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Junnila A, Mortier L, Arbiol A, Harju E, Tomberg T, Hirvonen J, Viitala T, Karttunen AP, Peltonen L. Rheological insights into 3D printing of drug products: Drug nanocrystal-poloxamer gels for semisolid extrusion. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:124070. [PMID: 38554740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The importance of ink rheology to the outcome of 3D printing is well recognized. However, rheological properties of printing inks containing drug nanocrystals have not been widely investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish a correlation between the composition of nanocrystal printing ink, the ink rheology, and the entire printing process. Indomethacin was used as a model poorly soluble drug to produce nanosuspensions with improved solubility properties through particle size reduction. The nanosuspensions were further developed into semisolid extrusion 3D printing inks with varying nanocrystal and poloxamer 407 concentrations. Nanocrystals were found to affect the rheological properties of the printing inks both by being less self-supporting and having higher yielding resistances. During printing, nozzle blockages occurred. Nevertheless, all inks were found to be printable. Finally, the rheological properties of the inks were successfully correlated with various printing and product properties. Overall, these experiments shed new light on the rheological properties of printing inks containing nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atte Junnila
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, § ,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Laurence Mortier
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, § ,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alba Arbiol
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, § ,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Harju
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, § ,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Tomberg
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, § ,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, § ,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Viitala
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, § ,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Anssi-Pekka Karttunen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, § ,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, § ,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Junnila A, Wikström H, Megarry A, Gholami A, Papathanasiou F, Blomberg A, Ketolainen J, Tajarobi P. Faster to First-time-in-Human: Prediction of the liquid solid ratio for continuous wet granulation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 172:106151. [PMID: 35217210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In early development, when active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is in short supply, it would be beneficial to reduce the number of experiments by predicting a suitable L/S ratio before starting the product development. The aim of the study was to decrease development time and the amount of API needed for the process development of high drug load formulations for continuous twin-screw wet granulation (TSWG). Mixer torque rheometry was used as a pre-formulation tool to predict the suitable L/S ratios for granulation experiments. Three different values that were based on the MTR curves, were determined and assessed for their ability to predict the suitable L/S ratio for TSWG. Three APIs (allopurinol, paracetamol and metformin HCl) were used as model substances in high drug load formulations containing 60% drug substance. The MCC-mannitol ratio was varied to assess the optimal composition for the high-dose formulations. The API solubility affected the mixer torque rheometer (MTR) curves and the optimum L/S ratio for TSWG. The highly soluble metformin needed a much lower L/S ratio compared with allopurinol and paracetamol. A design space was determined for each API based on granule flowability and tablet tensile strength. The flowability of the granules and tensile strength of the tablets improved with an increasing L/S ratio. The MCC-mannitol filler ratio had a significant effect on tabletability for paracetamol and metformin, and these APIs having poor compaction properties needed higher MCC ratios to achieve the 2 MPa limit. The MCC-mannitol ratio had no effect on the granule flow properties. Instead, API properties had the largest influence on both granule flow properties and tensile strength. Based on this study, both the L/S ratio and MCC-mannitol ratio are crucial in controlling the critical quality attributes in high drug load formulations processed by TSWG. The optimum flow and tablet mechanical properties were achieved when using 75:25 MCC-mannitol ratio. Both start of the slope and 2/3 of the L/S ratio at the maximum torque in MTR provided a solid guideline to aim for in a TSWG experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atte Junnila
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Håkan Wikström
- Early Product Development and Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Andrew Megarry
- Early Product Development and Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Aida Gholami
- Early Product Development and Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Foteini Papathanasiou
- Early Product Development and Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Andreas Blomberg
- Early Product Development and Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jarkko Ketolainen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirjo Tajarobi
- Early Product Development and Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden.
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Sipilä P, Junnila A, Hakkarainen J, Huhtaniemi R, Mairinoja L, Zhang FP, Strauss L, Ohlsson C, Kotaja N, Huhtaniemi I, Poutanen M. The lack of HSD17B3 in male mice results in disturbed Leydig cell maturation and endocrine imbalance akin to humans with HSD17B3 deficiency. FASEB J 2020; 34:6111-6128. [PMID: 32190925 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902384r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase type 3 (HSD17B3) deficiency causes a disorder of sex development in humans, where affected males are born with female-appearing external genitalia, but are virilized during puberty. The hormonal disturbances observed in the Hsd17b3 knockout mice (HSD17B3KO), generated in the present study, mimic those found in patients with HSD17B3 mutations. Identical to affected humans, serum T in the adult HSD17B3KO mice was within the normal range, while a striking increase was detected in serum A-dione concentration. This resulted in a marked reduction of the serum T/A-dione ratio, a diagnostic hallmark for the patients with HSD17B3 deficiency. However, unlike humans, male HSD17B3KO mice were born with normally virilized phenotype, but presenting with delayed puberty. In contrast to the current belief, data from HSD17B3KO mice show that the circulating T largely originates from the testes, indicating a strong compensatory mechanism in the absence of HSD17B3. The lack of testicular malignancies in HSD17B3KO mice supports the view that testis tumors in human patients are due to associated cryptorchidism. The HSD17B3KO mice presented also with impaired Leydig cell maturation and signs of undermasculinization in adulthood. The identical hormonal disturbances between HSD17B3 deficient knockout mice and human patients make the current mouse model valuable for understanding the mechanism of the patient phenotypes, as well as endocrinopathies and compensatory steroidogenic mechanisms in HSD17B3 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sipilä
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - A Junnila
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - J Hakkarainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - R Huhtaniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - L Mairinoja
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - F P Zhang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - L Strauss
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - C Ohlsson
- Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - N Kotaja
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - I Huhtaniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Poutanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Müller GC, Dryden MW, Revay EE, Kravchenko VD, Broce AB, Hampton K, Junnila A, Schlein Y. Understanding attraction stimuli of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, in non-chemical control methods. Med Vet Entomol 2011; 25:413-420. [PMID: 21787369 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2011.00960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Comparisons were conducted of flea catches of four commercially available flea traps in the laboratory and under field conditions, in both rural and urban locations. The results clearly showed the My Flea Trap™, which utilizes an intermittent light to attract fleas, to be far superior in trapping ability to the three continuous light traps; it caught up to 23 times as many fleas as the other traps. Altering the lighting mechanism to provide continuous rather than intermittent light significantly decreased the number of fleas captured. In addition, the use of a green filter significantly increased trapping efficiency, whereas the addition of a heat source had no apparent effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Müller
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Hadassah Medical School, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMIRC), Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Müller GC, Junnila A, Qualls W, Revay EE, Kline DL, Allan S, Schlein Y, Xue RD. Control of Culex quinquefasciatus in a storm drain system in Florida using attractive toxic sugar baits. Med Vet Entomol 2010; 24:346-351. [PMID: 20546128 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2010.00876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs) were used to control mosquitoes in the storm drains of a residential area on the outskirts of St Augustine, Florida. The drainage system was newly constructed and no mosquitoes were breeding inside it. The area covered by the storm drains was divided in half; 10 drains served as control drains and 16 drains served as experimental drains. The baits, which consisted of a mixture of brown sugar, fruit juice, green dye marker and boric acid, were presented at the entrances of the treated drains and exit traps were positioned over the drain openings and the connecting tubes leading to retention ponds. Similar baits with orange dye and without toxin were presented at the entrances of control drains. A total of 220 pupae of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) were released in each control and toxin-treated drain, and the numbers of recovered mosquitoes were examined to determine the effectiveness of ATSBs in the storm drain system. An average of 178.2 mosquitoes exited each drain in the control area; 87.0% of these had fed on the baits and were stained orange, whereas 13.0% were unstained. In the toxin-treated drains, 83.7% of hatched females and 86.6% of hatched males were controlled by the baits.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Müller
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Müller GC, Junnila A, Schlein Y. Effective control of adult Culex pipiens by spraying an attractive toxic sugar bait solution in the vegetation near larval habitats. J Med Entomol 2010; 47:63-66. [PMID: 20180309 DOI: 10.1603/033.047.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the use of an insecticide-treated fruit juice bait against adult Culex pipiens s.l. L. from sewage ponds in Israel. The attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) solution (fruit juice, sugar, food dye, oral insecticide spinosad, and BaitStab, a mixture of slow-release substances and preservatives) was sprayed onto 10-15% of the surrounding vegetation of these ponds. The same bait solution, without insecticide, was sprayed onto vegetation at a similar site as a control. Mosquito abundance was monitored in treatment and control sites with six CDC light traps. Mosquitoes in the experimental sites decreased from approximately 125 to approximately eight per trap. Mosquito abundance in the control sites was fairly stable and averaged approximately 60 per trap during the study. Before starting the study parity of mosquitoes from the experimental and control sites averaged approximately 20% multiparous females. After bait/insecticide application, only approximately 3% of the females were multiparous in the treatment area.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Müller
- Department of Parasitology, Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hebrew University, Hadassah-Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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