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Stockdale JN, Millwood RJ. Transgene Bioconfinement: Don't Flow There. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1099. [PMID: 36903958 PMCID: PMC10005267 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The adoption of genetically engineered (GE) crops has led to economic and environmental benefits. However, there are regulatory and environmental concerns regarding the potential movement of transgenes beyond cultivation. These concerns are greater for GE crops with high outcrossing frequencies to sexually compatible wild relatives and those grown in their native region. Newer GE crops may also confer traits that enhance fitness, and introgression of these traits could negatively impact natural populations. Transgene flow could be lessened or prevented altogether through the addition of a bioconfinement system during transgenic plant production. Several bioconfinement approaches have been designed and tested and a few show promise for transgene flow prevention. However, no system has been widely adopted despite nearly three decades of GE crop cultivation. Nonetheless, it may be necessary to implement a bioconfinement system in new GE crops or in those where the potential of transgene flow is high. Here, we survey such systems that focus on male and seed sterility, transgene excision, delayed flowering, as well as the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 to reduce or eliminate transgene flow. We discuss system utility and efficacy, as well as necessary features for commercial adoption.
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Ye X, Vaghchhipawala Z, Williams EJ, Fu C, Liu J, Lu F, Hall EL, Guo SX, Frank L, Gilbertson LA. Cre-mediated autoexcision of selectable marker genes in soybean, cotton, canola and maize transgenic plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:45-55. [PMID: 36316413 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Efficient selectable marker gene autoexcision in transgenic plants of soybean, cotton, canola, and maize is achieved by effective Cre recombinase expression. Selectable marker genes are often required for efficient generation of transgenic plants in plant transformation but are not desired once the transgenic events are obtained. We have developed Cre/loxP autoexcision systems to remove selectable marker genes in soybean, cotton, canola and maize. We tested a set of vectors with diverse promoters and identified promising promoters to drive cre expression for each of the four crops. We evaluated both the efficiency of generating primary transgenic events with low transgene copy numbers, and the frequency of marker-free progeny in the next generation. The best performing vectors gave no obvious decrease in the transformation frequency in each crop and generated homozygous marker-free progeny in the next generation. We found that effective expression of Cre recombinase for marker gene autoexcision can be species dependent. Among the vectors tested, the best autoexcision frequency (41%) in soybean transformation came from using the soybean RSP1 promoter for cre expression. The cre gene expressed by soybean RSP1 promoter with an Arabidopsis AtpE intron delivered the best autoexcision frequency (69%) in cotton transformation. The cre gene expressed by the embryo-specific eUSP88 promoter from Vicia faba conferred the best marker excision frequency (32%) in canola transformation. Finally, the cre gene expressed by the rice CDC45-1 promoter resulted in 44% autoexcision in maize transformation. The Cre/loxP recombinase system enables the generation of selectable marker-free transgenic plants for commercial product development in four agriculturally important crops and provides further improvement opportunities for more specific and better marker excision efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Ye
- Bayer Crop Science, 700 Chesterfield Pkwy, St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA.
| | | | - Edward J Williams
- Bayer Crop Science, 700 Chesterfield Pkwy, St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA
- Wisconsin Crop Innovation Center, 8520 University Green, Middleton, WI, 53562, USA
| | - Changlin Fu
- Bayer Crop Science, 700 Chesterfield Pkwy, St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- Bayer Crop Science, 700 Chesterfield Pkwy, St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Fengming Lu
- Bayer Crop Science, 700 Chesterfield Pkwy, St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Erin L Hall
- Bayer Crop Science, 700 Chesterfield Pkwy, St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA
| | - Shirley X Guo
- Bayer Crop Science, 700 Chesterfield Pkwy, St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA
| | - LaRee Frank
- Bayer Crop Science, 700 Chesterfield Pkwy, St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA
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Zhang Z, Guo Y, Marasigan KM, Conner JA, Ozias-Akins P. Gene activation via Cre/lox-mediated excision in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:119-138. [PMID: 34591155 PMCID: PMC8803690 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Expression of Cre recombinase by AtRps5apro or AtDD45pro enabled Cre/lox-mediated recombination at an early embryonic developmental stage upon crossing, activating transgenes in the hybrid cowpea and tobacco. Genetic engineering ideally results in precise spatiotemporal control of transgene expression. To activate transgenes exclusively in a hybrid upon fertilization, we evaluated a Cre/lox-mediated gene activation system with the Cre recombinase expressed by either AtRps5a or AtDD45 promoters that showed activity in egg cells and young embryos. In crosses between Cre recombinase lines and transgenic lines harboring a lox-excision reporter cassette with ZsGreen driven by the AtUbq3 promoter after Cre/lox-mediated recombination, we observed complete excision of the lox-flanked intervening DNA sequence between the AtUbq3pro and the ZsGreen coding sequence in F1 progeny upon genotyping but no ZsGreen expression in F1 seeds or seedlings. The incapability to observe ZsGreen fluorescence was attributed to the activity of the AtUbq3pro. Strong ZsGreen expression in F1 seeds was observed after recombination when ZsGreen was driven by the AtUbq10 promoter. Using the AtDD45pro to express Cre resulted in more variation in recombination frequencies between transgenic lines and crosses. Regardless of the promoter used to regulate Cre, mosaic F1 progeny were rare, suggesting gene activation at an early embryo-developmental stage. Observation of ZsGreen-expressing tobacco embryos at the globular stage from crosses with the AtRps5aproCre lines pollinated by the AtUbq3prolox line supported the early activation mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifen Zhang
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, 2356 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Yinping Guo
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, 2356 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Kathleen Monfero Marasigan
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, 2356 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Joann A Conner
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, 2356 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Peggy Ozias-Akins
- Department of Horticulture and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, 2356 Rainwater Rd, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA.
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Poles L, Licciardello C, Distefano G, Nicolosi E, Gentile A, La Malfa S. Recent Advances of In Vitro Culture for the Application of New Breeding Techniques in Citrus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E938. [PMID: 32722179 PMCID: PMC7465985 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Citrus is one of the most important fruit crops in the world. This review will discuss the recent findings related to citrus transformation and regeneration protocols of juvenile and adult explants. Despite the many advances that have been made in the last years (including the use of inducible promoters and site-specific recombination systems), transformation efficiency, and regeneration potential still represent a bottleneck in the application of the new breeding techniques in commercial citrus varieties. The influence of genotype, explant type, and other factors affecting the regeneration and transformation of the most used citrus varieties will be described, as well as some examples of how these processes can be applied to improve fruit quality and resistance to various pathogens and pests, including the potential of using genome editing in citrus. The availability of efficient regeneration and transformation protocols, together with the availability of the source of resistance, is made even more important in light of the fast diffusion of emerging diseases, such as Huanglongbing (HLB), which is seriously challenging citriculture worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Poles
- Food and Environment (Di3A), Department of Agriculture, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.P.); (G.D.); (E.N.); (S.L.M.)
- CREA, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Corso Savoia 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy;
| | - Concetta Licciardello
- CREA, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Corso Savoia 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Distefano
- Food and Environment (Di3A), Department of Agriculture, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.P.); (G.D.); (E.N.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Nicolosi
- Food and Environment (Di3A), Department of Agriculture, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.P.); (G.D.); (E.N.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Alessandra Gentile
- Food and Environment (Di3A), Department of Agriculture, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.P.); (G.D.); (E.N.); (S.L.M.)
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Stefano La Malfa
- Food and Environment (Di3A), Department of Agriculture, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.P.); (G.D.); (E.N.); (S.L.M.)
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Liu F, Wang P, Xiong X, Fu P, Gao H, Ding X, Wu G. Comparison of three Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation methods for generating marker-free transgenic Brassica napus plants. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:81. [PMID: 32518583 PMCID: PMC7275470 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generation of marker-free transgenic plants is very important to the regulatory permission and commercial release of transgenic crops. Co-transformation methods that enable the removal of selectable marker genes have been extensively used because they are simple and clean. Few comparisons are currently available between different strain/plasmid co-transformation systems, and also data are related to variation in co-transformation frequencies caused by other details of the vector design. RESULTS In this study, we constructed three vector systems for the co-transformation of allotetraploid Brassica napus (B. napus) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and compared these co-transformation methods. We tested a mixed-strain system, in which a single T-DNA is harbored in two plasmids, as well as two "double T-DNA" vector systems, in which two independent T-DNAs are harbored in one plasmid in a tandem orientation or in an inverted orientation. As confirmed by the use of PCR analysis, test strips, and Southern blot, the average co-transformation frequencies from these systems ranged from 24 to 81% in T0 plants, with the highest frequency of 81% for 1:1 treatment of the mixed-strain system. These vector systems are valuable for generating marker-free transgenic B. napus plants, and marker-free plants were successfully obtained in the T1 generation from 50 to 77% of T0 transgenic lines using these systems, with the highest frequency of 77% for "double T-DNA" vector systems of pBID RT Enhanced. We further found that marker-free B. napus plants were more frequently encountered in the progeny of transgenic lines which has only one or two marker gene copies in the T0 generation. Two types of herbicide resistant transgenic B. napus plants, Bar + with phosphinothricin resistance and Bar + EPSPS + GOX + with phosphinothricin and glyphosate resistance, were obtained. CONCLUSION We were successful in removing selectable marker genes in transgenic B. napus plants using all three co-transformation systems developed in this study. It was proved that if a appropriate mole ratio was designed for the specific length ratio of the twin T-DNAs for the mixed-strain method, high unlinked co-insertion frequency and overall success frequency could be achieved. Our study provides useful information for the construction of efficient co-transformation system for marker-free transgenic crop production and developed transgenic B. napus with various types of herbicide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Pandi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Yang K, Gao Y, Yang M, Xu Z, Chen Q. Creating conditional dual fluorescence labeled transgenic animals for studying function of small noncoding RNAs. Connect Tissue Res 2017; 58:103-115. [PMID: 27763799 PMCID: PMC5382716 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1247834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Because the function of most noncoding (nc) RNAs is unknown, Cre-lox transgenic mice are useful tools to determine their functions in a tissue or developmental stage-specific manner. However, the technology faces challenges because expression of ncRNA-transgene lacks protein product. No antibody or peptide-tag can be used to trace ncRNA expression in mouse tissues in real time. Furthermore, transgene integration at different locus or orientations in the genome may result in recombination of genomic fragments in the Cre-lox system. Establishing a reliable method that can be used to determine the precise copy number and orientation of the transgene is critical to the field. We developed a fast and straightforward method to determine ncRNA-transgene copy number, orientation, and insertion site in the genome. Furthermore, upon tissue-specific expression of ncRNA, a Cre-loxP-mediated dual-fluorescence expression system facilitates fluorescence signal switching from green to red, which enables real-time monitoring of ncRNA expression by fluorescence signals. As proof of concept, we demonstrate that after microRNA (miRNA)-Flox mice crossed with Col2a1-Cre mice, miRNA transgene expression could be detected successfully by red fluorescence signals in various cartilaginous tissues. This method of creating small ncRNA transgenic mice facilitates both tissue-specific ncRNA expression and real-time visualization of its expression. It is particularly suitable for in vivo studies of the functional roles and lineage tracing of small ncRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mingfu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Zuoshang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Kopertekh L, Schiemann J. Marker Removal in Transgenic Plants Using Cre Recombinase Delivered with Potato Virus X. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1642:151-168. [PMID: 28815499 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7169-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter we present an alternative method to develop marker-free transgenic plants. It makes use of the Cre/loxP recombination system from bacteriophage P1 and consists of two essential components. The first component is the transgenic plant containing a loxP-flanked marker gene. The second component is a cre transient expression vector based on potato virus X. The great benefit of this transient delivery method consists in the avoidance of stable integration of the cre recombinase gene into the plant genome. Upon infection of the loxP-target plant with PVX-Cre, the virus spreads systemically through the plant and causes the recombinase-mediated excision of the marker gene. Marker-free transgenic loci can be transmitted to the progeny by plant regeneration from PVX-Cre systemically infected leaves or self-pollination of virus-infected plants. The protocol covers generation of loxP-target transgenic plants, PVX-mediated delivery of Cre recombinase protein, phenotypic and molecular analysis of recombination events, and transmission of marker-free transgenic loci to the next generation. The transient expression system described in this chapter can be adapted for marker gene removal in other plant species that are amenable for virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilya Kopertekh
- Julius Kuehn Institute-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Erwin-Baur-Str 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany.
| | - Joachim Schiemann
- Julius Kuehn Institute-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Erwin-Baur-Str 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
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Sekan AS, Isayenkov SV, Blume YB. Development of marker-free transformants by site-specific recombinases. CYTOL GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452715060080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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TRANSFORMATION EFFECTIVENESS FOR ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA PLANTS BY DNA-CONSTRUCTIONS WITH SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINASE SYSTEM Cre/loxP. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2015. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech8.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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10
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Chong-Pérez B, Reyes M, Rojas L, Ocaña B, Ramos A, Kosky RG, Angenon G. Excision of a selectable marker gene in transgenic banana using a Cre/lox system controlled by an embryo specific promoter. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 83:143-152. [PMID: 23591693 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic and herbicide resistance genes have been used in transgene technology as powerful selection tools. Nonetheless, once transgenic events have been obtained their presence is no longer needed and can even be undesirable. In this work, we have developed a system to excise the selectable marker and the cre recombinase genes from transgenic banana cv. 'Grande Naine' (Musa AAA). To achieve this, the embryo specific REG-2 promoter was isolated from rice and its expression pattern in banana cell clumps, somatic embryos and regenerated plantlets was characterized by using a pREG2::uidA fusion construct. Subsequently, the REG-2 promoter was placed upstream of the cre gene, conferring Cre functionality in somatic embryos and recombination of lox sites resulting in excision of the selectable marker and cre genes. PCR analysis revealed that 41.7 % of the analysed transgenic plants were completely marker free, results that were thereafter confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using developmentally controlled promoters to mediate marker excision in banana. This system does not require any extra handling compared to the conventional transformation procedure and might be useful in other species regenerating through somatic embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borys Chong-Pérez
- Instituto de Biotecnología de Las Plantas, Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas, Carretera A Camajuaní Km 5.5, Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba
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11
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Hu Z, Ding X, Hu S, Sun Y, Xia L. Tissue-specifically regulated site-specific excision of selectable marker genes in bivalent insecticidal, genetically-modified rice. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 35:2177-83. [PMID: 23974493 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Marker-free, genetically-modified rice was created by the tissue-specifically regulated Cre/loxP system, in which the Cre recombinase gene and hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hpt) were flanked by two directly oriented loxP sites. Cre expression was activated by the tissue-specific promoter OsMADS45 in flower or napin in seed, resulting in simultaneous excision of the recombinase and marker genes. Segregation of T1 progeny was performed to select recombined plants. The excision was confirmed by PCR, Southern blot and sequence analyses indicating that efficiency varied from 10 to 53 % for OsMADS45 and from 12 to 36 % for napin. The expression of cry1Ac and vip3A was detected by RT-PCR analysis in marker-free transgenic rice. These results suggested that our tissue-specifically regulated Cre/loxP system could auto-excise marker genes from transgenic rice and alleviate public concerns about the security of GM crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Hu
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Microbial Molecular Biology, Changsha, 410081, People's Republic of China,
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Tuteja N, Verma S, Sahoo RK, Raveendar S, Reddy INBL. Recent advances in development of marker-free transgenic plants: Regulation and biosafety concern. J Biosci 2012; 37:167-97. [PMID: 22357214 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-012-9187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Tuteja
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India.
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13
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Suitability of non-lethal marker and marker-free systems for development of transgenic crop plants: Present status and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:703-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Husaini AM, Rashid Z, Mir RUR, Aquil B. Approaches for gene targeting and targeted gene expression in plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 2:150-62. [PMID: 22179193 DOI: 10.4161/gmcr.2.3.18605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic science and technology are fundamental to state-of-the-art plant molecular genetics and crop improvement. The new generation of technology endeavors to introduce genes 'stably' into 'site-specific' locations and in 'single copy' without the integration of extraneous vector 'backbone' sequences or selectable markers and with a 'predictable and consistent' expression. Several similar strategies and technologies, which can push the development of 'smart' genetically modified plants with desirable attributes, as well as enhance their consumer acceptability, are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Masood Husaini
- Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics; Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir; Shalimar, India.
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15
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Wang Y, Yau YY, Perkins-Balding D, Thomson JG. Recombinase technology: applications and possibilities. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:267-85. [PMID: 20972794 PMCID: PMC3036822 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-010-0938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of recombinases for genomic engineering is no longer a new technology. In fact, this technology has entered its third decade since the initial discovery that recombinases function in heterologous systems (Sauer in Mol Cell Biol 7(6):2087-2096, 1987). The random insertion of a transgene into a plant genome by traditional methods generates unpredictable expression patterns. This feature of transgenesis makes screening for functional lines with predictable expression labor intensive and time consuming. Furthermore, an antibiotic resistance gene is often left in the final product and the potential escape of such resistance markers into the environment and their potential consumption raises consumer concern. The use of site-specific recombination technology in plant genome manipulation has been demonstrated to effectively resolve complex transgene insertions to single copy, remove unwanted DNA, and precisely insert DNA into known genomic target sites. Recombinases have also been demonstrated capable of site-specific recombination within non-nuclear targets, such as the plastid genome of tobacco. Here, we review multiple uses of site-specific recombination and their application toward plant genomic engineering. We also provide alternative strategies for the combined use of multiple site-specific recombinase systems for genome engineering to precisely insert transgenes into a pre-determined locus, and removal of unwanted selectable marker genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueju Wang
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, Broken Arrow, OK 74014 USA
| | - Yuan-Yeu Yau
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA-ARS, University of California-Berkeley, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710 USA
| | | | - James G. Thomson
- Crop Improvement and Utilization Unit, USDA-ARS WRRC, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710 USA
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Kopertekh L, Broer I, Schiemann J. Developmentally regulated site-specific marker gene excision in transgenic B. napus plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2009; 28:1075-83. [PMID: 19479261 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-009-0711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a self-excision Cre-vector to remove marker genes from Brassica napus. In this vector cre recombinase gene and bar expression cassette were inserted between two lox sites in direct orientation. These lox-flanked sequences were placed between the seed-specific napin promoter and the gene of interest (vstI). Tissue-specific cre activation resulted in simultaneous excision of the recombinase and marker genes. The vector was introduced into B. napus by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. F1 progeny of seven lines with single and multiple transgene insertions was subjected to segregation and molecular analysis. Marker-free plants could be detected and confirmed by PCR and Southern blot in all transgenic lines tested. The recombination efficiency expressed as a ratio of plants with complete gene excision to the total number of investigated plants varied from 13 to 81% dependent on the transgene copy number. Potential application of this system would be the establishment of marker-free transgenic plants in generatively propagated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilya Kopertekh
- Julius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Biosafety of Genetically Modified Plants, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484, Quedlinburg, Germany
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