attention for its gentle separation conditions, broad working range, and versatility. AF4 can be hyphenated to a plurality of concentration and size detectors, thus permitting the analysis of the multifunctionality of nanomaterials. Despite this potential, the practical information that can be retrieved by AF4 and its possible applications are still rather unfamiliar to the pharmaceutical scientist. This review was conceived as a primer that clearly states the "do's and don'ts" about AF4 applied to the characterization of polymeric nanocarriers. Aside from size characterization, AF4 can be beneficial during formulation optimization, for drug loading and drug release determination and for the study of interactions among biomaterials. It will focus mainly on the advances made in the last 5 years, as well as indicating the problematics on the consensus, which have not been reached yet. Methodological recommendations for several case studies will be also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Quattrini
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, Singular Research Centers, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Germán Berrecoso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, Singular Research Centers, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), IDIS Research Institute, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Crecente-Campo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, Singular Research Centers, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), IDIS Research Institute, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - María José Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, Singular Research Centers, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), IDIS Research Institute, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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13
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Britt HM, Prakash AS, Appleby S, Mosely JA, Sanderson JM. Lysis of membrane lipids promoted by small organic molecules: Reactivity depends on structure but not lipophilicity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz8598. [PMID: 32426467 PMCID: PMC7176411 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz8598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several organic molecules of low molecular weight (<150 Da) are demonstrated to have substantial membrane-lytic potential despite having a low predicted lipophilicity (logD < 1 at neutral pH). In aqueous liposome dispersions, 38 aromatic compounds were tested for their ability to either promote lipid hydrolysis or directly participate in chemical reactions with lipid molecules. Behaviors observed included acyl transfer from the lipid to form a lipidated compound, both with and without concomitant lysolipid formation; increases in the rate of lipid hydrolysis without lipidation; and no reactivity. The variation in activity, including a notably higher activity for heterocycles such as amino-substituted benzimidazoles and indazoles, demonstrates the potential to predict or "design-in" lytic activity once the rules that govern reactivity are better understood. The nature of this chemical instability has significant ramifications for the use or presence of lipids in diverse fields such as materials chemistry, food chemistry, and cell physiology.
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14
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Wallenwein CM, Nova MV, Janas C, Jablonka L, Gao GF, Thurn M, Albrecht V, Wiehe A, Wacker MG. A dialysis-based in vitro drug release assay to study dynamics of the drug-protein transfer of temoporfin liposomes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 143:44-50. [PMID: 31421208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Today, a growing number of nanotherapeutics is utilized to deliver poorly soluble compounds using the intravenous route of administration. The drug release and the direct transfer of the active pharmaceutical ingredient to serum proteins plays an important role in bioavailability and accumulation of the drug at the target site. It is closely related to the formation of a protein corona as well as the plasma protein binding of the compound. In the present study, two in vitro drug release methods, the flow-through cell and the dispersion releaser technology, were evaluated with regards to their capability to measure a time-resolved profile of the serum protein binding. In this context, the photosensitizer temoporfin and temoporfin-loaded liposomes were tested. While in the fine capillaries of the flow-through cell a rapid agglomeration of proteins occurred, the dispersion releaser technology in combination with the four-step model enabled the measurement of the transfer of drugs from liposomes to proteins. In presence of 10% of fetal calf serum approximately 20% of the model compound temoporfin were bound to serum proteins within the first 3 h. At higher serum concentration this binding remained stable for approximately 10 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal M Wallenwein
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt (Main), Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Mônica Villa Nova
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt (Main), Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Christine Janas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Laura Jablonka
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt (Main), Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Ge F Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Manuela Thurn
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt (Main), Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Volker Albrecht
- Biolitec Research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- Biolitec Research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias G Wacker
- National University of Singapore, Department of Pharmacy, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore.
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15
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Zhang X, Li Y, Shen S, Lee S, Dou H. Field-flow fractionation: A gentle separation and characterization technique in biomedicine. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Holzschuh S, Kaeß K, Bossa GV, Decker C, Fahr A, May S. Investigations of the influence of liposome composition on vesicle stability and drug transfer in human plasma: a transfer study. J Liposome Res 2016; 28:22-34. [DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2016.1247101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Holzschuh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany and
| | - Kathrin Kaeß
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany and
| | | | - Christiane Decker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany and
| | - Alfred Fahr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany and
| | - Sylvio May
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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