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Min J, Keswani T, LaHood NA, Lytle IR, Marini-Rapoport O, Andrieux L, Sneed SL, Edwards LL, Petrovich RM, Perera L, Pomés A, Pedersen LC, Patil SU, Mueller GA. Design of an Ara h 2 hypoallergen from conformational epitopes. Clin Exp Allergy 2024; 54:46-55. [PMID: 38168500 PMCID: PMC10843581 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adverse reactions are relatively common during peanut oral immunotherapy. To reduce the risk to the patient, some researchers have proposed modifying the allergen to reduce IgE reactivity, creating a putative hypoallergen. Analysis of recently cloned human IgG from patients treated with peanut immunotherapy suggested that there are three common conformational epitopes for the major peanut allergen Ara h 2. We sought to test if structural information on these epitopes could indicate mutagenesis targets for designing a hypoallergen and evaluated the reduction in IgE binding via immunochemistry and a mouse model of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). METHODS X-ray crystallography characterized the conformational epitopes in detail, followed by mutational analysis of key residues to modify monoclonal antibody (mAb) and serum IgE binding, assessed by ELISA and biolayer interferometry. A designed Ara h 2 hypoallergen was tested for reduced vascularization in mouse PCA experiments using pooled peanut allergic patient serum. RESULTS A ternary crystal structure of Ara h 2 in complex with patient antibodies 13T1 and 13T5 was determined. Site-specific mutants were designed that reduced 13T1, 13T5, and 22S1 mAbs binding by orders of magnitude. By combining designed mutations from the three major conformational bins, a hexamutant (Ara h 2 E46R, E89R, E97R, E114R, Q146A, R147E) was created that reduced IgE binding in serum from allergic patients. Further, in the PCA model where mice were primed with peanut allergic patient serum, reactivity upon allergen challenge was significantly decreased using the hexamutant. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate that prior knowledge of common conformational epitopes can be used to engineer reduced IgE reactivity, an important first step in hypoallergen design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungki Min
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NC, USA
| | - Tarun Keswani
- Center for Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole A. LaHood
- Center for Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isabelle R. Lytle
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NC, USA
| | - Orlee Marini-Rapoport
- Center for Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Léna Andrieux
- Center for Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Master de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69342 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Sunny L. Sneed
- Center for Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lori L. Edwards
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NC, USA
| | - Robert M. Petrovich
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NC, USA
| | - Lalith Perera
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NC, USA
| | | | - Lars C. Pedersen
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NC, USA
| | - Sarita U. Patil
- Center for Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Mueller
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NC, USA
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Zhou X, Ren L, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li X, Yang A, Tong P, Wu Z, Chen H. Effect of Structural Targeted Modifications on the Potential Allergenicity of Peanut Allergen Ara h 2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:836-845. [PMID: 36574959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein structure affects allergenicity, and critical structural elements, especially conformational epitopes that determine allergenicity, have attracted a great deal of interest. In this study, we aimed to identify the localized structure that affects the potential allergenicity of protein by making targeted modifications of Ara h 2 and comparing the structure and allergenicity of mutants with those of the wide-type allergen. The structures of the allergen and its mutants were characterized by circular dichroism and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy and simulated by molecular dynamics. The allergenicity was assessed by Western blotting, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a cell model, and a mouse model. Then, the structures that affect allergenicity were analyzed and screened. Our results showed that mutations in amino acids changed the nearby localized structure and the overall structures. The structural changes affected the IgE binding capacity of the allergen and reduced its potential allergenicity. The solvent accessible surface area (SASA) of aromatic residues was positively correlated with the IgE binding capacity. The integrity of the disulfide bond is also critical for the binding of IgE to allergens. Interestingly, different mutations induced similar electrostatic potential and allergenicity changes, such as localized structure R62DPYSPSQDPYSPS75. In conclusion, the disulfide bond and the SASA of aromatic residues are important for the allergenicity of Ara h 2. The localized structure R62DPYSPSQDPYSPS75 is also crucial for the allergenicity of Ara h 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Linmei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Laboratory Animal Technology Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Anshu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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3
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Kumar J, Kumar A, Sen Gupta D, Kumar S, DePauw RM. Reverse genetic approaches for breeding nutrient-rich and climate-resilient cereal and food legume crops. Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 128:473-496. [PMID: 35249099 PMCID: PMC9178024 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, advancements in genomics tools and techniques have led to the discovery of many genes. Most of these genes still need to be characterized for their associated function and therefore, such genes remain underutilized for breeding the next generation of improved crop varieties. The recent developments in different reverse genetic approaches have made it possible to identify the function of genes controlling nutritional, biochemical, and metabolic traits imparting drought, heat, cold, salinity tolerance as well as diseases and insect-pests. This article focuses on reviewing the current status and prospects of using reverse genetic approaches to breed nutrient-rich and climate resilient cereal and food legume crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Debjyoti Sen Gupta
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250 004, India
| | - Ron M DePauw
- Advancing Wheat Technologies, 118 Strathcona Rd SW, Calgary, AB, T3H 1P3, Canada
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4
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Ismail I, Huda N. Meat alternatives. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91001-9.00004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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5
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Ren L, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Li K, Yuan J, Li X, Yang A, Tong P, Chen H. Polyphenol-oxidase-catalyzed cross-linking of Ara h 2: reaction sites and effect on structure and allergenicity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:308-314. [PMID: 31525267 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut is among the most common of food allergies, and one of its allergens is Ara h 2. A previous study revealed that this allergen was recognized by serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) in over 90% of a peanut-allergic patient population. Enzymatic cross-linking is a popular processing method used to tailor food functionality, such as antigenicity. RESULT The cross-linking reactions of Ara h 2 were catalyzed by polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and the relevant reaction sites were identified using mass spectrometry and StavroX software. Two pairs of intramolecular cross-linking peptides and two intermolecular cross-linking peptides were found. Intramolecular cross-linking was speculated to occur between ARG131 (amino acids 116-131) and TYR65 (amino acids 63-80) and between TYR60 (amino acids 56-62) and ARG92 (amino acids 92-102); the intermolecular cross-linking sites were ARG31 with TYR84 or TYR89 and TYR65 or TYR72 with ARG92 or ARG102 . Three out of four cross-linking peptides were found in α-helices, and destruction of this secondary structure resulted in a loose tertiary structure. Although seven linear allergen epitopes were involved in cross-linking, the IgE binding capacity of protein changed slightly, while its sensitization potential decreased in mouse model. CONCLUSION Exploring the structural change of Ara h 2 after cross-linking is beneficial in further understanding the influence of structure on sensitization. This result indicated the future possibility of precision processing on structure of proteins to improve their properties. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linmei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food Jing Brand Bio-medicine Co Ltd, Huangshi, China
| | - Juanli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Anshu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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6
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Hilu KW, Friend SA, Vallanadu V, Brown AM, Hollingsworth LR, Bevan DR. Molecular evolution of genes encoding allergen proteins in the peanuts genus Arachis: Structural and functional implications. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222440. [PMID: 31675366 PMCID: PMC6824556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergies are severe immune responses to plant and animal products mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE). Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are among the top 15 crops that feed the world. However, peanuts is among the "big eight food allergens", and allergies induced by peanuts are a significant public health problem and a life-threatening concern. Targeted mutation studies in peanuts demonstrate that single residue alterations in these allergen proteins could result in substantial reduction in allergenicity. Knowledge of peanut allergen proteins is confined to the allotetraploid crop and its two progenitors. We explored frequencies and positions of natural mutations in the hyperallergenic homologues Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 in newly generated sequences for 24 Arachis wild species and the crop species, assessed potential mutational impact on allergenicity using immunoblots and structural modeling, and evaluated whether these mutations follow evolutionary trends. We uncovered a wealth of natural mutations, both substitutions and gaps, including the elimination of immunodominant epitopes in some species. These molecular alterations appear to be associated with substantial reductions in allergenicity. The study demonstrated that Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 follow contrasting modes of natural selection and opposing mutational patterns, particularly in epitope regions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a progressive trend towards immunodominant epitope evolution in Ara h 2. The findings provide valuable insight into the interactions among mutations, protein structure and immune system response, thus presenting a valuable platform for future manipulation of allergens to minimize, treat or eliminate allergenicity. The study strongly encourages exploration of genepools of economically important plants in allergenicity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khidir W. Hilu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Sheena A. Friend
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Viruthika Vallanadu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Anne M. Brown
- Research and Informatics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | | | - David R. Bevan
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
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7
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8
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Joo Chan C, Richardo T, Lim RLH. Current Trend in Immunotherapy for Peanut Allergy. Int Rev Immunol 2019; 37:279-290. [DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2018.1509967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Joo Chan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Timmy Richardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Renee Lay Hong Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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9
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A Quantitative Method for Detecting Ara h 2 by Generation and Utilization of Monoclonal Antibodies. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:4894705. [PMID: 29854839 PMCID: PMC5960532 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4894705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is one of the most common food allergens that can induce fatal anaphylaxis, and Ara h 2 is one of the major allergen components involved in peanut allergy. The aim of this study was to develop a quantitative method for detecting peanut allergen using monoclonal antibodies against Ara h 2. The splenocytes of immunized mice were fused with myeloma cells (SP2/0), and stable mAb-producing clones were obtained by limiting dilution. mAbs against Ara h 2 were isolated from mouse ascites, and specificity was confirmed by immunoblotting. Five mAbs with high purity and specific reactivity were obtained, which were referred to as 1-2E10, 2-1D5, 3-1C5, 4-1C2, and 5-1G4, respectively. After screening different mAb combinations for development of a sandwich ELISA, we selected 5-1G4 as the capture antibody and 1-2E10 as the detection antibody for the measurement of Ara h 2 from which an optimal correlation between the Ara h 2 concentration and the OD value was obtained. This sandwich ELISA could specifically detect Ara h 2 in peanut extract at concentrations as low as 5 ng/mL and up to 10 μg/mL. These mAbs can, therefore, serve as quantitative diagnostic reagents for peanut and peanut product risk assessment.
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10
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Identification of a common Ara h 3 epitope recognized by both the capture and the detection monoclonal antibodies in an ELISA detection kit. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182935. [PMID: 28800361 PMCID: PMC5553815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergy to peanuts has become a common and severe problem, especially in westernized countries. In this study, we evaluated the target and epitope specificity of the capture and detection mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) used in a commercial peanut allergen detection platform. We first identified the target of these antibodies as Ara h 3 and then used an overlapping peptide array of Ara h 3 to determine the antibody-binding epitopes. Further amino acids critical for the binding via alanine substitutions at individual amino acid residues within the epitope were mapped. Finally, inhibition ELISA and inhibition immunoblotting using a recombinant Ara h 3 protein were performed to confirm these results. Surprisingly, the capture and detection mAbs showed identical binding characteristics and were presumed to represent two isolates of the same clone, a notion supported by both isoelectric focusing electrophoresis and Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry experiments. The simultaneous binding of a pair of identical mAbs to an individual allergen such as Ara h3 is attributed to the multivalency of the analyte and has implications for developing diagnostic assays for additional multimeric allergens.
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11
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Kumar J, Gupta DS, Gupta S, Dubey S, Gupta P, Kumar S. Quantitative trait loci from identification to exploitation for crop improvement. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:1187-1213. [PMID: 28352970 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Advancement in the field of genetics and genomics after the discovery of Mendel's laws of inheritance has led to map the genes controlling qualitative and quantitative traits in crop plant species. Mapping of genomic regions controlling the variation of quantitatively inherited traits has become routine after the advent of different types of molecular markers. Recently, the next generation sequencing methods have accelerated the research on QTL analysis. These efforts have led to the identification of more closely linked molecular markers with gene/QTLs and also identified markers even within gene/QTL controlling the trait of interest. Efforts have also been made towards cloning gene/QTLs or identification of potential candidate genes responsible for a trait. Further new concepts like crop QTLome and QTL prioritization have accelerated precise application of QTLs for genetic improvement of complex traits. In the past years, efforts have also been made in exploitation of a number of QTL for improving grain yield or other agronomic traits in various crops through markers assisted selection leading to cultivation of these improved varieties at farmers' field. In present article, we reviewed QTLs from their identification to exploitation in plant breeding programs and also reviewed that how improved cultivars developed through introgression of QTLs have improved the yield productivity in many crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India.
| | - Debjyoti Sen Gupta
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Sunanda Gupta
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Sonali Dubey
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat-Institutes, B.P. 6299, Rabat, Morocco
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12
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Wu Z, Lian J, Zhao R, Li K, Li X, Yang A, Tong P, Chen H. Ara h 2 cross-linking catalyzed by MTGase decreases its allergenicity. Food Funct 2017; 8:1195-1203. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01365a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ara h 2 cross-linking involving linear allergen epitopes significantly decreases its allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute
| | - Jun Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Ruifang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
- School of Environment & Chemical Engineering
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Anshu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute
| | - Ping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute
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13
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Wu Z, Lian J, Han Y, Zhou N, Li X, Yang A, Tong P, Chen H. Crosslinking of peanut allergen Ara h 2 by polyphenol oxidase: digestibility and potential allergenicity assessment. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:3567-3574. [PMID: 26597340 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut is one of the eight major food allergens. Its allergen, Ara h 2, can be recognized by over 90% of serum IgE samples from peanut-allergic patients. Therefore, reducing the allergenicity of Ara h 2 is especially important. RESULTS In the present study, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), a protein cross-linking reaction catalyst that acts on tyrosine residue, was used to modify Ara h 2. After crosslinking, the microstructure, digestibility, IgG binding capability and IgE binding capability of Ara h 2 were analyzed. Cross-linking decreased the potential allergenicity of Ara h 2 by masking the allergen epitope, while the antigenicity of Ara h 2 changed slightly. After crosslinking, the apparent diameter of Ara h 2 was altered from 300 to 1700 nm or 220 nm, indicating that polymerization could either be inter- or intramolecular. Regarding digestibility, crosslinked Ara h 2 was relatively more easily digested by gastric fluid compared with the untreated Ara h 2, but much more difficult in the intestinal fluid. CONCLUSION The crosslinking reaction catalyzed by PPO, as a non-thermal process, may be beneficial for avoiding food allergy. The reaction could mask allergen epitopes, decreasing the allergenicity of Ara h 2. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Jun Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Yuanlong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
- Jiangxi Synergy Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Fengxin, 330700, China
| | - Ningling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
- Department of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Anshu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Ping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
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14
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Allergenicity attributes of different peanut market types. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 91:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shamoon M, Sajid MW, Safdar W, Haider J, Omar M, Ammar A, Sharif HR, Khalid S, Randhawa MA. An update on hypoallergenicity of peanut and soybean: where are we now? RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12515h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Legumes are one of the major sources of proteins and positively correlate with the development of modern society. At the same time, unfortunately, they significantly contribute to the rising prevalence of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shamoon
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- The Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Muhammad Wasim Sajid
- Department of Biosciences
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
- Sahiwal 57000
- Pakistan
| | - Waseem Safdar
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- The Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Junaid Haider
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Mukama Omar
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- P. R. China
| | - Alfarga Ammar
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- The Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Hafiz Rizwan Sharif
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
| | - Saud Khalid
- Center for Polymer from Renewable Resources
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R China
| | - Muhammad Atif Randhawa
- Faculty of Food
- Nutrition and Home Sciences
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology
- University of Agriculture
- Faisalabad 38040
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16
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Guo Y, Abernathy B, Zeng Y, Ozias-Akins P. TILLING by sequencing to identify induced mutations in stress resistance genes of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). BMC Genomics 2015; 16:157. [PMID: 25881128 PMCID: PMC4369367 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING) is a powerful reverse genetics approach for functional genomics studies. We used high-throughput sequencing, combined with a two-dimensional pooling strategy, with either minimum read percentage with non-reference nucleotide or minimum variance multiplier as mutation prediction parameters, to detect genes related to abiotic and biotic stress resistances. In peanut, lipoxygenase genes were reported to be highly induced in mature seeds infected with Aspergillus spp., indicating their importance in plant-fungus interactions. Recent studies showed that phospholipase D (PLD) expression was elevated more quickly in drought sensitive lines than in drought tolerant lines of peanut. A newly discovered lipoxygenase (LOX) gene in peanut, along with two peanut PLD genes from previous publications were selected for TILLING. Additionally, two major allergen genes Ara h 1 and Ara h 2, and fatty acid desaturase AhFAD2, a gene which controls the ratio of oleic to linoleic acid in the seed, were also used in our study. The objectives of this research were to develop a suitable TILLING by sequencing method for this allotetraploid, and use this method to identify mutations induced in stress related genes. Results We screened a peanut root cDNA library and identified three candidate LOX genes. The gene AhLOX7 was selected for TILLING due to its high expression in seeds and roots. By screening 768 M2 lines from the TILLING population, four missense mutations were identified for AhLOX7, three missense mutations were identified for AhPLD, one missense and two silent mutations were identified for Ara h 1.01, three silent and five missense mutations were identified for Ara h 1.02, one missense mutation was identified for AhFAD2B, and one silent mutation was identified for Ara h 2.02. The overall mutation frequency was 1 SNP/1,066 kb. The SNP detection frequency for single copy genes was 1 SNP/344 kb and 1 SNP/3,028 kb for multiple copy genes. Conclusions Our TILLING by sequencing approach is efficient to identify mutations in single and multi-copy genes. The mutations identified in our study can be used to further study gene function and have potential usefulness in breeding programs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1348-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Guo
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia -Tifton Campus, 2360 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA, 31793-5766, USA.
| | - Brian Abernathy
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Yajuan Zeng
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia -Tifton Campus, 2360 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA, 31793-5766, USA.
| | - Peggy Ozias-Akins
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia -Tifton Campus, 2360 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA, 31793-5766, USA.
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17
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Effect of heat treatment on structure and immunogenicity of recombinant peanut protein Ara h 2.01. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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An electrochemical peptide-based Ara h 2 antibody sensor fabricated on a nickel(II)-nitriloacetic acid self-assembled monolayer using a His-tagged peptide. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 828:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Peanut is recognized as a potent food allergen producing one of the most frequent food allergies. This fact has originated the publication of an elevated number of scientific reports dealing with peanut allergens and, especially, the prevalence of peanut allergy. For this reason, the information available on peanut allergens is increasing and the debate about peanut allergy is always renewed. This article reviews the information currently available on peanut allergens and on the techniques used for their chemical characterization. Moreover, a general overview on the current biotechnological approaches used to reduce or eliminate peanut allergens is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sáiz
- Department of Chemistry I, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences, and Chemistry, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Lee LS, Till BJ, Hill H, Huynh OA, Jankowicz-Cieslak J. Mutation and mutation screening. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2013; 1099:77-95. [PMID: 24243197 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-715-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecular techniques have created the opportunity for great advances in plant mutation genetics and the science of mutation breeding. The powerful targeted induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) technique has introduced the possibility of reverse genetics-the ability to screen for mutations at the DNA level prior to assessing phenotype. Fundamental to TILLING is the induction of mutant populations (or alternatively, the identification of mutants in the environment); and mutation induction requires an understanding and assessment of the appropriate mutagen dose required. The techniques of mutation induction, dose optimization, and TILLING are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Slade Lee
- Cooperative Research Centre for Remote Economic Participation, Division of Research, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
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21
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Sabetta W, Blanco A, Zelasco S, Lombardo L, Perri E, Mangini G, Montemurro C. Fad7 gene identification and fatty acids phenotypic variation in an olive collection by EcoTILLING and sequencing approaches. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 69:1-8. [PMID: 23685785 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The ω-3 fatty acid desaturases (FADs) are enzymes responsible for catalyzing the conversion of linoleic acid to α-linolenic acid localized in the plastid or in the endoplasmic reticulum. In this research we report the genotypic and phenotypic variation of Italian Olea europaea L. germoplasm for the fatty acid composition. The phenotypic oil characterization was followed by the molecular analysis of the plastidial-type ω-3 FAD gene (fad7) (EC 1.14.19), whose full-length sequence has been here identified in cultivar Leccino. The gene consisted of 2635 bp with 8 exons and 5'- and 3'-UTRs of 336 and 282 bp respectively, and showed a high level of heterozygousity (1/110 bp). The natural allelic variation was investigated both by a LiCOR EcoTILLING assay and the PCR product direct sequencing. Only three haplotypes were identified among the 96 analysed cultivars, highlighting the strong degree of conservation of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma Sabetta
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Section of Genetics and Breeding, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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22
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Pérez-de-Castro AM, Vilanova S, Cañizares J, Pascual L, Blanca JM, Díez MJ, Prohens J, Picó B. Application of genomic tools in plant breeding. Curr Genomics 2012; 13:179-95. [PMID: 23115520 PMCID: PMC3382273 DOI: 10.2174/138920212800543084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant breeding has been very successful in developing improved varieties using conventional tools and methodologies. Nowadays, the availability of genomic tools and resources is leading to a new revolution of plant breeding, as they facilitate the study of the genotype and its relationship with the phenotype, in particular for complex traits. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies are allowing the mass sequencing of genomes and transcriptomes, which is producing a vast array of genomic information. The analysis of NGS data by means of bioinformatics developments allows discovering new genes and regulatory sequences and their positions, and makes available large collections of molecular markers. Genome-wide expression studies provide breeders with an understanding of the molecular basis of complex traits. Genomic approaches include TILLING and EcoTILLING, which make possible to screen mutant and germplasm collections for allelic variants in target genes. Re-sequencing of genomes is very useful for the genome-wide discovery of markers amenable for high-throughput genotyping platforms, like SSRs and SNPs, or the construction of high density genetic maps. All these tools and resources facilitate studying the genetic diversity, which is important for germplasm management, enhancement and use. Also, they allow the identification of markers linked to genes and QTLs, using a diversity of techniques like bulked segregant analysis (BSA), fine genetic mapping, or association mapping. These new markers are used for marker assisted selection, including marker assisted backcross selection, ‘breeding by design’, or new strategies, like genomic selection. In conclusion, advances in genomics are providing breeders with new tools and methodologies that allow a great leap forward in plant breeding, including the ‘superdomestication’ of crops and the genetic dissection and breeding for complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Pérez-de-Castro
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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23
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Kurowska M, Daszkowska-Golec A, Gruszka D, Marzec M, Szurman M, Szarejko I, Maluszynski M. TILLING: a shortcut in functional genomics. J Appl Genet 2011; 52:371-90. [PMID: 21912935 PMCID: PMC3189332 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-011-0061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in large-scale genome sequencing projects have opened up new possibilities for the application of conventional mutation techniques in not only forward but also reverse genetics strategies. TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) was developed a decade ago as an alternative to insertional mutagenesis. It takes advantage of classical mutagenesis, sequence availability and high-throughput screening for nucleotide polymorphisms in a targeted sequence. The main advantage of TILLING as a reverse genetics strategy is that it can be applied to any species, regardless of its genome size and ploidy level. The TILLING protocol provides a high frequency of point mutations distributed randomly in the genome. The great mutagenic potential of chemical agents to generate a high rate of nucleotide substitutions has been proven by the high density of mutations reported for TILLING populations in various plant species. For most of them, the analysis of several genes revealed 1 mutation/200-500 kb screened and much higher densities were observed for polyploid species, such as wheat. High-throughput TILLING permits the rapid and low-cost discovery of new alleles that are induced in plants. Several research centres have established a TILLING public service for various plant species. The recent trends in TILLING procedures rely on the diversification of bioinformatic tools, new methods of mutation detection, including mismatch-specific and sensitive endonucleases, but also various alternatives for LI-COR screening and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery using next-generation sequencing technologies. The TILLING strategy has found numerous applications in functional genomics. Additionally, wide applications of this throughput method in basic and applied research have already been implemented through modifications of the original TILLING strategy, such as Ecotilling or Deletion TILLING.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Kurowska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Daszkowska-Golec
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Damian Gruszka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Marzec
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Miriam Szurman
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Maluszynski
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
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24
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Knoll JE, Ramos ML, Zeng Y, Holbrook CC, Chow M, Chen S, Maleki S, Bhattacharya A, Ozias-Akins P. TILLING for allergen reduction and improvement of quality traits in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 11:81. [PMID: 21569438 PMCID: PMC3113929 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-11-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic reactions to peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) can cause severe symptoms and in some cases can be fatal, but avoidance is difficult due to the prevalence of peanut-derived products in processed foods. One strategy of reducing the allergenicity of peanuts is to alter or eliminate the allergenic proteins through mutagenesis. Other seed quality traits could be improved by altering biosynthetic enzyme activities. Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING), a reverse-genetics approach, was used to identify mutations affecting seed traits in peanut. RESULTS Two similar copies of a major allergen gene, Ara h 1, have been identified in tetraploid peanut, one in each subgenome. The same situation has been shown for major allergen Ara h 2. Due to the challenge of discriminating between homeologous genes in allotetraploid peanut, nested PCR was employed, in which both gene copies were amplified using unlabeled primers. This was followed by a second PCR using gene-specific labeled primers, heteroduplex formation, CEL1 nuclease digestion, and electrophoretic detection of labeled fragments. Using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) as a mutagen, a mutation frequency of 1 SNP/967 kb (3,420 M2 individuals screened) was observed. The most significant mutations identified were a disrupted start codon in Ara h 2.02 and a premature stop codon in Ara h 1.02. Homozygous individuals were recovered in succeeding generations for each of these mutations, and elimination of Ara h 2.02 protein was confirmed. Several Ara h 1 protein isoforms were eliminated or reduced according to 2D gel analyses. TILLING also was used to identify mutations in fatty acid desaturase AhFAD2 (also present in two copies), a gene which controls the ratio of oleic to linoleic acid in the seed. A frameshift mutation was identified, resulting in truncation and inactivation of AhFAD2B protein. A mutation in AhFAD2A was predicted to restore function to the normally inactive enzyme. CONCLUSIONS This work represents the first steps toward the goal of creating a peanut cultivar with reduced allergenicity. TILLING in peanut can be extended to virtually any gene, and could be used to modify other traits such as nutritional properties of the seed, as shown in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Knoll
- Department of Horticulture/NESPAL, University of Georgia-Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
- USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - M Laura Ramos
- Department of Horticulture/NESPAL, University of Georgia-Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Yajuan Zeng
- Department of Horticulture/NESPAL, University of Georgia-Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - C Corley Holbrook
- USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Marjorie Chow
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Soheila Maleki
- USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Anjanabha Bhattacharya
- Department of Horticulture/NESPAL, University of Georgia-Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
| | - Peggy Ozias-Akins
- Department of Horticulture/NESPAL, University of Georgia-Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793, USA
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25
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The impact of plant biotechnology on food allergy. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 22:224-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Prickett SR, Voskamp AL, Dacumos-Hill A, Symons K, Rolland JM, O'Hehir RE. Ara h 2 peptides containing dominant CD4+ T-cell epitopes: candidates for a peanut allergy therapeutic. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 127:608-15.e1-5. [PMID: 21093025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut allergy is a life-threatening condition; there is currently no cure. Although whole allergen extracts are used for specific immunotherapy for many allergies, they can cause severe reactions, and even fatalities, in peanut allergy. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify short, T-cell epitope-based peptides that target allergen-specific CD4(+) T cells but do not bind IgE as candidates for safe peanut-specific immunotherapy. METHODS Multiple CD4(+) T-cell lines specific for the major peanut allergen Ara h 2 were generated from PBMCs of 16 HLA-diverse subjects with peanut allergy by using 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidylester-based methodology. Proliferation and ELISPOT assays were used to identify dominant epitopes recognized by T-cell lines and to confirm recognition by peripheral blood T cells of epitope-based peptides modified for therapeutic production. HLA restriction of core epitope recognition was investigated by using anti-HLA blocking antibodies and HLA genotyping. Serum-IgE peptide-binding was assessed by dot-blot. RESULTS Five dominant CD4(+) T-cell epitopes were identified in Ara h 2. In combination, these were presented by HLA-DR, HLA-DP, and HLA-DQ molecules and recognized by T cells from all 16 subjects. Three short peptide variants containing these T-cell epitopes were designed with cysteine-to-serine substitutions to facilitate stability and therapeutic production. Variant peptides showed HLA-binding degeneracy, did not bind peanut-specific serum IgE, and could directly target T(H)2-type T cells in peripheral blood of subjects with allergy. CONCLUSION Short CD4(+) T-cell epitope-based Ara h 2 peptides were identified as novel candidates for a T-cell-targeted peanut-specific immunotherapy for an HLA-diverse population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Prickett
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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27
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Ibiza VP, Cañizares J, Nuez F. EcoTILLING in Capsicum species: searching for new virus resistances. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:631. [PMID: 21073716 PMCID: PMC3091766 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The EcoTILLING technique allows polymorphisms in target genes of natural populations to be quickly analysed or identified and facilitates the screening of genebank collections for desired traits. We have developed an EcoTILLING platform to exploit Capsicum genetic resources. A perfect example of the utility of this EcoTILLING platform is its application in searching for new virus-resistant alleles in Capsicum genus. Mutations in translation initiation factors (eIF4E, eIF(iso)4E, eIF4G and eIF(iso)4G) break the cycle of several RNA viruses without affecting the plant life cycle, which makes these genes potential targets to screen for resistant germplasm. Results We developed and assayed a cDNA-based EcoTILLING platform with 233 cultivated accessions of the genus Capsicum. High variability in the coding sequences of the eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E genes was detected using the cDNA platform. After sequencing, 36 nucleotide changes were detected in the CDS of eIF4E and 26 in eIF(iso)4E. A total of 21 eIF4E haplotypes and 15 eIF(iso)4E haplotypes were identified. To evaluate the functional relevance of this variability, 31 possible eIF4E/eIF(iso)4E combinations were tested against Potato virus Y. The results showed that five new eIF4E variants (pvr210, pvr211, pvr212, pvr213 and pvr214) were related to PVY-resistance responses. Conclusions EcoTILLING was optimised in different Capsicum species to detect allelic variants of target genes. This work is the first to use cDNA instead of genomic DNA in EcoTILLING. This approach avoids intronic sequence problems and reduces the number of reactions. A high level of polymorphism has been identified for initiation factors, showing the high genetic variability present in our collection and its potential use for other traits, such as genes related to biotic or abiotic stresses, quality or production. Moreover, the new eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E alleles are an excellent collection for searching for new resistance against other RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente P Ibiza
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 8E CPI, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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28
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Fu G, Zhong Y, Li C, Li Y, Lin X, Liao B, Tsang EWT, Wu K, Huang S. Epigenetic regulation of peanut allergen gene Ara h 3 in developing embryos. PLANTA 2010; 231:1049-60. [PMID: 20157727 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergy is one of the most serious food allergies. Peanut seed protein, Ara h 3, is considered to be one of the most important peanut allergens. Little is known about the temporal and spatial regulation mechanism of Ara h 3 during seed development. In this study, chromatin structure of the Ara h 3 promoter was analyzed to examine its transcriptional regulation. Analysis of transgenic plants of Arabidopsis thaliana expressing Arah3: GUS showed that the Ara h 3 promoter could efficiently direct the seed-specific expression of the GUS reporter gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that nucleosomes were depleted at the core promoter of the Ara h 3 upon full activation in the late stage of embryo maturation, which was accompanied by a dramatic decrease of histone acetylation. However, in the early stage of embryo maturation, histone H3 hyperacetylation at the core promoter of Ara h 3 was detected. A decrease of histone H3-K9 dimethylation levels at core promoter of Ara h 3 was also observed with concomitant repression of Ara h 3 in the vegetative tissues. Our results suggest that the histone modification status of Ara h 3 undergoes targeted changes including the increase of histone H3 acetylation and decrease of histone H3-K9 dimethylation in early maturation embryos. In addition, the loss of histone H3 from the proximal promoter of Ara h 3 is associated with its high expression during late embryo maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Riascos JJ, Weissinger AK, Weissinger SM, Burks AW. Hypoallergenic legume crops and food allergy: factors affecting feasibility and risk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:20-7. [PMID: 19921800 DOI: 10.1021/jf902526y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the sole strategy for managing food hypersensitivity involves strict avoidance of the trigger. Several alternate strategies for the treatment of food allergies are currently under study. Also being explored is the process of eliminating allergenic proteins from crop plants. Legumes are a rich source of protein and are an essential component of the human diet. Unfortunately, legumes, including soybean and peanut, are also common sources of food allergens. Four protein families and superfamilies account for the majority of legume allergens, which include storage proteins of seeds (cupins and prolamins), profilins, and the larger group of pathogenesis-related proteins. Two strategies have been used to produce hypoallergenic legume crops: (1) germplasm lines are screened for the absence or reduced content of specific allergenic proteins and (2) genetic transformation is used to silence native genes encoding allergenic proteins. Both approaches have been successful in producing cultivars of soybeans and peanuts with reduced allergenic proteins. However, it is unknown whether the cultivars are actually hypoallergenic to those with sensitivity. This review describes efforts to produce hypoallergenic cultivars of soybean and peanut and discusses the challenges that need to be overcome before such products could be available in the marketplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Riascos
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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30
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Tadege M, Wang TL, Wen J, Ratet P, Mysore KS. Mutagenesis and beyond! Tools for understanding legume biology. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 151:978-84. [PMID: 19741047 PMCID: PMC2773078 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.144097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
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31
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Ozias-Akins P, Ramos ML, Faustinelli P, Chu Y, Maleki S, Thelen JJ, Huntley J, Arias K, Jordana M. Spontaneous and induced variability of allergens in commodity crops: Ara h 2 in peanut as a case study. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 54:S37-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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