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Gadd N, Lee S, Sharman MJ, Obamiro K. Educational interventions to improve bowel cancer awareness and screening in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries: A scoping review. Prev Med Rep 2024; 39:102653. [PMID: 38384964 PMCID: PMC10879007 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Summarise theory informed educational interventions for improving bowel cancer awareness and screening. Methods A search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINAHL. English studies from 2016 to 2022 which implemented community-based bowel cancer awareness and/or screening education interventions for adults in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries were included. Results Sixty-two studies were included, 32 measured both screening and awareness (24 measured screening only, 6 measured awareness only). Education interventions were grouped and summarised in five education types: lay community health education/counselling (n = 28), education material (n = 5), health professional education/counselling (n = 10), mass media (n = 5) and other (n = 19). Other included education interventions which did not fit into the four types previously mentioned. Six studies tested more than one education type. Each type within these studies were reported/summarised separately within the appropriate education type. Lay educators resulted in improved awareness and screening. Brochures were effective education materials for screening and combined with lay educators resulted in increased awareness. State-wide mass media campaigns significantly improved screening uptake for up to 2-months post-campaign. Fear and loss-framed messaging improved screening intentions compared to humour or gain-based messaging. Decision aids had limited improvements in awareness. Facebook campaign and telephone counselling had limited improvements in screening. Conclusions Lay community health educators, brochures, and mass media campaigns occurring multiple times a year may be effective interventions in improving screening and/or awareness. Such approaches should be considered when developing community education. Education interventions should include multiple components suggested above to maximise improvements of awareness and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Gadd
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Australia
| | - Simone Lee
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sharman
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Australia
| | - Kehinde Obamiro
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Australia
- Central Queensland Centre for Rural and Remote Health, James Cook University, Emerald, Queensland, Australia
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2
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Inyang I, Barnett T, Obamiro K, Rogers M, Kilgour A, Visentin D. 'Growing your own' a case study of a collaborative training program in medical radiation science. J Med Radiat Sci 2023; 70:398-405. [PMID: 37431793 PMCID: PMC10715331 DOI: 10.1002/jmrs.704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Two universities run a collaborative Medical Radiation Science program where students undertake study in Tasmania before transferring to a partner university in another state to complete their program. This study assessed rates and predictors of graduate radiographers, radiation therapists and nuclear medicine technologists (collectively classified as medical radiation practitioners according to AHPRA [https://www.medicalradiationpracticeboard.gov.au/About.aspx; ahpra.gov.au/registration/registers] contemporary classification) returning to Tasmania and rural locations to practice. METHODS A cross-sectional 22-item online survey including open-ended questions was administered via Facebook. Rates of graduates working in Tasmania and rural locations, work satisfaction, and program efficacy were assessed. Logistic regression was used to assess predictors of working in Tasmania and rural locations. RESULTS 58 Facebook members from a total of 87 program graduates were invited to participate. Of these, 21 responded. Thirteen (62.0%) were currently working in Tasmania, of which the majority practised in regional (MMM2) areas. Most (90.5%) reported that they were happy at work, with all participants reporting the course prepared them well or very well for their first professional jobs. 71.4% stated that the provision of the first 2 years of the course in their home state influenced their decision to study medical radiation science. Being born in a rural region (MMM > 2) was a predictor for working in Tasmania (OR = 3.5) and rural locations (OR = 1.77). Males were twice as likely to work in Tasmania (OR = 2.3) and more rural locations (OR = 2.0). CONCLUSIONS Collaboration is beneficial in producing professionals in regions with smaller enrolments limit the ability to grow their own graduates independently. Interuniversity collaborative models are recommended for other rural regions to meet local health workforce needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imo Inyang
- Centre for Rural HealthUniversity of TasmaniaTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Tony Barnett
- Centre for Rural HealthUniversity of TasmaniaTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Kehinde Obamiro
- Centre for Rural HealthUniversity of TasmaniaTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Merran Rogers
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of TasmaniaTasmaniaAustralia
| | | | - Denis Visentin
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of TasmaniaTasmaniaAustralia
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3
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Podubinski T, Jessup B, Obamiro K, Hoang H, Bourke L. An exploration of mental health, stress and well-being concerns among health students undertaking rural placements in Australia during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Aust J Rural Health 2023; 31:914-920. [PMID: 37491797 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The emergence of COVID-19 in 2020 led to an increase in stressors for students on rural placements, but little is known about how this impacted their mental health and well-being. OBJECTIVE To explore self-reported mental health, stress and well-being concerns among allied health, nursing and medical students who completed a scheduled University Department of Rural Health (UDRH)-faciliated rural placement in Australia between February and October 2020 (n = 1066). DESIGN Cross-sectional design involving an online survey measuring mental health, stress and well-being concerns. The survey was distributed via email by the 16 UDRHs across Australia. FINDINGS A total of 42.9%, 63.8% and 41.1% of survey respondents reported concerns about their mental health, levels of stress and well-being, respectively, during the early stages of the pandemic. Multiple logistic regression models found clinical training, course progression and financial concerns were predictive of negative mental health, increased stress and reduced well-being, while feeling connected was predictive of positive mental health, reduced stress and increased well-being. DISCUSSION Universities, UDRHs and health placement sites all have a responsibility to support the mental health and well-being of students undertaking rural placements. This support needs to encompass strategies to reduce financial stress, protect learning opportunities and increase connectedness. Ensuring adequate resourcing and support for those providing rural placement opportunities will safeguard quality rural placements during times of pandemic disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Podubinski
- Department of Rural Health, The University of Melbourne, Wangaratta, Victoria, Australia
| | - B Jessup
- Centre for Rural Health, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - K Obamiro
- Centre for Rural Health, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
- Central Queensland Centre for Rural and Remote Health, James Cook University, Emerald, Queensland, Australia
| | - H Hoang
- Centre for Rural Health, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - L Bourke
- Department of Rural Health, The University of Melbourne, Wangaratta, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Rural Health, The University of Melbourne, Shepparton, Victoria, Australia
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Njoku CM, Hurst JR, Kinsman L, Balogun S, Obamiro K. COPD in Africa: risk factors, hospitalisation, readmission and associated outcomes-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax 2023; 78:596-605. [PMID: 36635039 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2022-218675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review aims to synthesise available evidence on the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), associated risk factors, hospitalisations and COPD readmissions in Africa. METHOD Using the Met-Analyses and Systematic Reviews of Observational Studies guideline, electronic databases were searched from inception to 1 October 2021. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Evidence from retrieved articles was synthesised, and a random-effect model meta-analysis was conducted. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO. RESULTS Thirty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria, with 13 included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of COPD varied between the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (2%-24%), American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (1%-17%) and Medical Research Council chronic bronchitis (2%-11%) criteria, respectively. Increasing age, wheezing and asthma were consistent risk factors for COPD from studies included in the narrative synthesis. Our meta-analysis indicated that prior tuberculosis ((OR 5.98, 95% CI 4.18 to 8.56), smoking (OR 2.80, 95% CI: 2.19 to 3.59) and use of biomass fuel (OR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.39 to 1.67)) were significant risk factors for COPD. Long-term oxygen therapy (HR 4.97, 95% CI (1.04 to 23.74)) and frequent hospitalisation (≥3 per year) (HR 11.48, 95% CI (1.31 to 100.79)) were risk factors associated with 30-day COPD readmission. CONCLUSION This study not only highlights specific risk factors for COPD risk in Africa but also demonstrates the paucity and absence of research in several countries in a continent with substantial COPD-related mortality. Our findings contribute towards the development of evidence-based clinical guidelines for COPD in Africa.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020210581.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidiamara Maria Njoku
- College of Health Sciences, Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - John R Hurst
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, UCL Medical School, London, UK
| | - Leigh Kinsman
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Newcastle School of Nursing and Midwifery, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saliu Balogun
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kehinde Obamiro
- Centre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania School of Health Sciences, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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5
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Bhagavathula AS, Obamiro K, Hussain Z, Tesfaye W. Workplace violence against pharmacists: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2023; 63:23-31. [PMID: 36055930 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rate of violence against health care workers is increasing worldwide. Pharmacists are the most accessible and frequently visited health care team members and are potentially more susceptible to violence than other health care workers. OBJECTIVE(S) This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the magnitude of workplace violence toward pharmacists. METHODS We comprehensively searched PubMed, Scopus, and Embase from their inception till December 2021 for pertinent studies that reported workplace violence incidents against pharmacists. Rates of workplace violence against pharmacists were calculated in a meta-analysis using a random-effects model. RESULTS Overall, 624 articles were found, and 6 studies comprising 1896 pharmacists met the criteria for meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of workplace violence was 45% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30-60%), and 39% (95% CI: 24-55%) experienced violent events over preceding 12 months. Considerable proportion of pharmacists experienced some form of violence (65%, 95% CI: 41-88%), verbal abuse (50%, 95% CI: 36-65%), threats (42%, 95% CI: 26-59%) or assaults (27%, 95% CI: 9-46%). Moreover, 56% (95% CI: 23-89%) of pharmacists reported experiencing physical and/or verbal violence over the previous 12 months. CONCLUSION The analysis reveals the high rate of workplace violence in the pharmacy environment, with nearly half of pharmacists affected. While more studies are required, the limited evidence suggests the need to ensure safe workspaces in pharmacy environments through implementation of appropriate policies and legislation.
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6
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Terry D, Peck B, Hills D, Bishop J, Kirschbaum M, Obamiro K, Phan H, Baker E, Schmitz D. Sustaining rural pharmacy workforce understanding key attributes for enhanced retention and recruitment. Aust J Rural Health 2022; 31:218-229. [PMID: 36317745 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To pilot the Pharmacist Community Apgar Questionnaire (PharmCAQ) and evaluate its usability and capacity to develop a greater understanding of the unique factors that impact the rural recruitment and retention of pharmacists. DESIGN Cross-sectional design involving face-to-face, telephone or video conferencing interviews. SETTING Twelve rural communities across Tasmania and Western Victoria, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Participants (n = 24) included pharmacists, a Director of Clinical Services, pharmacy practice managers and senior pharmacy assistants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Interviews enabled the completion of the PharmCAQ, which assigns quantitative values to 50 key factors to ascertain a community's strengths and challenges associated with recruitment and retention and their relative importance to the pharmacist workforce. RESULTS The cumulative PharmCAQ scores indicated the tool was sensitive enough to differentiate high- and low-performing communities. Overall, the highest-rated factors considered most vital to pharmacist recruitment and retention were the reputation of the pharmacy, the ability of the pharmacist to be independent and autonomous, the loyalty of the community to the pharmacy, the level and stability of monetary compensation and the breadth of tasks available to a pharmacist. CONCLUSIONS This study identified the strengths and challenges of participating communities and provided an insight into the shared factors to consider in recruiting and retaining pharmacists. Further, each community has unique strengths that can further be promoted in recruitment, flagging where limited resources are best used to address site specific challenges. This is more likely to ensure the matching of the right candidate with the right community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Terry
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing Federation University Australia Mt Helen Victoria Australia
| | - Blake Peck
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing Federation University Australia Mt Helen Victoria Australia
| | - Danny Hills
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing Federation University Australia Mt Helen Victoria Australia
| | - Jaclyn Bishop
- East Grampians Health Service Ararat Victoria Australia
| | - Mark Kirschbaum
- School of Social Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
- Pharmacy Board of Australia Carlton Victoria Australia
| | - Kehinde Obamiro
- Centre for Rural Health University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Hoang Phan
- Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University Casuarina Northern Territory Australia
| | - Ed Baker
- Center for Health Policy Boise State University Boise Idaho USA
| | - David Schmitz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences Grand Forks North Dakota USA
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Rotimi K, Edeh FK, Aiden J, Itiola AJ, Obamiro K. Factors that influence pharmacists' efforts in addressing substance use in Nigeria: An exploratory study. Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm 2022; 8:100189. [PMID: 36311825 PMCID: PMC9615029 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2022.100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Substance use is a major global public health problem. Over the years, the burden of substance use has increased worldwide, with Nigeria having a prevalence that is substantially above the global average. Tackling this challenge requires a collaborative effort between different health professionals. Despite the critical roles pharmacists could play in substance use prevention and management, exploration of pharmacists' role in mitigating substance use in society has received limited attention in most sub-Saharan countries. In this study, we explored the experiences of pharmacists in substance use prevention and management. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews to explore pharmacists' perceptions of their roles in the prevention and management of substance use in Nigeria. Following data transcription, we conducted a thematic content analysis. Results The four major themes that emerged included 1) the extent of pharmacists' involvement in the decision-making process for addressing substance use, 2) factors that influence pharmacists efforts in addressing substance use in Nigeria, 3) how to improve rational prescribing practices and, 4) capacity building to enhance pharmacists participation in addressing substance use. Conclusion Pharmacists have the opportunity to play critical roles in the prevention and management of substance use, but several individual and systemic challenges limit their full potential. Addressing these challenges is crucial in increasing pharmacists' participation in preventing and managing substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunle Rotimi
- Malaria Consortium, Nigeria,Corresponding author.
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8
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Gadd N, Lee S, Obamiro K. Perception of Bowel Cancer Information Overload: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15398285.2022.2073709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Gadd
- Centre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Simone Lee
- Centre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Kehinde Obamiro
- Centre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Jessup B, Hoang H, Podubinski T, Obamiro K, Bourke L, Hellwege B, Jatrana S, Heaney S, Farthing A, Sheepway L, Rasiah R. 'I can't go, I can't afford it': Financial concern amongst health students undertaking rural and remote placements during COVID-19. Aust J Rural Health 2022; 30:238-251. [PMID: 35229400 PMCID: PMC9111257 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As the coronavirus pandemic unfolded during 2020, widespread financial uncertainty emerged amongst university students across the globe. What is not yet clear is how Australian health students were financially impacted during the initial stages of the pandemic and whether this influenced their ability to undertake planned rural or remote placements. OBJECTIVE To examine (a) financial concern amongst health students during COVID-19, (b) the financial implications of changes to planned rural or remote placements and (c) the impact of these factors on students' ability to undertake placements during the pandemic. DESIGN Mixed-methods design involving an online survey (n = 1210) and semi-structured interviews (n = 29). Nursing, medical and allied health students with a planned University Department of Rural Health-facilitated rural or remote placement between February and October 2020 were invited to participate. FINDINGS 54.6% of surveyed students reported financial concern during COVID-19. Financial concern correlated with both changes in financial position and employment, with 36.6% of students reporting a reduction in income and 43.1% of students reporting a reduction in, or cessation of regular employment. Placement changes yielded a range of financial implications. Cancelled placements saved some students travel and accommodation costs, but left others out of pocket if these expenses were prepaid. Placements that went ahead often incurred increased accommodation costs due to limited availability. Financial concern and/or financial implications of placement changes ultimately prevented some students from undertaking their rural or remote placement as planned. DISCUSSION Many nursing, allied health and medical students expressed financial concern during COVID-19, associated with a loss of regular employment and income. Placement changes also presented unforeseen financial burden for students. These factors ultimately prevented some students from undertaking their planned rural or remote placement. CONCLUSION Universities need to consider how best to align financially burdensome placements with the personal circumstances of students during periods of economic uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Jessup
- Centre for Rural HealthThe University of TasmaniaLauncestonTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Ha Hoang
- Centre for Rural HealthThe University of TasmaniaLauncestonTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Tegan Podubinski
- Department of Rural HealthThe University of MelbourneSheppartonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kehinde Obamiro
- Centre for Rural HealthThe University of TasmaniaLauncestonTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Lisa Bourke
- Department of Rural HealthThe University of MelbourneSheppartonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Barbara Hellwege
- Department of Rural HealthThe University of MelbourneSheppartonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Santosh Jatrana
- JCU Murtupini Centre for Rural and Remote HealthJames Cook UniversityMount IsaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Susan Heaney
- The University of Newcastle Department of Rural HealthThe University of NewcastlePort MacquarieNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Annie Farthing
- Centre for Remote HealthFlinders UniversityAlice SpringsNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Lyndal Sheepway
- La Trobe Rural Health SchoolLa Trobe UniversityWodongaVictoriaAustralia
| | - Rohan Rasiah
- Western Australian Centre for Rural HealthThe University of Western AustraliaKarrathaWestern AustraliaAustralia
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10
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Hoang H, Jessup B, Obamiro K, Bourke L, Hellwege B, Podubinski T, Heaney S, Sheepway L, Farthing A, Rasiah R, Fitzroy R, Jatrana S, Argus G, Knight S. Impact of COVID-19 on rural and remote student placements in Australia: A national study. Aust J Rural Health 2022; 30:197-207. [PMID: 35103353 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate students' perceptions of the impact of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 on rural and remote placements facilitated by 16 University Departments of Rural Health in Australia in 2020. DESIGN A mixed-method design comprising an online survey and semi-structured interviews. SETTING Australia. PARTICIPANTS Allied health, nursing and medical students with a planned University Departments of Rural Health-facilitated rural or remote placement between February and October 2020. INTERVENTION A planned rural or remote placement in 2020 facilitated by a University Departments of Rural Health, regardless of placement outcome. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Questionnaire included placement outcome (completed or not), discipline of study (nursing, allied health, medicine), and Likert measures of impact to placement (including supervision, placement tasks, location, accommodation, client contact and student learning) and placement experience (overall, support, supervision, university support). Semi-structured interviews asked about placement planning, outcome, decisions, experience and student perceptions. RESULTS While coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 reportedly impacted on the majority of planned placements, most students (80%) were able to complete their University Departments of Rural Health-facilitated placement in some form and were satisfied with their placement experience. Common placement changes included changes to tasks, setting, supervisors and location. Allied health students were significantly more likely to indicate that their placement had been impacted and also felt more supported by supervisors and universities than nursing students. Interview participants expressed concerns regarding the potential impact of cancelled and adapted placements on graduation and future employment. CONCLUSIONS The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was reported to impact the majority of University Departments of Rural Health-facilitated rural and remote placements in 2020. Fortunately, most students were able to continue to undertake a rural or remote placement in some form and were largely satisfied with their placement experience. Students were concerned about their lack of clinical learning and graduating on time with adequate clinical competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Hoang
- Centre for Rural Health, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Belinda Jessup
- Centre for Rural Health, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Kehinde Obamiro
- Centre for Rural Health, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Lisa Bourke
- Department of Rural Health, The University of Melbourne, Shepparton, Vic., Australia
| | - Barbara Hellwege
- Department of Rural Health, The University of Melbourne, Shepparton, Vic., Australia
| | - Tegan Podubinski
- Department of Rural Health, The University of Melbourne, Shepparton, Vic., Australia
| | - Susan Heaney
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle Department of Rural Health, Port Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Lyndal Sheepway
- La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Wodonga, Vic., Australia
| | - Annie Farthing
- Centre for Remote Health, Flinders University, Alice Springs, NT, Australia
| | - Rohan Rasiah
- Western Australian Centre for Rural Health, The University of Western Australia, Karratha, WA, Australia
| | - Robyn Fitzroy
- Centre for Rural Health, University of Sydney, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Santosh Jatrana
- JCU Murtupini Centre for Rural and Remote Health, James Cook University, Mount Isa, QLD, Australia
| | - Geoff Argus
- Southern Queensland Rural Health, Cranley, QLD, Australia
| | - Sabina Knight
- JCU Murtupini Centre for Rural and Remote Health, James Cook University, Mount Isa, QLD, Australia
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Lee SM, Versace VL, Obamiro K. Public Awareness of Bowel Cancer Risk Factors, Symptoms and Screening in Tasmania, Australia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19031497. [PMID: 35162541 PMCID: PMC8835398 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tasmania has one of the highest bowel cancer incidence and death rates in the world. Public awareness of risk factors, symptoms, and early detection of bowel cancer is important for minimising the burden of disease. This study measured awareness levels of bowel cancer risk factors, symptoms and screening in Tasmania. An online survey of 3703 participants aged 18 years and older found that alcohol consumption, low physical activity levels, and having diabetes were the least known risk factors for bowel cancer. Over half of all participants were unaware the risk of bowel cancer increased with age, and 53 percent were not confident they would notice a bowel cancer symptom. Over a third of survey respondents did not know that screening commenced at the age of 50. The results indicate that a targeted campaign to increase bowel cancer awareness in Tasmania may help reduce the high rates of morbidity and mortality from the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone M. Lee
- Centre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS 7248, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Vincent L. Versace
- Deakin Rural Health, Deakin University, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia;
| | - Kehinde Obamiro
- Centre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS 7248, Australia;
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12
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Allen P, Jessup B, Khanal S, Baker-Smith V, Obamiro K, Barnett T. Distribution and Location Stability of the Australian Ophthalmology Workforce: 2014-2019. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182312574. [PMID: 34886297 PMCID: PMC8656490 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the ophthalmology workforce distribution and location stability using Modified Monash Model category of remoteness. METHODS Whole of ophthalmologist workforce analysis using Australian Health Practitioner Registration Agency (AHPRA) data. Modified Monash Model (MMM) category was mapped to postcode of primary work location over a six-year period (2014 to 2019). MMM stability was investigated using survival analysis and competing risks regression. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Australia. PARTICIPANTS Ophthalmologists registered with AHPRA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Retention within MMM category of primary work location. RESULTS A total of 948 ophthalmologists were identified (767 males, 181 females). Survival estimates indicate 84% of ophthalmologists remained working in MMM1, while 79% of ophthalmologists working in MMM2-MMM7remained in these regions during the six-year period. CONCLUSION The Australian ophthalmology workforce shows a high level of location stability and is concentrated in metropolitan areas of Australia. Investment in policy initiatives designed to train, recruit and retain ophthalmologists in regional, rural and remote areas is needed to improve workforce distribution outside of metropolitan areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Allen
- Rural Clinical School, Hospitals’ Campus, University of Tasmania, Brickport Road, Burnie, TAS 7320, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Belinda Jessup
- Centre for Rural Health, Newnham Campus, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (B.J.); (K.O.); (T.B.)
| | - Santosh Khanal
- The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmology, 94-98 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia; (S.K.); (V.B.-S.)
| | - Victoria Baker-Smith
- The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmology, 94-98 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia; (S.K.); (V.B.-S.)
| | - Kehinde Obamiro
- Centre for Rural Health, Newnham Campus, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (B.J.); (K.O.); (T.B.)
| | - Tony Barnett
- Centre for Rural Health, Newnham Campus, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia; (B.J.); (K.O.); (T.B.)
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Terry D, Phan H, Peck B, Hills D, Kirschbaum M, Bishop J, Obamiro K, Hoang H, Nguyen H, Baker E, Schmitz D. Correction to: Factors contributing to the recruitment and retention of rural pharmacist workforce: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:1238. [PMID: 34781937 PMCID: PMC8594180 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Terry
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Hoang Phan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Blake Peck
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danny Hills
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Kirschbaum
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia.,Pharmacy Board of Australia, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Kehinde Obamiro
- Centre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ha Hoang
- Centre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Hoang Nguyen
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ed Baker
- Center for Health Policy, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - David Schmitz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, USA
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14
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Terry D, Phan H, Peck B, Hills D, Kirschbaum M, Bishop J, Obamiro K, Hoang H, Nguyen H, Baker E, Schmitz D. Factors contributing to the recruitment and retention of rural pharmacist workforce: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:1052. [PMID: 34610827 PMCID: PMC8493699 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recruiting and retaining medical, nursing, and allied health professionals in rural and remote areas is a worldwide challenge, compromising continuity of care and population health outcomes in these locations. Specifically, pharmacists play an essential and accessible frontline healthcare role, and are often the first point of contact for health concerns. Despite several incentives, there remains a maldistribution and undersupply of pharmacists in rural and remote areas across many parts of the world. Although current systematic reviews have focussed on factors affecting pharmacists' retention generally, literature specifically focused on rural pharmacist workforce in a global context remains limited. The aim of this systematic review is to identify factors associated with recruitment and retention of the pharmacist workforce in rural and remote settings. Better understanding of these contributors will inform more effective interventional strategies to resolve pharmacist workforce shortages. METHODS A systematic search of primary studies was conducted in online databases, including Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO, and by hand-searching of reference lists. Eligible studies were identified based on predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria and methodological quality criteria, utilising the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and Good Reporting of A Mixed Methods Study (GRAMMS) checklists. RESULTS The final review included 13 studies, with quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods research design. Study-specific factors associated with recruitment and retention of pharmacists in rural practice were identified and grouped into five main themes: geographic and family-related, economic and resources, scope of practice or skills development, the practice environment, and community and practice support factors. CONCLUSIONS The results provide critical insights into the complexities of rural recruitment and retention of pharmacists and confirms the need for flexible yet multifaceted responses to overcoming rural pharmacist workforce challenges. Overall, the results provide an opportunity for rural communities and health services to better identify key strengths and challenges unique to the rural and remote pharmacist workforce that may be augmented to guide more focussed recruitment and retention endeavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Terry
- School Health, Federation University, PO Box 663, Mt Helen, Victoria Australia
| | - Hoang Phan
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Blake Peck
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Victoria Ballarat, Australia
| | - Danny Hills
- School of Health, Federation University, Victoria Ballarat, Australia
| | - Mark Kirschbaum
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
- Pharmacy Board of Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jaclyn Bishop
- Western Alliance, Warrnambool, Victoria Australia
- Centre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kehinde Obamiro
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ha Hoang
- Center for Health Policy, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho USA
| | - Hoang Nguyen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, USA
| | - Ed Baker
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Victoria Ballarat, Australia
| | - David Schmitz
- School of Health, Federation University Australia, Victoria Ballarat, Australia
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15
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Jessup B, Barnett T, Cross M, Obamiro K, Mallick S. Rural employment: A get-go for recent nursing and allied health graduates? Aust J Rural Health 2021; 29:688-700. [PMID: 34491595 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the pathways recent nursing and allied health graduates have used to gain initial employment in regional and rural Tasmania. DESIGN A mixed-methods design comprising an online survey and semi-structured interviews. SETTING Tasmania, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Eighty-four recent nursing and allied health graduates from 18 disciplines. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Location and pathway to initial employment, job search strategies, number of job applications and length of time taken to gain employment. RESULTS Participants obtained their qualification from Tasmania or mainland Australia. Rural-origin graduates were more likely to work in rural locations after graduating. Graduates sought initial regional or rural employment to be close to family; to avail themselves of more job opportunities and less competition from other graduates; and for adventure. An inability to secure metropolitan jobs led others to seek opportunities in regional and rural Tasmania. Graduates that used multiple job search strategies and who were more flexible regarding location and field of initial employment experienced fewer challenges gaining employment. CONCLUSION For recent nursing and allied health graduates, securing initial employment can be time-consuming and labour-intensive. Being flexible, persistent and willing to adjust expectations about work location will help. Rural employment might provide the right get-go for a professional career. Understanding the pathways recent graduates have used to gain initial rural employment can help better connect graduates and prospective employers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Jessup
- Centre for Rural Health, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Tony Barnett
- Centre for Rural Health, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Merylin Cross
- Centre for Rural Health, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Kehinde Obamiro
- Centre for Rural Health, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Suzanne Mallick
- Centre for Rural Health, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
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16
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Jessup B, Barnett T, Obamiro K, Cross M, Mseke E. Review of the Health, Welfare and Care Workforce in Tasmania, Australia: 2011-2016. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18137014. [PMID: 34209098 PMCID: PMC8297215 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: On a per capita basis, rural communities are underserviced by health professionals when compared to metropolitan areas of Australia. However, most studies evaluating health workforce focus on discrete professional groups rather than the collective contribution of the range of health, care and welfare workers within communities. The objective of this study was therefore to illustrate a novel approach for evaluating the broader composition of the health, welfare and care (HWC) workforce in Tasmania, Australia, and its potential to inform the delivery of healthcare services within rural communities. Methods: Census data (2011 and 2016) were obtained for all workers involved in health, welfare and care service provision in Tasmania and in each statistical level 4 area (SA4) of the state. Workers were grouped into seven categories: medicine, nursing, allied health, dentistry and oral health, health-other, welfare and carers. Data were aggregated for each category to obtain total headcount, total full time equivalent (FTE) positions and total annual hours of service per capita, with changes observed over the five-year period. Results: All categories of the Tasmanian HWC workforce except welfare grew between 2011 and 2016. While this growth occurred in all SA4 regions across the state, the HWC workforce remained maldistributed, with more annual hours of service per capita provided in the Hobart area. Although the HWC workforce remained highly feminised, a move toward gender balance was observed in some categories, including medicine, dentistry and oral health, and carers. The HWC workforce also saw an increase in part-time workers across all categories. Conclusions: Adopting a broad approach to health workforce planning can better reflect the reality of healthcare service delivery. For underserviced rural communities, recognising the diverse range of workers who can contribute to the provision of health, welfare and care services offers the opportunity to realise existing workforce capacity and explore how ‘total care’ may be delivered by different combinations of health, welfare and care workers.
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17
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Lee SM, Obamiro K, Cooper A, Barnett T. General practitioner perspectives on barriers and enablers to bowel cancer screening in rural Tasmania: A thematic analysis of face-to-face interviews. Aust J Gen Pract 2021; 50:158-163. [PMID: 33634287 DOI: 10.31128/ajgp-04-20-5386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES When detected early, nine in 10 Australians with bowel cancer can be successfully treated, yet participation in the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) remains low. The aim of this study was to identify enablers and barriers to bowel cancer screening in rural Tasmanian communities from the perspective of general practitioners (GPs). METHOD Qualitative analysis of face-to-face interviews with eight GPs was used to determine factors that influence NBCSP uptake in four rural Tasmanian Local Government Areas. RESULTS High workloads, competing priorities and not knowing when a patient received an NBCSP kit were identified as barriers to supporting the program, while practice reminder systems were seen to improve the likelihood of GPs recommending the program to patients. DISCUSSION GPs are important for improving participation in the NBCSP. Incorporating GPs' views of barriers and enablers for screening is key to improving NBCSP participation in rural Tasmania and Australia more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone M Lee
- PhD, MND, BSc, Lecturer Rural Health, Centre for Rural Health, The University of Tasmania, Tas
| | - Kehinde Obamiro
- PhD, MSc (Clin Pharm), BPharm, Lecturer Rural Health, Centre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, Tas
| | - Amanda Cooper
- BPharm, Rural Pharmacy Liaison Officer, Centre for Rural Health, The University of Tasmania, Tas
| | - Tony Barnett
- PhD, RN, BAppSc, MEd, FRSA, FCNA, Director, Centre for Rural Health, The University of Tasmania, Tas
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18
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Mohammed M, Sha'aban A, Jatau AI, Yunusa I, Isa AM, Wada AS, Obamiro K, Zainal H, Ibrahim B. Assessment of COVID-19 Information Overload Among the General Public. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 9:184-192. [PMID: 33469869 PMCID: PMC7815186 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background A relentless flood of information accompanied the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. False news, conspiracy theories, and magical cures were shared with the general public at an alarming rate, which may lead to increased anxiety and stress levels and associated debilitating consequences. Objectives To measure the level of COVID-19 information overload (COVIO) and assess the association between COVIO and sociodemographic characteristics among the general public. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between April and May 2020 using a modified Cancer Information Overload scale. The survey was developed and posted on four social media platforms. The data were only collected from those who consented to participate. COVIO score was classified into high vs. low using the asymmetrical distribution as a guide and conducted a binary logistic regression to examine the factors associated with COVIO. Results A total number of 584 respondents participated in this study. The mean COVIO score of the respondents was 19.4 (± 4.0). Sources and frequency of receiving COVID-19 information were found to be significant predictors of COVIO. Participants who received information via the broadcast media were more likely to have high COVIO than those who received information via the social media (adjusted odds ratio ([aOR],14.599; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.608–132.559; p = 0.017). Also, participants who received COVID-19 information every minute (aOR, 3.892; 95% CI, 1.124–13.480; p = 0.032) were more likely to have high COVIO than those who received information every week. Conclusion The source of information and the frequency of receiving COVID-19 information were significantly associated with COVIO. The COVID-19 information is often conflicting, leading to confusion and overload of information in the general population. This can have unfavorable effects on the measures taken to control the transmission and management of COVID-19 infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40615-020-00942-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Mohammed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar Sha'aban
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
| | - Abubakar Ibrahim Jatau
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Ismaeel Yunusa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Abubakar Sadiq Wada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde Obamiro
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Hadzliana Zainal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Baharudin Ibrahim
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
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19
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Oloidi A, Nduaguba SO, Obamiro K. Assessment of quality and readability of internet-based health information related to commonly prescribed angiotensin receptor blockers. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 35:70. [PMID: 32537073 PMCID: PMC7250206 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.35.70.18237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypertension is a global public health burden. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have proven efficacy in the management of hypertension and related complications. The Internet has become a major source of health information for patients and healthcare professionals. The study aimed to assess the quality and readability of internet-based information related to selected Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs). Methods The three most widely used ARBs were identified from published literature, after which internet-based patient information was identified from the first five pages of three search engines (Google, Yahoo and Bing). Quality of identified websites were assessed using the DISCERN instrument, while readability was evaluated using the SMOG instrument and the Flesch-Kincaid readability algorithm. Final ratings were then calculated as described by the instruments developers. Further, inter-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results The average overall DISCERN score in this study was 2.99 (SD±1.05). No website received an excellent rating, 15% were rated good, 66% as moderate and 19% as poor. The inter-class reliability was 0.804 for losartan and 0.695 for valsartan. The mean Flesch Reading Ease score for the websites was 48.87 (SD±16.12), mean Flesch-Kincaid Reading Grade Level was 9.29 (SD±1.98) while mean SMOG value was 11.29 (SD±1.70). Conclusion Overall, patient information on the reviewed ARBs websites was found to be of moderate quality and suboptimal readability. Content providers on websites should ensure that health information is of favorable quality and easy to read by patients with varying degree of health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabina Onyinye Nduaguba
- Health Outcomes and Pharmacy Practice 'Division' College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Kehinde Obamiro
- Centre for Rural Health, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Australia
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20
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Obamiro K, West S, Lee S. Like, comment, tag, share: Facebook interactions in health research. Int J Med Inform 2020; 137:104097. [PMID: 32092667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A key aspect of the Internet that facilitates research is social media, especially the meteoric rise in the use of Facebook as one of the primary applications for social connectivity. Facebook can be considered a rich source of data due to the high amounts of demographic information shared by users and stored in the system, as well as the way in which users share their thoughts and behaviour in their natural environment. This report focuses on one functionality that as yet remained under-discussed and perhaps under-utilised as a tool in health research - the ability for participants or interested parties to leave comments directly on Facebook posts relating to research projects. Further, this report provides some considerations for researchers intending to use Facebook in recruiting participants for research. METHODS The study was a Bowel Cancer Awareness Study conducted by the Centre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania to assess bowel cancer risk awareness in Tasmania. Participants were recruited to complete a survey on LimeSurveyTM via a Facebook page used to advertise the study. Several comments were made on the Facebook page over a three-month period, which were then further categorised and thematically analysed. Specifically, these comments were reviewed to determine how valuable Facebook comments can be for research. RESULTS The Facebook advertisement for the survey reached 136,640 people at a cost of $0.04 (4 cents) per person. From the range of comments received, four separate functions of these comments became apparent upon analysis - the capacity to ask questions, the ability to interact with others, promotion of the survey, and suggestions for future research. DISCUSSION From the bowel cancer awareness study, we found that Facebook comments on our study page allowed for an opportunity for ongoing contact with respondents, opportunity to receive feedback, address concerns and harness future research ideas. The ability to further utilize the potential for Facebook comments to enrich data collection and health research warrants a continuous and sustained interest, as research methodology progressively utilises the Internet and social media platforms as an effective and affordable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Obamiro
- Centre for Rural Health, College of Health and Medicine University of Tasmania.
| | - Sancia West
- School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Newcastle.
| | - Simone Lee
- Centre for Rural Health, College of Health and Medicine University of Tasmania
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21
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Obamiro K, Lee K. Information overload in patients with atrial fibrillation: Can the cancer information overload (CIO) scale be used? Patient Educ Couns 2019; 102:550-554. [PMID: 30314829 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Information overload can negatively impact positive health behaviors such as cancer screening. The 8-item Cancer Information Overload (CIO) scale appears to be the only validated measure of health-related information overload. The present study assesses the validity of the CIO scale when modified for use in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) residing in Australia. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a study of adult Australian patients with AF (N = 386) in which a modified version of the CIO scale was used. In the present study, we examined the construct (convergent and divergent) validity and performed an exploratory factor analysis for the modified scale. RESULTS All items on the modified-CIO scale appear to load onto a single factor. As predicted, higher education levels (rs=-.24, p < .001) and higher oral anticoagulant knowledge (rs=-.17, p = .001) were significantly associated with lower modified-CIO scores; no other demographic characteristics were significantly associated with CIO scores. CONCLUSION When adapted to the AF context, the modified-CIO scale appears to be a valid measure of information overload. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS A valid scale is required to measure information overload accurately. Knowledge of the interplay between information overload and various health behaviors help focus future efforts to support patient empowerment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Obamiro
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia; Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia; Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia.
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