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Lee M, Kim SE, Jeong JH, Park YH, Han HW. Development of service standards and manpower calculation criteria for hospital clinical pharmacies in South Korea: a survey-based study. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:118. [PMID: 38254141 PMCID: PMC10802065 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the revision of the Korean Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, the certification of specialized pharmacists is scheduled to be legally recognized in 2023. Considering that the specialized pharmacist certification was developed based on the working model of hospital clinical pharmacists, it is necessary to establish standards for clinical pharmacists in hospitals and to calculate appropriate manpower. Through this study, we aim to establish practical standards for clinical pharmacists and propose a method for calculating staffing levels based on an investigation of actual workloads. METHODS This survey-based study consisted of two phases. In the first phase, a literature review was conducted to establish standards for clinical pharmacy services, and tasks in relevant literature were classified to identify clinical pharmacy service tasks that are applicable to the practice of Korean hospitals. Additionally, a preliminary survey was conducted to investigate the essential tasks. In the second phase of the investigation, a multicenter survey was conducted targeting pharmacists in facilities with more than 1,000 beds to explore their perceptions and actual workloads related to tasks. RESULTS According to the standards for clinical pharmacists in Korea, clinical pharmacy services consist of a total of 23 tasks, of which 16 have been identified as essential tasks. Essential tasks accounted for 93% of the total tasks in clinical pharmacy services. The average full-time equivalent (FTE) through workload calculation was 2.5 ± 1.9 for each field, while the FTE allocated to actual practice was 2.1 ± 1.6. The distribution of each type of clinical pharmacy service was as follows: 77% for medication therapy management, 13% for medication education, 8% for multidisciplinary team activities, and 3% for medication use evaluation. CONCLUSION This study identified essential tasks common to clinical pharmacy services across different healthcare institutions. However, the FTE of clinical pharmacists in actual practice was insufficient compared to the required amount. In order to establish and expand clinical pharmacy services in a hospital, it is necessary to ensure an adequate workforce for essential tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirinae Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, 05535, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, 05535, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee-Hye Jeong
- Department of Pharmacy, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, 05535, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, 05535, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Won Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, 05535, Seoul, South Korea.
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Lee KMK, Page A, Kim S, Al-Diery T, Koeper I, Singh I, Hawthorne D, Johnson J. Perceptions and expectations of health professionals regarding hospital pharmacy services and the roles of hospital pharmacists: A qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2023; 10:100264. [PMID: 37193372 PMCID: PMC10182321 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pharmacists have become increasingly integrated within the interprofessional hospital team as their scope of practice expanded in recent decades. However, limited research has explored how the roles of hospital pharmacists are perceived by other health professionals. Aim/Objectives To identify what is known about the perceptions of hospital pharmacists' roles and hospital pharmacy services held by non-pharmacist health professionals. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in August 2022 in MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL to identify peer-reviewed articles published between 2011 and 2022. Title/abstract and full-text screening, by two independent reviewers, identified eligible articles. Inclusion criteria included qualitative studies in hospital settings that reported perceptions regarding the roles of hospital pharmacists held by non-pharmacist health professionals. Data were extracted using a standardised extraction tool. Collated qualitative data underwent inductive thematic analysis by two independent investigators to identify codes, which were reconciled and merged into over-arching themes through a consensus process. Findings were assessed to measure confidence using the GRADE-CERQual criteria. Results The search resulted in 14,718 hits. After removing duplicates, 10,551 studies underwent title/abstract screening. Of these, 515 underwent full-text review, and 36 were included for analysis. Most studies included perceptions held by medical or nursing staff. Hospital pharmacists were perceived as valuable, competent and supportive. At an organisational level, the roles of hospital pharmacists were perceived to benefit hospital workflow and improve patient safety. Roles contributing to all four domains of the World Health Organization's Strategic Framework of the Global Patient Safety Challenge were recognised. Highly-valued roles include medication reviews, provision of drug information, and education for health professionals. Conclusion This review describes the roles hospital pharmacists performed within the interprofessional team, as reported by non-pharmacist health professionals internationally. Multidisciplinary perceptions and expectations of these roles may guide the prioritisation and optimisation of hospital pharmacy services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Page
- WA Centre for Health & Ageing, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Sangseo Kim
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Ivanka Koeper
- SA Pharmacy, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, SA Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Isabella Singh
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Deborah Hawthorne
- WA Centre for Health & Ageing, School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jacinta Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Sin CMH, Huynh C, Maidment ID. Clinical pharmacists' perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of paediatric clinical pharmacy services in Hong Kong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2022; 30:466-471. [PMID: 35900004 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify barriers and facilitators that influenced the implementation of paediatric clinical pharmacy service (CPS) in Hong Kong's public hospitals from clinical pharmacists' perspective. METHODS A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews of clinical pharmacists who practiced in paediatrics in public hospitals in Hong Kong. Interview schedule was designed based on determined themes identified in previous research and pilot testing was performed. The coding process was performed by two researchers with the resulting topics organised by thematic analysis. Consensus was reached amongst the researchers for the identification of themes that emerged during the interviews. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guideline was followed to ensure the complete and transparent reporting of this research. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the research ethics committee of the relevant institutions. KEY FINDINGS Of the 32 clinical pharmacists from across the study sites, 12 were interviewed. Five barriers and three facilitators were identified as main themes. The barriers that were identified which hindered service implementation include the service penetration into the healthcare system, practice environment constraints, lack of affirmation from the administrative stakeholders, governance of the profession and partnership with universities. The facilitators that were identified which enabled service implementation include other healthcare professionals' trust and confidence in the service, the support from the pharmacy management team and clinical pharmacists' self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Clinical pharmacists interviewed reported that the successful implementation of CPS in paediatrics in public hospitals in Hong Kong is an area of continued development with several key barriers identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Ming-Ho Sin
- Aston Pharmacy School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.,Pharmacy Department, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Huynh
- Aston Pharmacy School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian D Maidment
- Aston Pharmacy School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Effectiveness of Clinical Pharmacist Service on Drug-Related Problems and Patient Outcomes for Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081788. [PMID: 33924036 PMCID: PMC8072770 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist services on drug-related problems (DRPs) and patient outcomes in inpatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). (2) Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, the participants in the intervention group received pharmacist services, including medication reconciliation, medication evaluation and management, and discharge pharmaceutical care transition services. Participants in the control group received usual care. The primary outcome was the number of DRPs per patient at discharge. (3) Results: The baseline characteristics of 100 participants included the following: mean age, 52.5 years; median eGFR, 9.2 mL/min/1.73 m2. The number of DRPs in the intervention group during hospitalization increased significantly with decreasing eGFR (PR, 0.970; 95% CI, 0.951–0.989) and an increasing number of unintentional medication discrepancies at admission (PR, 1.294; 95% CI, 1.034–1.620). At discharge, the number of DRPs per patient was 0.94 ± 1.03 and 1.96 ± 1.25 in the intervention and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The service had a significant effect on the reduction of the unintentional discrepancies at discharge (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusion: Hospital pharmacists play an important role in the prevention of DRPs at discharge and unintentional medication discrepancies in inpatients with CKD.
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Wu SE, Wen MJ, Chen JH, Shen WC, Chang EH. A qualitative study on the development of pharmacist-managed clinics in Taiwan. J Clin Pharm Ther 2021; 46:966-974. [PMID: 33569839 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Pharmacist-managed clinics (PMCs) are established to solve drug-related problems and enhance the quality of care of ambulatory patients. Although the benefits of such services have been demonstrated, little is known about PMC operations, especially outside the United States. The aim of this study was to explore how PMCs were established and to discuss implementation issues of PMCs in Taiwan. METHODS A purposive sample of pharmacists, pharmacy administrators and physicians involved with PMCs was recruited from hospitals of varying scales across Taiwan. Semi-structured, individual interviews were conducted to understand the perceptions of the clinical service of PMCs. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed by thematic analysis to find underlying themes. RESULTS A total of 12 pharmacists, 5 pharmacy administrators and 3 physicians from 8 institutions were interviewed. Pharmacists spent 4 to 20 h per week at PMCs, and the practice experiences of PMC ranged from 1 to 6 years. PMCs have been provided in these institutions for 4 to 11 years with an average volume of 28 h and 25 patient visits weekly. Study participants described influential factors in establishing PMCs, including clinical expertise, attitude towards patient care and trust building with collaborating physicians. Operational concerns in implementing PMCs included role clarifications, manpower shortage, inadequate advanced training or certification, regulatory issues and a lack of service promotion. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION This research broadens the understanding of operating PMC services and reveals key requirements and concerns regarding the care model, which can be useful for other countries. Resolving perceived barriers and collecting other stakeholders' perspectives may reinforce the integration of PMCs into patient care in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-En Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Taipei City Hospital Songde Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jung Wen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Hsin Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Shen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Elizabeth H Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Pharmacoeconomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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The Role of the Clinical Pharmacist in an Irish University Teaching Hospital: A Mixed-Methods Study. PHARMACY 2020; 8:pharmacy8010014. [PMID: 32019094 PMCID: PMC7151682 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy8010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Medication review (MR) is a vital part of the pharmacist’s role in hospital. However, in the South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital (SIVUH), Cork, Ireland, this has not been fully implemented due to resource issues. In addition, the cost of providing this service has not been evaluated. Moreover, it is not clear how other members of the multidisciplinary team e.g., Nurses, value any interventions made as a result of the MR. This mixed methods study assessed the impact of MR in terms of (i) potential clinical harm, (ii) cost avoidance and (iii) the views of nursing staff on the role of the pharmacist. The setting is a 192-bed, voluntary, acute hospital, in the Munster region of Ireland. Study I: The pharmacist provided MR to patients conventionally once a week. Any interventions were then assessed for potential clinical harm and to calculate cost avoidance. Study II: Semi-structured interviews, guided by a topic guide were completed with 12 nurses (11 female). Thematic analysis was used to code the main themes. Main outcome measure: To estimate the cost, cost avoidance, and the net cost benefit ratio of MR provided by pharmacists. Study I: Of 128 patients who received the MR, 113 interventions were made. The estimated cost of providing the MR was €2559 (senior pharmacist). Using €1084 as the cost of an adverse drug event (ADE), the cost avoidance was calculated at €42,330. This led to a net cost benefit of €39,771 (senior pharmacist) which equated to a net cost benefit ratio of 16.5:1. Study II: The main themes were (i) perceptions of pharmacy services, (ii) the role of the pharmacist—past, present and future, and (iii) teamwork and communication. Nurses expressed a desire to have more pharmacists present on the wards.
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Perspectives of Non-Pharmacy Professionals in Long-Term Care Facilities on Pharmacist-Involved Medication Management in South Korea: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16111977. [PMID: 31167383 PMCID: PMC6603902 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16111977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite a rapid increase in both the number of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and their residents in recent years, the concept of pharmacist-involved medication management is relatively new in South Korea. The objective of this study was to identify the perspectives of non-pharmacy professionals regarding the development of pharmacist-involved medication management in LTCFs. Employing a snowball sampling strategy, this study relied on semi-structured, one-on-one, in-depth interviews with twelve non-pharmacy professionals in LTCFs. The inductive thematic analysis and the constant comparative method were employed for the analysis. Participants revealed the need for pharmacist-involved medication management systems in LTCFs at the intrinsic and environmental levels. Through pharmacist-involved medication management, participants desired "medication review/reconciliation" and "pharmaceutical education/counseling". The barriers to be overcome included "the authorization of pharmacists' roles", "the financial stability of LTCFs", "role awareness among coworkers", and "the professional development of pharmacists". In this study, we advanced our understanding of non-pharmacy professionals' perceptions of pharmacist-involved medication management in LTCFs. The results of this study can be applied in other Asian countries where the development of pharmacist-involved medication management for the institutionalized elderly is relatively new.
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Yailian AL, Estublier C, Rozaire O, Piperno M, Confavreux C, Vignot E, Chapurlat R, Pivot C, Janoly-Dumenil A. Entretiens pharmaceutiques destinés aux patients atteints de polyarthrite rhumatoïde : perceptions et attentes des pharmaciens d’officine. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2019; 77:146-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Han N, Han SH, Chu H, Kim J, Rhew KY, Yoon JH, Je NK, Rhie SJ, Ji E, Lee E, Kim YS, Oh JM. Service design oriented multidisciplinary collaborative team care service model development for resolving drug related problems. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201705. [PMID: 30265678 PMCID: PMC6161845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our goal was to help prevent drug-related morbidity and mortality by developing a collaborative multidisciplinary team care (MTC) service model using a service design framework that addressed the unmet needs and perspectives of diverse stakeholders. Our service model was based on a “4D” framework that included Discover, Define, Design, and Develop phases. In the “discover” phase, we conducted desk research and field research of stakeholders to identify the unmet needs in existing patient care services. We used service design tools, including service safaris, user shadowing, and customer journey maps to identify pain and opportunity points in the current services. We also performed focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with stakeholders to explore the needs for improved services. In the “define” phase, we generated the service concept by mind mapping and brainstorming about the needs of stakeholders. The service concept was defined to be a Patient-oriented, Collaborative, Advanced, Renovated, and Excellent (P-CARE) service. We named the service “DrugTEAM” (Drug Therapy Evaluation And Management). In the “design” phase, we designed and refined four prototypes based on results from validation tests for their application towards following services: 1) medication reconciliation, 2) medication evaluation and management, 3) evidence-based drug information, and 4) pharmaceutical care transition services. During the “develop” phase, we implemented four services in a longitudinal chronic care model, considering the time spent by patients for each inpatient and outpatient setting. In conclusion, this is a study to develop a collaborative MTC service model using service design framework, focused on managing the unmet needs of patients and healthcare providers. As a result of implementing this service model, we expect to strengthen the professional relationship between pharmacists and stakeholders to ultimately create better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuneun Chu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Yon Rhew
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kyung Je
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sandy Jeong Rhie
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Euni Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Mi Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kang JE, Yu JM, Choi JH, Chung IM, Pyun WB, Kim SA, Lee EK, Han NY, Yoon JH, Oh JM, Rhie SJ. Development and clinical application of an evidence-based pharmaceutical care service algorithm in acute coronary syndrome. J Clin Pharm Ther 2018; 43:366-376. [PMID: 29468708 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Drug therapies are critical for preventing secondary complications in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The purpose of this study was to develop and apply a pharmaceutical care service (PCS) algorithm for ACS and confirm that it is applicable through a prospective clinical trial. METHODS The ACS-PCS algorithm was developed according to extant evidence-based treatment and pharmaceutical care guidelines. Quality assurance was conducted through two methods: literature comparison and expert panel evaluation. The literature comparison was used to compare the content of the algorithm with the referenced guidelines. Expert evaluations were conducted by nine experts for 75 questionnaire items. A trial was conducted to confirm its effectiveness. Seventy-nine patients were assigned to either the pharmacist-included multidisciplinary team care (MTC) group or the usual care (UC) group. The endpoints of the trial were the prescription rate of two important drugs, readmission, emergency room (ER) visit and mortality. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The main frame of the algorithm was structured with three tasks: medication reconciliation, medication optimization and transition of care. The contents and context of the algorithm were compliant with class I recommendations and the main service items from the evidence-based guidelines. Opinions from the expert panel were mostly positive. There were significant differences in beta-blocker prescription rates in the overall period (P = .013) and ER visits (four cases, 9.76%, P = .016) in the MTC group compared to the UC group, respectively. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION We developed a PCS algorithm for ACS based on the contents of evidence-based drug therapy and the core concept of pharmacist services.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Kang
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - J M Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Choi
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - I-M Chung
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - W B Pyun
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S A Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - E K Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - N Y Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - J M Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Rhie
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Kang J, Rhew K, Oh JM, Han N, Lee IH, Je NK, Ji E, Lee E, Yoon JH, Rhie SJ. Satisfaction and expressed needs of pharmaceutical care services and challenges recognized by patients in South Korea. Patient Prefer Adherence 2017; 11:1381-1388. [PMID: 28860721 PMCID: PMC5565375 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s141562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the degree of satisfaction and expressed needs of pharmaceutical care services in patients with chronic diseases and explore the factors related to the needs from patients' perspectives for the further development of pharmaceutical care service models. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 220 patients (mean age ± SD: 61.3±13.1, male:female: 104:116) was conducted. The questionnaire was structured to measure patients' degree of satisfaction and expressed needs using a 5-point Likert scale. Additionally, preferred duration, methods of service delivery, and willingness to pay were surveyed. Responses were analyzed using an ordinal regression method to predict factors that were related to pharmaceutical care services. RESULTS Sixty-seven patients had experienced pharmaceutical care services. Their satisfaction levels were high in all categories; however, there were no significant differences between categories. The levels of expressed needs were similar among categories without significant differences. The preferred delivery method was a face-to-face conversation combined with being provided with written information (53.2%). The preferred duration was ≤10 min (70.5%). About 48% of the patients showed willingness to pay for the service. Education level and region influenced patients' needs. CONCLUSION The satisfaction and needs of pharmaceutical care services was very positive; however, noticing only a third of patients experienced pharmaceutical care services, this may indicate a lack of awareness and less appreciation of pharmacists by patients. Details concerning patients' awareness and the value of pharmaceutical care services require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiEun Kang
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyon Rhew
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Mi Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - NaYoung Han
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Iyn-Hyang Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kyung Je
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Euni Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Jeong-Hyun Yoon, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro, 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea, Tel +82 10 5534 3775, Fax +82 51 513 6754, Email
| | - Sandy Jeong Rhie
- Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Sandy Jeong Rhie, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea, Tel +82 10 3371 3882, Fax +82 2 3277 2851, Email
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