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Pierce OM, McNair GR, He X, Kajiura H, Fujiyama K, Kermode AR. N-glycan structures and downstream mannose-phosphorylation of plant recombinant human alpha-L-iduronidase: toward development of enzyme replacement therapy for mucopolysaccharidosis I. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 95:593-606. [PMID: 29119347 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis N-glycan processing mutants provide the basis for tailoring recombinant enzymes for use as replacement therapeutics to treat lysosomal storage diseases, including N-glycan mannose phosphorylation to ensure lysosomal trafficking and efficacy. Functional recombinant human alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA; EC 3.2.1.76) enzymes were generated in seeds of the Arabidopsis thaliana complex-glycan-deficient (cgl) C5 background, which is deficient in the activity of N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase I, and in seeds of the Arabidopsis gm1 mutant, which lacks Golgi α-mannosidase I (GM1) activity. Both strategies effectively prevented N-glycan maturation and the resultant N-glycan structures on the consensus sites for N-glycosylation of the human enzyme revealed high-mannose N-glycans of predominantly Man5 (cgl-IDUA) or Man6-8 (gm1-IDUA) structures. Both forms of IDUA were equivalent with respect to their kinetic parameters characterized by cleavage of the artificial substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-iduronide. Because recombinant lysosomal enzymes produced in plants require the addition of mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) in order to be suitable for lysosomal delivery in human cells, we characterized the two IDUA proteins for their amenability to downstream in vitro mannose phosphorylation mediated by a soluble form of the human phosphotransferase (UDP-GlcNAc: lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosamine [GlcNAc]-1-phosphotransferase). Gm1-IDUA exhibited a slight advantage over the cgl-IDUA in the in vitro M6P-tagging process, with respect to having a better affinity (i.e. lower K m) for the soluble phosphotransferase. This may be due to the greater number of mannose residues comprising the high-mannose N-glycans of gm1-IDUA. Our elite cgl- line produces IDUA at > 5.7% TSP (total soluble protein); screening of the gm1 lines showed a maximum yield of 1.5% TSP. Overall our findings demonstrate the relative advantages and disadvantages associated with the two platforms to create enzyme replacement therapeutics for lysosomal storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen M Pierce
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Grant R McNair
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Xu He
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Kajiura
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Osaka, 565, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-hagashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Fujiyama
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Osaka, 565, Japan
| | - Allison R Kermode
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Zeng Y, Zhao T, Kermode AR. An ABI3-interactor of conifers responds to multiple hormones. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e26225. [PMID: 23989243 PMCID: PMC4091547 DOI: 10.4161/psb.26225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
CnAIP2 (Callitropsis nootkatensis ABI3-Interacting Protein 2) was previously identified as a protein that interacts with the yellow-cedar ABI3 protein. CnAIP2 plays important roles during several key transitions of the plant lifecycle and acts as a global regulator with functions opposite to those of ABI3 proteins. Here we report that the CnAIP2 gene promoter is strongly upregulated by all of the major plant hormones. Young Arabidopsis seedlings expressing a chimeric CnAIP2pro-GUS construct were subjected to exogenously applied hormones; the maximum fold-enhancement of GUS activity was as high as 47-fold, and each hormone showed a distinctive cell/tissue-specific pattern of GUS induction. By far the greatest response was elicited by the synthetic auxin 2,4-D (47-fold induction); the other hormones tested stimulated GUS activities by 8- to 21-fold. The CnAIP2 promoter also responded to glucose and salt (NaCl), albeit to a lesser extent (2- to 3-fold induction). As well as acting in an antagonistic way to the global regulator ABI3, CnAIP2 appears to participate in multiple hormonal crosstalk pathways to carry out its functions.
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Zeng Y, Zhao T, Kermode AR. A conifer ABI3-interacting protein plays important roles during key transitions of the plant life cycle. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:179-95. [PMID: 23144188 PMCID: PMC3532250 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.206946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ABI3 (for ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3), a transcription factor of the abscisic acid signal transduction pathway, plays a major role during seed development, dormancy inception, and dormancy maintenance. This protein appears to also function in meristematic and vegetative plant tissues and under certain stress conditions. We have isolated the ABI3 gene ortholog (CnABI3) from yellow cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis) and found that it was functionally similar to other ABI3 genes of angiosperms. Here, we report that using a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid approach, we have identified another protein of yellow cedar (CnAIP2; for CnABI3 INTERACTING PROTEIN2) that physically interacts with CnABI3. Functional analyses revealed that CnAIP2 plays important roles during key transitions in the plant life cycle: (1) CnAIP2 impaired seed development and reduced seed dormancy; (2) CnAIP2 promoted root development, particularly the initiation of lateral roots, and the CnAIP2 gene promoter was exquisitely auxin sensitive; and (3) CnAIP2 promoted the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive initiation (i.e. flowering). The nature of the effects of CnAIP2 on these processes and other evidence place CnAIP2 in the category of a "global" regulator, whose actions are antagonistic to those of ABI3.
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Yoshimatsu K, Kawano N, Kawahara N, Akiyama H, Teshima R, Nishijima M. [Current status in the commercialization and application of genetically modified plants and their effects on human and livestock health and phytoremediation]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2012; 132:629-74. [PMID: 22687699 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.132.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Developments in the use of genetically modified plants for human and livestock health and phytoremediation were surveyed using information retrieved from Entrez PubMed, Chemical Abstracts Service, Google, congress abstracts and proceedings of related scientific societies, scientific journals, etc. Information obtained was classified into 8 categories according to the research objective and the usage of the transgenic plants as 1: nutraceuticals (functional foods), 2: oral vaccines, 3: edible curatives, 4: vaccine antigens, 5: therapeutic antibodies, 6: curatives, 7: diagnostic agents and reagents, and 8: phytoremediation. In total, 405 cases were collected from 2006 to 2010. The numbers of cases were 120 for nutraceuticals, 65 for oral vaccines, 25 for edible curatives, 36 for vaccine antigens, 36 for therapeutic antibodies, 76 for curatives, 15 for diagnostic agents and reagents, and 40 for phytoremediation (sum of each cases was 413 because some reports were related to several categories). Nutraceuticals, oral vaccines and curatives were predominant. The most frequently used edible crop was rice (51 cases), and tomato (28 cases), lettuce (22 cases), potato (18 cases), corn (15 cases) followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Yoshimatsu
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Japan.
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He X, Haselhorst T, von Itzstein M, Kolarich D, Packer NH, Kermode AR. Influence of an ER-retention signal on the N-glycosylation of recombinant human α-L-iduronidase generated in seeds of Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 79:157-69. [PMID: 22442036 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-012-9902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Processes associated with late events of N-glycosylation within the plant Golgi complex are a major limitation to the use of plant-based systems to produce recombinant pharmaceutical proteins for parenteral administration. Specifically, sugars added to the N-glycans of a recombinant protein during glycan maturation to complex forms (e.g. β1,2 xylose and α1,3 fucose) can render the product immunogenic. In order to avoid these sugars, the human enzyme α-L-iduronidase (IDUA, EC 3.2.1.76), with a C-terminal ER-retention sequence SEKDEL, was expressed in seeds of complex-glycan-deficient (cgl) mutant and wild-type (Col-0) Arabidopsis thaliana, under the control of regulatory (5'-, signal-peptide-encoding-, and 3'-) sequences from the arcelin 5-I gene of Phaseolus vulgaris (cgl-IDUA-SEKDEL and Col-IDUA-SEKDEL, respectively). The SEKDEL motif had no adverse effect on the specific activity of the purified enzyme. Surprisingly, the majority of the N-glycans of Col-IDUA-SEKDEL were complex N-glycans (i.e. contained xylose and/or fucose) (88 %), whereas complex N-glycans comprised a much lower proportion of the N-glycans of cgl-IDUA-SEKDEL (26 %), in which high-mannose forms were predominant. In contrast to the non-chimeric IDUA of cgl seeds, which is mainly secreted into the extracellular spaces, the addition of the SEKDEL sequence to human recombinant IDUA expressed in the same background led to retention of the protein in ER-derived vesicles/compartments and its partial localization in protein storage vacuoles. Our data support the contention that the use of a C-terminal ER retention motif as an effective strategy to prevent or reduce complex N-glycan formation, is protein specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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He X, Galpin JD, Tropak MB, Mahuran D, Haselhorst T, von Itzstein M, Kolarich D, Packer NH, Miao Y, Jiang L, Grabowski GA, Clarke LA, Kermode AR. Production of active human glucocerebrosidase in seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana complex-glycan-deficient (cgl) plants. Glycobiology 2012; 22:492-503. [PMID: 22061999 PMCID: PMC3425599 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a clear need for efficient methods to produce protein therapeutics requiring mannose-termination for therapeutic efficacy. Here we report on a unique system for production of active human lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (glucocerebrosidase, GCase, EC 3.2.1.45) using seeds of the Arabidopsis thaliana complex-glycan-deficient (cgl) mutant, which are deficient in the activity of N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase I (EC 2.4.1.101). Gaucher disease is a prevalent lysosomal storage disease in which affected individuals inherit mutations in the gene (GBA1) encoding GCase. A gene cassette optimized for seed expression was used to generate the human enzyme in seeds of the cgl (C5) mutant, and the recombinant GCase was mainly accumulated in the apoplast. Importantly, the enzymatic properties including kinetic parameters, half-maximal inhibitory concentration of isofagomine and thermal stability of the cgl-derived GCase were comparable with those of imiglucerase, a commercially available recombinant human GCase used for enzyme replacement therapy in Gaucher patients. N-glycan structural analyses of recombinant cgl-GCase showed that the majority of the N-glycans (97%) were mannose terminated. Additional purification was required to remove ∼15% of the plant-derived recombinant GCase that possessed potentially immunogenic (xylose- and/or fucose-containing) N-glycans. Uptake of cgl-derived GCase by mouse macrophages was similar to that of imiglucerase. The cgl seed system requires no addition of foreign (non-native) amino acids to the mature recombinant GCase protein, and the dry transgenic seeds represent a stable repository of the therapeutic protein. Other strategies that may completely prevent plant-like complex N-glycans are discussed, including the use of a null cgl mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jason D Galpin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Michael B Tropak
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Don Mahuran
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Banting Institute, 100 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L5, Canada
| | - Thomas Haselhorst
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Mark von Itzstein
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Scienes, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Scienes, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Yansong Miao
- Department of Biology and Molecular Biotechnology Program, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Department of Biology and Molecular Biotechnology Program, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gregory A Grabowski
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lorne A Clarke
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Children’s and Family Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave., Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Allison R Kermode
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr., Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
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Kole C, Michler CH, Abbott AG, Hall TC. Levels and Stability of Expression of Transgenes. TRANSGENIC CROP PLANTS 2010. [PMCID: PMC7122870 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-04809-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that in a given cell, at a particular time, only a fraction of the entire genome is expressed. Expression of a gene, nuclear, or organellar starts with the onset of transcription and ends in the synthesis of the functional protein. The regulation of gene expression is a complex process that requires the coordinated activity of different proteins and nucleic acids that ultimately determine whether a gene is transcribed, and if transcribed, whether it results in the production of a protein that develops a phenotype. The same also holds true for transgenic crops, which lie at the very core of insert design. There are multiple checkpoints at which the expression of a gene can be regulated and controlled. Much of the emphasis of studies related to gene expression has been on regulation of gene transcription, and a number of methods are used to effect the control of gene expression. Controlling transgene expression for a commercially valuable trait is necessary to capture its value. Many gene functions are either lethal or produce severe deformity (resulting in loss of value) if over-expressed. Thus, expression of a transgene at a particular site or in response to a particular elicitor is always desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittaranjan Kole
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Charles H. Michler
- NSF I/UCRC Center for Tree Genetics, Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center at Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Albert G. Abbott
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Timothy C. Hall
- Institute of Developmental & Molecular Biology Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
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