1
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Zachová K, Bartheldyová E, Hubatka F, Křupka M, Odehnalová N, Turánek Knötigová P, Vaškovicová N, Sloupenská K, Hromádka R, Paulovičová E, Effenberg R, Ledvina M, Raška M, Turánek J. The immunogenicity of p24 protein from HIV-1 virus is strongly supported and modulated by coupling with liposomes and mannan. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121844. [PMID: 38431385 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Anti-viral and anti-tumor vaccines aim to induce cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTL) and antibodies. Conserved protein antigens, such as p24 from human immunodeficiency virus, represent promising component for elicitation CTLs, nevertheless with suboptimal immunogenicity, if formulated as recombinant protein. To enhance immunogenicity and CTL response, recombinant proteins may be targeted to dendritic cells (DC) for cross presentation on MHCI, where mannose receptor and/or other lectin receptors could play an important role. Here, we constructed liposomal carrier-based vaccine composed of recombinant p24 antigen bound by metallochelating linkage onto surface of nanoliposomes with surface mannans coupled by aminooxy ligation. Generated mannosylated proteonanoliposomes were analyzed by dynamic light scattering, isothermal titration, and electron microscopy. Using murine DC line MutuDC and murine bone marrow derived DC (BMDC) we evaluated their immunogenicity and immunomodulatory activity. We show that p24 mannosylated proteonanoliposomes activate DC for enhanced MHCI, MHCII and CD40, CD80, and CD86 surface expression both on MutuDC and BMDC. p24 mannosylated liposomes were internalized by MutuDC with p24 intracellular localization within 1 to 3 h. The combination of metallochelating and aminooxy ligation could be used simultaneously to generate nanoliposomal adjuvanted recombinant protein-based vaccines versatile for combination of recombinant antigens relevant for antibody and CTL elicitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zachová
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - E Bartheldyová
- C2P NEXARS, The Campus Science Park, Palachovo náměstí 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - F Hubatka
- C2P NEXARS, The Campus Science Park, Palachovo náměstí 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Křupka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - N Odehnalová
- C2P NEXARS, The Campus Science Park, Palachovo náměstí 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Turánek Knötigová
- C2P NEXARS, The Campus Science Park, Palachovo náměstí 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - N Vaškovicová
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - K Sloupenská
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - R Hromádka
- C2P NEXARS, The Campus Science Park, Palachovo náměstí 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - E Paulovičová
- Center for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - R Effenberg
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Ledvina
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Raška
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - J Turánek
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc, Czech Republic; C2P NEXARS, The Campus Science Park, Palachovo náměstí 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Clinical Immunology & Allergology, Charles University Prague and University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Sokolská 581, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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2
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Eş I, Thakur A, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Foged C, de la Torre LG. Engineering aspects of lipid-based delivery systems: In vivo gene delivery, safety criteria, and translation strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 72:108342. [PMID: 38518964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Defects in the genome cause genetic diseases and can be treated with gene therapy. Due to the limitations encountered in gene delivery, lipid-based supramolecular colloidal materials have emerged as promising gene carrier systems. In their non-functionalized form, lipid nanoparticles often demonstrate lower transgene expression efficiency, leading to suboptimal therapeutic outcomes, specifically through reduced percentages of cells expressing the transgene. Due to chemically active substituents, the engineering of delivery systems for genetic drugs with specific chemical ligands steps forward as an innovative strategy to tackle the drawbacks and enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Despite intense investigations into functionalization strategies, the clinical outcome of such therapies still needs to be improved. Here, we highlight and comprehensively review engineering aspects for functionalizing lipid-based delivery systems and their therapeutic efficacy for developing novel genetic cargoes to provide a full snapshot of the translation from the bench to the clinics. We outline existing challenges in the delivery and internalization processes and narrate recent advances in the functionalization of lipid-based delivery systems for nucleic acids to enhance their therapeutic efficacy and safety. Moreover, we address clinical trials using these vectors to expand their clinical use and principal safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Eş
- Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Aneesh Thakur
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University 191002, 9 Lomonosova Street, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lucimara Gaziola de la Torre
- Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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3
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Berger M, Toussaint F, Ben Djemaa S, Maquoi E, Pendeville H, Evrard B, Jerôme C, Leblond Chain J, Lechanteur A, Mottet D, Debuigne A, Piel G. Poly(N-methyl-N-vinylacetamide): A Strong Alternative to PEG for Lipid-Based Nanocarriers Delivering siRNA. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302712. [PMID: 37994483 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based nanocarriers have demonstrated high interest in delivering genetic material, exemplified by the success of Onpattro and COVID-19 vaccines. While PEGylation imparts stealth properties, it hampers cellular uptake and endosomal escape, and may trigger adverse reactions like accelerated blood clearance (ABC) and hypersensitivity reactions (HSR). This work highlights the great potential of amphiphilic poly(N-methyl-N-vinylacetamide) (PNMVA) derivatives as alternatives to lipid-PEG for siRNA delivery. PNMVA compounds with different degrees of polymerization and hydrophobic segments, are synthesized. Among them, DSPE (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine)-PNMVA efficiently integrates into lipoplexes and LNP membranes and prevents protein corona formation around these lipid carriers, exhibiting stealth properties comparable to DSPE-PEG. However, unlike DSPE-PEG, DSPE-PNMVA24 shows no adverse impact on lipoplexes cell uptake and endosomal escape. In in vivo study with mice, DSPE-PNMVA24 lipoplexes demonstrate no liver accumulation, indicating good stealth properties, extended circulation time after a second dose, reduced immunological reaction, and no systemic pro-inflammatory response. Safety of DSPE-PNMVA24 is confirmed at the cellular level and in animal models of zebrafish and mice. Overall, DSPE-PNMVA is an advantageous substitute to DSPE-PEG for siRNA delivery, offering comparable stealth and toxicity properties while improving efficacy of the lipid-based carriers by minimizing the dilemma effect and reducing immunological reactions, meaning no ABC or HSR effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Berger
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - François Toussaint
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules CERM, CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée du Six Août, 13, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Sanaa Ben Djemaa
- Gene Expression and Cancer Laboratory GEC, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Erik Maquoi
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate, 13, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Hélène Pendeville
- Platform Zebrafish Facility and Transgenics, GIGA, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Evrard
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Christine Jerôme
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules CERM, CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée du Six Août, 13, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Jeanne Leblond Chain
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Anna Lechanteur
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Denis Mottet
- Gene Expression and Cancer Laboratory GEC, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules CERM, CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée du Six Août, 13, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Piel
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15, Liège, 4000, Belgium
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Saadh MJ, Baher H, Li Y, Chaitanya M, Arias-Gonzáles JL, Allela OQB, Mahdi MH, Carlos Cotrina-Aliaga J, Lakshmaiya N, Ahjel S, Amin AH, Gilmer Rosales Rojas G, Ameen F, Ahsan M, Akhavan-Sigari R. The bioengineered and multifunctional nanoparticles in pancreatic cancer therapy: Bioresponisive nanostructures, phototherapy and targeted drug delivery. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116490. [PMID: 37354932 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The multidisciplinary approaches in treatment of cancer appear to be essential in term of bringing benefits of several disciplines and their coordination in tumor elimination. Because of the biological and malignant features of cancer cells, they have ability of developing resistance to conventional therapies such as chemo- and radio-therapy. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant disease of gastrointestinal tract in which chemotherapy and radiotherapy are main tools in its treatment, and recently, nanocarriers have been emerged as promising structures in its therapy. The bioresponsive nanocarriers are able to respond to pH and redox, among others, in targeted delivery of cargo for specific treatment of PC. The loading drugs on the nanoparticles that can be synthetic or natural compounds, can help in more reduction in progression of PC through enhancing their intracellular accumulation in cancer cells. The encapsulation of genes in the nanoparticles can protect against degradation and promotes intracellular accumulation in tumor suppression. A new kind of therapy for cancer is phototherapy in which nanoparticles can stimulate both photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy through hyperthermia and ROS overgeneration to trigger cell death in PC. Therefore, synergistic therapy of phototherapy with chemotherapy is performed in accelerating tumor suppression. One of the important functions of nanotechnology is selective targeting of PC cells in reducing side effects on normal cells. The nanostructures are capable of being surface functionalized with aptamers, proteins and antibodies to specifically target PC cells in suppressing their progression. Therefore, a specific therapy for PC is provided and future implications for diagnosis of PC is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan; Applied Science Research Center. Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hala Baher
- Department of Radiology and Ultrasonography Techniques, College of Medical Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yuanji Li
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Mvnl Chaitanya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - José Luis Arias-Gonzáles
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Natrayan Lakshmaiya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Salam Ahjel
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Ali H Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ahsan
- Department of Measurememts and Control Systems, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland.
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University, Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Berger M, Toussaint F, Djemaa SB, Laloy J, Pendeville H, Evrard B, Jerôme C, Lechanteur A, Mottet D, Debuigne A, Piel G. Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) derivatives as PEG alternatives for stealth, non-toxic and less immunogenic siRNA-containing lipoplex delivery. J Control Release 2023; 361:87-101. [PMID: 37482343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The recent approval of Onpattro® and COVID-19 vaccines has highlighted the value of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for the delivery of genetic material. If it is known that PEGylation is crucial to confer stealth properties to LNPs, it is also known that PEGylation is responsible for the decrease of the cellular uptake and endosomal escape and for the production of anti-PEG antibodies inducing accelerated blood clearance (ABC) and hypersensitivity reactions. Today, the development of PEG alternatives is crucial. Poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PNVP) has shown promising results for liposome decoration but has never been tested for the delivery of nucleic acids. Our aim is to develop a series of amphiphilic PNVP compounds to replace lipids-PEG for the post-insertion of lipoplexes dedicated to siRNA delivery. PNVP compounds with different degrees of polymerization and hydrophobic segments, such as octadecyl, dioctadecyl and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE), were generated. Based on the physicochemical properties and the efficiency to reduce protein corona formation, we showed that the DSPE segment is essential for the integration into the lipoplexes. Lipoplexes post-grafted with 15% DSPE-PNVP30 resulted in gene silencing efficiency close to that of lipoplexes grafted with 15% DSPE-PEG. Finally, an in vivo study in mice confirmed the stealth properties of DSPE-PNVP30 lipoplexes as well as a lower immune response ABC effect compared to DSPE-PEG lipoplexes. Furthermore, we showed a lower immune response after the second injection with DSPE-PNVP30 lipoplexes compared to DSPE-PEG lipoplexes. All these observations suggest that DSPE-PNVP30 appears to be a promising alternative to PEG, with no toxicity, good stealth properties and lower immunological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Berger
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - François Toussaint
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Sanaa Ben Djemaa
- Gene Expression and Cancer Laboratory (GEC), GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Julie Laloy
- NNC Laboratory (NARILIS), Department of Pharmacy, University of Namur, Belgium
| | - Hélène Pendeville
- Platform Zebrafish Facility and Transgenics, GIGA, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Evrard
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Christine Jerôme
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Anna Lechanteur
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Denis Mottet
- Gene Expression and Cancer Laboratory (GEC), GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Belgium.
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liège, Belgium.
| | - Géraldine Piel
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Belgium.
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Nicolescu C, Schilb A, Kim J, Sun D, Hall R, Gao S, Gilmore H, Schiemann WP, Lu ZR. Evaluating Dual-Targeted ECO/siRNA Nanoparticles against an Oncogenic lncRNA for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Therapy with Magnetic Resonance Molecular Imaging. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 1:461-470. [PMID: 37655165 PMCID: PMC10466452 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation antagonizing noncoding RNA (DANCR) is recognized as an oncogenic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) overexpressed in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). We showed in a previous study that RNAi with targeted multifunctional ionizable lipid ECO/siRNA nanoparticles was effective to regulate this undruggable target for effective treatment of TNBC. In this study, we developed dual-targeted ECO/siDANCR nanoparticles by targeting a tumor extracellular matrix oncoprotein, extradomain B fibronectin (EDB-FN), and integrins overexpressed on cancer cells for enhanced delivery of siDANCR. The treatment of Hs578T TNBC cells and MCF-7 estrogen receptor-positive cells in vitro resulted in significant down-regulation of DANCR and EDB-FN and suppressed invasion and 3D spheroid formation of the cells. Magnetic resonance molecular imaging (MRMI) with an EDB-FN-targeted contrast agent, MT218, was used to noninvasively evaluate tumor response to treatment with the targeted ECO/siDANCR nanoparticles in female nude mice bearing orthotopic Hs578T and MCF-7 xenografts. MRMI with MT218 was effective to differentiate between aggressive TNBC with high DANCR and EDB-FN expression and ER+ MCF-7 tumors with low expression of the targets. MRMI showed that the dual-targeted ECO/siDANCR nanoparticles resulted in more significant inhibition of tumor growth in both models than the controls and significantly reduced EDB-FN expression in the TNBC tumors. The combination of MRMI and dual-targeted ECO/siDANCR nanoparticles is a promising approach for image-guided treatment of TNBC by regulating the onco-lncRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calin Nicolescu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Andrew Schilb
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jiyoon Kim
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Da Sun
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ryan Hall
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Songqi Gao
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Hannah Gilmore
- Department
of Pathology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - William P. Schiemann
- Case
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Zheng-Rong Lu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Case
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western
Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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7
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Luo S, Lv Z, Yang Q, Chang R, Wu J. Research Progress on Stimulus-Responsive Polymer Nanocarriers for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1928. [PMID: 37514114 PMCID: PMC10386740 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As drug carriers for cancer treatment, stimulus-responsive polymer nanomaterials are a major research focus. These nanocarriers respond to specific stimulus signals (e.g., pH, redox, hypoxia, enzymes, temperature, and light) to precisely control drug release, thereby improving drug uptake rates in cancer cells and reducing drug damage to normal cells. Therefore, we reviewed the research progress in the past 6 years and the mechanisms underpinning single and multiple stimulus-responsive polymer nanocarriers in tumour therapy. The advantages and disadvantages of various stimulus-responsive polymeric nanomaterials are summarised, and the future outlook is provided to provide a scientific and theoretical rationale for further research, development, and utilisation of stimulus-responsive nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicui Luo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhuo Lv
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qiuqiong Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Renjie Chang
- Center of Digestive Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Junzi Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
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8
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Chen Z, Wang X, Zhao N, Chen H, Guo G. Advancements in pH-responsive nanocarriers: enhancing drug delivery for tumor therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1623-1642. [PMID: 38059646 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2292678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumors pose a significant global economic and health burden, with conventional cancer treatments lacking tumor specificity, leading to limited efficiency and undesirable side effects. Targeted tumor therapy is imminent. Tumor cells produce lactate and hydrogen ions (H+) by Warburg effect, forming an acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), which can be employed to design targeted tumor therapy. Recently, progress in nanotechnology has led to the development of pH-responsive nanocarriers, which have gathered significant attention. Under acidic tumor conditions, they exhibit targeted accumulation within tumor sites and controlled release profiles of therapeutic reagents, enabling precise tumor therapy. AREAS COVERED This review comprehensively summarize the principles underlying pH-responsive features, discussing various types of pH-responsive nanocarriers, their advantages, and limitations. Innovative therapeutic drugs are also examined, followed by an exploration of recent advancements in applying various pH-responsive nanocarriers as delivery systems for enhanced tumor therapy. EXPERT OPINIONS pH-responsive nanocarriers have garnered significant attention for their capability to achieve targeted accumulation of therapeutic agents at tumor sites and controlled drug delivery profiles, ultimately increasing the efficiency of tumor eradication. It is anticipated that the employment of pH-responsive nanocarriers will elevate the effectiveness and safety of tumor therapy, contributing to improved overall outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyun Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- West China School of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Verkhovskii RA, Ivanov AN, Lengert EV, Tulyakova KA, Shilyagina NY, Ermakov AV. Current Principles, Challenges, and New Metrics in pH-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems for Systemic Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051566. [PMID: 37242807 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of drug delivery via particulate formulations is one of the leading ideas that enable overcoming limitations of traditional chemotherapeutic agents. The trend toward more complex multifunctional drug carriers is well-traced in the literature. Nowadays, the prospectiveness of stimuli-responsive systems capable of controlled cargo release in the lesion nidus is widely accepted. Both endogenous and exogenous stimuli are employed for this purpose; however, endogenous pH is the most common trigger. Unfortunately, scientists encounter multiple challenges on the way to the implementation of this idea related to the vehicles' accumulation in off-target tissues, their immunogenicity, the complexity of drug delivery to intracellular targets, and finally, the difficulties in the fabrication of carriers matching all imposed requirements. Here, we discuss fundamental strategies for pH-responsive drug delivery, as well as limitations related to such carriers' application, and reveal the main problems, weaknesses, and reasons for poor clinical results. Moreover, we attempted to formulate the profiles of an "ideal" drug carrier in the frame of different strategies drawing on the example of metal-comprising materials and considered recently published studies through the lens of these profiles. We believe that this approach will facilitate the formulation of the main challenges facing researchers and the identification of the most promising trends in technology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Verkhovskii
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexey N Ivanov
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University of V. I. Razumovsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Lengert
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University of V. I. Razumovsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Theranostics, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia A Tulyakova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Natalia Yu Shilyagina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexey V Ermakov
- Central Research Laboratory, Saratov State Medical University of V. I. Razumovsky, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Theranostics, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Wei X, Liu S, Cao Y, Wang Z, Chen S. Polymers in Engineering Extracellular Vesicle Mimetics: Current Status and Prospective. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051496. [PMID: 37242738 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of a high delivery efficiency by traditional nanomedicines during cancer treatment is a challenging task. As a natural mediator for short-distance intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered significant attention owing to their low immunogenicity and high targeting ability. They can load a variety of major drugs, thus offering immense potential. In order to overcome the limitations of EVs and establish them as an ideal drug delivery system, polymer-engineered extracellular vesicle mimics (EVMs) have been developed and applied in cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the current status of polymer-based extracellular vesicle mimics in drug delivery, and analyze their structural and functional properties based on the design of an ideal drug carrier. We anticipate that this review will facilitate a deeper understanding of the extracellular vesicular mimetic drug delivery system, and stimulate the progress and advancement of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Sihang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, UM-SJTU Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yifeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Electronic Chemicals, Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Zhejiang Sundoc Pharmaceutical Science and Tech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Shengfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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11
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Gyanani V, Goswami R. Key Design Features of Lipid Nanoparticles and Electrostatic Charge-Based Lipid Nanoparticle Targeting. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041184. [PMID: 37111668 PMCID: PMC10144967 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) have gained much attention after the approval of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. The considerable number of currently ongoing clinical studies are testament to this fact. These efforts towards the development of LNPs warrant an insight into the fundamental developmental aspects of such systems. In this review, we discuss the key design aspects that confer efficacy to a LNP delivery system, i.e., potency, biodegradability, and immunogenicity. We also cover the underlying considerations regarding the route of administration and targeting of LNPs to hepatic and non-hepatic targets. Furthermore, since LNP efficacy is also a function of drug/nucleic acid release within endosomes, we take a holistic view of charged-based targeting approaches of LNPs not only in the context of endosomal escape but also in relation to other comparable target cell internalization strategies. Electrostatic charge-based interactions have been used in the past as a potential strategy to enhance the drug release from pH-sensitive liposomes. In this review, we cover such strategies around endosomal escape and cell internalization in low pH tumor micro-environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Gyanani
- T.J.L. School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
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12
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Geng T, Leung E, Chamley LW, Wu Z. Functionalisation of extracellular vesicles with cyclic-RGDyC potentially for glioblastoma targeted intracellular drug delivery. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 149:213388. [PMID: 37003022 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
With the intrinsic ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) hold promise as endogenous brain-targeted drug delivery nano-platforms for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment. To increase GBM targetability, this study aimed to functionalise sEVs with cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-tyrosine-cysteine (cRGDyC), a ligand for integrin (αvβ3) that is overexpressed in GBM cells. Firstly, the intrinsic cellular uptake of sEVs derived from GBM U87 and pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 cells was investigated on the donor cells. To obtain functionalised sEVs (cRGDyC-sEVs), DSPE-mPEG2000-maleimide was incubated with the selected (U87) sEVs, and cRGDyC was subsequently conjugated to the maleimide groups via a thiol-maleimide coupling reaction. The GBM cell targetability and intracellular trafficking of cRGDyC-sEVs were evaluated on U87 cells by fluorescence and confocal microscopy, using unmodified sEVs as a reference. The cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-loaded vesicles (Dox@sEVs, Dox@cRGDyC-sEVs) was compared with a standard liposome formulation (Dox@Liposomes) and free Dox. Both U87 and MIA PaCa-2 cell-derived sEVs displayed tropism with the former being >4.9-fold more efficient to be internalised into U87. Therefore, the U87-derived sEVs were chosen for GBM-targeting. Approximately 4000 DSPE-mPEG2000-maleimide were inserted onto each sEV with cRGDyC conjugated to the maleimide group. The cell targetability of cRGDyC-sEVs to U87 cells improved 2.4-fold than natural sEVs. Despite their proneness to be colocalised with endosomes/lysosomes, both Dox@sEVs and Dox@cRGDyC-sEVs showed superior cytotoxicity to U87 GBM cells compared to Dox@Liposomes, particularly Dox@cRGDyC-sEVs. Overall, U87-derived sEVs were successufully conjugated with cRGDyC via a PEG linker, and cRGDyC-sEVs were demonstrated to be a potnetial integrin-targeting drug delivery vehicle for GBM treatment. Graphic abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Geng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lawrence W Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Hub for Extracellular Vesicles Investigations, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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13
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A simple approach to re-engineering small extracellular vesicles to circumvent endosome entrapment. Int J Pharm 2022; 626:122153. [PMID: 36055444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as attractive drug delivery systems. However, the intracellular release of their cargoes is restricted. This study aimed to develop an efficient approach to re-engineer sEVs by hybridisation with pH-sensitive liposomes (PSLs) and investigate their endosome escape potential. MIA PaCa-2 cell-derived sEVs and PSLs were fused via three methods, and fusion efficiency (FE) was measured using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-loaded vesicles (Dox@hybrids, Dox@sEVs, and Dox@PSLs) were investigated on MIA PaCa-2 cells. Among the three methods, Ca2+-mediated fusion was the simplest and led to a comparable FE with freeze-thaw method, which was significantly higher than PEG8000-mediated fusion. sEVs were more stable after hybridisation with PSLs. Confocal microscopy revealed that the hybrids internalised more efficiently than natural sEVs. While the internalised Dox@sEVs were primarily co-localised with endo/lysosomes even after 8 h, Dox from Dox@hybrids was found to escape from endosomes by 2 h and homogenously distributed in the cytosol before accumulated at nucleus, corresponding to the in vitro pH-responsive release profile. Consequently, Dox@hybrids enhanced cytotoxicity compared with Dox@sEVs, Dox@PSLs, or free drugs. Overall, the biomimetic nanosystem generated by simple Ca2+-mediated fusion was more stable and demonstrated higher efficiencies of cellular uptake and endosome escape compared to natural sEVs.
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14
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Hausig-Punke F, Richter F, Hoernke M, Brendel JC, Traeger A. Tracking the Endosomal Escape: A Closer Look at Calcein and Related Reporters. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200167. [PMID: 35933579 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Crossing the cellular membrane and delivering active pharmaceuticals or biologicals into the cytosol of cells is an essential step in the development of nanomedicines. One of the most important intracellular processes regarding the cellular uptake of biologicals is the endolysosomal pathway. Sophisticated nanocarriers have been developed overcoming a major hurdle, the endosomal entrapment, and delivering their cargo to the required site of action. In parallel, in vitro assays have been established analyzing the performance of these nanocarriers. Among them, the release of the membrane-impermeable dye calcein has become a popular and straightforward method. It is accessible for most researchers worldwide, allows for rapid conclusions about the release potential, and enables the study of release mechanisms. This review is intended to provide an overview and guidance for scientists applying the calcein release assay. It comprises a survey of several applications in the study of endosomal escape, considerations of potential pitfalls, challenges and limitations of the assay, and a brief summary of complementary methods. Based on this review, we hope to encourage further research groups to take advantage of the calcein release assay for their own purposes and help to create a database for more efficient cross-correlations between nanocarriers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hausig-Punke
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Friederike Richter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Hoernke
- Chemistry and Pharmacy, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 9, 79104, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
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15
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Ashrafizadeh M, Delfi M, Zarrabi A, Bigham A, Sharifi E, Rabiee N, Paiva-Santos AC, Kumar AP, Tan SC, Hushmandi K, Ren J, Zare EN, Makvandi P. Stimuli-responsive liposomal nanoformulations in cancer therapy: Pre-clinical & clinical approaches. J Control Release 2022; 351:50-80. [PMID: 35934254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The site-specific delivery of antitumor agents is of importance for providing effective cancer suppression. Poor bioavailability of anticancer compounds and the presence of biological barriers prevent their accumulation in tumor sites. These obstacles can be overcome using liposomal nanostructures. The challenges in cancer chemotherapy and stimuli-responsive nanocarriers are first described in the current review. Then, stimuli-responsive liposomes including pH-, redox-, enzyme-, light-, thermo- and magneto-sensitive nanoparticles are discussed and their potential for delivery of anticancer drugs is emphasized. The pH- or redox-sensitive liposomes are based on internal stimulus and release drug in response to a mildly acidic pH and GSH, respectively. The pH-sensitive liposomes can mediate endosomal escape via proton sponge. The multifunctional liposomes responsive to both redox and pH have more capacity in drug release at tumor site compared to pH- or redox-sensitive alone. The magnetic field and NIR irradiation can be exploited for external stimulation of liposomes. The light-responsive liposomes release drugs when they are exposed to irradiation; thermosensitive-liposomes release drugs at a temperature of >40 °C when there is hyperthermia; magneto-responsive liposomes release drugs in presence of magnetic field. These smart nanoliposomes also mediate co-delivery of drugs and genes in synergistic cancer therapy. Due to lack of long-term toxicity of liposomes, they can be utilized in near future for treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Masoud Delfi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Ashkan Bigham
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials-National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54-Mostra d'Oltremare pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 6517838736 Hamadan, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea; School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology and zoonosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | - Pooyan Makvandi
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan 36716-41167, Iran; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Materials Interfaces, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy.
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16
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Preparation and application of pH-responsive drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2022; 348:206-238. [PMID: 35660634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microenvironment-responsive drug delivery systems (DDSs) can achieve targeted drug delivery, reduce drug side effects and improve drug efficacies. Among them, pH-responsive DDSs have gained popularity since the pH in the diseased tissues such as cancer, bacterial infection and inflammation differs from a physiological pH of 7.4 and this difference could be harnessed for DDSs to release encapsulated drugs specifically to these diseased tissues. A variety of synthetic approaches have been developed to prepare pH-sensitive DDSs, including introduction of a variety of pH-sensitive chemical bonds or protonated/deprotonated chemical groups. A myriad of nano DDSs have been explored to be pH-responsive, including liposomes, micelles, hydrogels, dendritic macromolecules and organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles, and micron level microspheres. The prodrugs from drug-loaded pH-sensitive nano DDSs have been applied in research on anticancer therapy and diagnosis of cancer, inflammation, antibacterial infection, and neurological diseases. We have systematically summarized synthesis strategies of pH-stimulating DDSs, illustrated commonly used and recently developed nanocarriers for these DDSs and covered their potential in different biomedical applications, which may spark new ideas for the development and application of pH-sensitive nano DDSs.
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17
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PAMAM versus PEI complexation for siRNA delivery: interaction with model lipid membranes and cellular uptake. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1151-1163. [PMID: 35318566 PMCID: PMC9197904 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cationic polymers have many advantages as vectors for mediated cellular entry and delivery of siRNA. However, toxicity related to their cationic charge has compromised clinical use. It is hypothesized that the siRNA-vector complex composition and properties can be controlled to optimize therapeutic performance. Here we investigate siRNA complexes with branched polyethylenimine (bPEI) versus generation 4 polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM) on interactions with immobilized lipid membranes, and cellular uptake and toxicity. Methods A model siRNA was complexed with either PAMAM or bPEI, and their size and zeta-potential characterized. Interaction of the complexes and parent polymers with lipid bilayers was investigated using atomic force microscopy and correlated with the uptake and toxicity in HeLa cells. Results PAMAM and its siRNA complexes formed circular shaped micron-sized holes in lipid bilayers, while bPEI formed nanoscale holes. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy demonstrated PAMAM-siRNA complexes to have a higher cellular uptake than bPEI-siRNA complexes. bPEI-siRNA complexes did not impact on viability, however PAMAM-siRNA complexes demonstrated increasing cell toxicity as N/P ratio increased. PAMAM-siRNA complexes accumulated around the cell nucleus, while PEI-siRNA complexes were located closer to the cell wall. Conclusion Complexation of PAMAM dendrimer or bPEI with siRNA modified physicochemical properties of the parent polymer, however it did not impact on the mechanism of interaction with model lipid bilayers or how the polymer/siRNA complex interacted and was internalized by HeLa cells. Interaction of siRNA polymer complexes with cells is related to the action of the parent polymer. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Calcium Enabled Remote Loading of a Weak Acid Into pH-sensitive Liposomes and Augmented Cytosolic Delivery to Cancer Cells via the Proton Sponge Effect. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1181-1195. [PMID: 35229237 PMCID: PMC9197910 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
While delivery of chemotherapeutics to cancer cells by nanomedicines can improve therapeutic outcomes, many fail due to the low drug loading (DL), poor cellular uptake and endosomal entrapment. This study investigated the potential to overcome these limitations using pH-sensitive liposomes (PSL) empowered by the use of calcium acetate. An acidic dinitrobenzamide mustard prodrug SN25860 was used as a model drug, with non pH-sensitive liposomes (NPSL) as a reference. Calcium acetate as a remote loading agent allowed to engineer PSL- and NPSL-SN25860 with DL of > 31.1% (w/w). The IC50 of PSL-SN25860 was 21- and 141-fold lower than NPSL and free drug, respectively. At 48 h following injection of PSL-SN25860, NPSL-SN25860 and the free drug, drug concentrations in EMT6-nfsB murine breast tumors were 56.3 µg/g, 6.76 µg/g and undetectable (< 0.015 µg/g), respectively (n = 3). Meanwhile, the ex vivo tumor clonogenic assay showed 9.1%, 19.4% and 42.7% cell survival in the respective tumors. Live-cell imaging and co-localization analysis suggested endosomal escape was accomplished by destabilization of PSL followed by release of Ca2+ in endosomes allowing induction of a proton sponge effect. Subsequent endosomal rupture was observed approximately 30 min following endocytosis of PSL containing Ca2+. Additionally, calcium in liposomes promoted internalization of both PSL and NPSL. Taken together, this study demonstrated multifaceted functions of calcium acetate in promoting drug loading into liposomes, cellular uptake, and endosomal escape of PSL for efficient cytoplasmic drug delivery. The results shed light on designing nano-platforms for cytoplasmic delivery of various therapeutics.
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19
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Coelho F, Salonen LM, Silva BFB. Hemiacetal-linked pH-sensitive PEG-lipids for non-viral gene delivery. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02217f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cationic lipid–DNA complexes containing a novel hemiacetal PEG-lipid for endosomal escape were characterized in terms of pH-response, stability, and biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Coelho
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Laura M. Salonen
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno F. B. Silva
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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20
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Guo RB, Zhang XY, Yan DK, Yu YJ, Wang YJ, Geng HX, Wu YN, Liu Y, Kong L, Li XT. Folate-modified triptolide liposomes target activated macrophages for safe rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Biomater Sci 2021; 10:499-513. [PMID: 34904598 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01520f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial joint hyperplasia, joint inflammation, cartilage erosion and bone destruction. Macrophages play an essential role in the pathogenesis of RA, and folate receptor β (FR-β) is highly expressed on the surface of activated synovial macrophages in RA patients. Triptolide (TP) has anti-inflammatory properties, and it can protect the cartilage matrix, but its clinical application has been limited due to poor solubility, low bioavailability and systemic toxicity. Therefore, we constructed folate-modified triptolide liposomes (FA-TP-Lips) to target macrophages, thereby treating RA in a safe and effective way. The experiments indicated that FA-TP-Lips had properties of small particle size, uniform particle size distribution, high drug encapsulation and long circulation. Furthermore, FA-TP-Lips showed reduced cytotoxicity, increased cellular uptake and significant anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. It also inhibited osteoclastogenesis. In vivo experiments revealed that liposomes could prolong the circulation of TP in the body, as well as exhibit significant cartilage-protective and anti-inflammatory effects with lower toxicity compared with the free TP group, thereby providing a promising new approach for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Bo Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shengming 1 Road 77, Double D port, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Xin-Yue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shengming 1 Road 77, Double D port, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - De-Kang Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shengming 1 Road 77, Double D port, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Ying-Jie Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shengming 1 Road 77, Double D port, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Yu-Jia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shengming 1 Road 77, Double D port, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Hong-Xia Geng
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shengming 1 Road 77, Double D port, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Ya-Nan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shengming 1 Road 77, Double D port, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shengming 1 Road 77, Double D port, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shengming 1 Road 77, Double D port, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Xue-Tao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shengming 1 Road 77, Double D port, Dalian 116600, China.
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21
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Stimuli-responsive nanoliposomes as prospective nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Liao TT, Han JF, Zhang FY, Na R, Ye WL. Enhanced Anti-Tumor Effect of Folate-Targeted FA-AMA-hyd-DOX Conjugate in a Xenograft Model of Human Breast Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237110. [PMID: 34885691 PMCID: PMC8659115 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Folate-aminocaproic acid-doxorubicin (FA-AMA-hyd-DOX) was firstly synthesized by our group. It was indicated that FA-AMA-hyd-DOX was pH-responsive, and had strong cytotoxicity on a folate receptor overexpressing cell line (KB cells) in vitro. The aim of our study was to further explore the potential use of FA-AMA-hyd-DOX as a new therapeutic drug for breast cancer. The cellular uptake and the antiproliferative activity of the FA-AMA-hyd-DOX in MDA-MB-231 cells were measured. Compared with DOX, FA-AMA-hyd-DOX exhibited higher targeting ability and cytotoxicity to FR-positive tumor cells. Subsequently, the tissue distribution of FA-AMA-hyd-DOX was studied, and the result confirmed that DOX modified by FA can effectively increase the selectivity of drugs in vivo. After determining the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of FA-AMA-hyd-DOX in MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing nude mice, the antitumor effects and the in vivo safety of FA-AMA-hyd-DOX were systematically evaluated. The data showed that FA-AMA-hyd-DOX could effectively increase the dose of DOX tolerated by tumor-bearing nude mice and significantly inhibit MDA-MB-231 tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, FA-AMA-hyd-DOX treatment resulted in almost no obvious damage to the mice. All the positive data suggest that FA-targeted FA-AMA-hyd-DOX is a promising tumor-targeted compound for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-tian Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (T.-t.L.); (F.-y.Z.)
| | - Jiang-fan Han
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
| | - Fei-yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (T.-t.L.); (F.-y.Z.)
| | - Ren Na
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Faculty of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China;
| | - Wei-liang Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (T.-t.L.); (F.-y.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-29-8477-6783
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Yang K, Tang M, Chang HH, Kanamala M, Davidson AJ, Wu Z. Mannosylation of pH-sensitive liposomes promoted cytoplasmic delivery of protein to macrophages: green fluorescent protein (GFP) performed as an endosomal escape tracer. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 26:1000-1009. [PMID: 34396913 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.1969406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Conventional non-pH-sensitive liposomes for cytoplasmic delivery of protein suffer from poor efficiency. Here we investigated mannosylated pH-sensitive liposomes (MAN-PSL) for cytoplasmic delivery of protein to macrophages RAW 264.7 using PSL and non-pH-sensitive liposomes for comparison. We characterised the pH-dependent fluorescence of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and encapsulated it in liposomes as an intracellular trafficking tracer. GFP showed a reversed 'S'-shaped pH-fluorescence curve with a dramatic signal loss at acidic pH. GFP stored at 4 °C with light protection showed a half-life of 10 days (pH 5-8). The entrapment efficiency of GFP was dominated by the volume ratio of intraliposomal core to external medium for thin-film hydration. Mannosylation did not affect the pH-responsiveness of PSL. Confocal microscopy elucidated that mannosylation promoted the cellular uptake of PSL. For both these liposomes, the strongest, homogeneously distributed GFP fluorescence in the cytoplasm was found at 3 h, confirming efficient endosomal escape of GFP. Conversely, internalisation of non-pH-sensitive liposomes was slow (peaked at 12 h) and both Nile Red and GFP signals remained weak and punctuated in the cytosol. In conclusion, GFP performed as a probe for endosome escape of liposomal cargo. Mannosylation facilitated the internalisation of PSL without compromising their endosomal escape ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mingtan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hao-Han Chang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Manju Kanamala
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alan James Davidson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Advance cardiac nanomedicine by targeting the pathophysiological characteristics of heart failure. J Control Release 2021; 337:494-504. [PMID: 34358590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) has continued to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Nanomedicine, which can deliver therapeutic drugs/biomolecules specifically to damaged myocardium and overcome the limitations of conventional therapies, shows great potential in the treatment of HF. Although a number of preclinical studies of cardiac nanoformulations have been published, targeted nanomedicine for HF is yet to be applied in clinical practice. Therefore, it is meaningful to sum up past experiences and deepen the understanding of nanomedicine and HF. In this review, we first emphasized the key biological barriers to cardiac nanomedicine that hinder its targeting effect. Since the rational design of nanoparticles should take into account the specific characteristics of HF, we then summarized the key pathophysiological changes of HF to provide a clear understanding on HF, as well as the latest examples of nanotechnology-based delivery strategies for different pathophysiological characteristics. Finally, the major challenges are discussed in detail, aiming to provide guidance for future development of cardiac nanomedicine.
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Wang R, Zhang Z, Liu B, Xue J, Liu F, Tang T, Liu W, Feng F, Qu W. Strategies for the design of nanoparticles: starting with long-circulating nanoparticles, from lab to clinic. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3621-3637. [PMID: 34008587 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02221g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Short half-life is one of the main causes of drug attrition in clinical development, which also leads to the failure of many leading compounds and hits to become drug candidates. Nowadays, nanomaterials have been applied to drug development to address this problem. In fact, the clinical application of nanoparticles (NPs) is severely limited due to their rapid elimination by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in vivo. In this paper, we aim to summarize representative strategies on prolonging the circulation time for bridging the gap between excellent pharmaceutics and proper half-life and encourage clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Wang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bowen Liu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingwei Xue
- The Joint Laboratory of China Pharmaceutical University and Taian City Central Hospital, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, China and Taian City institute of Digestive Disease, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Fulei Liu
- The Joint Laboratory of China Pharmaceutical University and Taian City Central Hospital, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, China and Pharmaceutical Department, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Tongzhong Tang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China and Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China. and Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, 223003, China.
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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Tang M, Lozano Hernandez L, Reginald-Opara JN, Svirskis D, Leung E, Wang H, Wu Z. Zebularine suppressed gemcitabine-induced senescence and improved the cellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine, augmented by liposomal co-delivery. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120659. [PMID: 33933647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major factor driving cancer recurrence. This study investigated the potential of zebularine, a dual cytidine deaminase (CDA)/epigenetic inhibitor, to circumvent gemcitabine-resistance in pancreatic cancer using a nanomedicine co-delivery approach. The mRNA expression of key metabolic enzymes, including CDA for gemcitabine deactivation in a gemcitabine-resistant cell line Gr2000 and its parental MIA PaCa-2 was compared using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. A highly gemcitabine-resistant population (HRP) in Gr2000 were characterised for their growth pattern, β-galactosidase activity (a hallmark of senescence) and chemosensitivity to zebularine after isolation. The CDA inhibition effects of zebularine on the intracellular gemcitabine accumulation and pharmacokinetics in rats when co-delivered with pH-sensitive liposomes (pSL) were investigated. Gr2000 had a 3-time upregulated mRNA expression and enzyme activity for CDA. The HRP (28% of bulk Gr2000) were predominately senescent cells which re-proliferated following a growth arrest for a week. Zebularine suppressed the regrowth of senescent cells, meanwhile enhanced cellular gemcitabine concentration by 2-fold. When co-delivered with pSL, zebularine increased cellular gemcitabine concentration by 4-fold, and extended the half-life of gemcitabine in plasma by 22-fold in rats. In conclusion, multiple mechanisms including therapy-induced senescence were identified with gemcitabine-resistance. Co-delivery of zebularine using liposomes could provide multifaceted benefits in gemcitabine therapy for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Lina Lozano Hernandez
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Joy N Reginald-Opara
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Darren Svirskis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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Feng Y, Qin G, Chang S, Jing Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Antitumor Effect of Hyperoside Loaded in Charge Reversed and Mitochondria-Targeted Liposomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3073-3089. [PMID: 33953556 PMCID: PMC8091078 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s297716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hyperoside (HYP), a flavonol glycoside compound, has been shown to significantly inhibit the proliferation of malignant tumors. Mitochondria serve as both “energy factories” and “suicide weapon stores” of cells. Targeted delivery of cytotoxic drugs to the mitochondria of tumor cells and tumor vascular cells is a promising strategy to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. Objective We report a novel dual-functional liposome system possessing both extracellular charge reversal and mitochondrial targeting properties to enhance drug accumulation in mitochondria and trigger apoptosis of cancer cells. Methods L-lysine was used as a linker to connect 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride (DMA) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE) to yield a new compound, DSPE-Lys-DMA (DLD). Then, DLD was mixed with other commercially available lipids to form charge reversed and mitochondria-targeted liposomes (DLD-Lip). The size, morphology, zeta potential, serum stability, and protein adsorption of the HYP loaded DLD-Lip (HYP/DLD-Lip) were measured. The release profile, cellular uptake, in vitro and in vivo toxicity, and anticancer activity of HYP/DLD-Lip were investigated. Results The results showed that the mean diameter of the liposomes was less than 200 nm. The zeta potential of the liposomes was negative at pH 7.4. However, the zeta potential was positive at weak acidic pH values with the cleavage of the DMA amide. The charge reversion of HYP/DLD-Lip facilitated the cellular internalization and mitochondrial accumulation for enhanced antitumor effect. The strongest tumor growth inhibition (TGI 88.79%) without systemic toxicity was observed in DLD/HYP-Lips-treated CBRH-7919 tumor xenograft BALB/C mice. Conclusion The charge reversed and mitochondria-targeted liposomes represented a promising anticancer drug delivery system for enhanced anticancer therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica in Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica in Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyuan Chang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica in Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxu Jing
- Heilongjiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica in Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica in Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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28
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Hu X, Zhang J, Deng L, Hu H, Hu J, Zheng G. Galactose-Modified PH-Sensitive Niosomes for Controlled Release and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Target Delivery of Tanshinone IIA. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:96. [PMID: 33694067 PMCID: PMC7946689 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the drug tumor-specific accumulation and controlling their release is considered one of the most effective ways to increase the efficacy of drugs. Here, we developed a vesicle system that can target hepatoma and release drugs rapidly within tumor cells. This non-ionic surfactant vesicle is biodegradable. Galactosylated stearate has been used to glycosylate the vesicles to achieve liver targeting; replacement of a portion (Chol:CHEMS = 1:1) of cholesterol by cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS) allows for a rapid release of drugs in an acidic environment. In vitro release experiments confirmed that galactose-modified pH-sensitive niosomes loaded with tanshinone IIA had excellent drug release performance in acid medium. In vitro experiments using ovarian cancer cells (A2780), colon cancer cells (HCT8), and hepatoma cell (Huh7, HepG2) confirmed that the preparation had specific targeting ability to hepatoma cells compared with free drugs, and this ability was dependent on the galactose content. Furthermore, the preparation also had a more substantial inhibitory effect on tumor cells, and subsequent apoptosis assays and cell cycle analyses further confirmed its enhanced anti-tumor effect. Results of pharmacokinetic experiments confirmed that the vesicle system could significantly extend the blood circulation time of tanshinone IIA, and the larger area under the curve indicated that the preparation had a better drug effect. Thus, the results of biodistribution experiments confirmed the in vivo liver targeting ability of this preparation. Niosomes designed in this manner are expected to be a safe and effective drug delivery system for liver cancer therapy.
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Habib S, Singh M. Recent Advances in Lipid-Based Nanosystems for Gemcitabine and Gemcitabine-Combination Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:597. [PMID: 33673636 PMCID: PMC7997169 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The anti-metabolite drug gemcitabine is widely used for the treatment of a variety of cancers. At present, gemcitabine is administered as a hydrochloride salt that is delivered by slow intravenous injection in cycles of three or four weeks. Although regarded as a 'front-line' chemotherapeutic agent, its efficacy is hampered by poor target cell specificity, sub-optimal cellular uptake, rapid clearance from circulation, the development of chemoresistance, and undesirable side-effects. The use of organic, inorganic, and metal-based nanoparticles as delivery agents presents an opportunity to overcome these limitations and safely harness optimal drug efficacy and enhance their therapeutic indices. Among the many and varied nano delivery agents explored, the greatest body of knowledge has been generated in the field of lipid-mediated delivery. We review here the liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, exosomes, lipid-polymer hybrids, and other novel lipid-based agents that have been developed within the past six years for the delivery of gemcitabine and its co-drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa;
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30
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Misiak P, Markiewicz KH, Szymczuk D, Wilczewska AZ. Polymeric Drug Delivery Systems Bearing Cholesterol Moieties: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2620. [PMID: 33172152 PMCID: PMC7694753 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide an overview of polymers comprising cholesterol moiety/ies designed to be used in drug delivery. Over the last two decades, there have been many papers published in this field, which are summarized in this review. The primary focus of this article is on the methods of synthesis of polymers bearing cholesterol in the main chain or as side chains. The data related to the composition, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution of polymers are presented. Moreover, other aspects, such as forms of carriers, types of encapsulated drugs, encapsulation efficiency and capacity, are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Misiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1k, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland; (K.H.M.); (D.S.)
| | | | | | - Agnieszka Z. Wilczewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1k, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland; (K.H.M.); (D.S.)
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31
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Rueda-Gensini L, Cifuentes J, Castellanos MC, Puentes PR, Serna JA, Muñoz-Camargo C, Cruz JC. Tailoring Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Cellular Internalization and Endosomal Escape. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1816. [PMID: 32932957 PMCID: PMC7559083 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) have been widely explored for biomedical applications due to their high biocompatibility, surface-coating versatility, and superparamagnetic properties. Upon exposure to an external magnetic field, IONs can be precisely directed to a region of interest and serve as exceptional delivery vehicles and cellular markers. However, the design of nanocarriers that achieve an efficient endocytic uptake, escape lysosomal degradation, and perform precise intracellular functions is still a challenge for their application in translational medicine. This review highlights several aspects that mediate the activation of the endosomal pathways, as well as the different properties that govern endosomal escape and nuclear transfection of magnetic IONs. In particular, we review a variety of ION surface modification alternatives that have emerged for facilitating their endocytic uptake and their timely escape from endosomes, with special emphasis on how these can be manipulated for the rational design of cell-penetrating vehicles. Moreover, additional modifications for enhancing nuclear transfection are also included in the design of therapeutic vehicles that must overcome this barrier. Understanding these mechanisms opens new perspectives in the strategic development of vehicles for cell tracking, cell imaging and the targeted intracellular delivery of drugs and gene therapy sequences and vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rueda-Gensini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Javier Cifuentes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Maria Claudia Castellanos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Paola Ruiz Puentes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Julian A. Serna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
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Fei Z, Li S, Wang J, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Huang W, Sun H. Rhodotorula glutinis as a living cell liposome to deliver polypeptide drugs in vivo. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:51-62. [PMID: 30744426 PMCID: PMC6374944 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1551439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential advantages of recombinant microbes as oral drug carriers for curing diseases have attracted much attention. The use of recombinant oil microbes as living cell liposomes to carry polypeptide drugs may be an ideal polypeptide oral drug delivery system. GM4-ΔTS was constructed by LFH-PCR from Rhodotorula glutinis GM4, which was screened and preserved in our laboratory, and then transferred into choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (CCT), which is a rate-limiting enzyme for lecithin synthesis. The results showed that the CCT gene was highly expressed in the GM4-ΔTS strain and could significantly increase fatty acid and lecithin contents in GM4-ΔTS-PGK1-CCT. Moreover, insulin, H22-LP, and α-MSH were successfully introduced into cells in vitro, and the strain no longer proliferated in vivo, for safe and controllable polypeptide drug delivery. In vivo, normal mice were intragastrically administered with recombinant strains carrying insulin and α-MSH, and different levels of polypeptide drugs were detected in serum and tissue, respectively. Then, recombinant strains carrying insulin were administered to type II diabetes mellitus mice. The results showed that the strains could effectively reduce blood glucose levels in mice, which indicated that the recombinant strains could carry insulin into the body, and the drug effect was remarkable. Therefore, recombinant GM4-ΔTS-PGK1-CCT strains were successfully used as living cell liposomes to carry insulin, H22-LP, and α-MSH peptides into the body for the first time; additionally, these strains have enhanced safety, controllability, and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbin Fei
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Genomic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Genomic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhe Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Genomic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyou Jiang
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanxiao Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Genomic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Hofmann C, Roth G, Hirsch T, Duerkop A, Baeumner AJ. Tethering functionality to lipid interfaces by a fast, simple and controllable post synthesis method. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 181:325-332. [PMID: 31154143 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Liposomes require careful control of the surface design to ensure colloidal stability in complex matrices and target-specific binding to desired receptor units. Ideally, surface functionalization should be smart and controllable in terms of composition which is seldomly achieved by conventional methods. Therefore, a new strategy (insertion method) was developed and compared to the standard method (modification post-synthesis) using the model receptor biotin. EXPERIMENTS Dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine-biotin (DPPE-biotin) was used in both procedures, lipopeptide-biotin and cholesterol-biotin were tested additionally for insertion into the intact lipid bilayer. The insertion method was optimized regarding incubation time, temperature and vesicle stability. The biotinylated vesicles of both functionalization methods were characterized with respect to their size, ζ-potential and binding functionality. FINDINGS Standard incorporation resulted in large variations in insertion-efficiency, high batch-to-batch differences, and an incorporation limit of 4 mol%. Best results were obtained through effortless insertion of the lipopeptide-biotin at room temperature. The concentration-controlled functionalization of liposomes (up to 10 mol%) could easily be monitored by the ζ-potential, resulted in reliable, quantitative binding to streptavidin and did not affect the analytical properties of the nanomaterial. This offers the possibility for a general modification strategy for lipid-based nanomaterials ideal for assay optimizations or multi-analyte detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Hofmann
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Guenter Roth
- ZBSA - (Center for Biological Systems Analysis), University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstraße 46, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS - Center for Biological Signaling Studies, University Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hirsch
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Axel Duerkop
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antje J Baeumner
- University of Regensburg, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Cao Z, Li W, Liu R, Li X, Li H, Liu L, Chen Y, Lv C, Liu Y. pH- and enzyme-triggered drug release as an important process in the design of anti-tumor drug delivery systems. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109340. [PMID: 31545284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is necessary to design a reasonable drug delivery system(DDS) for targeted release to overcome the potential toxicity and poor selectivity of anti-tumor drug. How a drug is released from a DDS is a critical issue that determines whether the DDS is designed successfully. We all know that the microenvironment of tumors is quite different from normal tissues, such as its acidic environment, different expression levels of some enzymes, etc. These features are widely used in the design of DDSs and play an important role in the drug release process in vivo. Numerous DDSs have been designed and synthesized. This article attention to how drugs are released from DDSs. We summarizes and classify the characteristic enzymes and chemical bonds used in the drug release process by browsing a large number of papers, and describes how they are applied in DDSs with specific examples. By understanding these acid-sensitive chemical bonds and over-expressed enzymes in tumors, different DDSs can be designed for different drug structures to solve specific problems of anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Youwen Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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35
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Optimisation of glutathione conjugation to liposomes quantified with a validated HPLC assay. Int J Pharm 2019; 567:118451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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36
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Kanamala M, Palmer BD, Jamieson SM, Wilson WR, Wu Z. Dual pH-sensitive liposomes with low pH-triggered sheddable PEG for enhanced tumor-targeted drug delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:1971-1989. [PMID: 31355712 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: pH-sensitive liposomes (pSL) have emerged as promising nanocarriers due to their endo/lysosome-escape abilities, however, their pH sensitivity is compromised by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) coating. This study investigates whether an intracellular PEG-detachment strategy can overcome this PEG dilemma. Materials & methods: First, PEG2000 was conjugated with a phospholipid via an acid-labile hydrazide-hydrazone bond (-CO-NH-N = CH-), which was postinserted into pSL, forming PEG-cleavable pSL (CL-PEG-pSL). Their endo/lysosomal-escape abilities in MIA PaCa-2 cells, pharmacokinetics and tumor accumulation abilities were studied using PEG-pSL as reference. Results: CL-PEG-pSL showed rapid endo/lysosome-escape abilities in the cancer cells and higher tumor accumulation in MIA PaCa-2 xenograft model in contrast to PEG-pSL. Conclusion: Cleavable PEGylation is an efficient strategy to ameliorate the PEG dilemma of pSL for cancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Kanamala
- School of Pharmacy, Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Brian D Palmer
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Mf Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - William R Wilson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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37
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Tang M, Svirskis D, Leung E, Kanamala M, Wang H, Wu Z. Can intracellular drug delivery using hyaluronic acid functionalised pH-sensitive liposomes overcome gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer? J Control Release 2019; 305:89-100. [PMID: 31096017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance poses a major challenge in cancer treatment. This study aims to investigate whether intracellular drug delivery using hyaluronic acid (HA) functionalised pH-sensitive liposomes (HA-pSL) can circumvent gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer (PC). HA-pSL were obtained by covalently conjugating HA with preformed pSL. A resistant PC cell line Gr2000 was developed by exposing MIA PaCa-2 cells to gemcitabine, and characterised for their expression of CD44, a receptor for HA, and drug transporters. Cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of liposomes were determined by confocal microscopy and HPLC analysis of intracellular drug content. Following a pharmacokinetic study in rats, anti-tumour efficacy was compared between MIA PaCa-2 and Gr2000 xenograft mouse models. HA-pSL with an HA density of 179 μg/μmol had a larger size (152.3 vs 136.3 nm), and higher zeta potential (-46.8 vs -10.5 mV) than pSL. The sensitivity of Gr2000 to gemcitabine reduced 444 times compared to its parental cell line, despite no change to the total drug influx, as drug influx- and efflux-transporters in Gr2000 cells were simultaneously up-regulated. Both cell lines had high expression of CD44. HA facilitated cell uptake without compromising the endosome-escape ability of pSL as evidenced by confocal images and co-localization analysis of the dual-fluorescence labelled liposomes and Lysotracker. HA-pSL significantly outperformed pSL, and increased cellular drug influx by 3.6 times in MIA PaCa-2 cells, and 4.6 times in Gr2000 cells. Both liposomes improved the pharmacokinetic profile of free drug. HA-pSL treatment was superior to pSL, and resulted in 6.4 times smaller tumours (weight) in the MIA PaCa-2 xenograft models, and 3.1 smaller in the Gr2000 models compared with the free drug. Taken together, this study highlighted the use of intracellular delivery strategies (HA-CD44 interaction and endosome escape) to overcome gemcitabine resistance, however, the overall improvement was marginal and tumours still existed. Further improvement in delivery efficiency of HA-pSL to target tumours and additional manipulation of the cellular metabolism of gemcitabine are needed to tackle chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Darren Svirskis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Manju Kanamala
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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Characterization of a smart pH-cleavable PEG polymer towards the development of dual pH-sensitive liposomes. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:288-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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