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Ferranti AS, Luessen DJ, Niswender CM. Novel pharmacological targets for GABAergic dysfunction in ADHD. Neuropharmacology 2024; 249:109897. [PMID: 38462041 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopment disorder that affects approximately 5% of the population. The disorder is characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and deficits in attention and cognition, although symptoms vary across patients due to the heterogenous and polygenic nature of the disorder. Stimulant medications are the standard of care treatment for ADHD patients, and their effectiveness has led to the dopaminergic hypothesis of ADHD in which deficits in dopaminergic signaling, especially in cortical brain regions, mechanistically underly ADHD pathophysiology. Despite their effectiveness in many individuals, almost one-third of patients do not respond to stimulant treatments and the long-term negative side effects of these medications remain unclear. Emerging clinical evidence is beginning to highlight an important role of dysregulated excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance in ADHD. These deficits in E/I balance are related to functional abnormalities in glutamate and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) signaling in the brain, with increasing emphasis placed on GABAergic interneurons driving specific aspects of ADHD pathophysiology. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have also highlighted how genes associated with GABA function are mutated in human populations with ADHD, resulting in the generation of several new genetic mouse models of ADHD. This review will discuss how GABAergic dysfunction underlies ADHD pathophysiology, and how specific receptors/proteins related to GABAergic interneuron dysfunction may be pharmacologically targeted to treat ADHD in subpopulations with specific comorbidities and symptom domains. This article is part of the Special Issue on "PFC circuit function in psychiatric disease and relevant models".
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Ferranti
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Deborah J Luessen
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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2
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Ameri P, Mercurio V, Pollesello P, Anker MS, Backs J, Bayes-Genis A, Borlaug BA, Burkhoff D, Caravita S, Chan SY, de Man F, Giannakoulas G, González A, Guazzi M, Hassoun PM, Hemnes AR, Maack C, Madden B, Melenovsky V, Müller OJ, Papp Z, Pullamsetti SS, Rainer PP, Redfield MM, Rich S, Schiattarella GG, Skaara H, Stellos K, Tedford RJ, Thum T, Vachiery JL, van der Meer P, Van Linthout S, Pruszczyk P, Seferovic P, Coats AJS, Metra M, Rosano G, Rosenkranz S, Tocchetti CG. A roadmap for therapeutic discovery in pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart failure. A scientific statement of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC and the ESC Working Group on Pulmonary Circulation & Right Ventricular Function. Eur J Heart Fail 2024. [PMID: 38639017 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.3236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with left heart failure (LHF) (PH-LHF) is one of the most common causes of PH. It directly contributes to symptoms and reduced functional capacity and negatively affects right heart function, ultimately leading to a poor prognosis. There are no specific treatments for PH-LHF, despite the high number of drugs tested so far. This scientific document addresses the main knowledge gaps in PH-LHF with emphasis on pathophysiology and clinical trials. Key identified issues include better understanding of the role of pulmonary venous versus arteriolar remodelling, multidimensional phenotyping to recognize patient subgroups positioned to respond to different therapies, and conduct of rigorous pre-clinical studies combining small and large animal models. Advancements in these areas are expected to better inform the design of clinical trials and extend treatment options beyond those effective in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Enrichment strategies, endpoint assessments, and thorough haemodynamic studies, both at rest and during exercise, are proposed to play primary roles to optimize early-stage development of candidate therapies for PH-LHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ameri
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Department, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valentina Mercurio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Interdepartmental Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CIRCET), and Interdepartmental Hypertension Research Center (CIRIAPA), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Piero Pollesello
- Content and Communication, Branded Products, Orion Pharma, Espoo, Finland
| | - Markus S Anker
- Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Klinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Intensivmedizin (Campus CBF), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, CIBERCV, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sergio Caravita
- Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Dalmine (BG), Italy
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS Ospedale San Luca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Frances de Man
- PHEniX laboratory, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension and Thrombosis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - George Giannakoulas
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aránzazu González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Guazzi
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Cardiology Division, San Paolo University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul M Hassoun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna R Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cristoph Maack
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC) and Medical Clinic I, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Vojtech Melenovsky
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Zoltan Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter P Rainer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Medicine, St. Johann in Tirol General Hospital, St. Johann in Tirol, Austria
| | | | - Stuart Rich
- Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Max-Rubner Center (CMR), Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Hall Skaara
- Pulmonary Hypertension Association Europe, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kostantinos Stellos
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung, DZHK), Heidelberg/Mannheim Partner Site, Heidelberg and Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ryan J Tedford
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jean Luc Vachiery
- Department of Cardiology, Hopital Universitaire de Bruxelles Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK, partner site Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| | - Piotr Pruszczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Petar Seferovic
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade University Medical Center, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology. ASST Spedali Civili and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Stephan Rosenkranz
- Department of Cardiology and Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Heart Center at the University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Interdepartmental Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CIRCET), and Interdepartmental Hypertension Research Center (CIRIAPA), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Yamamori Y, Robinson OJ. Thinking computationally in translational psychiatry. A commentary on Neville et al. (2024). Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2024; 24:384-387. [PMID: 38459406 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing focus on the computational aspects of psychiatric disorders in humans. This idea also is gaining traction in nonhuman animal studies. Commenting on a new comprehensive overview of the benefits of applying this approach in translational research by Neville et al. (Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience 1-14, 2024), we discuss the implications for translational model validity within this framework. We argue that thinking computationally in translational psychiatry calls for a change in the way that we evaluate animal models of human psychiatric processes, with a shift in focus towards symptom-producing computations rather than the symptoms themselves. Further, in line with Neville et al.'s adoption of the reinforcement learning framework to model animal behaviour, we illustrate how this approach can be applied beyond simple decision-making paradigms to model more naturalistic behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeya Yamamori
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver J Robinson
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
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Etuk SM, Treadway MT. Towards translational biomarkers for motivation: A commentary on Noback et al. (2024). Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2024; 24:279-280. [PMID: 38504049 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Etuk
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael T Treadway
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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5
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Taverna JA, Hung CN, Williams M, Williams R, Chen M, Kamali S, Sambandam V, Hsiang-Ling Chiu C, Osmulski PA, Gaczynska ME, DeArmond DT, Gaspard C, Mancini M, Kusi M, Pandya AN, Song L, Jin L, Schiavini P, Chen CL. Ex vivo drug testing of patient-derived lung organoids to predict treatment responses for personalized medicine. Lung Cancer 2024; 190:107533. [PMID: 38520909 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2024.107533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of global cancer-related mortality resulting in ∼ 1.8 million deaths annually. Systemic, molecular targeted, and immune therapies have provided significant improvements of survival outcomes for patients. However, drug resistance usually arises and there is an urgent need for novel therapy screening and personalized medicine. 3D patient-derived organoid (PDO) models have emerged as a more effective and efficient alternative for ex vivo drug screening than 2D cell culture and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. In this review, we performed an extensive search of lung cancer PDO-based ex vivo drug screening studies. Lung cancer PDOs were successfully established from fresh or bio-banked sections and/or biopsies, pleural effusions and PDX mouse models. PDOs were subject to ex vivo drug screening with chemotherapy, targeted therapy and/or immunotherapy. PDOs consistently recapitulated the genomic alterations and drug sensitivity of primary tumors. Although sample sizes of the previous studies were limited and some technical challenges remain, PDOs showed great promise in the screening of novel therapy drugs. With the technical advances of high throughput, tumor-on-chip, and combined microenvironment, the drug screening process using PDOs will enhance precision care of lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine A Taverna
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Chia-Nung Hung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Madison Williams
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of General Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan Williams
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of General Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meizhen Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Cheryl Hsiang-Ling Chiu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Pawel A Osmulski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Maria E Gaczynska
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daniel T DeArmond
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of General Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Baptist Health System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Christine Gaspard
- Dolph Briscoe, Jr. Library, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Meena Kusi
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC., Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Abhishek N Pandya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lina Song
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lingtao Jin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Chun-Liang Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Araiba S. The Evolution of the Conceptually Systematic Dimension and Its Current Functions in Applied Behavior Analysis. Perspect Behav Sci 2024; 47:1-27. [PMID: 38660509 PMCID: PMC11035531 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-024-00396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
What does it mean to be conceptually systematic in contemporary applied behavior analysis (ABA) research and practice? To answer this question, the present study conducted a historical analysis of ABA scholars' interpretations of the conceptually systematic dimension of ABA over the last 55 years. The present article found the current characteristics of the conceptually systematic dimension are indeed sufficient to suggest ABA's conceptual independence from the experimental analysis of behavior or any other subdisciplines of behavior analysis. Based on this finding, this article addresses the challenges in contemporary ABA field such as ABA's own basic and applied continuum, translational research, and its relationship with other disciplines' research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Araiba
- University of Hawaii, 1645 Ala Wai Blvd., Honolulu, HI 96815 USA
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Ananth MR, Gardus JD, Huang C, Palekar N, Slifstein M, Zaborszky L, Parsey RV, Talmage DA, DeLorenzo C, Role LW. Loss of cholinergic input to the entorhinal cortex is an early indicator of cognitive impairment in natural aging of humans and mice. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-3851086. [PMID: 38260541 PMCID: PMC10802688 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3851086/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In a series of translational experiments using fully quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with a new tracer specific for the vesicular acetylcholine transporter ([18F]VAT) in vivo in humans, and genetically targeted cholinergic markers in mice, we evaluated whether changes to the cholinergic system were an early feature of age-related cognitive decline. We found that deficits in cholinergic innervation of the entorhinal cortex (EC) and decline in performance on behavioral tasks engaging the EC are, strikingly, early features of the aging process. In human studies, we recruited older adult volunteers that were physically healthy and without prior clinical diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Using [18F]VAT PET imaging, we demonstrate that there is measurable loss of cholinergic inputs to the EC that can serve as an early signature of decline in EC cognitive performance. These deficits are specific to the cholinergic circuit between the medial septum and vertical limb of the diagonal band (MS/vDB; CH1/2) to the EC. Using diffusion imaging, we further demonstrate impaired structural connectivity in the tracts between the MS/vDB and EC in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Experiments in mouse, designed to parallel and extend upon the human studies, used high resolution imaging to evaluate cholinergic terminal density and immediate early gene (IEG) activity of EC neurons in healthy aging mice and in mice with genetic susceptibility to accelerated accumulation amyloid beta plaques and hyperphosphorylated mouse tau. Across species and aging conditions, we find that the integrity of cholinergic projections to the EC directly correlates with the extent of EC activation and with performance on EC-related object recognition memory tasks. Silencing EC-projecting cholinergic neurons in young, healthy mice during the object-location memory task impairs object recognition performance, mimicking aging. Taken together we identify a role for acetylcholine in normal EC function and establish loss of cholinergic input to the EC as an early, conserved feature of age-related cognitive decline in both humans and rodents.
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Karimi SA, Zahra FT, Martin LJ. IUPHAR review: Navigating the role of preclinical models in pain research. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107073. [PMID: 38232910 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a complex and challenging medical condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of chronic pain is a key goal of preclinical pain research so that more effective treatment strategies can be developed. In this review, we explore nociception, pain, and the multifaceted factors that lead to chronic pain by focusing on preclinical models. We provide a detailed look into inflammatory and neuropathic pain models and discuss the most used animal models for studying the mechanisms behind these conditions. Additionally, we emphasize the vital role of these preclinical models in developing new pain-relief drugs, focusing on biologics and the therapeutic potential of NMDA and cannabinoid receptor antagonists. We also discuss the challenges of TRPV1 modulation for pain treatment, the clinical failures of neurokinin (NK)- 1 receptor antagonists, and the partial success story of Ziconotide to provide valuable lessons for preclinical pain models. Finally, we highlight the overall success and limitations of current treatments for chronic pain while providing critical insights into the development of more effective therapies to alleviate the burden of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Asaad Karimi
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Fatama Tuz Zahra
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Loren J Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
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Bullivant J, Sen A, Page J, Graham RJ, Jungbluth H, Schara-Schmidt U, Lynch O, Bönnemann C, Hollander AD, Lennox A, Moat D, Saegert C, Amburgey K, Buj-Bello A, Dowling JJ, Marini-Bettolo C. The myotubular and centronuclear myopathy patient registry: a multifunctional tool for translational research. Neuromuscul Disord 2024; 35:42-52. [PMID: 38061948 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The Myotubular and Centronuclear Myopathy Registry is an international research database containing key longitudinal data on a diverse and growing cohort of individuals affected by this group of rare and ultra-rare neuromuscular conditions. It can inform and support all areas of translational research including epidemiological and natural history studies, clinical trial feasibility planning, recruitment for clinical trials or other research studies, stand-alone clinical studies, standards of care development, and provision of real-world evidence data. For ten years, it has also served as a valuable communications tool and provided a link between the scientific and patient communities. With the anticipated advent of disease-modifying therapies for these conditions, the registry is a key resource for the generation of post-authorisation data for regulatory decision-making, real world evidence, and patient-reported outcome measures. In this paper we present some key data from the current 444 registered individuals with the following genotype split: MTM1 n=270, DNM2 n=42, BIN1 n=4, TTN n=4, RYR1 n=12, other n=4, unknown n=108. The data presented are consistent with the current literature and the common understanding of a strong genotype/phenotype correlations in CNM, most notably the data supports the current knowledge that XLMTM is typically the most severe form of CNM. Additionally, we outline the ways in which the registry supports research, and, more generally, the importance of continuous investment and development to maintain the relevance of registries for all stakeholders. Further information on the registry and contact details are available on the registry website at www.mtmcnmregistry.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Bullivant
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anando Sen
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jess Page
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert J Graham
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology - Neuromuscular Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Schara-Schmidt
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Bönnemann
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | | | | | - Dionne Moat
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Kimberly Amburgey
- Division of Neurology, Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ana Buj-Bello
- Genethon, Evry 91000, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951, Evry 91000, France
| | - James J Dowling
- Division of Neurology, Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chiara Marini-Bettolo
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Upton DH, Ziegler DS, Tsoli M. Development of Orthotopic Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Pediatric Intracranial Tumors. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2806:75-90. [PMID: 38676797 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3858-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The development of clinically relevant and reliable models of central nervous system tumors has been instrumental in advancing the field of Neuro-Oncology. The orthotopic intracranial injection is widely used to study the growth, invasion, and spread of tumors in a controlled environment. Orthotopic models are performed to examine tumor cells isolated from a specific region in a patient in the same site or location in an animal model. Orthotopic brain tumor models are also utilized for preclinical testing of therapeutics as they closely recapitulate the behavior of such cancer and the brain environment of patients. Below, we describe our experiences in the development of murine models of pediatric brain tumors including diffuse midline glioma (DMG), glioblastoma (GBM), and medulloblastoma. The method provides an overview of intracranial stereotactic injections in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannielle H Upton
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David S Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Kid's Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
| | - Maria Tsoli
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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11
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Poulin P, Nicolas JM, Bouzom F. A New Version of the Tissue Composition-Based Model for Improving the Mechanism-Based Prediction of Volume of Distribution at Steady-State for Neutral Drugs. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:118-130. [PMID: 37634869 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In-vitro models are available in the literature for predicting the volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss) of drugs. The mechanistic model refers to the tissue composition-based model (TCM), which includes important factors that govern Vdss such as drug physiochemistry and physiological data. The recognized TCM published by Rodgers and Rowland (TCM-RR) and a subsequent adjustment made by Simulations Plus Inc. (TCM-SP) have been shown to be generally less accurate with neutral compared to ionized drugs. Therefore, improving these models for neutral drugs becomes necessary. The objective of this study was to propose a new TCM for improving the prediction of Vdss for neutral drugs. The new TCM included two modifications of the published models (i) accentuate the effect of the blood-to-plasma ratio (BPR) that should cover permeated molecules across the biomembranes, which is lacking in these models for neutral compounds, and (ii) use a different approach to estimate the binding in tissues. The new TCM was validated with a large dataset of 202 commercial and proprietary compounds including preclinical and clinical data. All scenario datasets were predicted more accurately with the TCM-New, whereas all statistical parameters indicate that the TCM-New showed significant improvements in terms of accuracy over the TCM-RR and TCM-SP. Predictions of Vdss were frequently more accurate for the TCM-new with 83% within twofold error versus only 50% for the TCM-RR. And more than 95% of the predictions were within threefold error and patient interindividual differences can be predicted with the TCM-New, greatly exceeding the accuracy of the published models. Overall, the new TCM incorporating BPR significantly improved the Vdss predictions in animals and humans for neutral drugs, and, hence, has the potential to better support the drug discovery and facilitate the first-in-human predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Poulin
- Consultant Patrick Poulin Inc., Québec City, Québec, Canada; School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | | | - François Bouzom
- DMPK, Development Science, UCB Pharma, Braine I'Alleud, Belgium; Current: Simulations Plus, Inc., 42505 10th Street West, Lancaster, CA 93534, USA
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12
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Hanssen KM, Fletcher JI, Kamili A. Generation of Orthotopic and Subcutaneous Patient-Derived Xenograft Models from Diverse Clinical Tissue Samples of Pediatric Extracranial Solid Tumors. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2806:55-74. [PMID: 38676796 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3858-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Realistic and renewable laboratory models that accurately reflect the distinct clinical features of childhood cancers have enormous potential to speed research progress. These models help us to understand disease biology, develop new research methods, advance new therapies to clinical trial, and implement personalized medicine. This chapter describes methods to generate patient-derived xenograft models of neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, two tumor types for which children with high-risk disease have abysmal survival outcomes and survivors have lifelong-debilitating effects from treatment. Further, this protocol addresses model development from diverse clinical tumor tissue samples, subcutaneous and orthotopic engraftment, and approaches to avoid model loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley M Hanssen
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jamie I Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alvin Kamili
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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13
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Young JW. 30 years of the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society: Perspectives on progress from Past Presidents. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105457. [PMID: 37925092 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jared W Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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14
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Elcoro M, Diller JW, Correa JC. Promoting Reciprocal Relations across Subfields of Behavior Analysis via Collaborations. Perspect Behav Sci 2023; 46:431-446. [PMID: 38144552 PMCID: PMC10733255 DOI: 10.1007/s40614-023-00386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Several barriers may inhibit the growth of behavior analysis as a more integrated and collaborative field. Two such barriers are siloed environments that reinforce a basic-applied distinction, and a lack of translational research pathways. We describe the perils of silos, and elaborate on potential solutions to increase reciprocal relations among subfields in behavior analysis. We promote a five-tiered system to classify research in behavior analysis, and discuss literature on cultivating effective intra and cross-disciplinary collaborations, including using the framework of metacontingencies to understand collaborations. We also propose quantitative and qualitative measures to examine whether the potential solutions increase intra and interdisciplinary interactions. These measures include bibliometric (e.g., citations across fields), sociometric (e.g., social network analysis), and narrative analysis. We apply some of these measures to publications from 2011-2022 from the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior and Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, and argue that behavior analysis overall may benefit from a more collaborative approach. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40614-023-00386-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirari Elcoro
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Framingham State University, 100 State Street, Framingham, MA 01701 USA
| | - James W. Diller
- Department of Psychological Science, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT USA
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15
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See AP, Smith ER. Evolution of clinical and translational advances in the management of pediatric arteriovenous malformations. Childs Nerv Syst 2023; 39:2807-2818. [PMID: 37462811 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-06077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) represent one of the most challenging diagnoses in pediatric neurosurgery. Until recently, the majority of AVMs was only identified after hemorrhage and primarily treated with surgery. However, recent advances in a wide range of fields-imaging, surgery, interventional radiology, radiation therapy, and molecular biology-have profoundly advanced the understanding and therapy of these complex lesions. Here we review the progress made in pediatric AVMs with a specific focus on innovations relevant to clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred P See
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward R Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, 02115, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Simard T, Jung R, Di Santo P, Sarathy K, Majeed K, Motazedian P, Short S, Dhaliwal S, Labinaz A, Sarma D, Ramirez FD, Froeschl M, Labinaz M, Holmes DR, Alkhouli M, Hibbert B. Evaluation of a Rabbit Model of Vascular Stent Healing: Application of Optical Coherence Tomography. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:1194-1204. [PMID: 37227686 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a management strategy for symptomatic obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Despite advancements, in-stent restenosis (ISR) still imparts a 1-2% annual rate of repeat revascularization-a focus of ongoing translational research. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides high resolution virtual histology of stents. Our study evaluates the use of OCT for virtual histological assessment of stent healing in a rabbit aorta model, enabling complete assessment of intraluminal healing throughout the stent. ISR varies based on intra-stent location, stent length, and stent type in a rabbit model-important considerations for translational experimental design. Atherosclerosis leads to more prominent ISR proliferation independent of stent-related factors. The rabbit stent model mirrors clinical observations, while OCT-based virtual histology demonstrates utility for pre-clinical stent assessment. Pre-clinical models should incorporate clinical and stent factors as feasible to maximize translation to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Simard
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Room H4238, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Richard Jung
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Room H4238, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Pietro Di Santo
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Room H4238, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kiran Sarathy
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Room H4238, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cardiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kamran Majeed
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Room H4238, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Pouya Motazedian
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Room H4238, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Spencer Short
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Room H4238, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shan Dhaliwal
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Room H4238, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alisha Labinaz
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Room H4238, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dhruv Sarma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - F Daniel Ramirez
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Room H4238, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Froeschl
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Room H4238, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marino Labinaz
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Room H4238, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David R Holmes
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mohamad Alkhouli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin Hibbert
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Room H4238, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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17
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Bell HL, Blair HJ, Singh M, Moorman AV, Heidenreich O, van Delft FW, Lunec J, Irving JAE. Targeting WEE1 kinase as a p53-independent therapeutic strategy in high-risk and relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:202. [PMID: 37715172 PMCID: PMC10502974 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcomes for patients with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are poor and there is a need for novel therapies to improve outcomes. Targeted inhibition of WEE1 with small-molecule inhibitor adavosertib (AZD1775) has emerged as a therapeutic strategy to sensitize cancer cells to DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics, particularly in the context of TP53-mutated tumors. However, WEE1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with high-risk and relapsed ALL, including those with TP53 mutations, has not been definitively evaluated. METHODS Anti-leukemic effects of adavosertib were investigated using a relapsed TP53 isogenic cell model system, primary patient, and patient-derived ALL samples (n = 27) in an ex vivo co-culture model system with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Combination effects with drugs currently used for relapsed ALL were quantified by Excess over Bliss analyses. Investigations for alterations of cell cycle and apoptosis as well as related proteins were examined by flow cytometry and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS Our study demonstrates the potent anti-leukemic activity of the clinically advanced WEE1 inhibitor adavosertib in a large majority (n = 18/27) of high-risk and relapsed ALL specimens at lower than clinically attainable concentrations, independent of TP53 mutation status. We show that treatment with adavosertib results in S-phase disruption even in the absence of DNA-damaging agents and that premature mitotic entry is not a prerequisite for its anti-leukemic effects. We further demonstrate that WEE1 inhibition additively and synergistically enhances the anti-leukemic effects of multiple conventional chemotherapeutics used in the relapsed ALL treatment setting. Particularly, we demonstrate the highly synergistic and cytotoxic combination of adavosertib with the nucleoside analog cytarabine and provide mechanistic insights into the combinational activity, showing preferential engagement of apoptotic cell death over cell cycle arrest. Our findings strongly support in vivo interrogation of adavosertib with cytarabine in xenograft models of relapsed and high-risk ALL. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data emphasize the functional importance of WEE1 in relapsed ALL cells and show WEE1 as a promising p53-independent therapeutic target for the improved treatment of high-risk and relapsed ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden L Bell
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translation and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer,, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helen J Blair
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translation and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer,, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mankaran Singh
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translation and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer,, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony V Moorman
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translation and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer,, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translation and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer,, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik W van Delft
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translation and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer,, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - John Lunec
- Bioscience Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Julie A E Irving
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translation and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer,, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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18
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Piekarski DJ, Zahr NM, Zhao Q, Ferizi U, Pohl KM, Sullivan EV, Pfefferbaum A. White matter microstructural integrity continues to develop from adolescence to young adulthood in mice and humans: Same phenotype, different mechanism. Neuroimage Rep 2023; 3:100179. [PMID: 37916059 PMCID: PMC10619509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2023.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
As direct evaluation of a mouse model of human neurodevelopment, adolescent and young adult mice and humans underwent MR diffusion tensor imaging to quantify age-related differences in microstructural integrity of brain white matter fibers. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was greater in older than younger mice and humans. Despite the cross-species commonality, the underlying developmental mechanism differed: whereas evidence for greater axonal extension contributed to higher FA in older mice, evidence for continuing myelination contributed to higher FA in human adolescent development. These differences occurred in the context of species distinctions in overall brain growth: whereas the continued growth of the brain and skull in the murine model can accommodate volume expansion into adulthood, human white matter volume and myelination continue growth into adulthood within a fixed intracranial volume. Appreciation of the similarities and differences in developmental mechanism can enhance the utility of animal models of brain white matter structure, function, and response to exogenous manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Piekarski
- Center for Health Science, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA, 94015, USA
| | - Natalie M. Zahr
- Center for Health Science, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA, 94015, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of, Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of, Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Uran Ferizi
- Center for Health Science, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA, 94015, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of, Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kilian M. Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of, Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of, Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Center for Health Science, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA, 94015, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of, Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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19
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Hurst CD, Dunn AR, Dammer EB, Duong DM, Seyfried NT, Kaczorowski CC, Johnson ECB. Genetic background influences the 5XFAD Alzheimer's disease mouse model brain proteome. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.12.544646. [PMID: 37398142 PMCID: PMC10312637 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.12.544646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing need to improve the translational validity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models. Introducing genetic background diversity in AD mouse models has been proposed as a way to increase validity and enable discovery of previously uncharacterized genetic contributions to AD susceptibility or resilience. However, the extent to which genetic background influences the mouse brain proteome and its perturbation in AD mouse models is unknown. Here we crossed the 5XFAD AD mouse model on a C57BL/6J (B6) inbred background with the DBA/2J (D2) inbred background and analyzed the effects of genetic background variation on the brain proteome in F1 progeny. Both genetic background and 5XFAD transgene insertion strongly affected protein variance in hippocampus and cortex (n=3,368 proteins). Protein co-expression network analysis identified 16 modules of highly co-expressed proteins common across hippocampus and cortex in 5XFAD and non-transgenic mice. Among the modules strongly influenced by genetic background were those related to small molecule metabolism and ion transport. Modules strongly influenced by the 5XFAD transgene were related to lysosome/stress response and neuronal synapse/signaling. The modules with the strongest relationship to human disease-neuronal synapse/signaling and lysosome/stress response-were not significantly influenced by genetic background. However, other modules in 5XFAD that were related to human disease, such as GABA synaptic signaling and mitochondrial membrane modules, were influenced by genetic background. Most disease-related modules were more strongly correlated to AD genotype in hippocampus compared to cortex. Our findings suggest that genetic diversity introduced by crossing B6 and D2 inbred backgrounds influences proteomic changes related to disease in the 5XFAD model, and that proteomic analysis of other genetic backgrounds in transgenic and knock-in AD mouse models is warranted to capture the full range of molecular heterogeneity in genetically diverse models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheyenne D. Hurst
- Goizueta Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Amy R. Dunn
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
| | - Eric B. Dammer
- Goizueta Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Duc M. Duong
- Goizueta Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Nicholas T. Seyfried
- Goizueta Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Catherine C. Kaczorowski
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA
- The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA
| | - Erik C. B. Johnson
- Goizueta Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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20
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Forni M, Thorbergsson PT, Gällentoft L, Thelin J, Schouenborg J. Sustained and potent analgesia with negligible side effects enabled by adaptive individualized granular stimulation in rat brainstem. J Neural Eng 2023; 20. [PMID: 37160125 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/acd3b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify if an adaptive current stimulation protocol, in which current amplitude is modulated during continuous stimulation, provides better efficacy than constant current stimulation protocol with respect to analgesia caused by individualized stimulation in rat periaqueductal gray matter (PAG)/dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN). 
Approach. Ultrathin microelectrodes adapted for recording (n=6) and stimulation (n=16) were implanted in rat primary somatosensory cortex and PAG/DRN, respectively. In each animal included (n=12), a subset of PAG/DRN microelectrodes (n=1-3 per animal) was selected that on simultaneous stimulation blocked nociceptive withdrawal reflexes in awake unrestrained animals without noticeable side effects. Analgesic effects were subsequently assessed from both nociceptive withdrawal reflexes and intracortical pain-related responses on CO2 laser hindpaw stimulation. The analgesic effects of adaptive current PAG/DRN stimulation comprising incremental increases of 5µA/microelectrode (initial median current 30µA/microelectrode) when effects declined were compared to the effects of constant current stimulation. Behavioral effects and brain state related changes were analyzed using quantitative movement analysis and electrocorticography (ECoG, recorded on top of the dura mater), respectively. Tissue reactions and probe placement in PAG/DRN were assessed with immunohistochemistry.
Main results. Powerful and sustained (4 hours) analgesia was achieved with the adaptive current protocol within a rather wide area of PAG/DRN. Analgesic after-effects were seen for up to 30 min. Behavioral and brain state related side effects were minimal. Moreover, 6 weeks after implantation, there were no traces of bleedings, only small glial reactions and small but not statistically significant loss of neurons nearby indicating that the 6 microelectrode stimulation employed is biocompatible. 
Significance. The results indicate that sustained and powerful analgesia with minimal side effects can be achieved by granular and individualized stimulation in PAG/DRN using an adaptive current stimulation protocol. This microelectrode technology and stimulation 10 paradigm thus has the potential of providing a highly efficient and safe pain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Forni
- Experimental medical sciences, Lund University, Medicon Village, House 404, Scheelevagen 8, Lund, 22381, SWEDEN
| | | | - Lina Gällentoft
- Lund University, Medicon Village, House 404, Scheelevägen 8, Lund, 22381, SWEDEN
| | - Jonas Thelin
- Lund University, Medicon Village, House 404, Scheelevägen 8, Lund, 22381, SWEDEN
| | - Jens Schouenborg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Neuronano Research Center, Lund University, Medicon Village, House 404A2, Scheelevägen 8, Lund, 22381, SWEDEN
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21
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Molina P, Andero R, Armario A. Restraint or immobilization: a comparison of methodologies for restricting free movement in rodents and their potential impact on physiology and behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 151:105224. [PMID: 37156310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Restriction of free movement has historically been used as a model for inducing acute and chronic stress in laboratory animals. This paradigm is one of the most widely employed experimental procedures for basic research studies of stress-related disorders. It is easy to implement, and it rarely involves any physical harm to the animal. Many different restraint methods have been developed with variations in the apparatuses used and the degree of limitation of movement. Unfortunately, very few studies directly compare the differential impact of the distinct protocols. Additionally, restraint and immobilization terms are not differentiated and are sometimes used interchangeably in the literature. This review offers evidence of great physiological differences in the impact of distinct restraint procedures in rats and mice and emphasizes the need for a standardized language on this topic. Moreover, it illustrates the necessity of additional systematic studies that compare the effects of the distinct restraint methodologies, which would help to decide better which procedure should be used depending on the objectives of each particular study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Molina
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Animal Physiology Unit, School of Biosciences, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raül Andero
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Deparment of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Armario
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Animal Physiology Unit, School of Biosciences, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
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22
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Cameron-Burr KT, Bola RA, Kiyatkin EA. Dantrolene sodium fails to reverse robust brain hyperthermia induced by MDMA and methamphetamine in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:785-795. [PMID: 36700960 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hyperthermia induced by psychomotor stimulants may cause leakage of the blood-brain barrier, vasogenic edema, and lethality in extreme cases. Current treatments such as whole-body cooling are only symptomatic and a clear need to develop pharmacological interventions exists. Dantrolene sodium, a peripheral muscle relaxant used in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia, has been proposed as potentially effective to treat MDMA-hyperthermia in emergency rooms. However, debate around its efficacy for this indication persists. OBJECTIVES To investigate dantrolene as a treatment for illicit hyperthermia induced by psychomotor stimulant drugs, we examined how Ryanodex®, a concentrated formulation of dantrolene sodium produced by Eagle Pharmaceuticals, influences 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)- and methamphetamine (METH)-induced hyperthermia in awake freely moving rats. We injected rats with moderate doses of MDMA (9 mg/kg) and METH (9 mg/kg) and administered Ryanodex® intravenously (6 mg/kg) after the development of robust hyperthermia (>2.5 °C) mimicking clinical acute intoxication. We conducted simultaneous temperature recordings in the brain, temporal muscle, and skin to determine the basic mechanisms underlying temperature responses. To assess the efficacy of dantrolene in attenuating severe hyperthermia, we administered MDMA to rats maintained in a warm ambient environment (29 °C), conditions which produce robust brain and body hyperthermia (>40 °C) and lethality. RESULTS Dantrolene failed to attenuate MDMA- and METH-induced hyperthermia, though locomotor activity was significantly reduced. All animals maintained at warm ambient temperatures that received dantrolene during severe drug-induced hyperthermia died within or soon after the recording session. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that dantrolene sodium formulations are not mechanistically suited to treat MDMA- and METH-induced hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keaton T Cameron-Burr
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - R Aaron Bola
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Eugene A Kiyatkin
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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23
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Meyer HC, Fields A, Vannucci A, Gerhard DM, Bloom PA, Heleniak C, Opendak M, Sullivan R, Tottenham N, Callaghan BL, Lee FS. The Added Value of Crosstalk Between Developmental Circuit Neuroscience and Clinical Practice to Inform the Treatment of Adolescent Anxiety. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci 2023; 3:169-178. [PMID: 37124361 PMCID: PMC10140450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant advances have been made in recent years regarding the developmental trajectories of brain circuits and networks, revealing links between brain structure and function. Emerging evidence highlights the importance of developmental trajectories in determining early psychiatric outcomes. However, efforts to encourage crosstalk between basic developmental neuroscience and clinical practice are limited. Here, we focus on the potential advantage of considering features of neural circuit development when optimizing treatments for adolescent patient populations. Drawing on characteristics of adolescent neurodevelopment, we highlight two examples, safety cues and incentives, that leverage insights from neural circuit development and may have great promise for augmenting existing behavioral treatments for anxiety disorders during adolescence. This commentary seeks to serve as a framework to maximize the translational potential of basic research in developmental populations for strengthening psychiatric treatments. In turn, input from clinical practice including the identification of age-specific clinically relevant phenotypes will continue to guide future basic research in the same neural circuits to better reflect clinical practices. Encouraging reciprocal communication to bridge the gap between basic developmental neuroscience research and clinical implementation is an important step toward advancing both research and practice in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi C. Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea Fields
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Anna Vannucci
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Danielle M. Gerhard
- Department of Psychiatry, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Paul A. Bloom
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Maya Opendak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
- Department of Neuroscience, Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Regina Sullivan
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Nim Tottenham
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Bridget L. Callaghan
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Francis S. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
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24
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Wright PSR, Briggs KA, Thomas R, Smith GF, Maglennon G, Mikulskis P, Chapman M, Greene N, Phillips BU, Bender A. Statistical analysis of preclinical inter-species concordance of histopathological findings in the eTOX database. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 138:105308. [PMID: 36481279 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical inter-species concordance can increase the predictivity of observations to the clinic, potentially reducing drug attrition caused by unforeseen adverse events. We quantified inter-species concordance of histopathological findings and target organ toxicities across four preclinical species in the eTOX database using likelihood ratios (LRs). This was done whilst only comparing findings between studies with similar compound exposure (Δ|Cmax| ≤ 1 log-unit), repeat-dosing duration, and animals of the same sex. We discovered 24 previously unreported significant inter-species associations between histopathological findings encoded by the HPATH ontology. More associations with strong positive concordance (33% LR+ > 10) relative to strong negative concordance (12.5% LR- < 0.1) were identified. Of the top 10 most positively concordant associations, 60% were computed between different histopathological findings indicating potential differences in inter-species pathogenesis. We also observed low inter-species target organ toxicity concordance. For example, liver toxicity concordance in short-term studies between female rats and dogs observed an average LR+ of 1.84, and an average LR- of 0.73. This was corroborated by similarly low concordance between rodents and non-rodents for 75 candidate drugs in AstraZeneca. This work provides new statistically significant associations between preclinical species, but finds that concordance is rare, particularly between the absence of findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S R Wright
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | - Graham F Smith
- AstraZeneca, Data Science and AI, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Maglennon
- AstraZeneca, Oncology Pathology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, Melbourn, United Kingdom
| | - Paulius Mikulskis
- AstraZeneca, Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Melissa Chapman
- AstraZeneca, Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, Melbourn, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Greene
- AstraZeneca, Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin U Phillips
- AstraZeneca, Data Sciences and Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bender
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Molecular Science Informatics, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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25
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Jennings BJ, Tseng TJ, Ouhnana M, Kingdom FAA. Different symmetries, different mechanisms. Atten Percept Psychophys 2023; 85:166-73. [PMID: 36451078 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-022-02599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Three common symmetries exist in the natural visual world: (i) mirror symmetry, i.e., reflections around a vertical axis, (ii) radial symmetry, i.e., rotations around a point, and (iii) translational symmetry, i.e., shifted repetitions. Are these processed by a common class of visual mechanism? Using stimuli comprising arrays of Gaussian blobs we examined this question using a visual search protocol in which observers located a single symmetric target patch among varying numbers of random-blob distractor patches. The testing protocol used a blocked present/absent task and both search times and accuracy were recorded. Search times for mirror and radial symmetry increased significantly with the number of distractors, as did translational-symmetry patterns containing few repetitions. However translational-symmetry patterns with four repeating sectors produced search slopes close to zero. Fourier analysis revealed that, as with images of natural scenes, the structural information in both mirror- and radial-symmetric patterns is carried by the phase spectrum. However, for translational patterns with four repeating sectors, the amplitude spectrum appears to capture the structure, consistent with previous analyses of texture regularity. Modeling revealed that while the mirror and radial patterns produced an approximately Gaussian-shaped energy response profile as a function of spatial frequency, the translational pattern profiles contained a distinctive spike, the magnitude of which increased with the number of repeating sectors. We propose distinct mechanisms for the detection of different symmetry types: a mechanism that encodes local positional information to detect mirror- and radial-symmetric patterns and a mechanism that computes energy in narrowband filters for the detection of translational symmetry containing many sectors.
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26
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Mueller T, Laternser S, Guerreiro Stücklin AS, Gerber NU, Mourabit S, Rizo M, Rushing EJ, Kottke R, Grotzer M, Krayenbühl N, Nazarian J, Mueller S. Real-time drug testing of paediatric diffuse midline glioma to support clinical decision making: The Zurich DIPG/DMG centre experience. Eur J Cancer 2023; 178:171-179. [PMID: 36455411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children diagnosed with diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) have an extremely poor overall survival: 9-12 months from diagnosis with currently no curative treatment options. Given DMG molecular heterogeneity, surgical biopsies are needed for molecular profiling and as part of enrolment into molecular-based and precision medicine type clinical interventions. In this study, we describe the results of real time profiling and drug testing at the diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma/DMG Research Centre at University Children's Hospital Zurich. METHOD Biopsies were taken using a frame based stereotactic robot system (NeuroMate®, Renishaw) at University Children's Hospital Zurich. Tissue samples were evaluated to confirm diagnosis by H3K27M and H3K27 trimethylation loss. Genomic analyses were done using a variety of platforms (INFORM, Oncomine, UCSF500 gene panel). Cell lines were developed by mechanical tissue dissociation and verified by either sequencing or immunofluorescence staining confirming H3K27M mutation and used afterwards for drug testing. RESULTS Twenty-five robot-assisted primary biopsies were successfully performed. Median hospital stay was 2 days (range 1-4 days). Nine low-passage patient-derived cells were developed, whereas 8 cell lines were used to inform response to clinically relevant drugs. Genome and RNA expression were used to further guide treatment strategies with targeted agents such as dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor paxalisib. CONCLUSION We established a systematic workflow for safe, robot-assisted brainstem biopsies and in-house tissue processing, followed by real-time drug testing. This provides valuable insights into tumour prognostic and individual treatment strategies targeting relevant vulnerabilities in these tumours in a clinically meaningful time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Mueller
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Laternser
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana S Guerreiro Stücklin
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas U Gerber
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sulayman Mourabit
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marion Rizo
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Raimund Kottke
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grotzer
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus Krayenbühl
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's National Health System, Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Sabine Mueller
- Division of Oncology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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27
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Mancuso S, Bhalerao A, Cucullo L. Use of Conventional Cigarette Smoking and E-Cigarette Vaping for Experimental Stroke Studies in Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2616:441-451. [PMID: 36715952 PMCID: PMC10115166 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2926-0_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major prodromal factor for the onset of many adverse health effects that may occur in the short run and is the leading cause of preventable disease, disability, and death in the United States. Moreover, it is well established that chronic smoking is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction in a causative and dose-dependent manner primarily related to the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nicotine, and the induction of oxidative stress (OS)-driven inflammation. Preclinical studies have also shown that nicotine (the principal e-liquid ingredient used in e-cigarettes) can also cause OS, exacerbating cerebral ischemia and secondary brain injury. Likewise, chronic e-Cig vaping could be prodromal to cerebrovascular impairment and promote cerebrovascular conditions favoring stroke onset and worsening post-ischemic brain injury. Therefore, using mouse models is crucial to understand how xenobiotics such as those released by conventional and/or e-cigs can impact the onset and severity of stroke as well as post-stroke recovery. To appropriately model human-like smoking/vaping behavior in mice, however, the exposure to these xenobiotics must be standardized and undertaken in a controlled environment. This chapter describes a well-validated protocol to reproduce standardized chronic tobacco smoke or e-cigarette vape exposure in mice in the setting of a mouse transient ischemic stroke model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Mancuso
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Aditya Bhalerao
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Foundation Medical Studies, Oakland University, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA.
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28
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Hui CLM. Research on maintenance treatment to prevent relapse of psychotic disorders. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114928. [PMID: 37732867 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The issue of antipsychotic (dis)continuation has been a long-standing clinical dilemma. While the routine usage of antipsychotic is associated with side effects and stigma, short-term evidence suggest that the risk of relapse is heightened following antipsychotics withdrawal. Clinical guidelines therefore propose a one to two years duration of maintenance treatment upon remission in first episode psychosis (FEP), but guidance beyond which remains unclear. Only two controlled studies have addressed the long-term consequences of antipsychotic discontinuation. While Wunderink et al. concluded that dose reduction is associated with a higher rate of recovery, Hui et al. found discontinuation to be associated with better clinical outcomes. Data from Hui et al.'s study further suggests that treatment should be maintained for at least the first three years upon remission in FEP in order reduce the risk of relapse, as well as subsequent poor long-term outcome. It is noted that the two studies not only differ in outcome measures, but also in their strategies of "antipsychotic discontinuation". Considering that discontinuation is a more compelling option to most patients, it may therefore be more clinically relevant. More long-term follow-up discontinuation studies are needed to provide further evidence in the development of treatment guidelines for FEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Lai-Ming Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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29
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Lenert ME, Gomez R, Lane BT, Dailey DL, Vance CGT, Rakel BA, Crofford LJ, Sluka KA, Merriwether EN, Burton MD. Translating Outcomes from the Clinical Setting to Preclinical Models: Chronic Pain and Functionality in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain. Pain Med 2022; 23:1690-1707. [PMID: 35325207 PMCID: PMC9527603 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain disorder characterized by chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain (CWP), resting pain, movement-evoked pain (MEP), and other somatic symptoms that interfere with daily functioning and quality of life. In clinical studies, this symptomology is assessed, while preclinical models of CWP are limited to nociceptive assays. The aim of the study was to investigate the human-to-model translatability of clinical behavioral assessments for spontaneous (or resting) pain and MEP in a preclinical model of CWP. For preclinical measures, the acidic saline model of FM was used to induce widespread muscle pain in adult female mice. Two intramuscular injections of acidic or neutral pH saline were administered following baseline measures, 5 days apart. An array of adapted evoked and spontaneous pain measures and functional assays were assessed for 3 weeks. A novel paradigm for MEP assessment showed increased spontaneous pain following activity. For clinical measures, resting and movement-evoked pain and function were assessed in adult women with FM. Moreover, we assessed correlations between the preclinical model of CWP and in women with fibromyalgia to examine whether similar relationships between pain assays that comprise resting and MEP existed in both settings. For both preclinical and clinical outcomes, MEP was significantly associated with mechanical pain sensitivity. Preclinically, it is imperative to expand how the field assesses spontaneous pain and MEP when studying multi-symptom disorders like FM. Targeted pain assessments to match those performed clinically is an important aspect of improving preclinical to clinical translatability of animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Lenert
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Rachelle Gomez
- Inclusive and Translational Research in Pain Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brandon T Lane
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Dana L Dailey
- Neurobiology of Pain Lab, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Center for Health Sciences, St. Ambrose University, Davenport, Iowa, USA
| | - Carol G T Vance
- Neurobiology of Pain Lab, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Barbara A Rakel
- College of Nursing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Leslie J Crofford
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kathleen A Sluka
- Neurobiology of Pain Lab, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ericka N Merriwether
- Inclusive and Translational Research in Pain Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael D Burton
- Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies (CAPS), School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
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Lyhne MK, Debes KP, Helgogaard T, Vegge A, Kildegaard J, Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Olsen LH. Electrocardiography and heart rate variability in Göttingen Minipigs: Impact of diurnal variation, lead placement, repeatability and streptozotocin-induced diabetes. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2022; 118:107221. [PMID: 36100059 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2022.107221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Göttingen Minipig is widely used in preclinical research and safety pharmacology, but standardisation of porcine electrocardiography (ECG) is lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate diurnal effects, change over time and choice of lead on ECG morphology and heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic Göttingen Minipigs. METHODS Diabetes was experimentally induced using STZ in 11 Göttingen Minipigs (DIA). Seven controls (CON) were included. 24-h ECG was recorded at baseline and four months. Morphological parameters (QRS and T wave duration, P- and T-wave amplitude, PR and QT (Bazett's (QTcb) or Fridericia (QTcf) correction) intervals and ST segment), presence of cardiac arrhythmias, heart rate (HR) and HRV (time and frequency domain) were analysed. RESULTS Four months after induction, DIA had decreased P-wave amplitude (P < 0.0001) and T-wave duration (P = 0.017), compared to CON. QTcb was lower in DIA, but not in CON. Both groups had decreased HR (P < 0.0001) and QRS duration (lead II, P = 0.04) and length of PR-segment increased (lead I and II, P < 0.01) while selected HRV parameters also increased (all P < 0.01). Time of day influenced HR, QRS duration, PR segment, ST segment, T- and P-wave amplitude and some parameters of HRV. Inter- and intra-observer variability of morphological measurements was low (<6%). CONCLUSION ECG parameters were influenced by time setting, diurnal variation and lead. Some ECG and HRV changes were found in diabetic minipigs four months after STZ induction. The findings underline the need for standardisation of ECG and HRV in Göttingen Minipigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mille Kronborg Lyhne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Karina Poulsdóttir Debes
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Terese Helgogaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andreas Vegge
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark.
| | - Jonas Kildegaard
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark.
| | - Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Nordsjællands Hospital Hillerød, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hillerød, Denmark.
| | - Lisbeth Høier Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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31
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Armbrister R, Ochoa L, Abbott KL. The clinical role of glycobiology on ovarian cancer progression. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 157:1-22. [PMID: 36725106 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Diverse carbohydrate (glycan) structures are located on lipids and proteins that cover the surface of human cells known as the glycocalyx. Research over many decades have illustrated that the glycan structures located in the glycocalyx change dramatically with cancer contributing to the early development and progression of tumors. New therapeutic and diagnostic applications for cancers based on targeting glycan changes are now in development and in early stage clinical trials. There is an abundance of research for ovarian cancer indicating that certain glycoproteins and glycolipids play major roles in the progression, recurrence, and chemoresistance of this disease. This review is focused on discussion of these biomarkers and how translational medicine for ovarian cancer can be further defined focusing on targeting glycans, glycoproteins, and glycan-mediated interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhyisa Armbrister
- Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Laura Ochoa
- Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Karen L Abbott
- Department of Translational Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States.
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32
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Gasparyan A, Navarro D, Navarrete F, Manzanares J. Pharmacological strategies for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): From animal to clinical studies. Neuropharmacology 2022; 218:109211. [PMID: 35973598 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disabling psychiatric condition with a critical familiar, personal, and social impact. Patients diagnosed with PTSD show various symptoms, including anxiety, depression, psychotic episodes, and sleep disturbances, complicating their therapeutic management. Only sertraline and paroxetine, two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are approved by different international agencies to treat PTSD. In addition, these drugs are generally combined with psychotherapy to achieve positive results. However, these pharmacological strategies present limited efficacy. Nearly half of the PTSD patients do not experience remission of symptoms, possibly due to the high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities. Therefore, in clinical practice, other off-label medications are common, even though the effectiveness of these drugs needs to be further investigated. In this line, antipsychotics, antiepileptics, adrenergic blockers, benzodiazepines, and other emerging pharmacological agents have aroused interest as potential therapeutic tools to improve some specific symptoms of PTSD. Thus, this review is focused on the most widely used drugs for the pharmacological treatment of PTSD with a translational approach, including clinical and preclinical studies, to emphasize the need to develop safer and more effective medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Gasparyan
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda. de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Alicante, Spain; Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Daniela Navarro
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda. de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Alicante, Spain; Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Navarrete
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda. de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Alicante, Spain; Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda. de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Alicante, Spain; Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.
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Kakade P, Pathan Z, Gite S, Mirani A, Patravale VB. Nanoparticle Engineering of Aprepitant Using Nano-by-Design (NbD) Approach. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:204. [PMID: 35896835 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to develop a nanosuspension of aprepitant (APT) using the Nano-by-Design approach. A novel microfluidization technology was used for processing the formulation. A 32 full factorial design was used for the optimization of dependent variables, which included critical quality attributes like particle size and polydispersity index. Subsequently, the design space was generated and the optimum formulation was located using desirability constraints followed by its validation.The prepared nanosuspension had a particle size of 721 nm ± 5%, a polydispersity index of 0.106 ± 3%, and a zeta potential of - 8.06 ± 5 mV. Its surface morphology was studied using SEM, DSC, and XRD. It revealed that the prepared nanosuspension had a nano-crystalline nature. The process parameters did not lead to any physicochemical interaction between the drug and excipients. This was confirmed using FTIR analysis. In vitro dissolution studies revealed 100% cumulative drug release over 60 min, showing better results in comparison with pure APT. Thus, it has been shown that microfluidization can be an industrially feasible, novel, green technology for the preparation of a stable APT nanosuspension for improving the dissolution profile of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Kakade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Zubiya Pathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Sandip Gite
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Amit Mirani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Vandana B Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India.
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Tanaka M, Spekker E, Szabó Á, Polyák H, Vécsei L. Modelling the neurodevelopmental pathogenesis in neuropsychiatric disorders. Bioactive kynurenines and their analogues as neuroprotective agents-in celebration of 80th birthday of Professor Peter Riederer. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:627-642. [PMID: 35624406 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Following introduction of the monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor selegiline for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), discovery of the action mechanism of Alzheimer's disease-modifying agent memantine, the role of iron in PD, and the loss of electron transport chain complex I in PD, and development of the concept of clinical neuroprotection, Peter Riederer launched one of the most challenging research project neurodevelopmental aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders. The neurodevelopmental theory holds that a disruption of normal brain development in utero or during early life underlies the subsequent emergence of neuropsychiatric symptoms during later life. Indeed, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition and the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision categorize autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). More and more evidence, especially from preclinical studies, is revealing that neurodevelopmental pathology is not limited to the diagnostic class above, but also contributes to the development of other psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as PD and Huntington's disease. Preclinical animal research is taking a lead in understanding the pathomechanisms of NDDs, searching for novel targets, and developing new neuroprotective agents against NDDs. This narrative review discusses emerging evidence of the neurodevelopmental etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, recent advances in modelling neurodevelopmental pathogenesis, potential strategies of clinical neuroprotection using novel kynurenine metabolites and analogues, and future research direction for NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tanaka
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged (MTA-SZTE), Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eleonóra Spekker
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged (MTA-SZTE), Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Szabó
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-György Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Helga Polyák
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-György Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged (MTA-SZTE), Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary. .,Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-György Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary.
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Talukder P, Saha A, Roy S, Ghosh G, Dutta Roy D, Barua S. Progeria-a Rare Genetic Condition with Accelerated Ageing Process. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:2587-2596. [PMID: 35445924 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Progeria is a rare genetic disease which is characterised by accelerated ageing and reduced life span. There are differing types of progeria, but the classic type is Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). Within a year of birth, people suffering from it start showing several features such as very low weight, scleroderma, osteoporosis and loss of hair. Their life expectancy is highly reduced and the average life span is around 14.6 years. Research is going on to understand the genetic and molecular level causes of this disease. Apart from that, several studies are also going on to discover therapeutic techniques and drugs to treat this disease but the success rate is very low. To gain a better understanding about research developments of progeria more experimental models, drugs and molecular technologies are under trial. Different important aspects and recent developments in epidemiology, genetic causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options of progeria are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Talukder
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III, B/5, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700156, India.
| | - Arunima Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III, B/5, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700156, India
| | - Sohini Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III, B/5, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700156, India
| | - Gargi Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III, B/5, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700156, India
| | - Debshikha Dutta Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III, B/5, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700156, India
| | - Snejuti Barua
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III, B/5, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700156, India
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Barrett JM, Fewster KM, Callaghan JP. Are rotational passive stiffness and translational passive stiffness correlated? A porcine in vitro study. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2022; 94:105610. [PMID: 35279438 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2022.105610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qualitative clinical assessments of spinal stiffness have been demonstrated to show moderate correlations with one-another. We hypothesized that these correlations would improve in an in vitro model of the functional spinal unit. If the stiffness of spinal units are different across loading regimes (e.g. flexion-extension versus shear), then it may provide one explanation as to the variability in findings from clinical assessments, since these tests tend not to discriminate rotational and translational degrees-of-freedom. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to quantify the relationships between rotational and translational stiffness measures in vitro. METHODS Forty-eight porcine cervical spine functional units were used in this investigation (20 C3-C4, 28 C5-C6). While under constant 300 N compressive load, range-of-motion tests for both flexion-extension (± 8 Nm, 0.5 deg./s) and anteroposterior shear (± 400 N, 0.2 mm/s) were conducted, to quantify moment-angle and force-deflection curves. Representative stiffness values were then obtained for flexion, extension, anterior shear, and posterior shear using segmented regression. The correlation matrix between these four measures was then used to explore their potential relationships. FINDINGS Of the six correlations conducted, only the relationship between posterior shear and extension stiffness was statistically significant (p = 0.014), despite featuring a low correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.123). INTERPRETATION The poor correlations between stiffness metrics in this study supports the disparate findings of tissue stiffness in vivo. Results from this investigation suggest that clinicians should be cognizant of which degrees-of-freedom they are assessing in the spine, as their stiffness values vary independently.
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Abstract
Despite substantial progress in the use of mind-altering drugs to treat psychiatric disorders, the psychological processes through which these drugs change mood or behavior are poorly understood. Controlled laboratory studies with well-defined psychological constructs are valuable to understand how these drugs manifest their therapeutic benefit. However, there are substantial methodological differences between clinical studies investigating therapeutic outcome and laboratory studies investigating the processes that might underlie the therapeutic effects. Here, we examine some of these differences using the example of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). We review differences in expectancies, social and physical context, participant characteristics, pharmacological factors, and outcome measures in studies with participants who do or do not have psychiatric diagnoses. We describe the challenges and opportunities in translating findings from laboratory studies to the clinic and identify ways to bridge the gap between these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anya K Bershad
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles Grob
- The Lundquist Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Schatza MJ, Blackwood EB, Nagrale SS, Widge AS. Toolkit for Oscillatory Real-time Tracking and Estimation (TORTE). J Neurosci Methods 2022; 366:109409. [PMID: 34788695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Closing the loop between brain activity and behavior is one of the most active areas of development in neuroscience. There is particular interest in developing closed-loop control of neural oscillations. Many studies report correlations between oscillations and functional processes. Oscillation-informed closed-loop experiments might determine whether these relationships are causal and would provide important mechanistic insights which may lead to new therapeutic tools. These closed-loop perturbations require accurate estimates of oscillatory phase and amplitude, which are challenging to compute in real time. NEW METHOD We developed an easy to implement, fast and accurate Toolkit for Oscillatory Real-time Tracking and Estimation (TORTE). TORTE operates with the open-source Open Ephys GUI (OEGUI) system, making it immediately compatible with a wide range of acquisition systems and experimental preparations. RESULTS TORTE efficiently extracts oscillatory phase and amplitude from a target signal and includes a variety of options to trigger closed-loop perturbations. Implementing these tools into existing experiments is easy and adds minimal latency to existing protocols. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Most labs use in-house lab-specific approaches, limiting replication and extension of their experiments by other groups. Accuracy of the extracted analytic signal and accuracy of oscillation-informed perturbations with TORTE match presented results by these groups. However, TORTE provides access to these tools in a flexible, easy to use toolkit without requiring proprietary software. CONCLUSION We hope that the availability of a high-quality, open-source, and broadly applicable toolkit will increase the number of labs able to perform oscillatory closed-loop experiments, and will improve the replicability of protocols and data across labs.
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Mast MP, Modh H, Champanhac C, Wang JW, Storm G, Krämer J, Mailänder V, Pastorin G, Wacker MG. Nanomedicine at the crossroads - A quick guide for IVIVC. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:113829. [PMID: 34174332 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For many years, nanomedicine is pushing the boundaries of drug delivery. When applying these novel therapeutics, safety considerations are not only a key concern when entering clinical trials but also an important decision point in product development. Standing at the crossroads, nanomedicine may be able to escape the niche markets and achieve wider acceptance by the pharmaceutical industry. While there is a new generation of drug delivery systems, the extracellular vesicles, standing on the starting line, unresolved issues and new challenges emerge from their translation from bench to bedside. Some key features of injectable nanomedicines contribute to the predictability of the pharmacological and toxicological effects. So far, only a few of the physicochemical attributes of nanomedicines can be justified by a direct mathematical relationship between the in vitro and the in vivo responses. To further develop extracellular vesicles as drug carriers, we have to learn from more than 40 years of clinical experience in liposomal delivery and pass on this knowledge to the next generation. Our quick guide discusses relationships between physicochemical characteristics and the in vivo response, commonly referred to as in vitro-in vivo correlation. Further, we highlight the key role of computational methods, lay open current knowledge gaps, and question the established design strategies. Has the recent progress improved the predictability of targeted delivery or do we need another change in perspective?
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40
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De Picker L. The future of immunopsychiatry: Three milestones to clinical innovation. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 16:100314. [PMID: 34589805 PMCID: PMC8474175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychoneuroimmunology, the area of research dedicated to understanding the fundamental interactions between the central nervous system and the immune system, has given rise to the development of Immunopsychiatry, a new discipline which harnesses the immune system to produce beneficial outcomes for mental health problems. Immunopsychiatry has the potential to become a clinically relevant specialty area in psychiatric practice, but has not yet been adopted by the wider mental health community. This paper aims to map out the future trajectory of Immunopsychiatry on its road towards science-to-policy knowledge translation and clinical implementation. Three critical milestones which will need to be reached in order for Immunopsychiatry to fulfil its promise for clinical innovation are discussed: a clear definition of patients who fall within the immunopsychiatric continuum; demonstration of well-defined clinical benefit and incorporation in clinical guidelines; and convergence with other paradigms in biological psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.J. De Picker
- University Psychiatric Hospital Campus Duffel, Duffel, Belgium
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Hospital Campus Duffel, Duffel, Belgium.
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Story B, Taghian T, Gallagher J, Koehler J, Taylor A, Randle A, Nielsen K, Gross A, Maguire A, Carl S, Johnson S, Fernau D, Diffie E, Cuddon P, Corado C, Chandra S, Sena-Esteves M, Kolodny E, Jiang X, Martin D, Gray-Edwards H. Natural history of Tay-Sachs disease in sheep. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 134:164-174. [PMID: 34456134 PMCID: PMC8811770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by a deficiency of the enzyme β-N-acetylhexosaminidase A (HexA). TSD naturally occurs in Jacob sheep is the only experimental model of TSD. TSD in sheep recapitulates neurologic features similar to juvenile onset and late onset TSD patients. Due to the paucity of human literature on pathology of TSD, a better natural history in the sheep TSD brain, which is on the same order of magnitude as a child's, is necessary for evaluating therapy and characterizing the pathological events that occur. To provide clinicians and researchers with a clearer understanding of longitudinal pathology in patients, we compare spectrum of clinical signs and brain pathology in mildly symptomatic (3-months), moderately symptomatic (6-months), or severely affected TSD sheep (humane endpoint at ~9-months of age). Increased GM2 ganglioside in the CSF of TSD sheep and a TSD specific biomarker on MRS (taurine) correlate with disease severity. Microglial activation and reactive astrocytes were observed globally on histopathology in TSD sheep with a widespread reduction in oligodendrocyte density. Myelination is reduced primarily in the forebrain illustrated by loss of white matter on MRI. GM2 and GM3 ganglioside were increased and distributed differently in various tissues. The study of TSD in the sheep model provides a natural history to shed light on the pathophysiology of TSD, which is of utmost importance due to novel therapeutics being assessed in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Story
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Toloo Taghian
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America; Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Jillian Gallagher
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Jey Koehler
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Amanda Taylor
- Auburn University, Department of Clinical Sciences Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Ashley Randle
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Kayly Nielsen
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Amanda Gross
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Annie Maguire
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America; Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Sara Carl
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Siauna Johnson
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Deborah Fernau
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Elise Diffie
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Paul Cuddon
- Neurology Locum, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL
| | - Carly Corado
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc, Novato, CA, United States of America
| | - Sundeep Chandra
- BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc, Novato, CA, United States of America
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America; Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Edwin Kolodny
- Bernard A. Marden Professor of Neurology and Chairman of the Department of Neurology, New York University, School of Medicine, NY, NY, United States of America; Head of the Division of Neurogenetics, New York University, School of Medicine, NY, NY, United States of America
| | - Xuntian Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MI, United States of America
| | - Douglas Martin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America; Neurology Locum, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL
| | - Heather Gray-Edwards
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America; Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America; Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America; Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America.
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Withaar C, Lam CSP, Schiattarella GG, de Boer RA, Meems LMG. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in humans and mice: embracing clinical complexity in mouse models. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:4420-4430. [PMID: 34414416 PMCID: PMC8599003 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a multifactorial disease accounting for a large and increasing proportion of all clinical HF presentations. As a clinical syndrome, HFpEF is characterized by typical signs and symptoms of HF, a distinct cardiac phenotype and raised natriuretic peptides. Non-cardiac comorbidities frequently co-exist and contribute to the pathophysiology of HFpEF. To date, no therapy has proven to improve outcomes in HFpEF, with drug development hampered, at least partly, by lack of consensus on appropriate standards for pre-clinical HFpEF models. Recently, two clinical algorithms (HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores) have been developed to improve and standardize the diagnosis of HFpEF. In this review, we evaluate the translational utility of HFpEF mouse models in the context of these HFpEF scores. We systematically recorded evidence of symptoms and signs of HF or clinical HFpEF features and included several cardiac and extra-cardiac parameters as well as age and sex for each HFpEF mouse model. We found that most of the pre-clinical HFpEF models do not meet the HFpEF clinical criteria, although some multifactorial models resemble human HFpEF to a reasonable extent. We therefore conclude that to optimize the translational value of mouse models to human HFpEF, a novel approach for the development of pre-clinical HFpEF models is needed, taking into account the complex HFpEF pathophysiology in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coenraad Withaar
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.,National University Heart Centre, Singapore and Duke-National University of Singapore
| | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura M G Meems
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
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43
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Cendelin J, Cvetanovic M, Gandelman M, Hirai H, Orr HT, Pulst SM, Strupp M, Tichanek F, Tuma J, Manto M. Consensus Paper: Strengths and Weaknesses of Animal Models of Spinocerebellar Ataxias and Their Clinical Implications. Cerebellum 2021; 21:452-481. [PMID: 34378174 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) represent a large group of hereditary degenerative diseases of the nervous system, in particular the cerebellum, and other systems that manifest with a variety of progressive motor, cognitive, and behavioral deficits with the leading symptom of cerebellar ataxia. SCAs often lead to severe impairments of the patient's functioning, quality of life, and life expectancy. For SCAs, there are no proven effective pharmacotherapies that improve the symptoms or substantially delay disease progress, i.e., disease-modifying therapies. To study SCA pathogenesis and potential therapies, animal models have been widely used and are an essential part of pre-clinical research. They mainly include mice, but also other vertebrates and invertebrates. Each animal model has its strengths and weaknesses arising from model animal species, type of genetic manipulation, and similarity to human diseases. The types of murine and non-murine models of SCAs, their contribution to the investigation of SCA pathogenesis, pathological phenotype, and therapeutic approaches including their advantages and disadvantages are reviewed in this paper. There is a consensus among the panel of experts that (1) animal models represent valuable tools to improve our understanding of SCAs and discover and assess novel therapies for this group of neurological disorders characterized by diverse mechanisms and differential degenerative progressions, (2) thorough phenotypic assessment of individual animal models is required for studies addressing therapeutic approaches, (3) comparative studies are needed to bring pre-clinical research closer to clinical trials, and (4) mouse models complement cellular and invertebrate models which remain limited in terms of clinical translation for complex neurological disorders such as SCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Cendelin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 75, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic. .,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 75, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic.
| | - Marija Cvetanovic
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Mandi Gandelman
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, 175 North Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Hirokazu Hirai
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.,Viral Vector Core, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Harry T Orr
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, 175 North Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Michael Strupp
- Department of Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Filip Tichanek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 75, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 75, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tuma
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, alej Svobody 75, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic.,The Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7843, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Mario Manto
- Unité des Ataxies Cérébelleuses, Service de Neurologie, CHU-Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium.,Service des Neurosciences, Université de Mons, UMons, Mons, Belgium
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Nguyen V, Ameri K, Huynh K, Fredkin M, Grona R, Larpthaveesarp A, Gonzalez F, Yeghiazarians Y. Interleukin-15 modulates the response of cortical neurons to ischemia. Mol Cell Neurosci 2021; 115:103658. [PMID: 34343628 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2021.103658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stroke is a major cause of death and disability in the United States. Current acute stroke therapy consists of clot-dissolving drugs, catheter-based interventions and physical rehabilitation. To date, there are no therapies that directly enhance neuronal survival after a stroke. Previous work from our lab demonstrated that Interleukin-15 (IL-15) peptide could rescue cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia. We sought to extend these findings to cortical neurons since IL-15 has been implicated to have an important role in neuronal homeostasis. METHODS We have evaluated the effect of IL-15 peptide on primary cortical neurons derived from embryonic rats in vitro under conditions of anoxia and glucose deprivation, and in vivo following middle cerebral artery occlusion. RESULTS IL-15 administration rescued neuronal cells subjected to anoxia coupled with glucose deprivation (AGD), as well as with reoxygenation. A hallmark of stroke is the ischemic microenvironment and associated oxidative stress, which results in DNA damage and ER stress, both of which contribute to neuronal cell damage and death. The expression of anoxia, ER stress, and DNA damage factors/markers was evaluated via western blot and correlated with the cellular survival effects of IL-15 in vitro. In addition, IL-15 effect of alleviating ER stress and increasing cell survival was also observed in vivo. INTERPRETATION Our data indicate, for the first time, that administration of the pleiotropic factor IL-15 reduces neuronal cell death during AGD, which correlates with modulation of multiple cellular stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vien Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), USA.
| | - Kurosh Ameri
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), USA
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), USA
| | - Maxwell Fredkin
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), USA
| | - Reinier Grona
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), USA
| | | | | | - Yerem Yeghiazarians
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, USA
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45
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Bhambhvani HP, Rodrigues AJ, Umeh-Garcia MC, Hayden Gephart M. Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis: Molecular Landscape, Current Management, and Emerging Therapies. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2021; 31:613-625. [PMID: 32921356 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is a devastating consequence of late-stage cancer, and despite multimodal treatment, remains rapidly fatal. Definitive diagnosis requires identification of malignant cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or frank disease on MRI. Therapy is generally palliative and consists primarily of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, which is administered intrathecally or systemically. Immunotherapies and novel experimental therapies have emerged as promising options for decreasing patient morbidity and mortality. In this review, the authors discuss a refined view of the molecular pathophysiology of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, current approaches to disease management, and emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hriday P Bhambhvani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA, 94305 USA
| | - Adrian J Rodrigues
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA, 94305 USA
| | - Maxine C Umeh-Garcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA, 94305 USA
| | - Melanie Hayden Gephart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA, 94305 USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
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46
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Royo J, Forkel SJ, Pouget P, Thiebaut de Schotten M. The squirrel monkey model in clinical neuroscience. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:152-164. [PMID: 34118293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical neuroscience research relying on animal models brought valuable translational insights into the function and pathologies of the human brain. The anatomical, physiological, and behavioural similarities between humans and mammals have prompted researchers to study cerebral mechanisms at different levels to develop and test new treatments. The vast majority of biomedical research uses rodent models, which are easily manipulable and have a broadly resembling organisation to the human nervous system but cannot satisfactorily mimic some disorders. For these disorders, macaque monkeys have been used as they have a more comparable central nervous system. Still, this research has been hampered by limitations, including high costs and reduced samples. This review argues that a squirrel monkey model might bridge the gap by complementing translational research from rodents, macaque, and humans. With the advent of promising new methods such as ultrasound imaging, tool miniaturisation, and a shift towards open science, the squirrel monkey model represents a window of opportunity that will potentially fuel new translational discoveries in the diagnosis and treatment of brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Royo
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France.
| | - Stephanie J Forkel
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Pierre Pouget
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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47
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Ezelle HJ, Geiman T, Schnaper LA, Cullen KJ, Lapidus RS, Hassel BA. A Translational Approach to Cancer Research, Education and Training. J Cancer Educ 2021; 36:621-629. [PMID: 31907826 PMCID: PMC7384627 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-019-01675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The demand for biomedical researchers and health science professionals has increased over the past several decades. This need is particularly acute in the fields of cancer research and oncology in which technological advances have fueled an unprecedented pace of laboratory discoveries and their applications in novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Internships that expose undergraduate students to cancer research and patient care serve an important function in meeting this need by educating trainees about careers in this field and inspiring them to pursue these professional paths. Moreover, the translational impetus of cancer research incorporates research, regulatory, business, and clinical components, providing students with even more cancer-focused career options. With the goal of providing hands-on experiences in cancer research and oncology to undergraduate students who comprise the next generation of cancer physician-scientists and will fill this demand in our professional workforce, the Nathan Schnaper Intern Program in Translational Cancer Research (NSIP) has grown from a small laboratory-based local summer internship to a competitive national program. In this study, we evaluate three new modules of the NSIP research, education, and clinical components that have been implemented in the first 2 years of National Cancer Institute Cancer Research Education Grants Program funding. The impact of these modules on intern satisfaction, learning, and near-term career trajectory is assessed to identify the most effective approaches and key measures of program outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Ezelle
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Theresa Geiman
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Maryland, 4501 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21210, USA
| | - Lauren A Schnaper
- Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Berman Comprehensive Breast Care Center, 6701 N. Charles St, Towson, MD, 21204, USA
| | - Kevin J Cullen
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Rena S Lapidus
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Bret A Hassel
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Boehm MA, Bonaventura J, Gomez JL, Solís O, Stein EA, Bradberry CW, Michaelides M. Translational PET applications for brain circuit mapping with transgenic neuromodulation tools. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 204:173147. [PMID: 33549570 PMCID: PMC8297666 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic neuromodulation tools have transformed the field of neuroscience over the past two decades by enabling targeted manipulation of neuronal populations and circuits with unprecedented specificity. Chemogenetic and optogenetic neuromodulation systems are among the most widely used and allow targeted control of neuronal activity through the administration of a selective compound or light, respectively. Innovative genetic targeting strategies are utilized to transduce specific cells to express transgenic receptors and opsins capable of manipulating neuronal activity. These allow mapping of neuroanatomical projection sites and link cellular manipulations with brain circuit functions and behavior. As these tools continue to expand knowledge of the nervous system in preclinical models, developing translational applications for human therapies is becoming increasingly possible. However, new strategies for implementing and monitoring transgenic tools are needed for safe and effective use in translational research and potential clinical applications. A major challenge for such applications is the need to track the location and function of chemogenetic receptors and opsins in vivo, and new developments in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging techniques offer promising solutions. The goal of this review is to summarize current research combining transgenic tools with PET for in vivo mapping and manipulation of brain circuits and to propose future directions for translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Boehm
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, United States.
| | - Jordi Bonaventura
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
| | - Juan L Gomez
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
| | - Oscar Solís
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
| | - Elliot A Stein
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
| | - Charles W Bradberry
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
| | - Michael Michaelides
- National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States.
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Abstract
Food allergies have been rising in prevalence since the 1990s, imposing substantial physical, psychosocial, and economic burdens on affected patients and their families. Until recently, the only therapy for food allergy was strict avoidance of the allergenic food. Recent advances in translational studies, however, have led to insights into allergic sensitization and tolerance. This article provides an overview of cutting-edge research into food allergy and immune tolerance mechanisms utilizing mouse models, human studies, and systems biology approaches. This research is being translated and implemented in the clinical setting to improve diagnosis and reduce food allergy's public health burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Walter Krempski
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Christopher Warren
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ziyuan He
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stéphanie Lejeune
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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50
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Remarkable advances have been reached in the understanding of the genetic basis of Parkinson's disease (PD), with the identification of monogenic causes (mPD) and a plethora of gene loci leading to an increased risk for idiopathic PD. The expanding knowledge and subsequent identification of genetic contributions fosters the understanding of molecular mechanisms leading to disease development and progression. Distinct pathways involved in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and lysosomal function have been identified and open a unique window of opportunity for individualized treatment approaches. These genetic findings have led to an imminent progress towards pathophysiology-targeted clinical trials and potentially disease-modifying treatments in the future. MAIN BODY OF THE MANUSCRIPT In this review article we will summarize known genetic contributors to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, the molecular mechanisms leading to disease development, and discuss challenges and opportunities in clinical trial designs. CONCLUSIONS The future success of clinical trials in PD is mainly dependent on reliable biomarker development and extensive genetic testing to identify genetic cases. Whether genotype-dependent stratification of study participants will extend the potential application of new drugs will be one major challenge in conceptualizing clinical trials. However, the latest developments in genotype-driven treatments will pave the road to individualized pathophysiology-based therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Prasuhn
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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