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Zhuo X, Jasiukenaite I, Löbmann K. β-Lactoglobulin-based amorphous solid dispersions: A graphical review on the state-of-the-art. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 202:114396. [PMID: 38971201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Proteins have recently caught attention as potential excipients for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) to improve oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Notably, the studies have highlighted whey protein isolates, particularly β-lactoglobulin (BLG), as promising candidates in amorphous stabilization, dissolution and solubility enhancement, achieving drug loadings of 50 wt% and higher. Consequently, investigations into the mechanisms underlying the solid-state stabilization of amorphous drugs and the enhancement of drug solubility in solution have been conducted. This graphical review provides a comprehensive overview of recent findings concerning BLG-based ASDs. Firstly, the dissolution performance of BLG-based ASDs is compared to more traditional polymer-based ASDs. Secondly, the drug loading onto BLG and the resulting amorphous stabilization mechanisms is summarized. Thirdly, interactions between BLG and drug molecules in solution are described as the mechanisms governing the improvement of drug solubility. Lastly, we outline the impact of the spray drying process on the secondary structure of BLG, and the resulting differences in amorphous stabilization and drug dissolution performance between α-helix-rich and β-sheet-rich BLG-based ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Zhuo
- Zerion Pharma A/S, Fruebjergvej 3, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Karttunen AP, Junnila A, Myöhänen E, Harju E, Xuan C, Okuyucu İN, Heininen J, Kivimäki S, Harju V, Julkunen M, Vähäjärvi P, Mikkonen KS, Tomberg T, Moilanen U, Strachan CJ, Teppo J, Tossavainen M, Peltonen L. Use of dairy industry side-stream lactose for tablet manufacturing - proof of concept study. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124354. [PMID: 38897486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
During recent years there have been shortages of certain drugs due to problems in raw material supply. These are often related to active ingredients but could also affect excipients. Lactose is one of the most used excipients in tableting and comes in two anomeric and several solid-state forms. The aim of this study was to utilize lactose from a dairy side-stream and compare it against a commercial reference in direct compression. This would be a sustainable option and would secure domestic availability during crises. Two types of lactose, spray-dried and freeze-dried, were evaluated. Lactose was mixed with microcrystalline cellulose in different ratios together with lubricant and glidant, and flowability and tabletability of the formulations was characterized. The fully amorphous and small particle-sized spray-dried lactose flowed inadequately but exhibited good tabletability. The larger particle-sized, freeze-dried lactose exhibited sufficient flow and better tabletability than the commercial reference. However, disintegration and drug release were slower when using the investigational lactose formulations. This was most likely due to remaining milk proteins, especially caseins, in the lactose. Overall, the investigational lactose provides promise for the use of such a side-stream product during crisis situations but enhancing their properties and/or purity would be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anssi-Pekka Karttunen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Atte Junnila
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eetu Myöhänen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Harju
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chee Xuan
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - İrem Namlı Okuyucu
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Health Sciences, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkiye
| | - Juho Heininen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Kivimäki
- HAMK Bio Research Unit, Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK), Hämeenlinna, Finland
| | - Vilhelmiina Harju
- HAMK Bio Research Unit, Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK), Hämeenlinna, Finland
| | - Maarit Julkunen
- HAMK Bio Research Unit, Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK), Hämeenlinna, Finland
| | - Päivi Vähäjärvi
- HAMK Bio Research Unit, Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK), Hämeenlinna, Finland
| | - Kirsi S Mikkonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Tomberg
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulla Moilanen
- HAMK Bio Research Unit, Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK), Hämeenlinna, Finland
| | - Clare J Strachan
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Teppo
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marika Tossavainen
- HAMK Bio Research Unit, Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK), Hämeenlinna, Finland
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Zhuo X, Tozzetti M, Arnous A, Leng D, Foderà V, Löbmann K. Investigating the influence of protein secondary structure on the dissolution behavior of β-lactoglobulin-based amorphous solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123887. [PMID: 38346599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Proteins acting as carriers in amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) demonstrate a notable sensitivity to the spray drying process, potentially leading to changes in their conformation. The main aim of this study was to investigate the dissolution performance of ASDs based on proteins with different content of secondary structures, specifically β-sheet and α-helix structures. We prepared β-sheet-rich and α-helix-rich β-lactoglobulin (BLG), along with corresponding ASDs containing 10 wt% and 30 wt% drug loadings, through spray drying using celecoxib as the model drug. Circular dichroism and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy results revealed that even though changes in secondary structure were obtained in the spray-dried powders, the BLGs exhibited reversibility upon re-dissolving in phosphate buffer with varying pH levels. Both β-sheet-rich BLG and α-helix-rich BLG exhibited enhanced dissolution rates and higher solubility in the media with pH values far from the isoelectric point (pI) of BLG (pH 2, 7, 8, and 9) compared to the pH closer to the pI (pH 3, 4, 5, and 6). Notably, the release rate and solubility of the drug and BLG from both types of BLG-based ASDs at 10 wt% drug loading were largely dependent on the solubility of pure SD-BLGs. α-helix-rich BLG-ASDs consistently exhibited equivalent or superior performance to β-sheet-rich BLG-ASDs in terms of drug release rate and solubility, regardless of drug loading. Moreover, both types of BLG-based ASDs at 10 wt% drug loading exhibited faster release rates and higher solubility, for both the drug and BLG, compared to the ASDs at 30 wt% drug loading in pHs 2, 7, and 9 media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Zhuo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martina Tozzetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anis Arnous
- Zerion Pharma A/S, Blokken 11, DK-3460 Birkerød, Denmark
| | - Donglei Leng
- Zerion Pharma A/S, Blokken 11, DK-3460 Birkerød, Denmark
| | - Vito Foderà
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Zerion Pharma A/S, Blokken 11, DK-3460 Birkerød, Denmark
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