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Gadd N, Lee S, Sharman MJ, Obamiro K. Educational interventions to improve bowel cancer awareness and screening in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries: A scoping review. Prev Med Rep 2024; 39:102653. [PMID: 38384964 PMCID: PMC10879007 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Summarise theory informed educational interventions for improving bowel cancer awareness and screening. Methods A search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINAHL. English studies from 2016 to 2022 which implemented community-based bowel cancer awareness and/or screening education interventions for adults in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries were included. Results Sixty-two studies were included, 32 measured both screening and awareness (24 measured screening only, 6 measured awareness only). Education interventions were grouped and summarised in five education types: lay community health education/counselling (n = 28), education material (n = 5), health professional education/counselling (n = 10), mass media (n = 5) and other (n = 19). Other included education interventions which did not fit into the four types previously mentioned. Six studies tested more than one education type. Each type within these studies were reported/summarised separately within the appropriate education type. Lay educators resulted in improved awareness and screening. Brochures were effective education materials for screening and combined with lay educators resulted in increased awareness. State-wide mass media campaigns significantly improved screening uptake for up to 2-months post-campaign. Fear and loss-framed messaging improved screening intentions compared to humour or gain-based messaging. Decision aids had limited improvements in awareness. Facebook campaign and telephone counselling had limited improvements in screening. Conclusions Lay community health educators, brochures, and mass media campaigns occurring multiple times a year may be effective interventions in improving screening and/or awareness. Such approaches should be considered when developing community education. Education interventions should include multiple components suggested above to maximise improvements of awareness and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Gadd
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Australia
| | - Simone Lee
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sharman
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Australia
| | - Kehinde Obamiro
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Australia
- Central Queensland Centre for Rural and Remote Health, James Cook University, Emerald, Queensland, Australia
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Wu W, Chen X, Fu C, Wong MC, Bao P, Huang J, Gong Y, Xu W, Gu K. Risk Scoring Systems for Predicting the Presence of Colorectal Neoplasia by Fecal Immunochemical Test Results in Chinese Population. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2022; 13:e00525. [PMID: 36007185 PMCID: PMC9624592 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adherence to colonoscopy screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) is low in general populations, including those tested positive in the fecal immunochemical test (FIT). Developing tailored risk scoring systems by FIT results may allow for more accurate identification of individuals for colonoscopy. METHODS Among 807,109 participants who completed the primary tests in the first-round Shanghai CRC screening program, 71,023 attended recommended colonoscopy. Predictors for colorectal neoplasia were used to develop respective scoring systems for FIT-positive or FIT-negative populations using logistic regression and artificial neural network methods. RESULTS Age, sex, area of residence, history of mucus or bloody stool, and CRC in first-degree relatives were identified as predictors for CRC in FIT-positive subjects, while a history of chronic diarrhea and prior cancer were additionally included for FIT-negative subjects. With an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of more than 0.800 in predicting CRC, the logistic regression-based systems outperformed the artificial neural network-based ones and had a sensitivity of 68.9%, a specificity of 82.6%, and a detection rate of 0.24% by identifying 17.6% subjects at high risk. We also reported an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of about 0.660 for the systems predicting CRC and adenoma, with a sensitivity of 57.8%, a specificity of 64.6%, and a detection rate of 6.87% through classifying 38.1% subjects as high-risk individuals. The performance of the scoring systems for CRC was superior to the currently used method in Mainland, China, and comparable with the scoring systems incorporating the FIT results. DISCUSSION The tailored risk scoring systems may better identify high-risk individuals of colorectal neoplasia and facilitate colonoscopy follow-up. External validation is warranted for widespread use of the scoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimiao Wu
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Fu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Martin C.S. Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pingping Bao
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yangming Gong
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanghong Xu
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Gu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Vives N, Milà N, Binefa G, Travier N, Farre A, Vidal C, Sattari M, Bagaria G, Garcia M. Role of community pharmacies in a population-based colorectal cancer screening program. Prev Med 2021; 145:106420. [PMID: 33422578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In Catalonia (Spain), population-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening offers biennial fecal occult blood testing to men and women aged 50-69 years old. The program is organized in screening hubs, most of which use a pharmacy-based model to distribute and collect fecal immunochemical test (FIT) kits The comprehensive evaluation of CRC screening programs, which include the role and implications of pharmacy involvement, is essential to ensure program quality and identify areas for further improvement. The present study aimed to assess the adherence of community pharmacies to the CRC screening program and to analyze data on FIT kit distribution and collection in the Metropolitan area of Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain). Time to FIT completion was assessed by Kaplan-Meier estimation, and with the log-rank test. A Cox regression model was used to adjust for other variables associated with the completion of FIT such as sex, age, deprivation score index and previous screening behavior. Overall, 82.4% of pharmacies adhered with CRC screening program. Out of 82,902 FIT kits distributed to screening invitees 77,524 completed FIT kits were returned to pharmacies (93.5%) with a participation of 39.8% among the 193,766 invitees. From those who completed a FIT, the median time to return the kit was 3 days. FIT completion time was significantly lower among women, older age, high deprivation score index and previous CRC screening (p < 0.005). Our findings highlight the large involvement of community pharmacists with CRC screening program as well as a high quality in the process of FIT distribution and collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Vives
- Cancer Screening Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Early Detection of Cancer Research Group, EPIBELL Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Milà
- Cancer Screening Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Early Detection of Cancer Research Group, EPIBELL Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Binefa
- Cancer Screening Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Early Detection of Cancer Research Group, EPIBELL Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemie Travier
- Cancer Screening Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Early Detection of Cancer Research Group, EPIBELL Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Farre
- School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Carmen Vidal
- Cancer Screening Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Early Detection of Cancer Research Group, EPIBELL Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maryam Sattari
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Montse Garcia
- Cancer Screening Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Early Detection of Cancer Research Group, EPIBELL Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain.
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